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Book lA 



RECORDS 



PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH 



IN THE 



UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 



embracing the 

minutes of the presbytery of philadelphia, from a. d. 1706 to 1716 

minutes of the synod of philadelphia, from a. d. 1717 to 1758 

minutes of the synod of new york, from a. d. 1745 to 1758 

minutes of the synod of philadelphia and new york, from a. d. 

1758 to 1788. 



PHILADELPHIA: 
PRESBYTERIAN BOARD OF PUBLICATION. 

JAMES RUSSELL, PUBLISHING AGENT. 

1841. 



^ 



w 






O 4 D O 41 




PHILADELPHIA : 
WILLIAM S. MART1EN, PRINTER. 



ADVERTISEMENT. 



For several years past, the General Assembly of the Presbyterian 
Church in the United States of America, have adopted measures for 
Jie full and complete publication of their minutes, including those of 
the Presbytery of Philadelphia, during the period that it was the 
only Presbyterian judicatory in the country ; and of the Synods cf 
New York and Philadelphia, during the time that they, separated or 
united, were the highest judicatories known to the Church; thus 
securing, as far as these records might embody it, a connected history 
of the Presbyterian Church, from its earliest organization in this 
country, to the present time. 

Various difficulties have occurred to defeat the execution of this 
very desirable object; and in May, 1840, the General Assembly 
directed their Stated Clerk to promote the publication, if practicable, 
through the agency of the Presbyterian Board of Publication. 
The subject was accordingly proposed, and the Executive Committee 
of the Board, with great unanimity, resolved to adventure at least 
on the publication of a preliminary volume, embracing the earlier 
records until the period of the organization of the General Assem- 
bly; with the intention of completing the plan, provided the demand 
for the work should justify them in incurring the heavy expense of 
such an enterprise. 

The subscriber, being both Stated Clerk of the General Assembly, 
and Editor of the Board of Publication, has been entrusted with ths 
preparation of the Minutes for the press. In fulfilment of the duties 
of his appointment, he has thought it advisable to preface the records 
with a very brief introduction, and to connect the several parts by 
some explanatory remarks. 

Among the records of the earliest Presbytery and Synod, is a letter- 



4 ADVERTISEMENT. 

book, containing, besides copies of a part of the correspondence of 
these bodies, certain memoranda which should properly have been 
inserted in the body of the minutes. The letters and the memoranda 
have been appended as notes to the minutes under their proper dates, 
thus giving the history more fulness and continuity. 

It must be a subject of gratulation in the Church, that by this pub- 
lication the early records of the Church, which were in danger of 
perishing, have been secured in a permanent form; and it is to be 
hoped, that the eager demand for this volume, will lead to the com- 
pletion of the plan, by the publication in full of all the Minutes of the 
General Assembly to the present time. 

WILLIAM M. ENGLES. 

Philadelphia, January, 1841. 



RECORDS 



OF THE 



PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH 



PRELIMINARY BKET( II 

The Presbyterian Church assumed its ecclesiastical form in the United 

States, at a date posterior to the « Btablishment of the Puritans, Roman Catho- 

iopalians. It is to be presumed that individuals of 

this denomination, in the spirit of personal enterprise, had emigrated at an 

early date of the settlement of the country, and were scattered throughout the 
Colonies; but they were in noplace sufficiently numerous to associate in acon- 
Lional, muchless in a presbyterial capacity. The Puritans of -New J _ 
land, and the Quakers of Pennsylvania, Delaware, and New Jersey, had emi- 
grated from religious motives; and as they wished to preserve their distinctive 
religious character in a land far removed from the vexatious evils, to which per- 
secution had subjected them in the place of their birth, they came in large 
numbers, and selecied their residence with a view to peaceful religious associa- 
tion. The cause which principally influenced them, had as yet exerted no 
power over the Presbyterians of Scotland and Ireland. In the peaceful enjoy- 
ment of their religious rights, they had no inducement, or rather were com- 
pelled by no necessity, to flee to the uncultivated wilds of America. 

Soon after the restoration of Charles II., however, the Presbyterians of 
Scotland and Ireland were subjected to a persecution, which increased in viru- 
lence in proportion to the resistance which was opposed to a corrupt monarch's 
will. The subversion of the cherished religion of a nation, and the substitution 
of another, which, from many considerations, was particularly obnoxious, could 
not be accomplished without resorting to the most inhuman proscriptions and 
banishments. These attempts to impose Episcopacy on Presbyterians, which 
were relentlessly pursued until the accession of William III., rendered the 
provinces of America a desirable refuge for those who could not, without peril 
of life, cherish their religious preferences in the place of their nativity. 

The first churches established in this country under Presbyterian organiza- 
tion were situated in Delaware, Maryland, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey. 
In these provinces religious liberty was secured by the original proprietors. 
The following may be considered as an agreeable specimen of the temper 
which characterized the laws of these provinces on the subject of religion. It 
is an enactment in relation to Pennsylvania, and is in these words: — "That 
all persons living in this province, who confess and acknowledge one Almighty 
and Eternal God to be the Creator, Upholder, and Ruler of the world, and that 
hold themselves obliged in conscience to live peaceably and justly in civil 
society, shall in no wavs be molested or prejudiced for their religious persuasion 
1* 



PRELIMINARY SKETCH. 



or practice, in matters of faith and worship ; nor shall they be compelled, at any- 
time, to frequent or maintain any religious worship, place, or ministry, what- 
ever." This recognition of religious liberty had great influence upon those who 
had recently experienced the horrors of intolerance, in selecting these provinces 
for their permanent residence. 

In tracing the history of the first societies which were established for reli- 
gious worship by these emigrants in a new country, and at a period so remote, 
there will necessarily be a difficulty in ascertaining the precise circumstances 
under which they were founded. In some instances the sparseness of the 
population, or the poverty of the people, induced persons of different persua- 
sions to unite their strength, and congregate without an immediate reference to 
denominational organization. This, however, was soon found to be incon- 
venient, and the plan was abandoned as soon as practicable. As accurately 
as it can now be ascertained, the first Presbyterian church in this country was 
organized in Philadelphia, about the year 1698; and it is probable that the 
churches at Snowhill, Rehoboth, Monokin, and Wicomico, on the eastern shore 
of Maryland, were organized about the same period. 

When the ministers who harmonized in their views of Christian doctrine) 
and ecclesiastical government, had become sufficiently numerous, they consti- 
tuted themselves into a Presbytery. In consequence of the irrecoverable loss] 
of the first leaf of the Minutes of this body, we are unable to ascertain the! 
precise date of their ecclesiastical association; but judging from the first date 
which appears on page 3d of these records, it must have been about the begin- 
ning of the year 1705. This Presbytery of Philadelphia, consisted of seven 
ministers, viz: Francis McKemie, John Hampton, George McNish, SamueJ 
Davis, all, from the best accounts, emigrants from Ireland, and exercising theii 
ministry on the eastern shore of Maryland; Nathaniel Taylor, from Scotland] 
and settled in Upper Marlborough ; John Wilson, also from Scotland, settlec 
in New Castle; and Jedediah Andrews, from New England, and settled ii 
Philadelphia. To these may be added John Boyd, who was the first persoi 
ordained by the new Presbytery, in 1706, and settled in Freehold, Neij 
Jersey. 

The Minutes of this body, as being the first Presbyterian judicatory in 
country, stand first in the order of publication. The abruptness of the coi 
mencement is to be attributed to the loss of the first leaf of the records, 
which we have before referred. 



PART FIRST. 

MINUTES OF THE PRESBYTERY OF PHILADELPHIA. 

FROM THE YEAR 1706 TO THE YEAR 17.7. 

— De regimine ecclesise, which being heard was approved of and sustained. 
He gave in also his thesis to be considered of against next sederunt. 

Sederunt 2/. 10 bris. 27. 

Post preces sederunt, Mr. Francis McKemie, Moderator, Messrs, Jedediah 
Andrews, -and John Hampton, Ministers. 

Mr. John Boyd performed the other parts of his trials, viz. preached a 
popular sermon on John i. TJ; defended his thesis; gave satisfaction as to 
his skill in the Languages, and answered to extemporary questions; all which 
were approved of, and sustained. 

Appointed his ordination to he on the next Lord's day, the 29th inst., which 
was accordingly performed in the public meeting house of this place, before a 
numerous assembly; and the next day he had the certificate of his ordination. 

March 22d 9 1707. 

At a meeting of the Presbytery held at Philadelphia, post preces sederunt. 
Messrs John Wilson, Jedediah Andrews, Nathaniel Taylor, George McNish, 
Ministers. Joseph Yard, William Smith, John Gardener, James Stoddard, 
Elders. 

Master John Wilson, by plurality of votes was chosen Moderator, Mr. 
George McNish was chosen Clerk to the Presbytery. 

This day a letter sent by Mr. Samuel Davis to the Presbytery, was pre- 
sented to them ; it being moved by one of the members that the letter might 
be read, it was accordingly read and considered, and Mr. Davis his reasons 
for excusing his absence from this and the preceding meeting of the Presby- 
tery, were not sustained by the Presbytery. 

Ordered that the next dyet of the Presbytery be held upon Tuesday, at four 
o'clock, in the afternoon. 

Mr. Francis McKemie and Mr. John 'Wilson, are appointed to preach 
upon Tuesday, upon the subjects appointed them at the last Presbytery, from 
Heb. i. 1, 2 v., by way of exercise and addition. 

March 2 5 th. 

Post preces sederunt, John Wilson, &c. This day Mr. Francis McKemie 
and Mr. John Wilson delivered their discourses according to appointment, and 
were approved by the Presbytery. 

Ordered, That a letter be writ, and sent to Mr. Samuel Davis in the name 
of the Presbytery, by Master John Wilson, requiring him to be present at 
our next meeting in this place. 



§ MINUTES OF THE 

Appointed that the letters sent from the people of Snow Hill in Somerset, 
be read before the Presbytery. 

The letters were accordingly read, and their contents were duly considered 
by the Presbytery. And whereas, the aforesaid people do by their represen- 
tatives and letters earnestly address the Presbytery for their joynt concurrence, 
and assistance in prosecuting their call to Mr. John Hampton, that he may 
undertake the work of the Ministry among them, as their settled and proper 
Minister and Pastor, 

Ordered by the Presbytery, that the call be sent to Mr. Hampton, by the 
foresaid people, and also, the other paper containing their subscriptions for his 
encouragement to undertake the work of the Ministry among them, be given 
to Mr. Hampton to peruse and consider, which accordingly were given him. 

Ordered, That whereas Mr. Hampton, after his receiving the call to him 
from the people at Snowhill, gave several satisfactory reasons, why he could 
not at this time comply with it ; that the said Mr. Hampton may have the call 
and the paper of subscription continued in his hands for his further perusal, till 
the next Presbytery. 

Ordered further, in this affair, that a letter be sent in name of the Pres- 
bytery to the people of Snowhill, to encourage their endeavours for a settled 
minister among them, and that Mr. Nathaniel Taylor write the letter express- 
ing the mind of the Presbytery, which was accordingly done. 

Appointed that the Presbytery meet to-morrow at ten o'clock, and that Mr. 
Andrews and Mr. John Boyd, prepare some overtures to be considered by 
the Presbytery, for propagating religion in their respective congregations. 

March 2Qth. Post preces sederunt, the moderator, §c. 

Ordered by the Presbytery, that Mr. Francis McKemie write to Scotland, 

to Mr. Alexander Coldin, minister of Oxam, of the Presbytery of , and 

to give an account of the state and circumstances of the dissenting Presbyte- 
rian interest among the people in and about Lewistown, and to signify the 
earnest desires of that people, for the said Mr. Coldin's coming over to be 
their minister ; and that Mr. McKemie make report of his diligence herein 
against the next Presbytery. 

The Presbytery appoints Mr. John Wilson to write to the Presbytery 

of , to the effect aforesaid, and make report of his care herein against the 

next Presbytery. 

Overtures proposed to the Presbytery and agreed upon, for propagating the 
interest of religion: 

First, That every minister in their respective congregations, read and com- 
ment upon a chapter of the Bible every Lord's day, as discretion and circum- 
stances of time, place, &c, will admit. 

Second over: That it be recommended to every minister of the Presbytery 
to set on foot and encourage private Christian societies. 

Third over : That every minister of the Presbytery supply neighbouring 
desolate places where a minister is wanting, and opportunity of doing good 
offers. 

The Presbytery do appoint Mr. Jedediah Andrews and Mr. Nathaniel 
Taylor, to prepare a Presbyterial sermon, each of them to be delivered against 
the next Presbytery. Mr. Andrews to discourse from Heb. i. chap. 3. v. 
the first, and Mr. Taylor from latter part of the verse. 

Appointed that the Presbytery meet upon the first Tuesdav of April, 1708, 
at Philadelphia, and this meeting was concluded. 

May the 18th. 

At a meeting of Presbytery at Philadelphia, 1708, post preces sederunt. 
Ministers, Messrs. Samuel Davis, John Wilson, Jedediah Andrews, Nathaniel 



PRESBYTERY OF PHILADELPHIA. 9 

Taylor, John Hampton, John Boyd. Elders, Joseph Yard, Bell, John 

Gray. 

Mr. Samuel Davis was chosen Moderator. 

Ordered by the Presbytery, that Mr. Jedediah Andrews deliver his Pres- 
byterial exercise to-morrow at 10 of the clock, in the meeting house ; and that 
Mr. Nathaniel Taylor deliver his on Friday next, at 10 of the clock in the 
morning. 

This day was read before the Presbytery, a letter sent by the people of and 
about White Clay creek, in New Castle county, importing their desire and 
petition to the Presbytery, to have the ordinances of the gospel administered 
with more convenience and nearness to the place of their abode, for the greater 
advantage and ease to their several families, promising withal due encourage- 
ment to the minister that shall be appointed thus to supply them. 

Ordered by the Presbytery that this letter be read at the next session, to- 
morrow afternoon, and that another letter from some persons about Apoquinimy 
be considered against the next dyet of the Presbytery at the time aforesaid. , 

This day was also read a letter from several persons in the town of New- 
castle, wherein they crave that the people of White Clay Creek may not be 
suffered to set up a meeting house in the country, that their meeting house 
and congregation in Newcastle may not be damaged by this rupture of their 
fellow members of White Clay Creek. 

Ordered that this letter be considered by the next session of the Presbytery. 

May 19, Sessione 2da. post preces, fyc. 

Mr. Davis satisfied the Presbytery for his absence the former year. 

Ordered by the Presbytery that there be a letter sent to the people of Snow 
Hill, requiring their faithfulness and care in collecting the tobacco promised 
by subscription to Mr. Hampton. 

Ordered, That Mr. Wilson, Mr.Andrews, and Mr. Hampton, speak with Mr. 
Joseph Smith, and the people of Cohanzy, about his settlement and ordination. 

Mr. Wilson, Mr. Andrews, and Mr. Hampton, made their report, what it is 
Mr. Smith and the people of Cohanzy desire, viz: That some might be 
appointed to wait upon Mr. Smith and the people of Cohanzy. 

Ordered by the Presbytery that, upon the desire of Mr. Smith and the peo- 
ple of Cohanzy, Mr. Wilson, Mr. Andrews, and Mr. Boyd, shall wait upon 
them at Cohanzy, in order to his ordination, and the people are to present 
them a call to the said Mr. Smith. 
( The trials appointed by the Presbytery to Mr. Smith, an fides solum jus- 
tificet, for sermon, John vi. 37, last part of the verse. Mr. Andrews to be 
moderator, and the people are to give three weeks advertisement. 

Ordered that Mr. McNish and Mr. Davis attend Mr. Hampton in the day of 
his inauguration, and Mr. Davis shall preceed. [preside?] 

Ordered that the Presbytery adjourn till Thursday, at nine o'clock forenoon. 

May 20, Sessione 3tia. post preces, §*c. 

Mr. McKemie did, according to his order, write to Mr. Coldin, in Oxam> 
for coming over to the American parts. 

It is further recommended to Mr. Andrews, to take it into his serious con- 
sideration of reading a chapter and making a comment on the same. 

The first overture is complied with by the rest of the ministers. 

The second overture in part practised and hoped in time to be fully com- 
plied with. 

The third overture complied with and practised by the ministers. 

Mr. Andrews delivered the presbyterial exercise appointed and was sus- 
tained. 



10 MINUTES OF THE 

Ordered by the Presbytery, that the time appointed for their meeting be in 
no wise prorogued for the future. 

Ordered, That'the people of Newcastle and the country, should not be divided 
by setting up two separate meetings. 

Ordered, That Mr. Wilson preach one Sabbath in Newcastle and the other in 
the country ; that Mr. Wilson, once in a month, on a week day, preach to the 
people in Apoquinimy; and Mr. Hampton is to preach to them as he goes 
home, and Mr. Davis is to preach to them at his return to the next Presbytery. 

Ordered, That Mr. Hampton write a letter to the people at White Clay Creek 
in answer to their' s. 

Ordered, That Mr. McNish write to New Castle in answer to their letter. 

Ordered, That Mr. Hampton return a verbal answer to the people of Apo- 
quinimy, in answer to their letter. 

Ordered, That Mr. Andrews, Mr. McNish, and Mr. Boyd, read over the 
letters from Woodbridge concerning the differences betwixt that people and 
Mr. Wade, and make a summary report thereof at the next meeting. 

May 20, Post Merid. Sessione Ata. post preces, fyc. 

A letter presented by the people of Freehold about the settlement of Mr. 
Boyd is referred till the next meeting. 

The report Mr. Andrews, Mr. McNish, and Mr. Boyd were to make of 
the letters from Woodbridge referred till the next meeting. 

Ordered, That Mr. Wilson and Mr. Taylor write to the people of Snow- 
hill in answer to their letter. 

The meeting adjourned till to-morrow, at three, afternoon. 

May 21, Post Merid. Sessione 5ta. Precibus peractis, 

Ordered, That Mr. Wilson write an answer to the people of Freehold's 
letter. 

A letter by Mr. Hampton to the people at Whiteclay Creek read and sus- 
tained. 

Mr. McNish was defective in writing to the people of New Castle, and is 
to write against next sederunt. 

Mr. Wilson and Mr. Taylor were defective in writing to the people of 
Snowhill, and are to write against the next sederunt. 

Mr. Taylor delivered his Presbyterial exercise, and it was sustained. 

The meeting is adjourned till to-morrow, at 8 o'clock in the morning. 

May 22, post preces, sessione 6ta. 

Mr. Andrews is ordered to assist Mr. Wilson to write to the people of 
Freehold against the next meeting. 

Mr. Wilson and Mr. Taylor's letter to the people of Snowhill was read 
and sustained. 

Ordered, That Mr. Boyd shall supply Woodbridge every third Sabbath if 
they desire it, and the Presbytery are to write to the people of Freehold de- 
siring their consent thereto, and the meeting house shall be the only place of 
meeting or not at all in Woodbridge, but may be at Amboy if the people of 
Woodbridge and Amboy be content; and in the interval, when Mr. Boyd is 
not there, they are advised, if they can see it clear to themselves, to hear Mr. 
Wade. 

Ordered, That Mr. Andrews and Mr. Hampton write to the ministers of 
Connecticut concerning the affair of Woodbridge. 

Ordered, That Mr. Davis and Mr. Wilson write to the people of Wood- 
bridge, 



PRESBYTERY OF PHILADELPHIA. H 

Ordered, That Mr. Taylor write to the people of Monokin and Wico- 
mico, exciting them to their duty to pay what they promise to Mr. McNish. 

Ordered, That the next meeting be at Philadelphia, the second Tuesday of 
May next. 

Mr. Davis is to have his Presbyterial Exercise the next meeting, upon 
Heb. i. ver. 4th, and Mr. McNish upon verse the 5th. 

Ordered, That the meeting be adjourned till Monday, at eight in the 
morning. 

May 26th. 

Mr. McNish's letter to the people of New Castle read and sustained. 

Mr. Davis and Mr. Wilson's letter to the people of Freehold read and sus- 
tained. 

Mr. Andrews and Mr. Hampton's letters to Connecticut read and sus- 
tained.* 

* May 24, 1708. 
To Mr. Davenport, Mr. Webb, Mr. Shove, and Mr. Buckingham. 
Reverend Brethren, 

Through the good providence of our Lord Jesus Christ assisting us, we, the minis- 
ters of the gospel, of the Presbyterian persuasion, in this province and those adjacent, 
taking into our serious consideration the case and circumstances of our holy religion in 
these parts, have, to our great toil and labour, and great difficulty to divers of us, by 
reason of our great distance from one another, formed ourselves into a Presbytery, an- 
nually to be convened, for the furthering and promoting the true interests of religion 
and godliness. In which our undertaking, as we would not have any thing should be 
advanced that may be justly disgustful to any pious soul, but the contrary, so it is our 
universal desire to walk in the nearest union and fellowship with the churches in those 
parts where you inhabit, not knowing any difference in opinion so weighty as to inhibit 
such a proposal, not doubting of your cordial assent thereunto. And for a testimony of 
our sincerity and real intentions to act as has been mentioned, we conclude it convenient 
to lay before you one difficult matter that has been, (to our great trouble and exercise,) 
laid before us, and also what has been our advice about it ; holding it proper so to do, 
because yourselves have been concerned in a transaction that has in some measure led 
into it. We find by divers letters that have passed between you and sundry persons in 
Woodbridgc, that you are not unacquainted with the confusions and distractions arising 
from the accession of Mr. Wade to be the minister of that town, and the aversion of a 
considerable part of the people to the accepting of him as such, and therefore need only 
mention what we, after mature deliberation and consultation have advised for the hol- 
ing the differences among them, upon the application of those that disagree with Mr. 
Wade made unto us, concluding that if their contentions and animosities continue, it 
may be of unhappy consequence, viz. That Mr. Boyd, minister of Freehold, should, if de- 
sired by the dissenting party, (which, for distinction, may be so termed,) come and preach 
at Woodbridge one Lord's day every three weeks, in the public meeting house there, if 
it may, as we hope it will, be admitted; and if it be not allowed of, to prevent any open 
and visible breach as much as can be, that he should preach at Amboy, or any other 
place agreed upon, provided it be not within the town of Woodbridge, and have left it to 
their liberty and discretion, according to the light of their consciences, guided by the 
infallible word of God, either to join or not to join with Mr. Wade in the time of Mr. 
Boyd's absence. This we thought, after a great deal of perplexity about it, to be all 
that we could propose at present for the satisfying the gentlemen that have requested 
our help and counsel, and as the most ready expedient we could think upon, in the pre- 
sent exigency of affairs among them for their mutual reconciliation and comfort. More- 
over, as you have been employed in Mr. Wade's fixing there, and we hope with sincere 
aims at the good of the place, so long groaning under the unhappiness of the want of a 
settled ministry, so we humbly conceive you are in duty bound in a special manner to 
.put to your helping hand to rescue them from the miserable inconveniences that now 
they labour under, by all the ways that you can, to which we hope your advice for mu- 
tual forbearanee may have much force. The disadvantages by such things as these ad- 
ministered to the power and life of religion and our common cause, with the occasion 
given to them that would rejoice in our ruin, we need not inform of, and therefore pro- 
mise ourselves nothing will be wanting on your part for accommodating these differ- 
ences. And in the mean time we request your charitable constructions upon what we 



12 MINUTES OF THE 

Mr. Wilson and Mr. Andrews' letter to the people of Woodbridge read 
and sustained. 

Mr. Taylor's letter to the people of Wicomico read and sustained. 

At a meeting of the Presbytery at Philadelphia, 

May 10, 1709, post preces sederunt, 

Ministers : Mr. John Wilson, Mr. Jedediah Andrews, Mr. Nath. Taylor, 
Mr. George McNish, Mr. John Hampton, and Mr. Joseph Smith. 

Elders : Joseph Yard, John Gardner, Alexander Bell, William Fosset, and 
Robert Wilson. 

Mr. Andrews was chosen Moderator, and Mr. Smith, Clerk to the Pres- 
bytery. 

Ordered, That Mr. Hampton write to the people of Cohanzy to perform 
their obligations to Mr. Smith. 

It was complained of that Mr. Davis did not perform his part at the inau- 
guration of Mr. Hampton. 

The business of Mr. Wilson, referring to New Castle, deferred till the next 
sederunt, and also relating to Apoquinimy. 

It was also objected against Mr. Davis, that he did not preach at Apoqui- 
nimy according to order. 

The Rev. Mr. John Boyd being dead, what relates to him ceases. 

The Presbytery adjourned till nine o'clock to-morrow. 

May 11, sessione 2da, post preces sederunt, &c. 

Mr. Hampton, according to order, performed his part in writing to the 
people of Cohanzy, and the letter was approven. 

The Presbytery adjourned till 3 o'clock, post merid. 

Sessione 4ta. post preces sederunt, ministers, Sic. 

Ordered, That Mr. Davis be writ to, and that the letter be writ by Mr. 
Taylor, for his absence and other delinquencies, not preaching at Apoquinimy, 
not delivering his Presbyterial exercise. 

Ordered, That every letter sent by the Presbytery be inserted into a book 
appointed by the Presbytery for that purpose, and that this be done by Mr. 
Andrews. 

Ordered, That Mr. Davis prepare his Presbyterial exercise on Heb. i. 4, 
(as was formerly appointed by the Presbytery,) against the next meeting of 
the Presbytery, and that this be signified by Mr. Taylor's letter to him.* 

Ordered, That Mr. Wilson preach at Apoquinimy once a month till the 
next meeting upon a week day, and one Sabbath in a quarter till the aforesaid 
meeting, provided always, that the Sabbath day's sermon be taken from the 
Whitclay Creek people, their time. 

Ordered, That Mr. Smith go to the people of Maidenhead and Hopewell, 
and confer with them on such matters as shall be propounded to him by them, 
concerning his being called to be their minister; and that Mr. Smith preach 
to the people aforesaid, on his way to New England, or return from it, or 



have directed unto, in so difficult a matter, if it do not prove to be according - to your 
own sentiments, seeing it is according to the best of our light. Thus hoping that our 
churches and ourselves, in this dark part of the world, shall be remembered in your sup- 
plications unto that God in whom are all our springs, and from whom is all help, direc- 
tion, and success, we subscribe ourselves your brethren in the work of the gospel. — 
[Letter Book.] 



PRESBYTERY OF PHILADELPHIA. 13 

both; and that this be intimated to Mr. Smith, and the people aforesaid be 
writ to by Mr. Andrews. 

The Presbytery is adjourned to nine o'clock to-morrow morning. 

4/o. Scssione ante merid. 

Post preces sederunt, Mr. Jedediah Andrews, moderator, &c. 
The letter to Mr. Davis was writ, read, and approved. 
Ordered, That a draught of a letter be drawn up to New Castle by Mr. 
Wilson and Mr. McNish. 

The Presbytery adjourned till 3 o'clock, post merid. 

5ta. sederunt post merid. 

Precibus peractis, sederunt, fyc. 

A letter from Woodbridge read ; and resolved that an answer be written to 
them by Mr. Wilson. 

A letter from the people of Monokin and Wicomico read and seriously 
considered. A call also sent from them to Mr. McNish, was not accepted by 
him. Resolved, that a letter be writ to them hereupon by Mr. Taylor. Or- 
dered also, that Mr. McNish preach only every third Sabbath to those of 
Wicomico. 

Ordered, next sederunt at 2 o'clock, post merid. 

6ta. sederunt. 

Mr. McNish delivered his Presbyterial exercise and was approved. 

New Castle affair debated, and a letter to them agreed on.* 

Ordered, That a letter be written in concert with that from New-England, to 
Sir Edmund Harrison, by Mr. Wilson and Mr. Andrews. 

Also, that a letter be written to Mr. Mather and other ministers at Boston, 
to thank them for their concurrence with us. 

Adjourned till Monday, 9 o'clock, ante merid. 



* To the people of New Castle. 

May 1709. 

Out of a Christian compassion that we have towards you, we cannot but commiserate 
your present circumstances, and are heartily sorry for the misunderstanding that is be- 
tween you and Mr. Wilson; as also for the difference that is between you and our 
Christian friends in the country. We would be glad to fall upon a healing method to 
remedy these unhappy divisions. And gentlemen, you may be assured, that whatsoever 
(in duty,) lies within the compass of our power shall not be wanting ; but after second 
thoughts and a due sense of your condition, we fear that such changes as are set on foot 
among you in the present circumstances concerning a minister, may prove detrimental 
to your and our common interest, especially when we take notice that nothing particular 
has been offered to us by you concerning our brother Mr. Wilson, why he may not con- 
tinue in his pastoral charge and function among you as formerly. A general dissatisfac- 
tion is the principal thing, (it seems,) which is pretended both in your letter to us, and 
by your and our friend, Mr. Janvier. However, out of tender respect to you, we have 
according to desire, presented Mr. McNish with your call, which he, for reasons given 
you by himself, cannot at present comply with. We beseech you, gentlemen, to put 
favourable constructions upon what we do, and that in truth and sincerity we desire and 
pray for, and endeavour your spiritual and eternal welfare ; but yourselves may easily 
see that the smallness of our number, the particular engagements that every one of us 
lie under already, render your supply any other way than by our brother Mr. Wilson, at 
least at present, impracticable. And therefore, we entreat, nay require you in the Lord, 
to concur with us; lay aside all prejudices; struggle not too much with providential, una- 
voidable difficulties; be submissive, which is a truly Christian temper ; trust in God, use 
patient endeavours, and expect without doubting a comfortable issue, which we hope for 
and shall constantly endeavour. Subscribing ourselves, 

Yours in the work of the Gospel, &c. — [Letter Book.] 
2 



14 MINUTES OF THE 

Horci 9na. ante mend, post preces sederunt, fyc. 

Mr. Wilson and Mr. Andrews' letter to Sir Edmund Harrison, read and 
approved, and committed to Mr. Andrews to transmit it to London.* 

Mr. Hampton's letter to Mr. Mather and others, in Boston, was read and 
approved ; ordered that Mr. Andrews have the sending of it. 

Mr. Taylor's letter to Mr. Davis, and another to Monokin and Wicomico, 
were read and approved. 

Ordered, That no members of this Presbytery, upon any whatever pre- 
tence, do depart or leave the Presbytery, without the meeting be broke up, 
or at least leave be asked and had from the Presbytery. 



* To Sir Edmund Harrison. 

May, 1709. 

Honourable Sir, 

The distressed condition of these Provinces, with respect to religion, in which the 
providence of God has cast our lot, has moved us to apply to the Reverend Ministers of 
Boston, in New-England, to join with us in addressing yourself, and other charitable 
gentlemen in London, to consider the state of these countries, and to implore your help 
and assistance for promoting the interest of our glorious Lord. To our great satisfaction 
they have readily complied with our desire, and have drawn up and signed a letter par- 
ticularly directed to yourself. And that we for our parts may not be wanting, being 
informed of that public excellent spirit in you, famed both for piety and prudence, do 
likewise address ourselves unto your honour upon the same account. The negotiation 
began and encouraged by a fund, in the time when our worthy friend Mr. McKemie, 
(now deceased,) was with you, for evangelizing these colonies, was a business exceed- 
ingly acceptable to a multitude of people, and was likely to have been of great service 
if continued, which makes us much grieved that so valuable a design was, so soon after 
its beginning, laid aside. The necessity of carrying on the same affair being as great, if not 
greater now, than it was then, we hope that our patriots [patrons?] in London, will revive 
so good and important a work, and not let it lie buried under the ashes, but that some sui- 
table method will be taken that it may be set on foot again. Unto whom can we apply 
ourselves more fitly than unto our fathers, who have been extolled in the reformed 
churches for their large bounty and benevolence in their necessities. We doubt not, but 
if the sum of about two hundred pounds per annum, were raised for the encouragement 
of ministers in these parts, it would enable ministers and people to erect eight congrega- 
tions, and ourselves put in better circumstances than hitherto we have been. We are at 
present seven ministers, most of whose outward affairs are so straitened as to crave relief, 
unto which, if two or three more were added, it would greatly strengthen our interest, 
which does miserably suffer, as things at present are among us. Sir, if we shall be sup- 
plied with ministers from you, which we earnestly desire ; with your benevolence to the 
value abovesaid, you may be assured of our fidelity and Christian care in distributing it 
to the best ends and purposes we can, so as we hope we shall be able to give a just and 
fair account for every part of it to yourself and others, by our letters to you. It is well 
known what advantages the Missionaries from England have of us, from the settled fund 
of their Church, which not only liberally supports them here, but encourages so many 
insolences both against our persons and interests, which sorrowfully looking on, we can- 
not but lament and crave your remedy. That our evangelical affairs may be the better 
managed, we have formed ourselves into a Presbytery, annually to be convened at this 
city ; at which times it is a sore distress and trouble unto us, that we are not able to com- 
ply with the desires of sundry places, crying unto us for ministers to deal forth the word 
of life unto them; therefore we most earnestly beseech you, in the bowels of our Lord, 
to intercede with the ministers of London, and other well affected gentlemen, to extend 
their charity and pity to us, to carry on so necessary and glorious a work; otherwise 
many people will remain in a perishing condition as to spiritual things. In so doing, 
your humble supplicants shall ever pray that the blessings of God's throne and footstool 
may be conferred upon you and them. 

r. S. The death of that worthy and honourable person, the Lord Lovelace, we are 
afraid will prove detrimental to our interest ; and we could wish that his place were filled 
again with a person of such a spirit and temper as he appeared to be of. We desire that 
what you shall please to transmit to us, as to letters or otherwise, may be directed unto 
Mr. Andrews, or in his absence to Mr. David Giffing and Mr. William Allen, in Phila- 
delphia. — [Letter Book.] 



PRESBYTERY OF PHILADELPHIA. 15 

Ordered, That our next meeting be at Philadelphia, on the third Tuesday of 
September, 1710. And that Mr. Hampton prepare his Presbyterial exercise 
against that time, from Heb. i. 6. 

At a Presbytery held at Philadelphia, 

September 20, 1710. Post preces sederunt. 

Mr. John Wilson, Mr. Jedediah Andrews, Mr. George McNish, Mr. John 
Hampton, ministers. 

Mr. John Gardner, Mr. Joseph Yard, Mr. Alexander Brown, Mr. Benja- 
min Aidlett, elders. 

It being put to the vote who should be moderator, carried for Mr. George 
McNish; and also voted for the clerk, carried for John Hampton. 

The Presbytery met to-day, though yesterday was appointed, because the 
members were not come together before this day. 

Mr. Hampton, according to order, delivered his Presbyterial exercise, and 
the same was approved of. 

Upon the desire of the Rev. Mr. John Henry to be admitted a member of 
this Presbytery, having given due satisfaction by testimonials to the Presby- 
tery, he was, according to desire, admitted. 

At the desire also of Mr. James Anderson, he was admitted, upon producing 
sufficient testimonials of his abilities and qualifications for the ministerial 
work, and that he was duly licensed and ordained thereunto. 

The Presbytery adjourned to eight o'clock, to-morrow morning. 

Die Jovis, 2da. sederunt post preces. 

After mature and deliberate consideration of the Rev. Mr. Wade's case, 
that has been long under our consideration, he now offering himself and desir- 
ing to be a member of this Presbytery, was admitted, having satisfied, by 
letters and testimonials, and personal arguing, that his proceedings have been 
such as to give just ground for his acceptance. 

A committee consisting of Mr. Wilson, Andrews, Hampton, appointed to 
meet at two o'clock, to inquire into Mr. Morgan's and Van Vleck's affair, 
and prepare it for the Presbytery. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, post merid. 

Post preces, 3a. sederunt, fyc. 

The committee, according to order, inquired into Mr. Morgan's case, and 
made report thereof unto the Presbytery. And after debating thereupon, and 
having put it to vote, it was carried in the affirmative to admit said Morgan 
as a member of this Presbytery. 

The committee reported Mr. Van Vleck's case, and after serious debating 
thereon, put it to the vote, admit him a member of the Presbytery or not, and 
it was carried in the affirmative. 

Memorandum: Upon the admission of these ministers above mentioned: 
three elders more sat in the Presbytery, namely, Mr. Pierce Bray, Mr. John 
Foord, and Mr. Lenard Van Degrift. 

A committee consisting of Mr. Henry, Mr. Anderson, and Mr. Wade, ap- 
pointed to prepare and bring in overtures to the Presbytery, and also take 
cognizance of whatever may be laid before them, to prepare it for the Pres- 
bytery. f 

Adjourned to nine o'clock to-morrow morning. 

Die veneris ante meridiem 4, sederunt, fyc. post preces. 
Upon information that David Evan, a lay person, had taken upon him 



16 MINUTES OF THE 

publicly to teach or preach among the Welch in the Great Valley, Chester 
county, it was unanimously agreed that the said Evan had done very ill, and 
acted irregularly in thus invading the work of the ministry, and was there- 
upon censured. 

Agreed that the most proper method for advancing David Evan in neces- 
sary literature to prepare him for the work of the ministry is, that he lay 
aside all other business for a twelve month, and apply himself closely to 
learning and study, under the direction of Mr. Andrews, and with the assist- 
ance of Mr. Wilson and Anderson, and that it be left to the discretion of the 
said ministers when to put said Evan on trials, and license him publicly to 
teach or preach. 

Ordered, That Mr. Wilson write to the Welch, in the Welch Tract, and 
Mr. Andrews to those in the Great Valley. 

A call from the good people of Rehoboth, in Maryland, to the Rev. Mr. 
Henry, presented by Mr. Pierce Bray before the Presbytery, and his answer 
deferred till afternoon. 

Adjourned to three o'clock, post meridiem. 

The call to Mr. Henry came under consideration, and being again pro- 
posed to his acceptance, he accepted thereof. 

The letter to the Great Valley, writ by Mr. Andrews, read and approved. 

It being reported that one Walter Kerr defamed the Presbytery, and Mr. 
Morgan, minister to said Kerr, desiring advice therein how to behave, it was 
referred to the said Mr. Morgan to take cognizance of the offence, and to act 
either by private or public censure, as the nature of the thing should appear 
to him, and that report thereof be made next meeting. 

Ordered, That the ministers and elders of the meeting come prepared for 
the future to give a true and impartial account how matters^ire mutually be- 
twixt them both, with regard to spirituals and temporals. 

Ordered, That two letters be writ to Woodbridge, to the two parries there- 
of, by Mr. Wilson, Andrews, and Hampton. 

Mr. Morgan has obtained leave to return home on sufficient reasons offered. 

Mr. Brown, from the people of Monokin and Wicomico, moved for Mr. 
McNish's answering to the call formerly presented to him, and his answer 
was delayed till to-morrow or Monday. 

Adjourned till to-morrow, nine o'clock. 

Mr. Wilson writ to the people of Welch Tract, and was sustained. 

Ordered, That Mr. Hampton and Mr. Davis preach the admission ser- 
mons of Mr. John Henry, at Rehoboth. 

Mr. Henry and Mr. McNish appointed to preach to-morrow, being the 
Lord's day, and Mr. Anderson on Monday. 

Adjourned to eight o'clock, Monday morning. 

Letters writ to Woodbridge by Mr. Wilson, Andrews, Hampton, read and 
sustained.* 

* To our Christian friends in Woodbridge, with whom the Rev. Mr. Wade is concerned. 

September, 1710. 
Christian Friends, 

We salute you heartily in the Lord, wishing you grace, mercy, and peace, &c. 
Your Reverend Pastor, and our beloved brother, Mr. Wade, having offered himself to 
be a member of our Presbytery, we have, after due deliberation, accordingly accepted 
of him, in hopes that the issue thereof may tend to the glory of God and good of his- 
Church, and contribute to the union and reconciliation of the good people of VVoodbridore 
srnong themselves, as it doth in a particular manner unite them to us. Therefore, we 



PRESBYTERY OF PHILADELPHIA. 17 

Mr. McNish and Brown's affair came under consideration, and it was fur- 
ther delayed till afternoon. 

Adjourned to three o'clock, afternoon. 

Ordered, That Mr. Henry write to the Presbytery of Dublin. 

Ordered, That Mr. Wilson and Mr. Anderson write to the Synod of 
Glasgow. 

Mr. McNish's affair further delayed till to-morrow morning. 

Ordered, That a letter be writ to Dr. Tongue, at London, by the mode- 
rator. 

Adjourned to nine o'clock, to-morrow. 

The letters to Glasgow and Dublin read and sustained.* 

beseech you on your parts, as we have your brethren and neighbours on their parts, to 
study with all care and diligence, unity, peace, and holiness, and that all division and 
animosity by-past may be entirely buried, by avoiding and shunning all reflections and 
imprudent expressions or carriage, that in the least may tend to continue or aggravate 
your unhappy divisions, or hinder that true Christian communion and fellowship which 
is the ornament of our holy religion. Behold, how good and how pleasant it is for bre- 
thren to dwell together in unity ! Thus committing you to God and the word of his 
grace, which is able to build you up, we remain your servants for Christ's sake. — [Let- 
ter Book.] 

To our Christian friends that at present are dissatisfied with Mr. Wade. 

September, 1710. 
Dear and Christian Friends, 

We have had your friendly letter presented us by our Rev. Brother, Mr. McNish, 
and took it into our most serious consideration, and desire to use all manner of con- 
scientious tenderness, hoping that you will look upon our whole design to be for the 
glory of God, and propagation of the gospel among you, beseeching you that our ad- 
vice be not, by any person misunderstood, as if we had any other thing in our view 
than what we have already mentioned, expecting that it may have its due weight with 
pious and thinking souls. The Rev. Mr. Nathaniel Wade made application to the Presby- 
tery to be admitted a member thereof, upon which we deliberately debated, and made a 
narrow scrutiny into matters as they appeared to us, and found by his certificates that 
his ordination was good and valid according to Scripture rules, and also that he had a 
call and subscriptions even from some of yourselves, with several other recommendations 
from persons whose integrity we could not suspect. And nothing appearing to his dis- 
advantage sufficiently attested, we judged it unjust to deny his desire, which seemed to 
us to flow from sincere intentions of being more useful and doing greater good, he hav- 
ing freely and fully submitted himself to the judgment and discipline of the Church 
according to Presbytery, and also to the meeting in particular, to whom he and his peo- 
ple now stand in relation. Therefore, beloved in the Lord, having thus acted sincerely 
and used our best endeavours to determine things most justly and fairly, we do recom- 
mend to you tenderness, Christian love and affection, and for evidence thereof we can 
do no other than declare it to be our judgment that you do, (since you do professedly 
own this judicatory,) so far countenance our determination as to have a care of any thing 
that looks like dissension or separation, but the contrary. And we do likewise, in the 
bowels of Christ, (knowing how much the interest of godliness is concerned in it,) with 
all tenderness and love, exhort you to study peace and unity among your neighbours, and 
to have a conscientious care not to weaken the hands of Mr. Wade in the work of the 
ministry. And that this duty of love and peace may be the more effectually promoted 
and practised among you, we have also sent our exhortatory letter to your neighbours, 
that nothing may be wanting on their part, which, together with this, we hope may be 
of a cementing use. Thus recommending you to the care and guidance of the Father of 
Lights, we conclude, and remain your cordial well-wishers. — [Letter Book.] 

* The Presbytery met at Philadelphia to the Rev. Presbytery of Dublin, wisheth grace, 
mercy, peace, (the bond of fellowship,) and prosperity in the gospel of the Lord Jesus. 

September, 1710. 
Rev. and dear Brethren in the Lord, 

By a letter from the Rev. Mr. Alexander Sinclare, a member of your society, dated 
November, 1709, and directed to Mr. John Henry, one of our number, we find you de- 
2* 



13 MINUTES OF THE 

The matter betwixt Mr. Brown and McNish with relation to the people 
of Monokin, came again to be considered, and Mr. McNish agreed to go 
down some time before winter to Monokin, and in the mean time to write to 
them, which the Presbytery have agreed unto; and then Mr, McNish to 
give his answer to their call. 



sire a correspondence may be settled and continued from time to time, than the which 
nothing- can be more acceptable to us poor scattered and far dispersed labourers in our 
Lord's vineyard. As also you desire an account of our ecclesiastical affairs, and pro- 
mise all the assistance yourselves can afford, or procure by interest from others. The 
former we are ready to give, and for the latter we are grateful. 

As to the state of the Church in these parts, our interest truly is very weak, and we 
cannot relate this matter without sorrow of heart, since it is too much owing to the ne- 
glect of ministers at home. Our late Rev. Brother Mr. Francis McKemie, prevailed with 
the ministers of London lo undertake the support of two itinerants for the space of two 
years, and after that time to send two more upon the same condition, allowing the former 
after that time to settle, which, if accomplished, had proved of more than credible advan- 
tage to these parts, considering how far scattered most of the inhabitants be. But, alas T 
they drew back their hand, and we have reason to lament their deficiency. Had our 
friends at home been equally watchful and diligent as the Episcopal society at London, 
our interest in most foreign plantations probably might have carried the balance, In all 
Virginia there is but one small congregation at Elizabeth River, and some few families 
favouring our way in Rappahanock and York. In Maryland only four, in Pennsylvania 
five, and in the Jerseys two, which bounds with some places of New York, makes up 
all the bounds we have any members from, and at present some of these be vacant. Not 
long ago there was a probability of doing more good in Maryland before episcopacy was 
established by law, and at present is in Pennsylvania, the East and West Jerseys, and 
some places of New York, if the occasion also be not slipped. As for ecclesiastical 
affairs in other places, we shall not here trouble you with, being not perfectly acquainted 
therewith ourselves. That then, Reverend and dear Brethren, which at present we would 
humbly, for the sake of Christ's interest, make the subject of our address unto you is, 
that of your zealous Christian, and religious charity to the mystical body of the blessed 
Jesus, you would raise one sixty pound to support an able well approved of young man 
from yourselves as an itinerant in these parts, among the dispersed children of God for a 
year, after which time we doubt not but he may be settled comfortably. This we have 
used our interest in London for, in the hands of the Rev. Mr. Calamy, which we expecty 
according to promise from the Rev. Mr. Sinelare, you will use yours also to forward. 
And in the mean time not be wanting to answer our former request. Thus, not making 
the least doubt but this our letter shall have the desired answer, we subscribe ourselves, 
by our representative, your well wishers in the Lord. — [Letter Book.\ 

The Presbytery met at Philadelphia, to the Right Reverend Synod of Glasgow. 

September, 1710. 
Right Reverend,. 

Hoping you are in part acquainted with the circumstances of our interest in these 
American plantations, and persuading ourselves of your readiness to contribute both by 
advice and otherways for the general good of Christianity in these poor neglected pro- 
vinces, we have unanimously judged it, (knowing none so proper to apply unto, and re- 
pose our confidence in, as yourselves, our Reverend Brethren of the Church of Scotland, 
whom we sincerely honour and affectionately esteem as fathers,) our duty, for strengthen- 
ing our interest in the service of the gospel, to address you for your concurrence with us 
in so great and good a work. We are not a little encouraged in these our applications, 
by a letter from the Rev. Mr. James Brown, of Glasgow, one of the members of the Rev. 
Synod, (to some of our good friends,) of your willingness to correspond with us, in what 
concerns the advancement of the Mediator's interest in these regions where our lot is 
fallen. We have, for some years past, formed ourselves into a Presbyterial meeting, an- 
nually convented at the city of Philadelphia, in Pennsylvania, and to our capacities, (con- 
sidering our infancy, paucity, and the many oppositions and discouragements we have all 
along struggled with,) taken what care we could that our meeting, (though small,) might 
be for the general good of religion in these parts. And we are thankful that by the Di- 
vine Providence our endeavours and poor essays have not been altogether in vain. The 
number of our ministers from the respective provinces is ten in all, three from .Maryland, 
five from Pennsylvania, and two from East Jersey. And we are in great expectation 



PRESBYTERY OF PHILADELPHIA. 19 

Next meeting appointed at Philadelphia, third Tuesday of September, 
1711. And that Mr. Henry and Mr. Anderson prepare their Presbyterial 
Exercises on 1 Heb. 7th and 8th verses. Mr. Henry on verse 7, and Mr. 
Anderson on verse 8. 

At a Presbytery held at Philadelphia, 

September 20, 1711. Post preces sederunt, 

Mr. John Wilson, Mr. Jedediah Andrews, Mr. George McNish, Mr. John 
Hampton, Mr. James Anderson, Mr. Nathaniel Wade, ministers. 

John Steel, Joseph Yard, Adam Spence, Segfrigus Alricks, Thomas Pike, 
elders. 

Mr. Andrews was clerk, and Mr. Wilson moderator. 

Mr. Henry's letter to excuse his not coming to the Presbytery read, and 
his excuse was sustained. 

Ordered, That the moderator write to him, and signify that his excuse was 
sustained with difficulty. 

Mr. Morgan and Mr. Van Vleck were absent, and no excuse given or sent. 

Ordered, That Mr. Andrews write to them to reprehend them for their 
absence. 

Appointed that David Evan's affair, in relation to his proficiency in learn- 
ing be considered. 

Because of Mr. Morgan's absence, no report was given of that affair of 
Walter Kerr, spoken of in the minutes of the former year. » 

The minute relating to the giving account of the mutual concerns of minis- 
ters and people referred to next sederunt. 

Mr. Davis and Mr. Hampton preached the admission sermons of Mr. Henry 
according to appointment. 

Upon a certain emergency the Presbytery met a day later than appoint- 
ment. 

Adjourned to 8 o'clock, to-morrow morning. 

21 sessione 2da. die veneris. 
Inquiry was made of the several ministers, touching the state of their con- 



that some from other places may be encouraged to join us hereafter. We have thought 
good further to represent to the Rev. Synod, the desolate condition of sundry vacant 
places who have applied to us for a supply of ministers, who express their Christian de- 
sire of enjoying the public administrations of the gospel purely, but to their and our grief 
they are not in a capacity to provide a competent maintenance for the support of minis- 
ters without being beholden to the Christian assistance of others, at least for some time. 
We are sorry in our present circumstances we can neither answer their requests by sup- 
plying them with ministers, nor contributing towards their outward support, some of our- 
selves being considerably straitened. May it therefore please the pious and Rev. Synod, 
in compassion to the desolate souls in America, perishing for want of vision, to send over 
one or more ministers, and to support them for longer or shorter time. This will be a 
work very worthy of persons of your character, a strengthening to us and our interest, 
and a matter of singular comfort to all the sincere lovers of our Lord Jesus Christ. We 
further represent, that according to the best of our judgment, forty pounds sterling, an- 
nually paid in Scotland, to be transmitted in goods, will be a competency for the support 
of each minister you send, provided that of your pious and Christian benevolence you 
suitably fit them out. And after they have here laboured in the Lord's vineyard a year 
or two, we are in good hopes that they will find such comfortable encouragement as may 
induce them to settle among us without giving you further trouble for their support. 
Thus recommending ourselves and affairs to your Christian concern and hearty prayers, 
expecting your ready concurrence with us in these representations and desires for the 
public good and interest of the gospel, and praying for the rich blessing of heaven upon 
yourselves, and success in your undertakings for Christ's Church, we remain your affec- 
tionate brethren and fellow labourers in the work of the Lord. — [Letter Book.} 



20 MINUTES OF THE 

gregations and of themselves, with relation thereto ; and also of the several 
elders, not only of the measures taken to support the ministry, but of the life, 
conversation, and doctrine of their several ministers, and report was given to 
satisfaction for this time. 

Mr. McNish's affair in reference to Patuxent, deferred till another time. 

Appointed that the Moderator and Mr. Andrews write to the people of 
Cohanzy, in relation to Mr. Exell. 

Mr. Wade's case deferred till the afternoon. 

Adjourned to 3 o'clock, afternoon. 

Post Merid. 

Messrs. McNish, Hampton, and Wade, appointed to inspect into the profi- 
ciency of David Evan. 

Adjourned till 9 o'clock, to-morrow. 

22 Die Saturni. 

Mr. Wade's case was reassumed. 

The Moderator and Mr. Hampton appointed to draw up a form of words, 
which Mr. Wade is to use in the public reversing the sentence, publickly 
passed by him against John Ilsley and William Sharp.* 

Messrs. Andrews, McNish, and Hampton, ordered to read the papers, rela- 
ting to Mr. Wade's business, and to make report the next sederunt. 

Adjourned till 10 o'clock on Monday. 

24 Die Luyicb. 

Messrs. Andrews, McNish, and Hampton, did what was appointed relating 
to the papers concerning Mr. Wade's case, and made report accordingly. 

Mr. McNish's case came under consideration, and 'twas determined to 
leave his affair respecting Jamaica and Patuxent to himself, with advice not to 
delay fixing himself somewhere. 

Mr. Anderson was defective in not delivering his Presbyterial exercise, 
was censured for his defect, and appointed to deliver it the next meeting. 

Adjourned to 4 o'clock, afternoon. 

Post Merid. 
The Moderator and Mr. Andrews writ the letter to Cohanzy, and it was 
approved.! 



-, 1711. 



* A form of words appointed to be read for reversing a censure passed by Mr. Wade, 
against John Ilsley and William Sharp, as followeth : 

Whereas some time ago, a censure of too high a nature has been here past against 
John Ilsley and William Sharp, (though we cannot altogether excuse them, especially 
the former,) I do now upon good ground and satisfaction given, declare that the same 
persons, John Ilsley and William Sharp, are cleared from said censure, and now received 
into full communion as formerly before such censure, with this church, and all persons 
are accordingly to take notice thereof. 

t A Letter to the people of Cohanzy. 

September, 1711. 
Dear and Christian Friends : 

From our sincere regard to your spiritual and everlasting welfare, we have taken 
into our most serious consideration, your state and condition, as at present circumstanced, 
and could not but think it our incumbent duty, to lay before you what have been our 
thoughts thereupon. We could have wished you had taken better advised steps for your 
provision, as to the ministry, for we fear your present supply will not answer your expec- 
tation. As for the gentleman, that has for sorae time preached among you, though we 
wish him no harm, but all the good he can reasonably desire; yet we have such respect 
to the honour of the Gospel in general and yourselves in particular, that, by the best 



PRESBYTERY OF PHILADELPHIA. 21 

The committee gave hi their report concerning David Evan, and do ap- 
prove of his hopeful proficiency. 

Several papers offered by John Ilsley in relation to Mr. Wade, not being 
thought proper to be discussed by this meeting, the said papers were deliv- 
ered to him again, in concurrence with his own desire. 

Adjourned to 8 o'clock, to-morrow morning. 

25 Die Martis. 

The Moderator and Mr. Andrews wrote the letter to Monokin, and 'twas 
approved. 

Adjourned to 3 o'clock, afternoon. 

Post Merid. 

Mr. Wade's business further discoursed about. 

Adjourned til 9 o'clock, to-morrow morning. 

26 Die Mercurii. 

Ordered, That Mr. Wilson do supply the people of Patuxent four Sab- 
baths, Mr. Henry four Sabbaths, and Mr. Hampton is left to himself to supply 
sometime if he can. 

Ordered, That Mr. Wilson in his letter to Mr. Henry, signify the appoint- 
ment of the Presbytery, concerning his supplying at Patuxent. 

This day our Reverend Brother, Mr. Wade, being asked if he had any 
thing further to offer in relation to Woodbridge, he did freely and of himself, 
make the following offer, viz : Whereas he had, with the greatest seriousness, 
for a long time truly lamented the many and unhappy jarrings among the 
people of Woodbridge ; and that he might be no longer a bone of contention, 
did (out of a sense of the glory of God, the good of that people, and his own 
future quiet,) propose it, as the most healing method, that he, by the consent 
of the Presbytery, would cheerfully demit and resign up all pastoral relation 
to the whole people of Woodbridge, heartily wishing that they may unite in 
calling another minister, that the Presbytery shall approve of. And Mr. Wade 
further proposed, that in the meantime, till they be supplied, the Presbytery 
do take care that they may not be left destitute of help. 

Mr. Van Vleck's excuse with respect to his absence, was sustained, he 
being disabled by sickness, as one of his elders reported, being sent for that 
purpose. 

Agreed, That the Presbytery take a specimen of David Evan's knowledge 
in Divinity the next sederunt. 

Adjourned to 3 o'clock, afternoon. 

Post Merid. 

After serious deliberation, we are come to this conclusion, that the propo- 
sal made by the Rev. Mr. Wade, concerning the demitting of his pastoral 
charge at Woodbridge, is the only effectual method for the healing all the 
breaches among the people of Woodbridge; and therefore do heartily concur 
with him in it, and accept of it as a truly proper and Christian expedient, and 



account we have of him, we do not judge him a suitable person to preside in the minis- 
terial function among you. He was invited to be present at our meeting, but he neither 
came nor sent, which intimates either a contempt or supine neglect of ecclesiastical judi- 
catories. We have been informed concerning some printed papers dispersed by him 
among the people, which papers we cannot approve of, as containing abundance of gross 
errors, so far as they are intelligible, and a great part consisting of nonsense and self- 
contradictions, which is obvious to any judicious observer. We thought it fit to discharge 
our consciences, in endeavouring to guard you against those things which we judge pre- 
judicial to truth and your souls' happiness; and do assure you, that what lies within the 
compass of our power, in order to your comfortable settlement, shall not be wanting from 

Your souls' well-wishers.— [Letter Book.] 



22 MINUTES OF THE 

do henceforth allow the good people of Woodbridge to supply themselves with 
another pastor as soon as they can, and in the mean time accept of and improve 
such supply as shall be offered. 

Mr. Wade ordered to supply during the vacancy. 

Agreed, That none should be allowed to vote for the calling of a minister, 
but those that shall contribute for the maintenance of him, and that the major 
vote of those shall be determinative. 

Ordered, ^hat Mr. McNish do read the form of words drawn up at the 
appointment of the Presbytery, for the reversing the censure against John 
llsley and William Sharpe, publicly at the meeting house in Woodbridge. 

Ordered, That Mr. Hampton and Anderson write a letter to the people of 
Woodbridge. 

The letter appointed to be writ to Patuxent, was read and approved. 

Adjourned till 9 o'clock, to-morrow. 

27 Die Jovis. 

Upon the desire of the people of Maidenhead and Hopewell, signified by 
Mr. William Yard, for our assisting them in getting a minister, it was agreed, 
that in case the people of Maidenhead and Hopewell are not engaged with 
Mr. Sacket, that they use all opportunities they have for a speedy supply, and 
apply themselves to the neighbouring ministers for assistance in getting a 
minister for them. 

The letter to Woodbridge read and approved.* 

* A Letter to the Christian People at Woodbridge. 

September ', 1711. 

Dear and Christian Friends : 

The unhappy divisions and contentions that have been long among you, to our great 
grief and concern, having been again laid before us, with all diligence and care, we did 
again take them into consideration, and indeed found no small matter of sorrow, trouble, 
and vexation; and after spending much time could not, without difficulty, come to any 
conclusions. 

Upon the whole matter, and after our serious reflections thereon, we cannot but with 
grief tell you, that we fear there has been fault on all bands, and that the most innocent 
have reason of self-condemnation ; how much others, then, that have been the unhappy 
causes, fomenters, and promoters of such unchristian distractions and animosities. Wo 
to them by whom offences come. Having mentioned this, we cannot pass on till in the 
bowels of Christ we beseech and request you to look back and repent, to love and unite, 
in the true fear of God and the interest of his kingdom for the future. 

That we are in particular to inform you of, which (as we hope,) will prove an effectual 
remedy to all your unhappy dissensions is, that our reverend brother Mr. Nathaniel Wade, 
has of himself, freely and willingly, for the glory of God and the good of poor Wood- 
bridge, (as he and we both do hope,) demitted and resigned all pastoral relation unto, and 
interest in the whole people of Woodbridge ; so that he is not any longer to be looked on 
by you, but as a transient minister or occasional supply. We have, therefore, appointed 
him to be your present supply, until you can, by the majority of the votes of such as con- 
tribute to the maintenance of a minister, provide yourselves with such an one, as we hope 
you will be unanimous in, and the Presbytery approve of at our next meeting. And 
Christian friends, we doubt not, but you are sensible that the labourer is worthy of his 
hire, and therefore hope you will not utterly neglect our Brother Wade, who is to be 
your present supply, so long as he continues such. We would in the last place advise 
that, as soon as conveniently you can, you do unanimously meet and consult on the most 
proper methods for settling the ministry among you; and that therein all private inte- 
rests, and needless contradictions, and divisions be laid aside, the glory of God and good 
of our souls purely aimed at and studied, and that you forsake not the assembling your- 
selves together. And thus we hope, by Christian prudence and moderation, you will 
bring things, by the good providence of God, to a happy issue and comfortable conclu- 
sion. And assure yourselves that we shall always be ready and willing to assist you to 
the utmost of our power, in the work of the Gospel among you. Now brethren, the God 
of Peace and Order be with you; direct, strengthen, and establish you, so prays, 

Yours, ice— [Lett tr Book.] 



PRESBYTERY OF PHILADELPHIA. 23 

Appointed, That David Evan preach under the direction and inspection of 
Messrs. Wilson, Andrews, and Anderson, till the next Presbytery. 

Ordered, That Mr. Wade and Mr. Morgan prepare their Presbyterial exer- 
cises against the next Presbytery, the former on the 9th the other on the 
10th verse of Heb. i. And that Mr. Wade intimate this appointment to Mr. 
Morgan. 

Next meeting appointed at Philadelphia, on the third Tuesday of Septem- 
ber, 1712. 

At a Presbytery held at Philadelphia, which began, 

September 17, 1712. Post preees sederunt, 

Ministers : Messrs. Jedediah Andrews, John Hampton, John Henry, James 
Anderson, Joseph Morgan, and Paul Van Vleck. 

Elders : Messrs. Joseph Yard, Isaac Piper, John Burges, Isaac Dilbeck. 

David Evan, a candidate, was chosen Clerk, and Mr. Jedediah Andrews, 
Moderator. 

The members not being come together yesterday, the Presbytery began 
this day. 

The roll being called over, our Rev. Brother, Mr. John Wilson, was taken 
away by death, and Messrs. Davis, McNish, and Wade, were absent. 

The Presbytery, after inquiry, are satisfied that Mr. Davis was necessarily 
absent this three years past; and it is ordered that Mr. Hampton and Mr. 
Henry do exhort him to attend for the future, or send sufficient excuse in 
writing. 

Mr. Morgan's reasons for not coming to the Presbytery last year were 
given and sustained. 

The business of Walter Kerr, mentioned in the year 1710, and continued 
the last year, being of so long a standing, and falling of itself, the Presbytery 
thought good to pass it Avithout any further notice. 

Touching the appointment made the last Presbytery for the supply of the 
people of Patuxent, it was complied with to satisfaction. 

Mr. Henry delivered his Presbyterial exercise that was appointed 1710, 
and was appro ven. 

One Mr. Bratton, a minister, who arrived in Maryland some time last fall, 
being detained by sickness that he could not attend the Presbytery, sent his 
certificate of his legal admission to the ministry, and it was approven. 

Mr. Robert Wilson, being commissioned, did present a letter from the peo- 
ple of Monokin and Wicomico, relating to their church affairs, in answer 
to a letter sent to them by us last year; and also a call to the Rev. Mr. 
Thomas Bratton, with a paper of subscriptions for his encouragement. 

And it is ordered that a letter be writ to the said Mr. Thomas Bratton, with 
respect to the said call, in favour of that people. 

Mr. Anderson ordered to write the letter. 

Adjourned till to-morrow, nine o'clock. 

18 Die Jovis, post preees, sederunt, fyc. 

Mr. McNish gave his reasons for not attending at the opening of Presby- 
tery, and they were accepted. 

Mr. Anderson writ the letter to Mr. Bratton, and it was approven. 

The order for inquiring into the mutual condition of ministers and people, 
was observed, and no complaint was made by any, except by Mr. Van Vleck 
with respect to the people of Neshaminy, which cause is now depending 

Adjourned till three o'clock, afternoon. 



24 MINUTES OF THE 

Post merid. post preces, sederunt, fyc. 
The business relating to Mr. Van Vleck and his people resumed. 
Adjourned to nine o'clock, to-morrow. 

19 Die veneris, post preces, fyc. 

The business relating to Mr. Van Vleck and his people, came again into 
consideration. 

Mr. Anderson delivered his Presbyterial exercise that was appointed him 
1710, and it was appro ven. 

Adjourned to half an hour after three in the afternoon. 

Post merid. post preces, tyc. 

The business concerning Mr. Van Vleck and his people, again taken into 
consideration. 

It was concluded that after the Presbytery had examined the several evi- 
dences brought in relation to the crime of bigamy, alleged against Mr. Van 
Vleck, as also the exceptions offered by the said Van Vleck against the evi- 
dences, and in vindication of himself, the Presbytery not finding the evidences 
clear and positive enough to prove the crime against him, and yet Mr. Van 
Vleck's vindication not sufficient to take off the scandal wholly, do therefore, 
till such time as Mr. Van Vleck bring satisfying proof of his first wife's 
death, for the honour of the gospel, advise that he do not officiate as a minis- 
ter of the gospel. To which advice he does willingly agree. 

Ordered, upon the whole, that a letter be writ to Mr. Van "Vleck's people, 
by the moderator and Mr. Hampton.* 

The Presbytery having seen Mr. George Gillespie's certificates, from the 
Presbytery of Glasgow, concerning his being licensed to preach, and his con- 
versation, did approve of them, and in case Providence make way for his 
ordination, by a call from any congregation before next Presbyter}-, Mr. An- 
drews, McNish, Anderson, and Morgan, are ordered to ordain him, and that 
one of the said members, or two, as they shall see fit, preach at the solemnity. 

A petition from the people of Whiteclay Creek was read. 

Adjourned to nine o'clock, to-morrow. 

20 Lie Saturni, post preces, <§>c. 
Two letters from the people of Woodbridge, and one from Mr. Wade, be- 
ing read, the business of that place was taken into consideration. 



* A letter to the people to whom Mr. Van Vleck did use to preach. 

September 19th, 1712. 

Christian Friends, 

We have had your melancholy affair relating to the difference between some of you 
and Mr. Van Vleck under serious consideration, and do sincerely lament the same, as 
being of that nature to hinder the progress of true religion and good of souls. 

We, after much pains and time spent about it, did agree to give it as our advice to Mr. 
Van Vleck, to desist from the exercise of his ministerial office until he vindicate himself 
from the grievous scandal that is so common, of his having two wives; which advice of 
ours he himself has willingly agreed unto, as the best way to take off and prevent, for 
the future, the reproach that its plain religion and godliness might otherwise lie under. 
And therefore we hope, Christian friends, that you'll all take in good part, the care and 
pains we have been at in this matter, and be contented with what we have advised unto; 
and recommend unto you the practice of holiness, Christian love and peace, improving 
all opportunities you may have of public ordinances in the mean time, and that you en- 
deavour to heal breaches as much as you can. 

Postscript. The reason of this advice for his not preaching was this, that the Pres- 
bytery could not find proof clear and positive enough to prove the crime against him, 
yet Mr. Van Vleck's vindication did not appear sufficient.— [Letter Book.] 



PRESBYTERY OF PHILADELPHIA. 25 

Ordered, That the moderator, Mr. McNish, and Mr. Hampton, bring in 
an overture with respect to Mr. AVade's affair, the next sederunt. 

A petition presented from the people of Welsh Tract and Great Valley, 
with respect to David Evans, afterwards to be taken into consideration. 

The petition of the people of Whiteclay Creek was again read, and it was 
ordered, that if Mr. Gillespie sees fit to leave Woodbridge, he first supply 
that people for some time, or any other he may be invited by, at his own dis- 
cretion, till next Presbytery. 

Adjourned to Monday, at nine o'clock. 

22 Die Lunse, post preces, sederunt, fyc. 

Mr. Morgan die Sabbati delivered his Presbyterial Exercise that was ap- 
pointed him 1711, and this day it was animadverted upon and approven. 

A petition from the people of Cohanzy, being presented by Mr. John 
Ogden, their messenger, was read, and left to further consideration. 

It was ordered, that a letter be writ to that people by the moderator. 

The overture brought in by the moderator, Mr. McNish, and Hampton, 
concerning Mr. Wade and the people of Woodbridge, read and approven, 
and was as follows : 

It is overtured, That whereas, for these several years, we have endeavoured 
to accommodate the differences between Mr. Wade and the people of Wood- 
bridge, after some time, at his own proposal, we admitted him as a member 
of our Presbytery, and he submitted himself willingly to our constitution, 
which we hoped would have been effectual for the taking away these unhappy 
divisions, but to our sad disappointment, we bave found them continue and 
rather increase. 

The first year of his admission, w T e hoped that our Christian and ministerial 
advice, both to Mr. Wade and the disagreeing parties at Woodbridge, would 
have been sufficient for reconciliation, but herein also we were lamentably frus- 
trated, for the next Presbytery their mutual complaints were again renewed. 

And after inquiry and serious deliberation upon those complaints, some 
whereof brought by the people against Mr. Wade were of a scandalous na- 
ture, and of long standing, we came to an unanimous resolution, that really 
Mr. Wade has been all along, and continued to be, the woful bone of conten- 
tion among that unhappy people, and that therefore the only effectual way 
of putting an end to these unchristian jars, was that Mr. Wade should demit 
all pastoral relation to the whole people of Woodbridge, and that they should 
be at full liberty to choose some other minister; but in the meantime, we 
were willing that Mr. Wade should supply their vacancy until another offer- 
ed, not doubting but that Mr. Wade and the good people of Woodbridge 
would use their unanimous endeavours with all convenient speed, to provide 
themselves with a qualified minister in whom they should agree. To all 
which Mr. Wade did, at our last Presbytery aforesaid, give his solemn and 
hearty consent, as fully appears from his own words, then spoken and upon 
record. Nevertheless, Mr. W'ade immediately on his return to Woodbridge, 
did begin, and has continued ever since, to misconstrue our proceedings, and 
render ineffectual all our designs of peace and unity. 

1 . By pretending still to a pastoral relation to some of the people of Wood- 
bridge, notwithstanding his own actual renunciation of all such charge as ap- 
pears, and furthermore constituting new church officers. — Vide letter, Novem- 
ber 23, 1711. 

2. By finding fault with some of our Presbytery for providing a supply 
according to the mind of the whole Presbytery, who always designed Mr. 
Wade to supply no longer than till another could be had. — Vide letter, Sep- 
tember 16, 1712. 

3 



26 MINUTES OF THE 

3. By opposing the settlement of Mr. Gillespie, a preacher from North 
Britain, though recommended heartily by Dr. Mather, as well as sufficiently 
from Glasgow, and at first generally liked by the people of Woodbridge* — 
Vide Dr. Mather's last letter to Woodbridge. 

4. But most of all, and which indeed includes all, by a shameful recanta- 
tion which he, the said Mr. Wade, made, in a letter to three of our number y 
dated November 23, 1711, of what he solemnly and frankly acknowledged,, 
upon conviction of his conscience, as he said, viz. that he had been a bone of 
contention at Woodbridge, and therefore, that he might be so no longer, he 
demitted all pastoral relation to them, heartily wishing they might unite in 
calling another which the Presbytery might approve of, as our records make 
appear; this he now declares he recants, so that it seems he resolves still 
upon being the wretched bone of contention, and therefore labours what he 
can, contrary both to the greatest part of the people, and the mind of the 
Presbytery, to plant himself there again, or if not, to keep up the contention. 
And though Mr. Wade has not attended this Presbytery, yet his own letters 
above cited, besides the personal knowledge of several members of this Pres- 
bytery concerning this affair, and the letters from the people, dated one of 
them, November 6, 1711, another September 13, 1712, besides one from 
Mr. Thomas Pike, of November 10th, 1711, do sufficiently evidence the 
contentions about him to be as great as ever. — Vide letter Nov. 23, 1711. 

We, therefore, in the fear and name of our great Master, do appoint and 
ordain that the said Mr. Wade do no longer exercise his ministerial office at 
the town of Woodbridge, or among the people thereof, unless allowed by the 
Presbytery hereafter, but that he forthwith, and without resistance, directly 
or indirectly, give place to some other whom God in his providence may send, 
and the good people of Woodbridge, or the major part of them, call and agree 
about. 

Ordered, That Mr. Andrews and Anderson write upon that head to Dr, 
Cotton Mather, Mr. Nathaniel Wade, and the people of Woodbridge, 

Adjourned till three o'clock, afternoon. 

P. iV, 

The letter to the people of Cohanzy was read and appro ven. 

The Presbytery received a letter from Mr. Gillespie, and it was ordered 
that Mr. Henry write an answer unto it. 

A complaint of the melancholy circumstances Mr. John Macky, in Eliza- 
beth River, Virginia, labours under, by Mr. Henry, the Presbytery was con- 
cerned. And Mr. John Hampton saying that he designed to write to him on 
an affair of his own, the Presbytery desired him to signify their regard to, 
and concern for him. 

The afjjiir of David Evans came into consideration, and it was appointed 
that Mr. Hampton, Henry, and Morgan, inquire into his proficiency in learn- 
ing, and give in a report the next sederunt. 

Adjourned to nine o'clock, to-morrow. 

23 Die Martis,post preces, &c. 

The letter to Mr. Gillespie was read and approven. 

The brethren appointed to inquire into David Evan's proficiency in learning 
brought in their report, that he had for the time, made considerable profi- 
ciency ; whereupon it was voted, whether he should be ordained before the 
next Presbytery, according to the people's desire, and it was carried in the 
negative. 

Ordered, That he continue to follow his studies under the inspection of 
Mr. Andrews, &c, as heretofore. 



PRESBYTERY OF PHILADELPHIA. 27 

The letters to Dr. Cotton Mather, Mr. Wade, and the people of Woodbridge, 
were written and approven.* 

Ordered, That Mr. Andrews preach next Presbytery on the 11th verse of 
the first to the Hebrews, and Mr. McNish on the 12th. 



* To Dr. Cotton Mather. 

September, 1712. 

Rev. and Dear Brother : 

You are not altogether unacquainted with the troubles that have been long at Wood- 
bridge, by reason of the difference between Mr. Wade and a great part of the people 
there, which have occasioned much exercise and perplexity to us from year to year at our 
anniversary meetings, not only since his admission into our society, but also diverse years 
before. We hoped when he became one of us, we should have been instrumental of put- 
ting an end to those unhappy jarrs and feuds, but to our great sorrow, we have found 
ourselves miserably disappointed, for the contention increased rather than decreased pre- 
sently thereupon, and has done so ever since. At our Presbytery last year, diverse of the 
people of Woodbridge appeared, some for and others against Mr. Wade ; and grievous 
scandals were charged upon him, against which he made the best vindication he could, 
but not so good, but that we thought convenient to advise him to demit his pastoral rela- 
tion to the whole people of Woodbridge, which advice he readily acquiesced in. 

That the place might not be altogether destitute, it was thought expedient to make 
him their supply till another could be procured, to the satisfaction of the Presbytery and 
people. Mr. Wade, with tears in iiis eyes and trembling hands, declared he would be 
no longer a bone of contention there, which was matter of great rejoicing and satisfaction 
to us, expecting this would undoubtedly tend to the comfort and quiet of that miserable 
town; in which also our hope was frustrated to our great concern and lamentation. 

Notwithstanding of such a free resignation of his charge made by him, he no sooner 
returned home, but he told the people, with ostentation, that now he was more firmly 
fixed in Woodbridge than ever he was before; and instead of complying with his demis- 
sion so solemnly made, and joining with the people to get another minister, as he had 
promised to us; when the town came together to consider of that matter, he declared that 
lie stood as fair to be voted for as any man, and contended that a vote should be first 
past with respect to himself, fallaciously and falsely pretending private instructions from 
diverse members of the Presbytery so to do ; thereby overturning and misapplying all 
that was done at the Presbytery, to the breaking up of the meeting once and again re 
infecta, and to the further confusion of the town, which constrained the people to send a 
messenger to a coram of our number for explication of our letter, which was very plain 
of itself. Moreover he had the confidence in his letter to those, not only to claim an 
interest in a part of the people still, as his church, but to recant that expression, wherein 
he had declared, that he would be no longer a bone of contention, thereby virtually 
renouncing his demission he had so formally made; which recantation, by the best infor- 
mation we can get, he hath effectually complied withal, by his continuing to be the 
miserable bone of contention there. For it plainly appears to us, that it is his industri- 
ous endeavour to prevent the happy settlement of that place in another minister, either 
by setting up himself again, or keeping up the contention, or both. 

We hoped that when Mr. Gillespie came there, (a gentleman recommended with an 
excellent character, and of so laudable a carriage,) that he should have been the happy 
instrument of uniting that people, especially when his management there was to univer- 
sal satisfaction. And it is our opinion it had been so, if Mr. Wade had concurred with 
the people in it. But when he returned from Boston with your letter, (which, we doubt 
not, was with a sincere intention to promote the good of Woodbridge,) giving encou- 
ragement concerning one Mr. Wiswall; the town became divided betwixt Mr. Gillespie 
and Mr. Wiswall, which division we fear is too much owing to Mr. Wade, there appear- 
ing all likelihood of agreement in Mr. Gillespie before, which mistake we conclude to 
flow from misinformation, as j r our last letter to some in Woodbridge intimates. 

We being fully persuaded, after serious deliberation and consultation, that so long as 
there is any hopes of Mr, Wade's preaching in Woodbridge, those feuds and animosities 
will be endless, have ordained and appointed, in the name and fear of our great Master, 
that the said Mr. Wade do no longer exercise his ministerial office at that town of Wood- 
bridge, or among the people thereof, unless hereafter allowed by the Presbytery. We 
were constrained to this appointment, though Mr. Wade were not personally present, as 
being the only thing we could propose, and the utmost we could do for the good of poor 
Woodbridge. 

Now sir, our joint request to you is, that you will use your utmost endeavour for the 



28 MINUTES OF THE 

Next Presbytery appointed to be at New Castle, on the third Tuesday of 
September, 1713. 

At a Presbytery held at New Castle, which began, 

September 15th, 1713. Post preces sederunt, 

Ministers: Messrs. Jedediah Andrews, George McNish, John Henry, 
James Anderson. 

Mr. James Anderson was chosen Clerk, and Mr. John Henry, Moderator. 



re-uniting of that people by persuading them and Mr. Wade to lay aside all former resent- 
ments and prejudices against one another, and peaceably acquiesce in the settlement of 
Mr. Gillespie, if he may be prevailed upon. And in case this proposal should fail, by Mr. 
Gillespie's removal, which we very much fear, that they may jointly agree in another 
suitable person, whom yourself with our other reverend brethren in Boston shall recom- 
mend, or that Providence may otherways provide. We the more earnestly desire the 
speedy settlement of that place, upon the advantages that other persuasions take from 
those divisions, to make parties among them. And we fear, that in case it be not soon 
done, we shall lose that town, which we look upon as a place of considerable consequence. 
Thus having laid before you the miseries of that deplorable town, and the necessity of 
its speedy relief, we conclude, recommending you and your holy labours to the blessing 
of our glorious Lord, and rest Reverend Brother, 

Your affectionate Brother in Christ. — [Letter Book.] 

To Mr. Nathaniel Wade. 

September, 1712. 
Mr. Wade : 

We have had our meeting according to appointment, and were sorry that your 
business could not allow your attendance ; your reasons intimated in your letter were 
sustained. The continued feuds between you and the people of Woodbridge came again 
under consideration, and after mature deliberation, we drew up the following overture, 
as the determination of the Presbytery concerning yourself, which we here transcribe and 
send you, expecting your ready compliance therewith. And at the same time earnestly 
exhort you, in the name and fear of God, to be so far from countenancing any differen- 
ces among the people, by being a lone of contention, that ycu do use your utmost interest 
in them for their mutual peace and concord, as becomes a minister of the Prince of 
Peace. We account it would be an honourable thing in you that you use your best 
endeavours, that the worthy gentleman now among you, Mr. Gillespie, may be retained, 
and not discouraged ; and that the people that have hitherto adhered to you, may be 
advised thankfully to acquiesce in him. And in case these differences should drive Mr. 
Gillespie out of the town, (which we hope no man will dare to maintain for that purpose.) 
we expect you will conscientiously, what in you lies, labour with the people that the place 
may be settled in the enjoyment of some other suitable person whom Providence shall 
provide. In a word, we earnestly recommend to you, that you study the peace and quiet 
of the town, that they may become at length, if it can be, happy in the enjoyment of an 
established ministry, according to the present desires of the people, that so these quarrels 
may not be carried on ad infinitum. — [Letter Book.] 
The Overture is in the book of minutes. 

To our Christian Friends at Woodbridge. 

September, 1712. 
Christian Friends and Dearly Beloved ; 

We have again taken much pains and spentjmuch time in deliberating upon the deplo- 
rable differences of your town, which have heretofore cost us so much perplexity and trou- 
ble. And after impartial weighing and considering all circumstances we came to this con- 
clusion, that so long as Mr. Wade does or may preach in the place, the people will neither 
agree in him nor in any other. We have, therefore, in the name and fear of our great Mas- 
ter, ordained and appointed that he do no longer exercise his ministerial office at your 
town, or among the people thereof, unless allowed by the Presbytery hereafter, of which 
we have given intimation in our letter to him. We do earnestly exhort and intreat you, 
in the bowels of our Lord Jesus Christ, that laying aside all prejudices and animosities 
among one another, you do study peace, love, unity, and concord, as you did solemnly 
engage not long since in a public meeting held among you. Divine Providence having 



PRESBYTERY OF PHILADELPHIA. 29 

Mr. Robert Lawson, Mr. Daniel Magill, and Mr. George Gillespie, having 
applied to this Presbytery for admittance as members thereof, and the Pres- 
bytery finding, by their ample testimonials, that they have been legally and 
orderly ordained as ministers of the Gospel, and that they have since behaved 
themselves as such, did cheerfully and cordially receive them, and so they 
took their places. 

After which the names of the members being called, there were present, 

Ministers : Messrs. Jedediah Andrews, George McNish, John Henry, James 
Anderson, Robert Lawson, Daniel Magill, and George Gillespie. 

Elders: Messrs. Joseph Yard, Rowlaph Dehaws, James Caldwell, James 
Bell, Alexander White. 

Absent, Mr. John Hampton, whose letter of excuse was read and sustained. 
Mr. Joseph Morgan was likewise absent. 

Next Sederunt appointed to be at three o'clock, afternoon, and so after 
prayer the Presbytery was dismissed. 

P. M. at three o'clock, post preces sederunt ut supra. 

According to appointment of last Presbytery, Mr. Hampton and Mr. Henry 
spoke to Mr. Davis concerning his former absence, and being on account of 
Mr. Hampton's sickness necessarily absent, he is for this time excused. 

Mr. Bratton, mentioned in last year's minutes, to our great grief deceased, 
October, 1712. 

Mr. Van Vleck bringing certain papers immediately after breaking up of 
the Presbytery last year, to clear himself from the crimes charged upon him, 
as may more fully appear by a memorandum in the Book of Letters: and 
there being an appointment made to examine the validity of these papers, it 
was judged by those appointed to inspect into that matter, that he was guilty. 
( Vide Book of Letters.) And he being now absent, and nothing yet appear- 
ing for his vindication, it is appointed that his suspension shall continue.* 



sent among you so worthy a man as Mr. Gillespie, we cannot but recommend him to 
your countenance and encouragement, as a person, by the character he bears, by all infor- 
mation concerning him, worthy of your acceptance, and in whom we hope you may be 
happy, if you can agree. To our lamentation and sorrow we hear that the differences 
among you, have produced thoughts in him, that his abiding there will make him very 
uncomfortable. Nevertheless we shall endeavour to strengthen his hands and encourage 
his heart to try a while longer, waiting for the effect of our renewed essays for peace and 
quietness among you. And in case you should be so unhappy as to lose so deserving a 
man, we justly fear his removal may prove a vast discouragement to another from ven- 
turing among you, which we conclude all serious Christians will lay to heart. Neverthe- 
less if these contentions should drive him away, we hope you will still labour to be unani- 
mous in the call and settlement of another suitable person ; and we shall not be wanting 
both by our prayers and other endeavours, to promote your happiness in the enjoyment of 
so great a blessing. And so recommending you to the grace of God, we remain your 
cordial well-wishers. — [Letter Book.] 

* Memorandum. 

That the next day after the Presbytery broke up, Mr. Paulus Van Vleck making 
his appearance with some papers to vindicate himself from the crime of bigamy, which 
all the members had a sight of, but all of them being just upon departing, except Mr, 
Andrews, McNish, and Hampton, it was left to these to consider of those papers, which 
they did, and thought them not sufficient to clear him from that scandal. There came 
also complaints against him for telling lies, concerning some things which he bought of 
Mr. Vander Gaegh, and said his mother sent them out of Holland. Whereupon these 
members gave this as their judgment, that in case he should clear himself from the im- 
putation of bigamy, yet that he should not be allowed to exercise his ministerial office 
till he cleared himself from the said charge of lying also. 

Further, it being reported there was a letter at New York from the said Mr. Van 
3* 



30 MINUTES OF THE 

Mr. George Gillespie having read a call from the people of Whiteclay 
Creek, and having delivered a sermon and exegesis, and being examined as to 
Ms knowledge in the original languages, his skill in philosophy and theology, 
by Messrs. Andrews, Anderson, and Morgan, according to the appointment 
of the Presbytery, was approved, and solemnly set apart and ordained, by 
fasting, prayer, and imposition of hands, to the office of the sacred ministry, 
upon the 28th day of May, 1713.* 

Mr. Hampton writ to Mr. John Makie according to appointment. 

Ordered, That Mr. Andrews deliver his Presbyterial exercise to-morrow, 
at eleven o'clock. 

Mr. George McNish not having his Presbyterial Exercise ready, and ex- 
cusing himself on account of sickness for a month past, was blamed for not 
preparing of it sooner, and ordered to prepare and deliver the same the next 
Presbytery. 

Adjourned till to-morrow, nine o'clock. 

Die mercurii, Idth day. Post preces sederunt, fyc. 
The Rev. Mr. Howell Powell having offered himself for admittance as a 
member of this Presbytery, the Presbytery was so well satisfied with what 



Vleck's mother, that contradicted these which he produced, Mr. McNish and Hampton 
being bound thither, it was left to them to inspect into that affair. 

Memorandum Second, October 24, 1712. 

Mr. Hampton being returned, makes this report, that they having made inspection 
according to order, found a letter from said Van Vleck's mother to his uncle, Jacob Phe- 
nix, or his wife, bearing date within three or four days with Van Vleck's letter, and con- 
tradictory to his, testifying that then his wife was alive ; and found also, the hands as 
they thought, different. Whereupon they were really of opinion, that Mr. Van Meek 
was guilty of the crime laid to his charge. 

Philadelphia, October 25, 1712. 
Mr. Andrews and Hampton's letter to the Dutch people. 
Christian Friends, 

We have thought fit to communicate unto you further our thoughts concerning your 
affair with Mr. Van Vleck, which are as folio weth : First, concerning the charge of his 
having two wives, inquiry has been made at New York as was appointed by the meet- 
ing, and it's found that there's a letter to Mr. Jacob Phenix, much of the same date with 
Mr. Van Vleck's, but directly contradictory to it, testifying that his wife was then alive, 
neither does it at all appear to be any forgery, but very genuine, the hand agreeing with 
former letters of Mr. Van Vleck's mother, who wrote this to Phenix. Nor does it appear 
that either Mr. Phenix, or bis wife, has any spite or malice against Mr. Van Vleck at 
all, so that we are more afraid than ever that he is guilty of that dreadful sin laid to his 
charge. And then, as to his foolish and needless lying, which is a very scandalous sin, 
that is sufficiently evident. Both which crimes are greatly aggravated by his drunken- 
ness, besides swearing, and indecent light carriage ; all which, as we do greatly lament, 
so we really think in our consciences you are not to encourage such a person, under 
such grievous scandals, in the work of the holy ministry among you, but rather to study 
and endeavour your supply otherways, by such Christian means as prudence may direct 
you. And so, bidding you farewell, and wishing you all grace and truth, we remain 
yours in the Lord. — [Letter Book.] 

* Memorandum. 

That on the 25th of May, 1713, Mr. George Gillespie was ordained and set apart to 
the ministerial work by Messrs. Andrews, Anderson, and Morgan. That he preached a 
sermon the day before from Gal. iv. ver. 4th, and part of the 5th, and delivered his exe- 
gesis on this question, viz. An Christus pro omnibus et singulis sit mortuus, discovered 
his knowledge in the original tongues, answered to sundry questions on several places 
of Scripture, and other theological matters ; all which was done to good acceptance. — 
[Letter Book.] 



PRESBYTERY OF PHILADELPHIA. 31 

was offered in his behalf with respect to his ordination, &c. that it was agreed 
to admit him as a member, with advice to him to procure further credentials 
from some eminent ministers in England known to some of the members of 
the Presbytery, within a year's time, and that till then it shall be free to him 
to exercise his ministry in all its parts where Providence shall call him, but 
not fully to settle as a fixed minister until the expiration of the said time. 

Adjourned to three o'clock, afternoon. 

P.M. 

A call from the people of Monokin and Wicomico to Mr. Robert Law- 
son, was presented to the Presbytery by James Caldwell, which being offered 
to Mr. Lawson by the moderator, he took it into consideration, with promise 
to give the people an answer as soon as the circumstances of his affairs would 
allow. 

The Presbytery received a letter from the Rev. Mr. Thomas Reynolds, 
wherein he obliges himself to advance thirty pounds for the year 171 3 T to be 
disposed of by the Presbytery. Appointed that a letter of thanks be writ to 
him by Mr, George McNish, and Mr. Robert Lawson, against the next 
sederunt.* 

Received a letter from Mr. Wotherspoon, with his credentials enclosed, 
(which were well approved,) as also a letter from the people of Apoquinimy, 
requesting that he may be ordained and settled among them as their minister, 
the consideration of which is delayed till to-morrow. 

Mr. Andrews delivered his Presbyterial exercise, which was approved. 



London, December 24, 1712. 
* Reverend and dear Brethren, 

Having this opportunity by our good brother, Mr. Robert Lawson, I could not but 
signify the concern I have for the interest of our common Lord in your parts, and let 
you know, that if it will be of service to support one or more ministers to spread the gos- 
pel in those parts about you, where it may be most needful, I do, for my own part, en- 
gage for the year coming, to advance thirty pounds, to be paid to any you shall appoint 
here in London to receive it, upon condition that I have first some timely advice of it by 
letter from our Rev. Brother Mr. Lawson, the bearer hereof. And if in after years I 
may be in a capacity, I shall do what I can to serve you. I desire to hear from you as 
soon as may be, and should be glad to be an instrument of disappointing any that can 
encourage no expectation from us. Praying the Lord abundantly to prosper the great 
work in your hand, I am, in great sincerity, your affectionate brother. 
—[Letter Book.] THOMAS REYNOLDS. 

The Presbytery held at New Castle, September 17, 1713, to the Rev. Mr. Thomas Rey- 
nolds, in London. 
Reverend Sir, 

We received your letter dated December 24, 1712, per the Rev. Mr. Robert Law- 
son, and after blessing God that any, especially of your character, regards us, the skirts 
°f Christ's Church in this American wilderness, we applaud your generous and public 
spirit, and make a return of our hearty and best wishes with the utmost gratitude, and 
so much the more, that though we have often addressed several of the reverend minis- 
ters of London, you are the first and only one who hath taken notice of us by letter. 

Sir, your seasonable bounty for the relief of some weak congregations, unable of them- 
selves to subsist at present in maintaining their own ministers, makes the conduct of 
Divine Providence the more remarkable unto us. 

We shall be faithful in a just application of the same according to your direction. 
Dear sir, give us leave humbly to request the continuance of your concern for us, and 
the interest of Christ in these parts ; and moreover that you use your interest, which we 
know to be great, with others for engaging their Christian liberality in order to aid 
necessitous places; want of support to ministers, in many corners, being a mighty bar 
to the spreading of the gospel. 

Our Rev. Brother, Mr. Robert Lawson, will advise how the money you so kindly pro- 
mise, shall be disposed of. We humbly salute, &c. and pray, Sec— [Letter Book.] 



32 MINUTES OF THE 

A letter from the people of Cohanzy, desiring advice about the choice of a 
minister, being presented to the Presbytery by Mr. Ephraim Sayre, it was 
agreed, in answer to the said letter, that our Rev. Brother, Mr. Howell 
Powell, do officiate as minister of the gospel among them till the next Pres- 
bytery or at his discretion. 

Adjourned till to-morrow, eight o'clock. 

17 day, Die Jovis, at eight o'clock. 

The business of Mr. Wotherspoon and the people of Apoquinimy came 
again into consideration, upon which the Presbytery appointed as follows, 
That Masters Andrews, Anderson, Powell, Jones, and Gillespie, do manage 
in the affair between Mr. Wotherspoon and the people of Apoquinimy, that 
after a formal call presented before them by the said people of Apoquinimy, 
they, at their own discretion, appoint the said Mr. Wotherspoon to pass his 
trials before them, and that if they shall be fully satisfied as to his qualifica- 
tions, they proceed to his ordination, and settlement among that people. 

Appointed, That Mr. Andrews write a letter to Mr. Wotherspoon, and 
bring it in the next sederunt. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, afternoon. 

P. M. 

Mr. Andrews writ the letter to Mr. Wotherspoon according to appointment, 
and it was approved, 

Mr. McNish, Lawson, and Henry, writ an answer to Mr. Reynold's letter, 
which was approved. (See preceding note.) 

Upon the desire of the people of Welsh Tract, it was ordered, that Mr. 
David Evans reside and preach amongst them till the next Presbytery. 

Inquiry was made, according to a former appointment, of ministers and the 
people's representatives, concerning the mumal affairs between ministers and 
people, in their respective congregations. 

Mr. Gillespie ordered to write a letter to the Synod of Glasgow.* 

Ordered, That Masters McNish, McGill, Henry, and Gillespie, apply the 
thirty pounds promised to this Presbytery by the Rev. Thomas Reynolds, of 
London, to what members of the Presbytery they think fit. 

Ordered, That Mr. Wotherspoon have a Presbyterial Exercise the next 
Presbytery upon Heb. i. 13. 

The next Presbytery appointed to be held at Philadelphia on the first Tues- 
day of September, 1714. 

At a Presbytery held at Philadelphia, which began 

September 7th, 1714. 

Where were present : 

Ministers : Mr. John Hampton, Mr. Jedediah Andrews, Mr. James Ander- 
son, Mr. Daniel McGill, Mr. George Gillespie, Mr. Howell Powell. Mr. 
Robert Wotherspoon. 

Elders: Samuel Hopkins, Joseph Yard, Alexander Beal, Hugh Porter, 
Hans Hanson, Joseph Sealy, John Gardner, Segfrigus Alricks. 

Mr. Andrews was chosen moderator, and Mr. Anderson clerk. 

Mr. Morgan's reasons for his absence last year, as also this year, were sus- 
tained. 

Mr. Davis, Henry, and McNish, absent. 



* Memorandum. 

That Mr. George Gillespie writ the letter to the Synod of Glasgow as was ap- 
pointed. — [Letter Book.] 



PRESBYTERY OF PHILADELPHIA. 33 

The affair of Mr. Van Vleck's suspension continued for further considera- 
tion and inquiry, until next sederunt. 

The affair of Mr. McNish's absence and preaching referred, to be consi- 
dered at next sederunt. 

The affair of Mr. Howell Powell referred, to be considered at the next 
sederunt. 

The minutes relating to Mr. Robert Lawson's call to Monokin, contained 
in the last year's proceedings, being read, it was found that he departed this 
life November last year. 

It was reported by the ministers appointed to transact the affair relating to 
Mr. Wotherspoon's ordination, that they in compliance with the last year's 
minutes, did solemnly by prayer, fasting, and imposition of hands, ordain the 
said Mr. Robert Wotherspoon, unto the sacred function and office of the mi- 
nistry, to the Presbyterian congregation at Apoquinimy, upon the 13th day of 
May, 1714.* 

There has been no answer as yet from the Rev. Mr. Reynolds, concerning 
a letter writ last year by this Presbytery to him. 

Mr. David Evans obeyed his appointment with respect to his residing and 
preaching at Welsh-Tract. 

Mr. Robert Wotherspoon having not provided his Presbyterial exercise ac- 
cording to appointment; it was ordered that he should provide it against next 
year's meeting, and that he preach a sermon upon Thursday next, here ; and 
that the moderator should Presbyterially admonish him to be more careful for 
time coming, which accordingly was done. 

The condition of several desolate places being represented by some mem- 
bers, the consideration of it was referred to the next sederunt. 

After which the Presbytery was adjourned till to-morrow morning at 9 
o'clock. 

Wednesday, Ibr. 8th, at 9 o'clock, Ante M. sederunt ut supra. 

The last minutes came to be read. 

The affair of Mr. Van Vleck was referred till to-morrow. 

Mr. McNish's affair also continued. 

The Presbytery having considered that their brother, Mr. Powell, had used 
diligence to procure further credentials, according to the last year's minutes, 
but not having as yet received answers from England, and we being further 
satisfied by so long trial and personal acquaintance, together with other con- 
siderable circumstances, and now an unanimous call being presented to us for 
him, from the people of Cohanzy, the Presbytery, after mature deliberation, 
did sustain the call, but withal, recommended to him as formerly, that he pro- 
cure letters from England ut supra. 

Appointed that Mr. Hampton and Mr. McGill write a letter to Mr. Thomas 
Reynolds against to-morrow afternoon. 

The Presbytery taking into consideration the desolate condition of the peo- 
ple in Kent County, have appointed our brother, Mr. James Anderson, that 



* Memorandum. 

It being appointed the last Presbytery, that the ordination of Mr. Robert Wother- 
spoon, should be left to the discretion of diverse ministers who are named in the minutes; 
the said members having heard him preach a popular sermon on Heb. vi. 19 ; received 
his exegesis on a question de sanctorum per severantia, taken on account of his skill in the 
original languages, and likewise his attainments and orthodoxy in theological matters, to 
their satisfaction, did on the 13th day of May, 1714, set apart the said Mr. Wotherspoon 
unto the work of the ministry. 



34 MINUTES OF THE 

he supply them with preaching, &c, one Sabbath in the month till the next 
Presbytery, and that there be a letter accordingly writ to them by the mode- 
rator, signifying the Presbytery's concern with relation to them, and that it be 
brought in to-morrow. 

Afterwards adjourned till 3 o'clock, afternoon. 

■ 
Post Meridiem, 3 o'clock, sederunt ut supra. 

The call from the people of Cohanzy being read and presented to Mr. 
Howell Powell by the moderator, was by him accepted ; whereupon the Pres- 
bytery appointed Mr. Jedediah Andrews to preach his admission sermon, at 
the time that shall be agreed upon betwixt the people and him. 

The Presbytery taking into consideration the desolate condition, and also 
the desire of the people at Cedar Creek, have, in order to their being supplied 
as much as at this juncture can be, appointed as follows: that Mr. George 
Gillespie preach there the third Sabbath of October, Mr. Wotherspoon the third 
Sabbath of November ; and if Mr. Anderson can, he is desired to go upon the 
third Sabbath of March ; as also Mr. Hampton on the third Sabbath of June ; 
Mr. Evans is appointed to go the third Sabbath of April ; and Mr. Bradner the 
third Sabbath of May ; and Mr. John Henry on the third Sabbath of July. 
And it is appointed that Mr. Davis preach the third Sabbath of February, and 
that he preach there at other times as often as he can. 

An unanimous call from the people of Welsh Tract to Mr. David Evans, 
being presented to us and approven, we offered it to him which he accepted ; 
whereupon it was appointed as follows, viz : 

That Messrs. Jedediah Andrews, Jones, Anderson, Gillespie, and Wother- 
spoon, solemnly ordain him to the work and office of the ministry, after having 
been satisfied with his ministerial abilities, in any pieces of trial they shall 
think fit to appoint him. 

The supplication of the people of Cape May, with respect to Mr. John 
Bradner, preacher, being presented by David Wells, in the name of the rest 
of that people, was read, and the further consideration of that affair was referred 
until the next sederunt. 

Adjourned till to-morrow, 9 o'clock. 

Lie Jovis at 9 o'clock, sederunt ut supra. 

The letter of the moderator to the people of Kent County, was read and 
approven. 

This day Mr. Davis and Henry came, and the reason of their absence until 
this time was sustained. 

It is reported that Mr. Samuel Davis, Mr. Hampton, and Mr. Henry, having 
upon good and sufficient reasons taken Mr. Jno. Bradner under trials, in order 
to his being licenced to preach the gospel, and having gone through the ordi- 
nary pieces of trial, and being satisfied with him therein, as also with respect 
to the orthodoxy of his faith, did license him accordingly in March last; which 
was approven. 

The petition and call from the people of Cape May, with respect to Mr. 
Bradner, being now considered, and he having accepted of their call and peti- 
tion, it is appointed that Messrs. Davis, Andrews, Anderson, Powell, and 
Wotherspoon, take the said Mr. Bradner under trials in order to his being 
ordained in that place, and that they proceed in the aforesaid affair as they 
shall see lit. 

Adjourned till 3 o'clock, afternoon. 



PRESBYTERY OF PHILADELPHIA. 35 

P. M. 3 o'clock, sederunt ut supra. 

The letter appointed to be writ to Mr. Reynolds by Mr. Hampton and 
McGill, was read and approven.* 

The Rev. Mr. Malachi Jones, having offered himself to be a member of 
this Presbytery, the Presbytery taking his affair into consideration, and being 
very well satisfied as to his ordination and other qualifications, did heartily 
accept of his offer and accordingly admitted him. 

There being diverse people in the Great Valley with whom Mr. David 
Evans has been concerned, it was queried whether said people should be 
looked upon as a part of the church and congregation of the Welsh-Tract, or 
a distinct body by themselves, and it was carried by the Presbytery that they 
be esteemed a distinct society. 

Inquiry was made according to a former appointment, of the ministers and 
the people's representatives, concerning their mutual affairs, betwixt ministers 
and people in their respective congregations. 

Mr. McNish, his Presbyterial exercise is appointed to be delivered the next 
year, the reason of his absence now not being known to the Presbytery. 

Adjourned till to-morrow, 7 o'clock. 

At 7 o'clock, A. M. sederunt ut supra. 

For the better establishing and settling congregations, it is ordered and ap- 
pointed, that in every congregation there be a sufficient number of assistants 
chosen, to aid the minister in the management of congregational affairs, and 
that there be a book of records for that effect, and that the same be annually 
brought here to be revised by the Presbytery. 

The business of Mr. Paul Van Vleck being come again under consideration, 
it is determined that the censure of suspension which he already lies under, 
should continue : and that Mr. Andrews and Mr. McNish make further in- 



* To Mr. Thomas Reynolds, Minister in London. 

Ur. 10th, 1714. 
Reverend Sir: 

We hope that you've received our former letter, in which according to duty, we 
did return you our hearty thanks for that Christian and charitable spirit which had dis- 
covered itself in you, and your zeal in order to the support of the gospel among us; and 
at the same time we intimated to you how we had applied, in the most charitable manner, 
that money which you had dedicated to the support of God's works in these parts, namely, 
ten pounds sterling for Philadelphia, ten for New Castle, and ten for our dear and now 
deceased brother, Mr. Robert Lawson. As also we earnestly intimated the continuance 
of the same favour for the same purposes. But neither we nor the gentlemen concerned 
have received, as yet, any answer from you. If it shall suit with your pleasure and con- 
venience, to continue the same favour, as your former was applied according to our dis- 
posal. Dear Brother, there is the same prospect of advancing God's work in these parts 
of the world, several applications being made to us for supply; but we being so few in 
number, places being so far distant, and we having no ministers among us but pastors of 
congregations, and not being in a capacity to maintain any itinerant preachers, who might 
be helpful in order to the propagation of the gospel ; we must with great concern inti- 
mate unto you, that notwithstanding of all that possibly we can do, the work of the Lord 
must suffer. We hope you will consider and improve what we have narrated concern- 
ing our present circumstances, and shall expect to hear from you the first opportunity, 
which shall be very satisfying to, Reverend Sir, your fellow labourers in the work of the 
gospel of Christ. 

P. S. Dear Sir: We judge it also worthy of your consideration, that in the province of 
Pennsylvania and territories, and also in the Jerseys, there is no conformable ministry 
according to the Church of England established, and therefore you may easily perceive, 
that this is the proper season for advancing the gospel in the truth and purity. Yours, 
ut supra. 

P. S. 2d. Mr. McNish, per order from us, wrote you upon the premises last fall. — 
[Letter Book.] 



3G MINUTES OF THE 

quiry concerning his circumstances and condition, by writing to Holland or 
otherwise, and make report the next Presbytery. 

The reasons of Mr. McNish, his absence until this sederunt, were heard 
and sustained. 

Mr. Samuel Davis having not delivered his Presbyterial exercise formerly 
appointed him on Heb. i. 4, it is ordered that he have it next year. 

The place appointed for the next Presbytery is New Castle, and to beheld 
on the third Tuesday of September, in the year 1715. 

And so afterwards the Presbytery was dissolved. 

At a Presbytery held at New Castle, 

September 20th, 1715. 

Ministers present: Mr. Jedediah Andrews, Mr. George McNish, Mr. 
John Hampton, Mr. James Anderson, Mr. Daniel McGill, Mr. Howell Pow- 
ell, Mr. George Gillespie, Mr. Robert Wotherspoon, Mr. Malachi Jones, Mr. 
David Evans, Afr. John Bradner. 

Elders present: Nathaniel Hopkins, Joseph Yard, Sylvester Garland, 
William Scott, James Alexander, Ephraim Sayer, Thomas Heywood, John 
Parsons, Evan Rowland.. 

Mr. Hampton Vas chosen moderator, and Mr. Evans, clerk. 

Ordered, That the last years' minutes be read over. 

Messrs. Davis, Henry, and Morgan, were absent. 

Mr. Wotherspoon delivered his Presbyterial exercise according to appoint- 
ment, and it was approved of. 

It being appointed by the last Presbytery, that Mr. Howell Powell should 
get further credentials from England, the "Presbytery is now satisfied in that 
matter. 

Our brother, Mr. Anderson, hath supplied the people of Kent County ac- 
cording to appointment. 

Mr. Andrews preached\Mr. Powell's admission sermon the fifteenth day of 
October last, according to appointment. 

The supplies that were appointed for the people of Cedar Creek by the 
last Presbytery, were complied with. 

The ministers appointedlast year to ordain Mr. David Evans, did upon the 
third day of November lasz, by fasting, prayer, and imposition of hands, so- 
lemnly set him apart to the work of the ministry among the people of Welsh 
Tract, having been satisfied with his ministerial qualifications.* 

The Rev. Mr. Andrews, Powell, and Evans, with the approbation of the 
other ministers mentioned in the last years' minutes, having taken an account 
of Mr- John Bradner's ministerial qualifications to their satisfaction, did upon 
the 6th g!ay of May last, by fasting, prayer, and imposition of hands, so- 
lemnly set apart die said Mr. Bradner, to the work of the ministry among the 
people of Cape May.t 
___ 

* Memorandum. 

It being appointed the last Presbytery, that the ordination of Mr. David Evans should 
be left to the discretion of diverse ministers mentioned in the minutes; the said mem- 
bers having heard him preach a popular sermon on Romans iii. 31, received his exegesis 
on a question de necessitate specialis spiritus sancti operationis ad conversionem, taken 
an account of his skill in the original languages, and likewise of his attainments and 
orthodoxy in theological matters, to their satisfaction, did on the third day of November, 
1714, ordain the said Mr. Evans to the work of the ministry. — [Letter Book.] 

t Memorandum. 

It being appointed the last Presbytery that the ordination of Mr. John Bradner should 
be left to the discretion and management of sundry ministers mentioned in the book of 



PRESBYTERY OF PHILADELPHIA. 37 

The affair of Mr. Reynolds his letter referred to next sederunt. 
The inquiry about matters between ministers and people, and session-books, 
referred till afterwards. 

The affair of Mr. Van Vleck referred till next sederunt. 
Adjourned till to-morrow, eight o'clock. 

21 day, Wednesday, sessione Zda. sederunt ut supra. 

The minute concerning Mr. Reynolds his affair, continued till the next 
sederunt. 

Mr. Van Vleck's affair also continued till the next sederunt. 

Mr. James Gordon having presented a call from the people of Baltimore 
county, in Maryland, unto Mr. Hugh Conn, the Presbytery called for, con- 
sidered, and approved the said Mr. Conn's credentials as a preacher of the 
gospel, and likewise considered and approved the call, which being presented 
by the moderator unto the said Mr. Conn, he accepted of it, whereupon it 
was appointed that Mr. McGill, Anderson, Gillespie, Wotherspoon, and 
Evans, after being satisfied with his ministerial abilities, should solemnly by 
prayer, fasting, and imposition of hands, ordain him unto the work of the 
ministry among the abovesaid people, the third Thursday of October next. 

Mr. Philip Ringo having presented a call from the people of Maidenhead 
and Hopewell, in West Jersey, unto Mr. Robert Orr, the Presbytery called 
for, considered of, and approved the said Mr. Orr his credentials as a preacher 
of the gospel, and likewise considered of, and approved the call, which being 
presented by the moderator unto the said Mr. Orr, he accepted of it, where- 
upon it was appointed that Mr. Andrews, Powell, McNish, Jones, and Mor- 
gan, after having been satisfied with the said Mr. Orr his ministerial abilities, 
should solemnly ordain him by fasting, prayer, and imposition of hands, unto 
the work of the ministry among the said people of Hopewell and Maiden- 
head, on the third Wednesday of October next. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, afternoon. 

Post Meridiem, three o'clock. Post preces sederunt ut supra. 

Ordered, That Mr. Andrews and Mr. McGill write to the Rev. Mr. Tho- 
mas Reynolds, of London, to maintain the correspondence that hath been 
between the Presbytery and him.* 



minutes ; two of the said number, viz : Mr. Andrews and Mr. Powell, in conjunction 
with Mr. David Evans, and with the approbation of the rest of the ministers concerned, 
went to Cape May on that errand. And they having heard the said Mr. Bradner preach 
a popular sermon from Phil. ii. 12, 13, received his exegesis, De materia Justificationis, 
taken an account of his skill in the original tongues, and also of his attainments and 
orthodoxy in Divinity to their satisfaction, did on the sixth day of May, 1715, ordain the 
said Mr. Bradner to the work of the ministry. 

Mr. Andrews preached the admission sermon of Mr. Powell at Cohanzy.— [Letter 
Booh] J 

* To Mr. Thomas Reynolds, in London. 

September 23, 1715. 
Reverend Sir, 

We thought fit at this our anniversary, (as we did likewise last year,) to transmit a 
few lines expressive of our desire, that a correspondence, which you were pleased to be- 
gin by your kind letter the year before last, may be continued and strengthened, and as 
a testification of our thankfulness that a person of your character, (when so many have, 
to our frequent disappointment neglected us,) should not only refresh us with your let- 
ter, but also show your Christian desire for the success of the gospel in these parts, by a 
generous offer of your help for its support, which to oar satisfaction we hear has been 
4 



38 MINUTES OF THE 

Mr. Andrews and Mr. McNish made report concerning Van Vleck, that 
he is run out of the country, and that they, having writ to Holland according 
to appointment, had not yet received any answer. 

Mr. McNish delivered his Presbyterial exercise, and was appro ven. 

Mr, Samuel Gelston presented credentials of his being licensed to preach 
the gospel, which were considered and approved, and he was appointed to 
preach the next day. 

A letter being presented by Mr. McNish from Mr. John Thomson, proba- 
tioner, lately come into the country, desiring the advice and assistance of the 
Presbytery, it was ordered that Mr. Powell write a letter to him in answer 
to his. 

Adjourned till eight o'clock next day. 

22 day. Thursday, eight o'clock, sederunt ut supra. 

Mr. Powell writ the letter to Mr. Thomson according to appointment, and 
it was approved. 

Mr. Davis his letter was read, and the reasons for his and Mr. Henry's 
absence were considered and sustained. 

A motion being made by the people of Lewistown concerning their being 
supplied with anofher minister besides Mr. Davis, the Presbytery taking into 
consideration the state of that people, and their said desire to have a minister 
to officiate statedly among them, and that Mr. Davis has had no pastoral rela- 
tion in particular to that people ; and considering also, that the present condi- 
tion and posture of Mr. Davis his affairs will not allow of his being a fixed, 
stated pastor to the said people, and the said Davis his willingness that there 
may be a minister provided, (as some of our members have signified to us,) 
the Presbytery doth, therefore, appoint that Mr. Andrews, Hampton, and 
Anderson, write to Mr. Davis, and the people of Lewis, signifying that the 
Presbytery approves their desire, and will take care to have them supplied 
with a minister as soon as they can. 

Ordered, That Mr. Andrews, McNish, and Gillespie, write a letter to the 
people of Patuxent, in relation to the present posture of their affairs there. 

Inquiry was made concerning the respective affairs between ministers and 
their congregations, as usual. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, afternoon. 
^ 

complied withal. And it's no small comfort to us, that Mr. Hugh Conn gives information 
of your willingness to continue your bounty for the use abovesaid, which as it would be 
very acceptable, so it's no less necessary than heretofore. As we accept your Christian 
bounty in good part, and value it as a mark of our common Lord's goodness and care to 
the support of his servants in narrow circumstances among us, so we crave leave to beg 
your pious concern for our common interest, in moving your public spirited friends to 
go into the same good design for supporting our ministers, (that is, those among us, who 
without some help besides what their own poor congregations are able to give, are 
straitened,) by some annual gratuity. And we can truly assure you, that your former 
kindness was applied, as near as we could apprehend, according to your intention in be- 
stowing it. The reason of our expressing ourselves after this manner, is from an in- 
formation as though you had some particular regard to the Jersies, which, as we 
were altogether unsensible of, so we are well satisfied, if there were any such thing, it 
proceeded from your not being fully acquainted with the condition of these provinces. 
We are much concerned that we received no return in answer to our last, though we 
have ground to think that it's not from your forgetfulness of us, but the miscarriage of 
your letters, Mr. Conn having acquainted us that he had letters for some of us, and left 
them for conveyance, but they are not yet arrived, and we fear are now quite lost, 
which makes us the more desirous of hearing from you by the first opportunity. We 
salute you heartily in the Lord, &c. — [Letter Book.] 



PRESBYTERY OF PHILADELPHIA. 39 

P. M. 

Mr. Andrews, Hampton, and Anderson, writ the letter to Mr. Davis and 
the people of Lewis, and it was approved.* 

In pursuance of an act made last Presbytery appointing every minister to 
appoint assistants and session book, &c. and in regard diverse of the ministers 
have not complied with the designs of said act, it was therefore ordered, that 
the several ministers come with said books, and perform the other end of the 
said act as it is specified therein. 

Adjourned till eight o'clock the next day. 

23 day. Die veneris, post preces, sederunt id supra. 

The Rev. Mr. Samuel Pumry, minister at Newtown, on Long Island, offer- 
ed himself to be a member of this Presbytery, and was heartily and unani- 
mously accepted, he promising subjection to the Presbytery, in the Lord. 

The Presbytery taking into consideration that the people of Woodbridge 
have not the sealing ordinances administered among them, from hearty con- 
cern for that people, (who have been their care formerly,) did appoint Mr. 
Andrews to write pressingly to the said people, that they use utmost diligence 
to have a minister ordained to labour and officiate statedly among them, that 
the great want they are in of the ordinances may be speedily supplied. 

It is appointed that Mr. Andrews write to Mr. Pierson to the effect above- 
said, and report to the next Presbytery. 

The Presbytery taking into their consideration the desolate condition of the 
people of Kent county, and their desire to be supplied, appointed Mr. Samuel 
Gelston to supply them upon trial, with the advice of the neighbouring 
ministers. 

The letter to the people of Patuxent was read and approven.t 



* To Mr. Davis, and others, at Lewis. 

September 22, 1715. 
Dear Brother Davis, and Christian friends at Lewis, 

Having taken into our serious consideration the present condition with respect to a 
better establishment of the gospel in your parts, we came to the following determina- 
tions ; that there never having yet been a pastoral relation betwixt you, nor likely to be, 
according to our best apprehension, we have judged it best for the glory of God, and 
your future comforts, to leave you each to your choice, to provide yourselves as you can 
for your spiritual interests, and the increase of Christ's kingdom. Not doubting but in 
the mean time you will maintain a Christian correspondence, and be mutually as com- 
fortable to one another as your circumstances will allow. Our Brother Davis by preach- 
ing, when at home, and until another supply be found, and our Christian friends by 
thankfully acknowledging the same. And as to a settled ministry, there is one Mr. 
Thompson now arrived at York, with his wife and family, concerning whom Mr. Mc- 
Nish will, in a little time, give you further advice. And in case this should fail, we re- 
commend you to your neighbouring ministers for advice. Recommending you to the 
Lord, and the word of his grace, we remain yours, &c. — [Letter Book.] 

t To our Christian Friends at (Patuxent or) Marlborough, Maryland. 

September 23, 1715. 
Christian Friends, 

Among other valuable friends who justly demand our concern for their best in- 
terests, we were very willing to remember you, and the weighty matters that belong to 
our common Lord and Saviour in your congregation. We cannot but represent it to 
you, as a thing which ourselves have had much comfort in hearing from our brother 
and your reverend pastor, that when, (as is our practice,) he was interrogate touching 
the manner of his people's deportment towards him in his pastoral office, he made his 
answer wholly to their advantage, and with a pleasing earnestness to commend them, as 
made it apparent to us he had good cause for what he spoke. Notwithstanding we can- 
not but signify to our good friends, how sensibly some things among you affect us. The 



40 MINUTES OF THE 

Appointed, That Mr. Gillespie and Mr. McGill preach the Presbyterial 
exercises next year. Mr. Gillespie from ver. 14, of Heb. i., and Mr. McGill 
from Heb. ii. ver. 1. 

It is appointed that it be recommended to all and every member of this 
Presbytery, that betwixt this and our next meeting they may think of, and 
prepare, what they may judge most necessary to be presented to our Presby- 
tery for the common or particular good of all or any of us. 

Appointed, That the next Presbytery be held at Philadelphia upon the 
third Tuesday of September, 1716. 

At a Presbytery held at Philadelphia, 

September 18/A, 1716. Post preces sederunt, 

Mr. Hampton moderator, Mr. Andrews, Mr. McNish, Mr. John Henry, 
Mr. James Anderson, Mr. George Gillespie, Mr. Pumry, Mr. Orr, ministers. 

John Dredden, David Giffin, John Steel, Enoch Anderson, elders. 

Absent ministers, Masters McGill, Powell, Bradner, Jones, Conn, Wother- 
spoon, Evans, Morgan, and Davis, and their elders. 

Mr. McNish was chosen moderator, and Mr. Anderson clerk. 

Mr. Edmundson being present as a representative of the congregation of 
Patuxent, and their minister absent, it was put to the vote, whether the said 
Mr. Edmundson should act here as a representative notwithstanding the minis- 
ter's absence, and carried in the affirmative, nemine contradicente. 

The last year's minutes were ordered to be read. 

Mr. Morgan's absence the last and this year referred to the next sederunt, 
to be considered. 



love we bear to our common Lord's interest among you gives us great uneasiness at 
hearing any of Satan's devices threatening your gospel peace, and the mutual love the 
followers of Christ are strictly bound to cultivate among themselves. We pray the God 
of all grace to recover what of the sweet fruits of this is lost, or in danger to be lost 
among you, and that you may be one in the Lord, and one among yourselves in the 
spirit of true holiness, meekness, truth, love, and mutual forbearance. If these things 
be your study, who can doubt but the Lord will make them your happy attainment? 
We recommend to you, and expect your ready compliance with a few proposals, which 
we hope will be taken with the same loving mind as they are written, and it is in your 
power to make them helpful to' your present condition. We heartily recommend it you, 
that you watch against all attempts of Satan to infringe your Christian harmony and 
union, which is your beauty and strength. Now God has given you an uncommon sea- 
son, and advantage for bearing testimony to his interest among you, how much you love 
him and it; if there are temptations in your way, to maintain union, the blessings will 
be so great and universal that you cannot over-do in all Christian methods to preserve 
it. Herein appear for God, and for the house of God, which ye know is not divided 
against itself, neither should the children of the same God against one another. Satan's 
policy and malice has appeared in his attempts to divide you, but it will no less show 
you are the children of the God of peace and love, when you break through his snares 
to maintain your union, and concentre in gospel peace and love among yourselves. Par- 
ticularly we recommend to you that with firmness and godly resolution you oppose your- 
selves to all dividing measures. We apprehend that the disproportion between the num- 
ber of your elders and deacons, may occasion some uneasiness in your session, but how 
you will find it no hard matter to prevent any ill consequence in this. We need only 
represent unto you the ends and institution of Scripture deacons, and that there is no 
juridical power allowed them in the Scripture. We recommend earnestly to you a 
Christian regard to our worthy brother your pastor, and that you encourage, honour, 
and obey him in the Lord, that his labours, as they are for his people, so they may turn 
to your and his account in the day of the Lord. Lastly, we expect your acquiescence 
in our last year's act, touching sessions and session books, which we presume you know 
to be agreeable to the laudable practice of the best reformed churches. This letter has 
been judged needful, according to the representation made us by your messenger, Mr. 
Scott. Thus recommending you to glorious grace, we rest, &c. — [Letter Book.] 



PRESBYTERY OF PHILADELPHIA. 41 

The appointment with respect to Mr. Conn's ordination was fulfilled, and 
Mr. Wotherspoon and Mr. Evans being absent, the inquiry into the reasons 
thereof was referred till next sederunt. 

Mr. Orr was ordained at Maidenhead, according to appointment, only 
Masters McNish, Jones, and Powell were absent, the reasons whereof were 
heard and sustained; and in the room of those, three other ministers assisted.* 

A letter from the people of Patuxent being read, the further consideration 
thereof referred till another sederunt. 

After the reading of Mr. Andrews his letters, which by the last Presbytery 
he was appointed to write to the people of Woodbridge and Mr. Pierson, 
the Presbytery were well satisfied with them both. 

A letter from Mr. Pierson to be communicated to the Presbytery in answer 
to the letter sent to him by Mr. Andrews was read, and the fuller considera- 
tion of it referred till next sederunt. 

Mr. Gelston's supply of Kent county, the consideration of it referred till 
afterwards. 

The appointment made last year about bringing in overtures to the next 
Presbytery referred till afterwards. 

Adjourned till to-morrow at eight o'clock. 

Wednesday, eight o'clock, post preces sederunt, fyc. 

Yesterday's minutes ordered to be read. 

Mr. McNish's reasons for not bringing an elder or representative with him, 
were heard and sustained. 

Mr. Henry's representative of the congregation being absent, and his rea- 
sons for not coming being inquired into, he said the present condition of his 
people made it necessary that there should be a particular collection made by 
the congregation for defraying the charges of the representative to the Pres- 
bytery, and it was allowed that there should. 

The reasons of Mr. Pumry's elder's absence were inquired into and sus- 
tained. 

Mr. McGill's absence excused on account of his sickness. 

Mr. Jones being absent yesterday, did this day give the reasons of his ab- 
sence, which were sustained. 

Mr. Wotherspoon's reasons of his absence this Presbytery, given by letter, 
were sustained. 

Mr. Evans his absence yesterday being inquired into, he acknowledged he 
was blameable for not coming sooner. 

Mr. Morgan's absence this and several years by-past being inquired into, it 
was resolved, that a letter should be writ, informing him that if he comes not, 
nor sends sufficient reasons against next year, we shall take it for granted that 
he has altogether deserted us. The letter to be writ by Mr. Andrews. 

Adjourned till after sermon. 

After sermon, sederunt, <fec. 
Mr. Gillespie's Presbyterial exercise was animadverted upon and ap- 
proved. 

* Memorandum. 

Mr. Robert Orr having performed those points of trial assigned him to satisfaction, 
namely, preached a popular sermon from James ii. 24, and given an exegesis on that 
question, Anfoedus circumcisione signatum, a foedere Evangelico essentialiler differat? 
And also answered to various interlocutory questions touching theological matters, and 
given a specimen of his attainments in other parts of learning to good approbation, he 
the said Mr. Orr, was, on the 20th day of October, 1715, solemnly set apart to the work 
of the ministry, by Masters Andrews, Morgan, Dickinson, Evans, and Bradner, at 
Maidenhead, before a numerous assembly. — [Letter Book.] 
4* 



42 MINUTES OF THE 

The reasons of Mr. Wotherspoon's absence from Mr. Conn's ordination and 
this Presbytery, were by letter given and sustained. 

Mr. Evans, his absence from Mr. Conn's ordination, was ill taken by the 
Presbytery. 

The letter from the people of Patuxent, in answer to one from us last year, 
was read the second time to our great satisfaction. 

The consideration of Mr. Pierson's letter, referred till we hear from the 
people of Woodbridge. 

The Presbyterj r having taken into their serious consideration, the affair o 
Mr. Gelston, in relation to the people of Kent, have found ground to, and die 
censure his not going back to the people of Kent, according to his promise tc 
them. As for all his other conduct among that people, they themselves ir 
their letter to us commend him. 

Adjourned till to-morrow 9 o'clock, in the morning. 

Thursday, at 9 o'clock, sederunt, Szc. 

The affair of Kent being taken into the Presbytery's consideration, from •< 
Christian sense of the want of the ordinances among them, at present have 
for their encouragement, appointed Mr. Davis, Gillespie, Wotherspoon 
and Evans, to preach in the county of Kent each once betwixt this and the 
next Presbytery ; that is to say Mr. Gillespie on the third Sabbath of Octo 
ber, Mr. Wotherspoon the third Sabbath of April, Mr. Davis the third Sab 
bath of June, Mr. Evans the third Sabbath of May. And it is likewise 
ordered, that Mr. Anderson do preach to the said people at Kent once in even 
month till the next Presbytery, provided he find suitable encouragement 
Appointed also, that a. letter be writ to the people of Cedar-Creek and Ken 
in answer to theirs, by Mr. Andrews and Mr. Hampton. 

A call from the people of South-Hampton, on Long-Island, to Mr. Gelston 
wherein the said people do subject themselves to us in the Lord, as a Pres 
bytery being presented to us in the name of their representatives, we die 
tender it to the said Mr. Gelston, and he accepted it. Upon which the Pres 
bytery, understanding that our brethren, Masters McNish and Pumry hac 
prescribed him a popular sermon on John xiv. 6, and an exegesis, De liben 
arbitrio, to be delivered this Presbytery, if the Presbytery thought fit, as ; 
part of trial in order to ordination, did appoint him to deliver the popular ser 
mon to-morrow. 

The business of bringing in overtures to the Presbytery, referred to anothei 
sederunt. 

A call from the people in and about Lewis-Town, to Mr. John Thomson 
being by William Shankland, commissioner from the said people, laid before 
us and read, and he being himself absent by reason of sickness ; but having ii 
a letter to us signified his willingness to submit to what the Presbytery shoulc 
think expedient for that people and his own good, did appoint that the said cal 
be tendered to Mr. Thomson by Mr. Hampton, and upon his acceptance, the 
Presbytery does appoint Masters Davis, Hampton, Henry, Wotherspoon, An 
derson, Gillespie, Evans, and Bradner, to take his trials, and upon their satis 
faction to proceed to ordination upon the first Wednesday of April next ; ane 
that the ordination sermon be preached by Mr. Henry, or in his absence b} 
Mr Hampton. 

Adjourned till 3 o'clock. 

At 3 o'clock, sederunt ut supra. 

Mr. Powell's absence sustained on account of his sickness, which he sig- 
nified to us by his letter. 



PRESBYTERY OF PHILADELPHIA. 43 

The affair of Woodbridge coming into consideration, the Presbytery or- 
dered that Mr. McNish and Mr. Pumry should fully discourse Mr. Pierson 
and the people there, concerning the causes of his non-ordination among them, 
and to do their best for removing any obstacle that may at present hinder his 
ordination; and if the Divine Providence shall thereby happily remove all 
obstructions, that then Mr. McNish and Mr. Pumry shall represent the same 
unto Mr. Andrews and other neighbouring ministers of the Presbytery ; and 
the Presbytery does appoint, that in case all the said obstructions be fairly 
removed, upon the request of the people, with the concurrence of Mr. Pierson, 
that then the said people do apply to Mr. Andrews, Mr. Jones, Mr. Orr, Mr. 
Pumry, Mr. Powell, and Mr. Bradner, for the ordination of the said Mr. Pier- 
son among them, and that they ordain him, as they shall upon trial find satis- 
faction, and do appoint that the ordination sermon be preached by Mr. An- 
drews or Mr. Powell, as they shall agree. 

Inquiry was made according to a former appointment of the ministers and 
the people's representatives, concerning their mutual affairs betwixt ministers 
and people in their respective congregations. 

Adjourned till half an hour after eight in the morning. 

Die veneris at half an hour after eight o'clock, sederunt ut supra. 

A letter from Mr. Davis came this day to us, wherein he gave reasons for 
his absence at this Presbytery, which were sustained. 

This day a letter from the people of Woodbridge was read and considered. 
The Presbytery are very well satisfied with the proposals made to Mr. Pier- 
son for his settlement among them, and do judge if Mr. Pierson make any 
other or higher demands upon that people, his demands shall be accounted 
unreasonable, and the people are not to be blamed for refusing them. And 
in that case it is recommended to the people, that they look out for another 
minister.* 

Adjourned till 3 o'clock, afternoon. 

At 3 o'clock, sederunt ut supra. 

Mr. Gelston's popular sermon was delivered, and after remarks thereupon, 
it was put to the vote, whether it should be accepted of as a part of his trials 
for ordination, which was carried in the affirmative. 

It having pleased Divine Providence so to increase our number, as that, 
after much deliberation, we judge it maybe more serviceable to the interest of 
religion, to divide ourselves into subordinate meetings or Presbyteries, consti- 
tuting one annually as a synod, to meet at Philadelphia or elsewhere, to con- 
sist of all the members of each subordinate Presbytery or meeting for this year 
at least: Therefore it is agreed by the Presbytery, after serious deliberation, 
that the first subordinate meeting or Presbytery, to meet at Philadelphia or 
elsewhere, as they shall see fit, do consist of these following members, viz: 
Masters Andrews, Jones, Powell, Orr, Bradner, and Morgan. And the se- 
cond to meet at New Castle or elsewhere, as they shall see fit, to consist of 
those, viz : Masters Anderson, McGill, Gillespie, Wotherspoon, Evans, and 

* Memorandum. 

Mr. John Pierson having performed these points of trial assigned him, viz: preached 
a popular sermon from Tit. iii. 8. Delivered an exegesis on that question, an justified- 
tio nostra sit ab ceterno aut in tempore proestita, answered to many questions touching 
theological matters, and also discovered his skill in the original languages ; all which 
being done to satisfaction, the said Mr. Pierson was ordained and set apart to the work 
of the ministry at Woodbridge, on the 29th day of April, 1717, by Masters Andrews, 
Pridden, Morgan, Orr, and Dickenson, before a very great assembly. 



44 MINUTES OF THE PRESBYTERY OF PHILADELPHIA. 

Conn. The third to meet at Snow-Hilll or elsewhere, to consist of these, viz : 
Masters Davis, Hampton, and Henry. And in consideration that only our 
brethren Mr. McNish and Mr. Pumry, are of our number upon Long-Island 
at present, we earnestly recommend it to them to use their best endeavours 
with the neighbouring brethren that are settled there, which as yet join not 
with us, to join with them in erecting a fourth Presbytery. And as to the 
time of the meeting of the respective Presbyteries, it is ordered that that be 
left to their own discretion. 

Ordered, That a book be kept by each of the said Presbyteries, containing 
a record of their proceedings, and that the said book be brought every year to 
our anniversary Synod to be revised. 

It is appointed by this Presbytery, that the affair of Mr. Pumry, with rela- 
tion to his people of Newton, on Long-Island, come under the consideration 
of the first Presby terial meeting that shall be upon the said Long-Island ; and 
if there shall not be such a meeting or Presbytery in some reasonable time, 
and if the said Mr. Pumry have not his grievances redressed, that then it be 
left to Mr. McNish and himself to determine as prudence shall direct, and be 
accountable to our next general meeting or Synod. 

With respect to session-books, mentioned in our last year's minutes, it is 
ordered, that they be brought into and revised by the respective Presbyteries, 
to which they shall after this time, according to our preceding appointment, 
belong. 

Adjourned till 8 o'clock, in the morning. 

At 8 o'clock, sederunt ut supra. 

Our next meeting being appointed as a Synod, it is ordered that the present 
moderator open the same by preaching; and that the Moderator of the last 
Synod open the next by preaching always for the time coming upon the first 
Tuesday of our meeting, at 10 o'clock. 

That the matter of Mr. Gelston's further trial and ordination, be entirely 
referred to Mr. McNish and Pumry, with what brethren they can there engage 
to join with them Presby terially on Long-Island. 

Ordered, That the business of further overtures be continued, to be brought 
in to our next annual Synod. 

Appointed that the first meeting of our said Synod be at Philadelphia, on 
the third Tuesday of September, in the year 1717. 

Adjourned till the third Tuesday of September, in the year 1717. 






INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. 



Notwithstanding the peculiar difficulties with which this early Presbytery- 
had to contend, and to which allusion is made in their records and correspon- 
dence, it received an annual accession to its numbers, and the growth of the 
infant Church became each year more promising. It will be perceived that 
at their meeting in September, 1716, the Presbytery had become so much 
enlarged, that it was resolved to divide it into four subordinate judicatories, or 
Presbyteries, which should be constituent members of an annual Synod, 
which assumed the name of the Synod of Philadelphia. This measure seem- 
ed to be dictated as well by convenience, as by a regard to the general interests 
of the Church, since it must have been almost impracticable, when the facili- 
ties for travelling were few, and the stipends of the ministerial members were 
exceedingly limited, to assemble them from several different provinces, as fre- 
quently as the interests of the Church might require. 

The records of these subordinate judicatories, after the organization of the 
first Synod, although highly important and interesting in themselves, do not 
form any part of this work.* The affairs of the Church were successfully 
and happily managed, under the control of the Synod of Philadelphia, until 
the rise of those differences, which in the year 1741, resulted in an extensive 
and unhappy schism. The cause of these dissensions was not diversity of 
sentiment on any of the cardinal doctrines of the gospel, for both parties 
alike adhered, in good faith, to the Westminster Confession and Catechisms; 
but a difference of opinion on measures, which while one party regarded as 
material to the progress of true religion, the other condemned as dangerous 
innovations. The history of the schism may be traced in the records which 
follow. These consist of the records of the Synod of Philadelphia from the 
year 1717 to 1758, including the period of the schism, and extending to the 
year in which it was healed by a re-union of the parties ; and also of the 
Synod of New York, which grew out of the schism, from the year 1745 to 
1758. In the year 1758, the Synods of Philadelphia and New York were 
united, and constituted the supreme judicatory of the Presbyterian Church, 
from that period, until the year 1789, when the General Assembly was orga- 
nized. 



* If the respective Presbyteries should undertake their publication, they would form a 
valuable contribution to our ecclesiastical history. 



46 



PART SECOND. 



THE MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA, 

FROM A. D. 1717 TO 1758. 



At a Synod held at Philadelphia, which began 

September llth, 1717. Post preces sederunt, 

Ministers: Messrs. George McNish, moderator, Jedidiah Andrews, James 
Anderson, George Gillespie, Robert Wotherspoon, Malachi Jones, David 
Evans, Samuel Pumry, John Bradner, Robert Orr, John Thomson, John 
Pierson, Jonathan Dickinson. — 13. 

Elders : John Snowden, Alexander White, Elias Naudain, Peter Watkins, 
Daniel Howell, John Rodes. — 6. 

For moderator this Synod was chosen Mr. Jedidiah Andrews, and Mr. 
Robert Wotherspoon was chosen clerk. 

There not being time for the reading of the last year's minutes this sede- 
runt, adjourned till eight o'clock to-morrow morning. 

Wednesday, at eight o'clock, sederunt ut supra, post preces. 

Mr. Bradner's excuse for his absence last year was sustained. 

The list of the ministers belonging to the Synod being read, it was found 
that Mr. Henry and Mr. Powell are dead. 

The minutes concerning Mr. Morgan being read, the whole affair relating 
to that minute was referred to that Presbytery whereof he is a member. 

The reasons of Mr. Conn's absence were by letter given, and sustained. 

Masters Gillespie, Wotherspoon, and Evans, supplied Kent county accord- 
ing to appointment, as also did Mr. Anderson. 

Mr. Thomson was ordained, according to appointment; Masters Gillespie 
and Bradner absent at that time ; and their excuses on that occasion were ac- 
cepted. 

Mr. Pierson was ordained, according to appointment, at Woodbridge, on 
the 29th of April, 1717. 

The brethren belonging to Long Island have done their endeavour for erect- 
ing a Presbytery there, and were successful. 

Some Presbyteries being defective in not bringing their Presbytery books, 
it was ordered that they should have them ready against the next meeting oi 
the Synod. 

The consideration of the minute made last year with respect to Mr. Pumry, 
referred to next sederunt. 

The moderator of the last Synod being hindered from being here at the 
time appointed by the last year's Synod, he was appointed to preach this da\ 
at ten o'clock, his Synodical sermon. 

Mr. Gelston was ordained at Southampton, April the 17th, 1717, by Mas- 
ters McNish, Philips, and Pumry, according to appointment. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, afternoon. 



SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 47 

M three o'clock, sederunt ut supra. 

Mr. McNish, the moderator of the last Synod, preached according to ap- 
pointment, on John xxi. 17. 

Mr. Pumry's business further delayed. 

Sustained Mr. Hampton's absence, upon the account of a necessity he lies 
under to go to his native country for the recovery of his health. 

Mr. John Thomson appointed to join with the Presbytery of New Castle, 
till such time as there is a competent number to make up a Presbytery in his 
neighbourhood. 

Mr. Gelston's letter, containing some frivolous excuses for his absence, 
was not sustained. 

A committee for overtures, consisting of Masters McNish, Andrews, Jones, 
Thomson, and Pierson, was appointed. 

Adjourned till ten o'clock to-morrow morning. 

Thursday, September \9th, sederunt ut supra. 

It being overtured to the Synod by the committee appointed for overtures, 
That it is to be proposed to the several members of the Synod, to contribute 
something to the raising a fund for pious uses, and that they do use their in- 
terest with their friends, on proper occasions, to contribute something to the 
same purpose, and that there be chosen a treasurer to keep what shall be col- 
lected, and that what is or may be gathered, be disposed of according to the 
discretion of the Synod. The overture was agreed upon and pursued, and 
Mr. Andrews is to be treasurer for this purpose till the next Synod. 

As to the affair of Mr. Pumry, a letter from his people being presented to 
the Synod by one of their number, representing their desire of Mr. Pumry's 
continuance among them as their pastor, the Synod did appoint the modera- 
tor, and Mr. Dickinson, to write to the said people, and show the letter to 
the Synod the next sederunt. 

Adjourned till 3 o'clock, afternoon. 

Jit 3 o'clock, sederunt ut supra. 

The Moderator and Mr. Dickinson brought in the letter for the people of 
Newtown according to appointment, and it was accepted. 

Mr. Robert Cross, probationer, lately come from Ireland, having presented 
his testimonials, after reading thereof, the Synod did approve of the same, 
and recommended him to the Presbytery of New Castle for further direction. 

Adjourned till 8 o'clock to-morrow. 

20lh day at 8 o'clock, sederunt ut supra. 

This day a call from the Presbyterian Congregation of New York being 
given in to the members of the Presbytery of New Castle, in order to be pre- 
sented to Mr. James Anderson; after they had considered of the same, 
together with Mr. Anderson's reasons for removal, did refer the whole affair 
to the Synod. 

The Synod taking into consideration the abovesaid business, ordered, that 
a committee of their number be appointed to receive and audit the reasons of 
the people of New Castle, if they have any to offer, against the removal of 
Mr. Anderson to New York or any other place ; and that the said committee 
do fully determine in that affair. Which committee is to consist of Messrs. 
McNish, Gillespie, Wotherspoon, Evans, Pumry, and Thomson, and to meet 
on Tuesday next, at 10 o'clock in the morning at New Castle, and that there 
be a letter writ to the people of New Castle by Masters Jones, Pumry, and 
Bradner, and to bring it against the next sederunt. 



48 MINUTES OF THE 

Mr. Pierson having asked liberty of the Synod to go home, it was grante 
him. 

Adjourned till 3 o'clock, afternoon. 

At 3 o'clock post merid. post preces sederunt ut supra. 

The letter that was appointed to be writ to the people of New Castle, wa 
read and approven. 

The affair of Andrew Van Dyke, that was referred from the Presbytery c 
New Castle to the Synod, came under consideration, and a considerable tim 
being spent in discoursing upon it, it was determined nemine contradicentt 
that his marriage with his brother's wife or widow was incestuous and unlawfu 
and their living together as the consequence of that marriage, is incestuous an 
unlawful ; and that so long as they live together, they be debarred from a 
sealing ordinances, and that Mr. Wotherspoon make intimation hereof to hi 
congregation in what time and manner he shall think convenient. 

Appointed that the next Synod meet at Philadelphia, on the third Tuesda; 
of September, 1718. 

Memorandum, That this day, viz : the twenty-third of this instant, Sep 
tember, 1718, according to appointment of Synod, was weighed and deliverer 
into the hands of Mr. Jedidiah Andrews, treasurer for the time being, the jus 
sum of eighteen pounds one shilling and six pence, for which he obliges him 
self, his heirs, Executors, and Administrators, to be accountable to the Synod 
unavoidable emergencies only excepted, as witness his hand and seal, the da] 
and year above mentioned. 

Jedidiah Andrews, [l. s.] 

Test, John Hampton. 

These are to testify, that there was an error in the summing up the mone^ 
above mentioned in the memorandum, by exceeding the sum expressed, on 
pound five shillings and eight pence. 

George McNish. 

At a Synod held at Philadelphia, which began, 

September the 16th, 17J8. 

Ministers present: Messrs. Jedidiah Andrews, George McNish, Johi 
Hampton, James Anderson, Daniel McGill, George Gillespie, Malachi Jones 
David Evans, Samuel Pumry, John Bradner, Robert Orr, Hugh Conn, Johi 
Thomson, John Pierson, Samuel Gelston, Joseph Morgan, Jonathan Dick 
inson, Henry Hook. — 18. 

Ministers absent'. Messrs. Samuel Davis, Geo. Philips, Joseph Lamb. — 3 

Elders present: Messrs. John Snowden, John'Gardner, William Williams 
Archibald Smith, Edmund Cropper, Alexander Bell. — 6. 

Three being nominated by the moderator, namely, Messrs. Malachi Jones 
Daniel McGill, and James Anderson, out of whom one to be chosen fo: 
moderator; Mr. Daniel McGill was chosen; and Mr. Samuel Gelston wa; 
chosen clerk. 

Mr. Robert Wotherspoon died about the latter end of May, 1718. 

The book of the Presbytery of Philadelphia being called for, it was pre 
sented. 

The book of the Presbytery of New Castle being called for by the Synod 
it was promised to produce it the next sederunt. 

The Presbytery book of Long-Island being called for, it was delayed to th< 
next sederunt. 

The Synod ordered Masters Anderson and Thomson to revise the Pres- 



SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 49 

bytery book of Philadelphia, and Masters Andrews and Jones to revise the 
Presbytery book of New Castle. 

This Synod being further informed of Mr. Gelston's absence last year, do 
accept his reasons. 

The affair concerning the fund, referred to the next sederunt. 

The committee reported the case concerning Mr. Anderson, viz : that they 
transported him from New Castle to New York, having had power lodged in 
them by the Synod to determine that affair. 

Mr. James Anderson reported to the Synod, that Mr. Wotherspoon had in 
due time observed the order of the Synod concerning Andrew Van Dyke's 
incestuous marriage with his brother's wife. 

Mr. Andrews preached from 1 Cor. hi. 11, on the third Tuesday of 7br. 
1718, at the opening of the Synod. 

The Synod ordered that a committee of bills and overtures, should be 
appointed to meet before the next sederunt of the Synod, and that they con- 
sider what matters have been orderly proceeded on, and what are suitable to 
be by them transmitted to the Synod. The Synod also ordering, that in any 
case of difficulty coming before the committee, they shall take the advice of 
the Synod. The Synod also appoints the reverend brethren, Masters An- 
drews, Hampton, Anderson, Gillespie, and the Moderator, to be members of 
the said committee, and that the committee meet at eight o'clock to-morrow 
morning, and the Synod at 3 o'clock in the afternoon. 

The Synod concluded with prayer and adjourned till 3 o'clock, post merid. 
to-morrow. 

17th day at 3 o'clock, sederunt ut supra. 

The Presbytery's book of New Castle was produced according to promise. 

The Presbytery's book of Long-Island being called for, it was delayed. 

The affair concerning the fund, referred till the next sederunt. 

Mr. William Tennent's affair being transmitted by the committee to the 
Synod, was by them fully considered, being well satisfied with his credentials, 
and the testimony of some brethren here present, as also they were satisfied 
with the material reasons which he offered concerning his dissenting from the 
established Church in Ireland; being put to a vote of the Synod, it was carried 
in the affirmative to admit him as a member of the Synod. Ordered, that his 
reasons be inserted in the Synod book ad futuram rei memoriam. The 
Synod also ordered that the moderator should give him a serious exhortation 
to continue steadfast in his now holy profession, which was done. 

The reasons of Mr. William Tennent for his dissenting from the estab- 
lished Church in Ireland, delivered by him to the Reverend Synod, held at 
Philadelphia, the 17th day of September, 1718. 

Imprimis. Their government by Bishops, Arch-Bishops, Deacons, Arch- 
Deacons, Canons, Chapters, Chancellors, Vicars, wholly anti-scriptuial. 

2. Their discipline by Surrogates, and Chancellors in their Courts Eccle- 
siastic, without a foundation in the word of God. 

3. Their abuse of that supposed discipline by commutation. 

4. A Diocesan Bishop cannot be founded jure divino upon those Epistles 
to Timothy or Titus, nor anywhere else in the word of God, and so is a 
mere human invention. 

5. The usurped power of the Bishops at their yearly visitations, acting all 
of themselves, without consent of the brethren. 

6. Pluralities of benefices. 

Lastly. The Churches conniving at the practice of Arminian doctrines in- 
consistent with the eternal purpose of God, and an encouragement of vice. 
Besides I could not be satisfied with their ceremonial way of worship. 
5 



50 MINUTES OF THE 

These, &c. have so affected my conscience, that I could no longer abide in ; 
church where the same are practised. Signed by 

William Tennent. 

Mr. Samuel Young, minister of the gospel, presenting his credentials fron 
the Presbytery of Armagh, met at Donaghraore, in the county of Down, in th< 
kingdom of Ireland, to this Synod ; they were cordially approved, and h< 
admitted a member nemine contradicente. 

The Synod adjourned till 10 o'clock to-morrow morning, and appointed th< 
committee to meet at eight, and then concluded with prayer. 

18/A day at 10 o'clock, sederunt ut supra. 

Mr. Pumry's absence was excused. 

The Presbytery's book of Long-Island being called for, they produced thei 
minutes. 

Masters Pierson and Bradner appointed to revise the Presbytery's minute 
of Long-Island. 

Masters Jones and Bradner's absence excused. 

Mr. McNish his absence excused. 

Mr. Gillespie reported that he recommended to his congregation to con 
tribute to the public fund, and that he received subscriptions for six pound 
odd money to be paid against next Synod. 

The Synod having considered the business of the public fund, did recom 
mend it to the several ministers, to use the methods that according to thei 
discretion, should seem best to answer the pious intention of it, and to appl; 
their utmost diligence therein. 

Mr. Jedidiah Andrews continued treasurer of the fund till next Synod 
And it is further ordered by the Synod, that the treasurer for the time bein 
have a book, Avherein the Synod shall have credit for the several sums he sha 
receive, and be charged debtor for what disbursements shall be made by th 
appointment of the Synod, and that some of their number whom they sha 
think fit to appoint, shall examine the said book yearly, and transmit th 
balance into the Synod book, which shall be subscribed and sealed to by th 
said treasurer, for which he, his heirs, executors, and administrators, shall b 
accountable to the Synod, excepting in case of unavoidable emergencies only 
and that a copy of the treasurer's obligation, signed and sealed by him, be del 
vered to some person whom the Synod shall appoint. 

The committee met as appointed. 

The Synod adjourned till three o'clock precisely, and concluded wit 
prayer. 

At 3 o'clock post mend, sederunt ut supra. 

The business concerning the fund referred till to-morrow morning; an 
that a collection be made then by those that shall be ready. 

Masters Dickinson and Young appointed to write a letter to Mr. Boysc 
minister in Dublin, to be communicated to the Presbytery there. 

Masters Hampton, McNish, and Anderson, appointed to write a letter t 
the ministers of London, as also another letter to Mr. Stirling, principal of th 
University of Glasgow, and another letter to the Synod of Glasgow. 

Masters John Clement and William Stewart, probationers, presented the] 
credentials from Britain to the Synod, which were considered and approvec 
As also a call from Pocomoke, being presented by them to Mr. John Ch 
ment, and another was presented from Monokin and Wicomico, to Mr. Wl 
Ham Stewart, both of which were approven by the Synod, and their ordinc 
tion appointed to be according to the usual methods, and performed by Master 



SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 51 

Samuel Davis, Hampton, and Thomson, and such of the Presbytery of New 
Castle as they shall think fit to call to their assistance, when those people and 
they are agreed about their settlement in the above said places. 

The Rev. Mr. John Hampton, having petitioned this Synod for a dismis- 
sion from his pastoral relation to the people of Snowhill, they considered that 
the said Mr. Hampton was not able to perform the office of a pastor to that 
people without apparent hazard of his life through bodily indisposition; the 
Synod, upon mature deliberation, having put the matter to vote, it was carried 
nemine contradicente, to accept of his demission, and to declare his congre- 
gation vacant, to the great regret of the Synod. 

The Synod adjourned till 10 o'clock, to-morrow morning, and concluded 
with prayer. 

19//i day at 10 o'clock, post preces sederunt ut supra. 

The letter writ by Masters Young and Dickinson was produced, read, and 
approved.* 

A collection was made for the fund by the Synod, according to appoint- 
ment. Mr. Dickinson delivered one pound twelve shillings from his congre- 
gation of Elizabeth-town, for the fund. 

Overtured, whether a sum out of the fund, not exceeding three pounds, be 
referred to three persons nominated by the Synod, to be disposed of according 
to their discretion, suitable to the design of the fund, and that this shall be no 
precedent for the future. 

The said overture concerning the fund being voted, was carried in the affirm- 
ative; and Masters Jones, Andrews, and McNish, were appointed by the 
Synod for that particular. 

Synod adjourned till 4 o'clock, post merid. 

* A Letter from the Synod to the Rev. John Boyse, minister in Dublin, to be communi- 
cated to the Presbytery there. 

Philadelphia, September \lth, 1718. 

Reverend Brethren: 

It may be presumed that you are not wholly strangers to the circumstances of these 
parts; how many poor souls are scattered to and fro in this wilderness, under awful 
danger of perishing for lack of vision. And it must needs be a matter of great satisfac- 
tion to you, to be informed of the earnest breathings of many small and poor places among 
us, after the most precious privileges of gospel ordinances, and of the late addresses of 
sundry of them to us for supply. 

But Sirs, the paucity and poverty of these people render them utterly incapable to sup- 
port the ministry among them, could they obtain it ; and there lies, therefore, upon them 
a deplorable necessity of still continuing in the same circumstances of darkness that they 
are now in, which may render both themselves and posterity miserable Pagans, unless 
some methods can be found out for their speedy assistance in the maintaining of such 
ministers as we would direct them to, which is what we are at present altogether unable 
to compass. And yet in faithfulness to our great Lord, and the souls of these poor people, 
we dare not but use our utmost essays, to strengthen their hands in this day of small 
things, lest this spark, which is but newly kindled, may be utterly extinguished, which 
gives occasion for this address unto you for your charitable assistance in so momentous 
an affair. 

We have heard of the liberality of many gentlemen and others of our persuasion with 
you, on such like occasions, and dare not, therefore, doubt of their cheerful compliance 
with this our request, when you have communicated these circumstances to them. 

Thus earnestly petitioning your endeavours for the relief of these poor people, and your 
answer to this address, we conclude with recommending you and your religious concerns, 
to the guidance and blessing of our common Lord. Signed in the name and by the 
appointment of the Synod, &c. 

Be pleased to direct yours to the Rev. Mr. Jedidiah Andrews, minister, at PhiladeL 
phia.— [Letter Book.} 



52 MINUTES OF THE 

The Synod met at four o'clock, and adjourned till eight o'clock, to-morrow 
morning. 

ZOth day at 8 o'clock, sederunt, &c. 

The letter to the ministers of London was read and approved.* 

Referred the supplying the several vacancies, to the several Presbyteries tc 
which they belong. 

The Synod recommended it to Masters Young and Tennent to apply them 
selves to what Presbytery within the bounds of the Synod they should thinl 
convenient. 

The Presbytery's book of Philadelphia, was revised and approved by the 
Synod. 

Adjourned till 5 o'clock, post merid. 

Met at five o'clock and adjourned to eight o'clock, 22d day. 

22(7 day at 8 o'clock, post preces sederunt ut supra. 

The Synod ordered that the Presbytery of Long-Island do revise theii 
minutes, and transcribe them into an orderly book against the next Synod. 

The Synod ordered that the Presbytery" of New Castle do revise theii 
minutes, and transcribe them into an orderly book against the next Synod. 

The Synod refers the writing of the letters to Principal Sterling and th( 
Synod of Glasgow, to the discretion of Mr. McNish, Hampton, and An- 
derson. 

The Synod being informed, that there is a probability of Mr. McNish, his 



* To the much honoured and very reverend Dissenting Ministers at London. 

The representation of their unworthy brethren, met at Philadelphia, September the 
16th, 1718. 

1. They represent, that though it has pleased God to afflict them much, by a remova 
of several of their number who were useful, yet it has also pleased the same gracious 
God, daily, rather to increase than decrease their number, by a continual supply of more 
than has been taken away, which to them is some comfortable evidence, that God has 
some good work to do in these parts of the world. 

2. That there are now in number twenty-three ordained ministers and three probation- 
ers, who all have agreed to unite their endeavours annually at Philadelphia, for spreading 
and propagating the gospel of Christ in these dark parts of the world, viz : in the pro. 
vinces of New York, the Jerseys, Pennsylvania and the territories, Maryland and Vir 
ginia. In all which, excepting the last, some of the aforesaid ministers do reside. 

3. That all these ministers and probationers, aforesaid, are already either settled, oi 
have prospect of settlement. 

4. That notwithstanding there are still many vacancies, who either cry to us for help, 
or their desolate condition and the seeming good disposition of some among them, give 
us ground to hope, that if they could be provided with able and faithful ministers, the 
happy effect of it would soon appear. 

5. That most of these places yet to be planted with a gospel ministry, are incapable at 
present of sufficiently supporting ministers among them, and therefore crave help of all 
well disposed Christians every where, especially, if possibly it can be, of the city oi 
London. 

6. That we ourselves have begun a small fund for this and other religious purposes 
among us, but alas ! it is yet so small that little or nothing can be done by it. 

7. That there is nothing we desire more than the honour and comfort of a yearly cor- 
respondence with you, our very reverend and dear brethren, whom we so much esteem 
in the Lord, if it were but to have your countenance, concurrence, and advice, in the 
great and common work of our Lord and his kingdom. 

Lastly. These things we have presumed in great humility to lay before you, hoping 
they may have some good effect to the glory of God, good of his Church, your satisfac- 
tion, and our comforts and refreshments, which, that they may prove so, is the earnest 
prayer of, honourable and reverend sirs, yours in the Lord. — [tetter Book.] 



SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 53 

going to Britain upon some important business, and considering that he may 
do some service to the common interest of religion in these parts of the world; 
that he may the better succeed in his endeavours to serve that design, the 
Synod thinks tit that he be enabled by the Synod, with proper recommenda- 
tions from them. The Synod, therefore, for his encouraging in so good a 
design and undertaking, do appoint for a committee of the Synod, Masters 
Jones, Andrews, Anderson, Dickinson, and Pierson, with as many others as 
can attend to meet at Woodbridge, at such a time as the above said Mr. 
McNish shall appoint, he giving the said members a month's notice, giving 
them full power to concert all such proper methods and ways, to enable Mr. 
McNish to undertake and act for us and in our name, and to the general good 
of religion as they shall judge fitting. It is also appointed that the said com- 
mittee do furnish the said Mr. McNish with proper credentials and all such 
instructions as they shall think fit for answering the end abovesaid. 

The Synod appoints the management of the funds as directed by a prece- 
ding minute to Masters Jones, Hampton, and McNish, and to make report to 
the next Synod. 

The Synod adjourned till the third Wednesday of September, at 10 o'clock, 
ante merid, 1719. 

At a Synod held at Philadelphia, which met 

September the 16/A, 1719. Being the third Wednesday of the month. 

The Synod was opened by a sermon preached by Mr, Daniel McGill, on 
Heb. ii. 1. 

Post preces the roll was called. 

Ministers present: Messrs. Daniel McGill, Jedidiah Andrews, George Gil- 
lespie, David Evans, John Bradner, Robert Orr, Hugh Conn, John Thom- 
son, Robert Cross. 

Elders: Messrs. Thomas Wallice, Thomas Gordon, Andrew Wallice, 
James Stoddert, John Snowden, Dr. John Nicols. 

Ministers absent : Messrs. George McNish, John Hampton, Malachi 
Jones, Samuel Pumry, John Pierson, Samuel Gelston, Joseph Morgan, Jona- 
than Dickinson, Henry Hook, Samuel Young, William Tennent, John Cle- 
ment, William Stewart, Samuel Davis, George Philips, Joseph Lamb, 
James Anderson. 

Mr. Andrews was chosen clerk. 

Two being nominated by the moderator, namely, Masters John Thomson, 
and George Gillespie, out of whom one to be chosen moderator, Mr. Thom- 
son was chosen. 

The minutes of the last Synod ordered to be read over. 

The appointment of the Synod with respect to the ordination of Masters 
John Clement, and William Stewart, was complied with, they being solemnly 
set apart to the work of the ministry, by the Rev. Masters Samuel Davis, 
John Hampton, and John Thomson, at Rehoboth, in Somerset county, in 
Maryland, upon day of June, 1719. 

Ordered, That an inquiry be made about the letters sent to Britain and 
Ireland the last year, when the Synod shall be more full. 

The whole affair concerning the Presbyteries' books referred till after- 
wards. 

The affair concerning the fund deferred till afterwards. 

The business with respect to Mr. McNish his going to Britain, mentioned 
in the last year's minutes, was dropt. 

The moderator, Masters Andrews, McGill, and Gillespie, appointed for a 
committee for bills and overtures. . 

5* 



54 MINUTES OF THE 

The committee to meet to-morrow, ante meridiem, at eight o'clock. 
Adjourned till ten o'clock, to-morrow, ante meridiem, 

17 day at ten o'clock, post preces, sederunt, fyc. 

Masters McNish, Anderson, and Gelston, gave satisfactory reasons to thi 
Synod for their not attending before this session. 

Mr. Hampton signified his inability to attend, by letter. 

Mr. Jones is dangerously sick. Mr. Pierson sick, as likewise Master 
Young, Clement, and Hook. Mr. Dickinson necessarily detained by hi 
brother's sickness. 

Mr. McNish and Mr. Anderson did write to the Synod of Glasgow, and t< 
the Principal of the college there, as appointed. 

The Presbytery books ordered to be brought in next sederunt. 

The Synod ordered that a committee should be chosen to inquire and in 
spect into the affair of the fund, and receive whai money shall be brought i] 
now, and consider of some proper methods of disposing of it to the best advan 
tage for answering its end. 

The Synod ordered that the moderator, Masters McNish, Anderson, Stod 
dert, Conn, Bradner, and Andrews, be the members of the said committee. 

Whereas there was a petition from the Presbyterian congregation of Ne\ 
York presented to the Synod, it was ordered that that petition should be deli 
berated upon by the above committee, and their sentiments transmitted to th 
Synod. 

Ordered, That the above committee relating to the fund, do meet at fiv 
o'clock in the afternoon. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, post meridiem. 

Jit three o'clock post meridiem, post preces, sederunt ut supra. 

The book of the Presbytery of Philadelphia was not produced by reason < 
Mr. Dickinson's absence. 

Masters On* and Cross appointed to revise the Presbytery's book of Lon 
Island. 

Masters McNish and Anderson appointed to revise the Presbytery's boo 
of New Castle. 

The papers of the Presbytery of New Castle relating to the appeal of Abn 
ham Emmitt, and his two sons, voted to be read. 

The Synod having heard all the papers with respect to Mr. Emmitt's aj 
peal, deferred the full consideration thereof till to-morrow morning. 

Adjourned till seven o'clock precisely, to-morrow morning. 

18 day, post preces, sederunt ut supra, at seven o'clock. 

It was overtured to the Synod by the committee appointed to consider < 
the fund, that a tenth part of the neat produce'of the Glasgow collection t 
given to the Presbyterian congregation of New York towards the support < 
the gospel among them, and that a letter be sent to them from the Synod r< 
lating to their circumstances ; which overture was approved by the Syno< 
and the moderator and Mr. Cross were appointed to write said letter, whic 
letter is to be brought into the Synod for approbation. 

The business of Mr. Emmitt, and of his sons' appeal from the judgmei 
of the Presbytery of New Castle came again before us, and it was judge< 
nemine contradicente, that the appeal was groundless. And the Synod doe 
hereby approve of the whole proceedings of the Presbytery of New Cast 
in reference to that whole affair. And further, if in any thing the said Pre; 
bytery have failed as to their judgment in this affair, it is in too much lenit 
towards the appellants. 



SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 55 

2. That our Rev. Brother, Mr. Gillespie, is falsely and groundlessly 
charged by the appellants, when they allege of him an insufficiency as to 
ministerial abilities, and the grounds which the said appellants found their 
charge upon are altogether inconclusive and false. 

And further, it is Ordered, That the said appellants be discharged from the 
participation of the sealing ordinances of Christ, until they give satisfaction 
to the minister and session of their now present congregation for their offen- 
sive carriage. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, post meridiem. 

Post Meridiem, sederunt ut supra. 

It being overtured by the committee concerning the fund, that such a num- 
ber of persons as the Synod thinks tit to be nominated, shall be empowered 
to receive the collection of the Synod of Glasgow and Ayr, if it arrives safe'in 
goods, and put them into the hands of some substantial persons, to be sold to 
the best advantage for money, and to account with said persons for the sale 
thereof, and receive the neat produce for the use of the fund ; and likewise, 
after receipt thereof, to let the same to use upon good security, after paying 
to New York congregation what is allowed to them. This overture was ap- 
proved of by the Synod. And the Synod appoints that if the said goods 
arrive at New York, that Masters McNish, Anderson, and Tennent, or any 
two of them ; or in case the said goods arrive at Philadelphia, that then Mas- 
ters Andrews, Jones, and Cross, or any two of them, have power to dispose 
of said goods as abovesaid. And that the two parties abovesaid, or a majo- 
rity of them, concert together about the letting out the money received for 
said goods to interest, for which they shall be accountable to the Synod. 

Being further overtured by the committee that a letter be writ, (a copy of 
which to be given to every minister belonging to this Synod,) recommending 
a yearly collection to be gathered in every particular congregation for pious 
uses, to be sent yearly to the Synod by their minister or elder, it was ap- 
proved. And Mr. Andrews is appointed to write the said letter, and to bring 
it into the Synod for approbation. 

Mr. McNish added to the committee for bills and overtures. 

The committee for bills and overtures appointed to meet to-morrow at eight 
o'clock, ante meridiem. 

Mr. Pumry's letter of excuse for his absence was read, and his excuse sus- 
tained. 

Masters McNish, Anderson, and Gillespie, appointed to preach here next 
Sabbath day. 

Adjourned till ten o'clock to-morrow morning. 

19 day. Post preces, sederunt ut supra. 

There was a letter sent £6 the Synod from the people of Patuxent, which 
the committee does overture may be considered by the Presbytery of New 
Castle and correspondents, and it was approved. 

Overtured that Mr. McGill and Mr. Orr have synodical testimonials, they 
having at present no particular pastoral charges, and being uncertain how and 
where Providence may dispose of them; it was granted them, and Mr. An- 
drews is appointed to write said testimonials, and to bring them in for the ap- 
probation of the Synod. 

The Synod appoints the committee for bills and overtures do write a letter 
to the people of Snowhill, in answer to theirs to the Synod. 

The Synod having received a letter from the people of Potomoke, in Vir- 
ginia, requesting the Synod's care and diligence to provide them an able gos- 
pel minister to settle among them, it was appointed that the Rev. Mr. Daniel 



56 MINUTES OF THE 

McGill should go and preach to that people in order to settlement upon mutual 
agreement, and that a letter be writ to said people by Masters Conn and Cross, 
and by them be brought into the Synod for approbation. 

The committee for the fund appointed to meet at eight o'clock, ante meri- 
diem, on Monday next. 

Adjourned till ten o'clock, ante meridiem, on Monday next. 



21 day. According to appointment, post preces, sederunt ut supra. 

The letter to be sent to the several congregations was brought in by Mr. 
Andrews, and approved.* 

Ordered, That an authentic copy of said letter be given to every* Presby- 
tery of the Synod, signed by the moderator and clerk. 

Overtured by the committee for the fund that the widow of the Rev. Mr. 
John Willson is considered as a person worthy of the regard of this Synod, 
as to her present circumstances, and it is proposed that four pounds be now 
given her out of the present fund, and that a discretionary power be lodged 
with Mr. Andrews, if he sees necessity requires, to give her some further 
supply out of the said fund, between this and the next Synod, not exceeding 
three pounds, and it was approved. 

It is appointed by the Synod, that the money that is now in bank, be 
entrusted to the trustees of the Glasgow collection afore mentioned, that they 
or any three of them shall have power to let out to interest said money, and 
that those that let out said money shall be accountable to the next Synod. 

The committee for bills and overtures, appointed to meet half an hour after 
3 o'clock, in the evening. 

Adjourned till 4 o'clock, post merid. 

Post merid. according to appointment, post preces sederunt ut supra. 
There was brought into the fund during the sitting of this Synod, from several 



* The letter of the Synod now sitting at Philadelphia, to the several congregations with- 
in the bounds of the Synod. 

September^, 1719. 
Christian Friends, 

Whereas Divine Providence, which is the Disposer of the lot of all men, has planted 
us in these parts of the world, and in such a station wherein we are obliged, in an emi- 
nent manner, to study the everlasting welfare of the souls of men. And whereas, to our 
great grief and exercise, w T e see many smaller places of lesser ability to maintain and 
support the interest of Christ among them, by the ordinary means of salvation, and yet 
desirous thereof, languishing in darkness and blindness, and in great danger of utter ruin 
for lack of vision; casting in our minds how to get these miserable people relieved, could 
think upon no other way than by using our utmost interest and endeavour to have such 
a fund or stock of money raised as may be of some use- to help those distressed places 
and people. In pursuance of which design we have addressed our friends in Britain 
and Ireland not altogether without success. 

And forasmuch as it seems to us unreasonable and unjustifiable to apply to other 
places in this affair, and ourselves, who are more immediately concerned, to hold our 
hands, we determined to request the charity of our respective congregations in the pre- 
mises, that they would yearly make a collection for the carrying on of the said noble and 
pious design of planting and spreading the everlasting gospel in these provinces. 

As for arguments to enforce this our proposal, the thing itself is of such consequence 
and importance, and withal so needful, that we need not, we hope, use any other, only 
the consideration of a blessing entailed, in this and the other world, by God's gracious 
promises, on all such as do cheerfully exert themselves for the glory of God and the 
good of souls, together with the honourable examples that are frequently set us by the 



good people of our own nation both at home and abroad. So recommending you to the 
counsel and blessing of the Author and Re warder of all good works, we subscribe our- 
selves yours in the truest bonds of Christian affections.— [Letter Book.] 



SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 57 

persons, the sum of twenty-one pounds, seven shillings and ten pence; be- 
sides a bill of exchange of fourteen pounds, five shillings sterling money, 
from Mr. Hampton, together with sixteen pounds, fifteen shillings, Pennsyl- 
vania money, that was before in the hands of Mr. Jedidiah Andrews, the trea- 
surer of the fund. 

Adjourned till eight o'clock, to-morrow morning. 

22e7 day, according to appointment, post preces sederunt ut supra. 

The letter to the Presbyterian congregation, New York, was brought in 
and approved. 

The Presbytery book of New Castle, was revised and approved by the 
Synod, unto the end of sessio septima in page nineteen, as is to be seen in the 
margin of said book in the above said page nineteen. 

Ordered, That the Presbytery of Long-Island get a new well ordered book 
against the next Synod, and that they leave marginal room for Synodical 
amendments. 

Mr. McNish reported, that of the sum not exceeding three pounds, for the 
disposing of which Masters McNish, Jones, and Andrews, had a discretionary 
power lodged in them, there was only one pound ten shillings disposed of. 

The letter to the people of Potomoke, in Virginia, was brought in and 
approved of. 

Letters testimonial were given to Mr. Daniel McGill and Mr. Robert Orr, 
according to appointment, a copy of which is ordered to be kept in retentis. 

The minutes for the Synod's this year's meeting, were read and approved. 

Appointed that the meeting of the next Synod be the third Wednesday of 
September next, at Philadelphia. 

At a Synod held at Philadelphia, 

September 22, 1720. Post preces, the roll was called. 

Ministers present: Messrs. Daniel McGill, Jedidiah Andrews, George 
Gillespie, George McNish, David Evans, John Bradner, Robert Cross, Malachi 
Jones, Joseph Morgan, Jonathan Dickinson, Henry Hook, Samuel Young, 
William Stewart, John Clement, James Anderson, Joseph Webb, John 
Orme. 

Elders present: Messrs. John Nicols, Caleb Ward, Benjamin Armitage, 
Archibald Edmundson, Alexander White, James Abraham, Thomas January, 
Christophel Van Sandt, Jonathan Smith, John Colwell, Isaac Piper, Daniel 
Smith. 

Ministers absent: Messrs. Hugh Conn, John Thomson, John Hampton, 
Samuel Pumry, John Pierson, Samuel Gelston, William Tennent, Samuel 
Davis, George Philips, Joseph Lamb. 

Mr. Malachi Jones, chosen moderator, and Mr. Jonathan Dickinson, clerk. 

According to last year's appointment, the Synod should have met yesterday, 
but were hindered by bad weather. 

Mr. John Thomson, who was moderator last year, was absent by reason of 
sickness, for which cause the Synodical sermon was not preached. 

Mr. John Pierson sent the reason of his absence by letter, which was sus- 
tained. Mr. Hugh Conn and Mr. William Tennent, sent the reasons of their 
absence by letter, which were sustained. 

The minutes of last year ordered to be read. 

The Moderator, Masters Andrews, McGill, Young, Anderson, and Dick- 
inson, appointed for a committee for bills and overtures. 



58 MINUTES OF THE 

Mr. Hampton absent by reason of sickness. 

The Presbytery books ordered to be brought in next sederunt. 

The whole affair respecting the fund continued. 

Mr. Morgan appointed to preach to-morrow, at eleven o'clock. 

Masters Gillespie, Dickinson, and Stewart, appointed to preach here nex 
Lord's day. 

Mr. McGill reported to the Synod, that according to last year's appoint 
ment, he went to Potomoke, in Virginia, and after some month's contiuuanc 
there, put the people into church order. 

The said Congregation of Potomoke, in Virginia, have sent a letter to th 
Synod, manifesting their hearty approbation of Mr. McGill's whole conduc 
among them, and desiring his settling with them as their minister. 

The affair of Potomoke deferred till afterwards. 

An inquiry with respect to what the respective ministers have done abou 
the annual collections, delayed. 

Mr. John Orme presented to the Synod his testimonials relating to hi 
ordination to and qualifications for the gospel ministry, which the Synoi 
was satisfied with; and upon his desire, he was received a member of th 
Synod. 

The committee for bills and overtures, appointed to meet half an hour afte 
two o'clock, this afternoon. 

Adjourned till four o'clock, post merid. 



Half an hour after 4 o'clock, P. M. post preces sederunt ut supra. 

Masters Gillespie and Evans, appointed to revise the Presbytery book c 
Philadelphia. 

Masters Morgan and Hook, appointed to revise the Presbytery book c 
New Castle. 

Masters Bradner and Stewart, appointed to revise the Presbytery book c 
Long-Island. 

Ordered, That the committee for bills and overtures, do bring in an ovei 
ture for the better settling our Presbyteries. 

The affair respecting the fund further continued. 

The affair of Potomoke further continued. 

The affair of collections further delayed. 

An address from the people of Gloucester and Pilesgrove, supplicating th 
advice and assistance of the Synod, for the settling of the gospel among them 
and in particular with relation to Mr. James Morehead, that has lately preachei 
among them, was read and considered. 

And the said Mr. Morehead, offering himself to be admitted a member o 
the Synod, and producing his certificates, which being viewed and deliberate! 
upon by the Synod, were unanimously voted not valid ; and more especially 
a writing produced by him as a testimonial of his ordination. This, togethe 
with other reasons, viz : his irregular and factious carriage in his own coun 
try, (as appeared by his owr^ confession, and the personal knowledge o 
several members of this Synod,) together with his scandalous and disorderly 
behaviour since he came into America, (as manifestly appeared,) has causec 
the Synod to refuse him admittance into their number, and to lay a chargi 
upon all their members to give him no encouragement as a minister, but t< 
advertise all as they have opportunity, and occasion to beware of him. 

Ordered, That an extract of this minute, with relation to Mr. Morehead 
signed by the clerk, be given to every Presbytery belonging to this Synod. 

Adjourned till to-morrow, at eight o'clock. 



SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 59 

23c? day at eight o'clock, post preces sederunt ut supra. 

The affair respecting the fund further continued. 

Ordered, That the affair of Potomoke, be considered by the committee for 
bills and overtures. 

The affair of collections further delayed. 

The letter from Gloucester and Pilesgrove being reviewed, it was ordered 
that Mr. Morgan preach at Gloucester next Lord's day, and he carry with 
him an extract of the minutes of the Synod with relation to Mr. Morehead, 
and read it to that congregation. 

Mr. Hook ordered to preach at Pilesgrove the next Lord's day come s'en- 
night, and carry with him an extract of the minutes of this Synod with rela- 
tion to Mr. Morehead, and read it to the congregation. 

Mr. Andrews appointed to write a letter to the people of Gloucester 
and Pilesgrove, in answer to theirs, and bring it in to-morrow morning. 

What further concerns the people of Gloucester and Pilesgrove, referred to 
the Presbytery of Philadelphia. 

A letter from Mr. Pumry, by way of excuse for his absence being read, 
was not sustained. Mr. McNish appointed to tell him so. 

The committee for bills and overtures, appointed to meet at three o'clock, 
afternoon. 

Adjourned till half an hour after three o'clock, Post Meridiem. 

Half an hour after three o'clock, P. M. post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the committee for bills and overtures, together with Mr. 
McNish and Mr. Bradner added to them, be a committee about the affair of 
the fund. 

Ordered, That every minister of this Synod do their diligence to obtain 
what collection they can from their respective congregations toward the fund, 
as was appointed last Synod. 

The affair of Mr. Clement came into consideration and is continued. 

Adjourned till eight o'clock to-morrow morning. 

24 day, at 8 o'clock, post preces, sederunt ut supra. 

The papers sent to the Synod by some elders of the Church at Rehoboth? 
by way of complaint against Mr. Clement, their minister, were delivered to 
said Mr. Clement, to be perused, and answered in writing the next Monday, 
at ten o'clock, ante meridiem. 

A letter from James Mitchell read, and the consideration of it delayed. 

The supplication of Abraham Emmitt being read, is deferred till the next 
sederunt. 

An address from some people in and about Birmingham, upon Brandywine, 
read in the Synod, and is continued. 

The letter to Gloucester and Pilesgrove read and approved. 

Adjourned till Monday morning, at ten o'clock. 

26 day, ten o'clock, post preces, sederunt ut supra. 
The affair of Mr. Clement delayed. 

The consideration of James Mitchell's letter further delayed. 
The supplication of Abraham Emmitt delayed. 
The address from Birmingham delayed. 

The affair of New York coming under consideration, was deferred till 
afternoon. 

Adjourned till four o'clock, P. M. 



(JO MINUTES OF THE 

P. M. four o'clock, post preces, sederunt ut supra. 

After a full hearing and long reasoning upon the case represented b) 
Messrs. Livingston and Smith, touching Mr. Anderson's settling at Nev, 
York ; the question was put whether the proceedings of the Presbytery o 
Long Island, in the settling Mr. Anderson at New York, were regular? An( 
it was carried in the affirmative by a great majority. 

Ordered, That Mr. Andrews and Mr. Dickinson write a letter to Messrs 
Livingston and Smith, &c. 

The sentiments of the Synod concerning two sermons read before them 
preached at New York by Mr. Anderson, and complained of by Messrs. Liv 
ingston and Smith, is, that they could wish that they had been delivered ii 
softer and milder terms in some passages, though the Synod approves of the 
substance of the sermons as orthodox and godly. 

Ordered, That the moderator, Mr. Gillespie, and Mr. Evans, write a lette] 
to the Presbyterian congregation at New York, and bring it into the Synod. 

Adjourned till ten o'clock to-morrow morning. 

27 day, ten o'clock, post preces, sederunt ut supra. 
The letter to Messrs. Livingston and Smith, &c. read and approved. 
Mr. Clement brought his answer in writing to the papers sent to the Synoc 
from Rehoboth, which being considered, was further delayed. 
Adjourned till four o'clock, P. M. 

Four o'clock, P. 31. Post preces, sederunt ut supra. 

Overtured, That a committee be sent to Rehoboth, with full power fron 
the Synod to act in their names, and by their authority, in the affair betweei 
Mr. Clement and that people, and that Mr. Clement be suspended from th< 
exercise of his ministry, until the determination of that committee. Thi: 
overture was carried by vote in the affirmative, nernine contradicente. 

Ordered, That Masters McNish, McGill, Thomson, Stewart, Gillespie 
and Hook, or any three of them, be a committee for said purpose, and t< 
meet at said place the fourth Friday of October next. 

Ordered, That each of the mentioned ministers carry an elder with him i 
he can. 

Ordered, That an extract of this minute be given to said committee. 

Adjourned till to-morrow morning, nine o'clock. 

28th day. Nine o'clock. Post preces, sederunt ut supra. 

The Synod having received letters from Snowhill, by way of complain 
against Mr. Samuel Davis, have appointed Masters McNish, McGill, Hamp 
ton, Thomson, Stewart, Gillespie, and Hook, or any three of them, to be ; 
committee to go to Snowhill, with full power to hear, examine, and deter 
mine about the complaints made, or to be made, against the said Mr. Davis 
Which affair is to be determined by said committee, before the committee ap 
pointed in the business of Mr. Clement, return home. 

Upon a motion of an interloquimr of the ministers of the Synod, by Mr 
McNish, Ordered, That the ministers meet, pursuant to said motion, at threi 
o'clock, P. M. 

The consideration of James Mitchell's letter further delayed. 

Adjourned till six o'clock, P. M. 

29th day, at nine o'clock, d. 31. Post preces, sederunt ut supra 
The Synod being necessarily hindered from sitting at the time appointed 
have deferred their meeting until now. 

The interloquitur of the ministers of the Synod was held according to ap 



SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 61 

pointaient. Another interloquitur appointed to be held at three o'clock, post 
meridiem. 

The Synod being addressed by letters from Abraham Emmitt, senior, Abra- 
ham Emmitt, junior, and Josias Emmitt, petitioning their reconsideration of 
the case between Mr. Gillespie and them. The Synod, upon serious consid- 
eration, find reason to confirm their former sentence, any reasons now offer- 
ed to the contrary by said Emmitts notwithstanding. And it is ordered by 
the Synod, that the said Emmitts be still discharged from the participation of 
sealing ordinances until they give this following satisfaction, viz. that they 
own their fault before the session, in uttering defamatory speeches against the 
ministerial abilities of Mr. George Gillespie, and shall manifest their sorrow 
for having done so. 

There being an overture brought from the committee for bills and overtures 
that ten pounds out of the fund be given for the encouragement and support 
of such ministers as shall preach to the people of Gloucester and Pilesgrove, 
to be disposed of at the discretion of the Presbytery of Philadelphia, or any 
two of them, it was agreed to by the Synod. 

Ordered, That Mr. McGill and Mr. Young write a letter to the Synod of 
Glasgow and Ayr, and another to Mr. Stirling, principal of the college of Glas- 
gow, in answer to theirs, representing the hearty thanks of this Synod for 
their kindness to the interest of religion in these Avilderness parts. 

Ordered, That the letter two years ago by this Synod to the ministers of 
London, be transcribed and directed severally to Dr. Calamy, Mr. John Nes- 
bitt, and Mr. James Anderson, with a short postscript to each. 

Adjourned till four o'clock, post meridiem. 

Four o'clock, P. M. Post preces, sederunt ut supra. 

The interloquitur of the ministers of the Synod was held according to ap- 
pointment, with relation to an affair respecting Mr. Robert Cross, referred to 
the Synod by the Presbytery of New Castle. 

Adjourned till to-morrow morning, eight o'clock. 

BOth day. Post preces, sederunt ut supra, at eight o'clock. 

The affair of Mr. Robert Cross transmitted from the interloquitur of the 
Synod, came into consideration before the Synod, wherein the charge of for- 
nication laid against him, with its aggravations, were fully heard and consi- 
dered with great deliberation, and also charged upon him by the moderator, 
in the face of the synod, and before several other discreet persons who were 
desired to be present. And the said Mr. Robert Cross did, with great seri- 
ousness, humility, and signs of true repentance, confess the charge laid against 
him, and in all respects did so behave himself as was universally satisfactory 
to the Synod, and the other persons present. 

Overtured, That Mr. Cross be suspended by act of the Synod four Sab- 
baths, and at the expiration of said time he have liberty again to preach the 
gospel. And that at the desire of the congregation of New Castle, or their 
representatives in their name, he may be again restored to the exercise of his 
ministry in that place, by a committee of the Synod, and that the said com- 
mittee meet at said place at least three days before the expiration of the said 
time. 

This overture was agreed to by the Synod. 

Ordered, That Mr. Jones, Mr. Andrews, Mr. Young, Mr. McGill, Mr. 
Evans, or any three of them,, be the said committee. 

Ordered, That Mr. McGill preach the second, Mr. Young the third, Mr. 
Hook the fourth Sabbath in next month, at New Castle, 

Adjourned till four o'clock, post meridiem, 
6 



62 MINUTES OF THE 

Four o'clock, P. M. Post preces, sederunt ut supra. 

Mr. McGill appointed to preach at Kent county, and to the people at Bir- 
mingham, on Brandy wine, or to either or both of them as he in Christian pru- 
dence shall find occasion. 

The letter to the congregation of New York was read and approved. 

Overtured, That a commission of the Synod be appointed to act in th€ 
name, and with the whole authority of the Synod, in all affairs that shall come 
before them, and particularly that the whole affair of the fund be left to theii 
conduct, and that they be accountable to the Synod; which overture was ap- 
proved by the Synod. 

Masters Jones, Andrews, McNish, Anderson, Dickinson, and Evans, ap- 
pointed for said commission, any three whereof to be a quorum. 

The Presbytery books were each of them, according to appointment, re- 
vised and approved by the Synod. 

The business concerning the regulation of Presbyteries, deferred till the 
next Synod. 

The letters to Glasgow read and approved. 

Mr. Gillespie entered his protest and dissent against the procedure of the 
Synod with respect to the affair of Mr. Robert Cross. 

The Synod adjourned until the third Wednesday of September next, ther 
to meet at Philadelphia.* 

At a Synod held at Philadelphia, 

September 20th, 1721. Post preces sederunt. 

Ministers: Messrs. Daniel McGill, Jedidiah Andrews, George Gillespie 
George McNish, Malachi Jones, David Evans, Joseph Morgan, Jonathar 
Dickinson, James Anderson, Joseph Webb, John Orme, William Tennent 
John Thomson, Samuel Gelston, Samuel Pumry, Hugh Conn, Henrv Hook 
Samuel Davis, John Pierson, Robert Cross, William Stewart. 

Messrs. John Bradner, John Clement, George Philips, and Joseph Lamb 
were absent. 

Elders present: Messrs. Robert Gordon, John Snowden, Robert Finnev 
John David, John Gardner, Johannes Vandegrift, Robert Ogden, Thomas 
Odell, and Ephraim Sealy. 

Mr. Jonathan Dickinson was chosen moderator, and Mr. David Evans was 
chosen clerk. 

The Synod to their great sorrow found that our reverend brethren, Mr, 
Samuel Young and Mr. John Hampton were dead. 



* Mr. Archibald Edmundson. 

Philadelphia, October the 6th, 1720. 
Sir — Mr. McGill having- reported to me and some others that were left as a com. 
mittee of the Synod, that there was some difference between his apprehensions and those 
of the people of Marlborough congregation, respecting about half a year's time that was 
spent between the time of his having accepted the call in England and his entering intc 
actual service among you; and desiring our opinion, whether it were not riiiht for him tc 
expect pay for that time, because he had then laid by all business that could be advan- 
tageous to him, besides was rather more expensive to him than the same space of time 
was when actually settled in business; we could not but give it as our opinion, that he 
might justly expect to be paid for that time, and the other members left it with me tc 
acquaint you with our sentiments of the matter. I am, sir, your humble servant. A. 
— [Letter Book.] 

fMany of the letters referred to in the Minutes are not to be found in the Lettei 
Book, and the foregoing is the last memorandum recorded.] 



SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 63 

Mr. Jones, moderator of the last Synod, preached a Synodical sermon from 
1 Cor. iv. 2. 

Appointed that the committee for bills and overtures be Masters Jedidiah 
Andrews, George McNish, and Daniel McGill. 

The minutes of the last Synod ordered to be read. 

New complaints being made by some of the members concerning James 
Morehead, who was disowned by the Synod last year, which affair is deferred 
till afterwards. 

Mr. Samuel Pumry gave satisfactory reasons to the Synod for his absence 
last year. 

Ordered, That the members of the Synod be inquired of to-morrow morn- 
ing, what collection they have made towards the fund. 

Ordered, That Mr. Hugh Conn shall preach here next Friday, at eleven 
o'clock. 

Ordered, That the committee for bills and overtures do meet to-morrow 
morning, at seven o'clock. 

Adjourned till to-morrow morning, at 9 o'clock. 

21st day. Post preces sederunt qui supra, at nine o'clock. 

The affair of the committee with relation to Mr. Clement, deferred. 

Mr. Gillespie reported that the Emmitts gave satisfaction to him and his ses- 
sion, according to the order of the Synod last year. 

The Presbytery of Philadelphia reported that they had paid Mr. Clement 
five pounds of the ten pounds that was left to them last year to be disposed 
of at their discretion, for the encouragement of the gospel at Gloucester and 
Pilesgrove. 

The committee appointed to meet upon the account of Mr. Cross, met 
according to appointment, and the representatives of the congregation of New 
Castle, reporting that the generality of said congregation were for continuing 
Mr. Cross as their pastor ; the said committee restored him unto the exercise 
of his pastoral office there. 

Mr. McGill performed the Grder of the Synod last year to their satisfac- 
tion. 

Ordered, That the commissioners of the Synod, do bring in an account to- 
morrow morning of what they have done in the Synod's name, since last 
meeting. 

Appointed that the committee for bills and overtures be also a committee for 
the fund; and Messrs. Jones, Anderson, Thomson, and the moderator, be 
added to them. 

Appointed that Mr. Pierson and Mr. Webb, do revise the Presbytery book 
of New Castle. 

Appointed that Mr. Conn and Mr, Cross, do revise the Presbytery book of 
Philadelphia, 

Appointed that Mr. Orme and Mr. Gillespie, do revise the Presbytery book 
of Long-Island. 

The business with respect to the regulation of Presbyteries deferred from 
last to this Synod, further delayed. 

The affair relating to James Morehead, further delayed. 

It being inquired what collections for the fund were made, it was found 
that Masters Andrews, McNish, the Moderator, Webb, Orme, Conn, Thom- 
son, and Gelston, have brought collections from their respective congregations, 
which they are ordered to deliver to the committee for the fund, and the 
remaining ministers having given their reasons why they obtained no collec- 
tions r they were sustained. 



54 MINUTES OF THE 

Ordered, That the ministers of this Synod shall continue their diligence t 
obtain collections for the fund as afore appointed. 

The committee for bills and overtures, appointed to meet at half an hou 
after two o'clock, post merid. 

Adjourned till half an hour after three o'clock, P. M. 

P. M. half an hour after three o'clock. 
The whole affair relating to Mr. Clement deferred. 
The consideration of the regulation of Presbyteries further delayed. 
The affair relating to Mr. Morehead, further delayed. 
Adjourned till three o'clock, post merid. to-morrow. 

22c/ day at three o'clock, post merid. sederunt qui supra. 

The affair relating to Mr. Clement further delayed. 

The consideration of the regulation of Presbyteries further delayed. 

The affair of James Morehead was reassumed, and he presenting himse] 
before the Synod, it was by the moderator inquired of him, whether he wouL 
submit to the Synod or not, which he refusing, the moderator, in the name c 
the Synod, solemnly admonished him not to exercise the work of the minis 
try, upon pain of the highest church censure in case of continued contumacy 

Ordered, That a letter be written to the people of White-clay creek, i] 
answer to their letter to the Synod, and that Masters John Orme and Robei 
Cross do write said letter. 

Ordered, That Mr. John Thomson preach at White-clay creek, and rea< 
the above said letter to said people, together with all the conclusions of thi 
Synod relating to the above said Morehead. 

Ordered, That Masters Orme, Cross, and McGill, do preach here nex 
Lord's day. 

The committee for bills and overtures, to meet at eight o'clock, ante merid 
to-morrow. 

Adjourned till ten o'clock, A.. M. to-morrow. 

23d day at ten o'clock, A. M.post preces sederunt qui supra. 

The affair of Mr. Clement was reassumed, and with reference thereunto i 
was proposed, whether it should be presently taken into consideration of the 
Synod, which was carried affirmatively. Whereupon the Synod having 
diligently inquired into the conversation of the said Mr. Clement, from the 
time of the committee appointed to sit at Rehoboth, last fall, do find incomes' 
tible proof from several evidences who appeared before the Synod, that in the 
general, the carriage of the said Mr. Clement, had been unbecoming a gospe' 
minister. And more particularly it was proved before us, mat he had beer 
grossly disingenuous in the pretended satisfaction he had given to the said 
committee, by his saying, that the confession of his immoralities, and the 
satisfaction he had made to them, was because he knew no other way to gel 
out of their clutches. It also appeared by good evidence, that the said Mr. 
Clement, had been diverse times overtaken with drink, and chargeable with 
very abusive language, and quarrelling, and of stabbing a man. Whereupon 
the Synod seriously considering the premises, do, in regard to the honour oi 
God and edification of his people, as well as for preventing the bad influence 
of his ill example, as also his own conviction and reformation, suspend the 
said Mr. Clement from the exercise of all and every part of his ministerial 
function, till the next meeting of the Synod at this place. 

Ordered, That Mr. Jedidiah Andrews do write a letter to said Mr. Clemeut 
at his leisure, in which an extract of this minute is to be inclosed. 



SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 65 

The committee for bills and overtures to meet at eight o'clock on Monday 
next, A. M. 

Adjourned till ten o'clock, monday next, A. M. 

September, 25th day at ten o'clock, according to appointment, post preces 
sederunt qui supra. 

Mr. Samuel Davis gave the reasons of his several years absence, which 
reasons were sustained. 

The consideration of the regulation of Presbyteries further delayed. 

The letter to the people of Whiteclay creek was brought in, read, and 
approved. 

Adjourned till three o'clock precisely, P. M. 

Three o'clock, P. M. Post preces sederunt, &c. 

The consideration of the regulation of Presbyteries deferred ut supra. 

Mr. Gillespie proposing to the Synod a review of their last year's minutes 
with relation to Mr. Robert Cross, in order that they might be altered or 
annulled, it was voted the said minutes should not be annulled or altered. 

The question being put whether answers in writing should be made by the 
Synod, to Mr. Gillespie's protestations and objections against the procedure 
of the Synod with relation to Mr. Robert Cross his affair, and it was carried 
in the negative. 

Mr.. Pierson appointed to preach here to-morrow night. 

Adjourned till ten o'clock to-morrow, A. M. 

26th day, at ten o'clock, A. M. post preces sederunt qui supra. 
The overture brought in upon Mr. Gillespie's second paper deferred. 
Adjourned till three o'clock precisely, P. M. 

At three o'clock, P. M. post preces sederunt, &c. 

The overture brought in upon Mr. Gillespie's second paper, further de- 
layed. 

A reference from the Presbytery of Long-Island being made to this Synod, 
as to a further cognoscing on the affair of the trustees of New Haven college, 
their sending missionaries to erect a new separate congregation in New York ; 
and we having inspected into the conduct of the said Presbytery in that affair, 
though we cannot see how their conduct can be disapproved; yet considering 
that the gentlemen trustees have, by a letter, desired a conference with some 
of our Synod upon that and other affairs, we now defer giving our Synodical 
judgment thereon, that so we may not hinder their desired amicable conference 
with us, in case any such conference be appointed. 

A letter from the trustees of the college of New Haven being read, wherein 
they have desired that this Synod would send some of their number to meet 
and amicably treat with them about the great affairs of religion in general, and 
about the unhappy difference at New York in particular. The Synod in 
answer to these great and good ends, do appoint the Presbytery of Long- 
Island, or as many of their number as the said Presbytery shall nominate and 
appoint to meet, and Christianly confer with the said trustees upon the fore- 
said articles, at Stanford, on the 25th day of October next, and that a letter be 
written in answer to theirs. 

Ordered, That Masters Andrews, McGill, and Thomson, do write said 
letter, and bring it in to-morrow afternoon. 

The committee for bills and overtures to meet at eight o'clock, to-morrow 
morning. 

Adjourned till ten o'clock, to-morrow morning. 
6* 



65 - MINUTES OF THE 

27th day. St ten o'clock. Post preces, sederunt, fyc. 

The overture brought in upon Mr. Gillespie's second paper, further de 
layed. 

Ordered, That each minister of this Synod do pay a shilling to the dooi 
keeper. 

An overture being brought in from the committee of bills and overture* 
that Mrs. Wilson should have of the fund four pounds ten shillings, Mi 
Evans two pounds ten shillings, the said overture was approved by th 
Synod. 

The people of Birmingham addressing the Synod for a supply of preacr 
ing the gospel unto them, that matter was referred to the Presbytery of Ne^ 
Castle. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. 

Three o'clock, P. M. Post preces, sederunt qui supra. 

Whereas in page thirty-three of the Presbytery (now Synod,) book, thei 
is a minute relating to Mr. Pierson's settlement at Woodbridge, the Synod ; 
his instance, do declare their approbation of his conduct in settling there. 

The overture uppn Mr. Gillespie's second paper was reassumed, whic 
was as folio weth, viz. 

As we have been for many years in the exercise of Presbyterian goveri 
ment and Church discipline, as exercised by the Presbyterians in the bei 
reformed Churches, as far as the nature and constitution of this country wi 
allow, our opinion is, that if any brother have any overture to offer to t 
formed into an act by the Synod, for the better carrying on in the matters < 
our government and discipline, that he may bring it in against next Synod. 

This overture was carried in the affirmative by a majority of votes, and o 
dered by vote to be recorded. 

Mr. Jonathan Dickinson, Mr. Malachi Jones, Mr. Joseph Morgan, M 
John Pierson, Mr. David Evans, and Mr. Joseph Webb, entered their pr< 
testation against the above mentioned act, and the recording of it, and gave i 
the reasons of their protest, which are in ret ends. 

Ordered, That Mr. McGill and Mr. McNish draw up answers to the abov 
said protest. 

The Presbytery books were each of them, according to appointment, rea 
and approved by the Synod. 

The letter to the trustees of New Haven college was read and approved. 

Ordered, That Mr. Jedidiah Andrews do sign said letter in the name of tli 
Synod. 

The affair of the regulation of Presbyteries, and the letters from Southamj 
ton and New York, deferred till next Synod. 

Overtured, That a commission of the Synod be appointed to act in tli 
name, and with the whole authority of the Synod, in all affairs that sha 
come before them, and particularly that the whole affair of the fund be left 1 
their conduct, and that they be accountable to the Synod. 

Which overture was approved by the Synod, and Masters George MeNisl 
Jedidiah Andrews, James Anderson, Samuel Pumry, Malachi Jones, an 
Robert Cross, were appointed for said commissioners, any three of them i 
be a quorum. 

Adjourned till the third Wednesday in September next, and then to me; 
at Philadelphia, at two o'clock, post meridiem. 

At a Synod held at Philadelphia, 

September 20th. 1728. 
(The paucity of the members present was the reason why thev did n< 
constitute yesterday, according to appointment.) 



SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 67 

Post preces, sederunt, 

Ministers: Messrs. John Orme, John Thomson, Samuel Gelston, Samuel 
Pumry, Hugh Conn, Henry Hook, Robert Cross, William Stewart, John 
Bradner, Moses Dickinson, Daniel McGill, Jedidiah Andrews, George Gilles- 
pie, George McNish, Malachi Jones, David Evans, Joseph Morgan, Jona- 
than Dickinson, James Anderson. 

Messrs. Joseph Webb, William Tennent, Samuel Davis, John Pierson, 
John Clement, George Philips, Joseph Lamb, ministers, were absent. 

Elders present were: Messrs. John Budd, John Gardner, Joseph Charles- 
worth, James Parry, Joseph Woodroof, Edward Holmes, David Miller, 
Richard Wallis, and Enoch Armitage. 

Mr. John Thomson was chosen moderator, and Mr. David Evans was 
chosen clerk. 

The minutes of the last Synod ordered to be read. 

Mr. John Bradner gave his reasons for his absence last year, which were 
sustained. 

Mr. Jonathan Dickinson, the moderator of the last Synod, preached a 
synodical sermon, from 2 Tim. iii. 17. 

Masters Jedidiah Andrews, Jonathan Dickinson, George McNish, Robert 
Cross, with the moderator, are appointed for a committee for bills and over- 
tures; and it is recommended to all the rest of the members of the Synod to 
attend upon said committee as they can and see cause. 

And it's agreed by the Synod, that if any matter of difficulty happen to be 
referred from any of our respective Presbyteries to the Synod, they may as 
they think meet, either bring it immediately to the Synod or to the aforesaid 
committee. 

Mr. Alexander Hutchinson, probationer, producing sufficient credentials 
from the Presbytery of Glasgow was approved. 

Appointed, That Mr. Samuel Pumry preach here to-morrow, at eleven 
o'clock in the morning. And Mr. McNish, and Mr. Alexander Hutchinson, 
to preach here next Sabbath day; and Mr. Robert Cross on the next Sab- 
bath night ; and Mr. James Anderson on the next Monday night. 

Appointed, That the committee for bills and overtures be also a committee 
for the fund, and that Mr. Hugh Conn, and Mr. James Anderson, be added 
to them. 

Appointed, That the committee for overtures do meet to-morrow, at eight 
o'clock, ante meridiem. 

A letter from Mr. Joseph Webb, containing the reasons of his absence 
from the Synod, was produced by Mr. Jonathan Dickinson, and the reasons 
were sustained. 

One Mr. Robert Laing, a minister of the gospel from Great Britain, being 
arrived in Maryland, and as he was coming to this Synod was taken sick by 
the way, whose credentials from Great Britain were produced at this Synod 
and approved, and he recommended to the Presbytery of New Castle for fur- 
ther direction. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, ,P. M. 

Jit three o'clock, post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Appointed; That Mr. Joseph Morgan, and Mr. Samuel Pumry, do revise 
the Presbytery book of New Castle. 

Appointed, That Mr. Malachi Jones, and Mr. Hugh Conn, do revise the 
Presbytery book of Long Island. 

Appointed, That Mr. George Gillespie, and Mr. Samuel Gelston, do revise 
the Presbytery book of Philadelphia. 

It being inquired what collections for the fund were made, it was found 



68 MINUTES OF THE 

that Mr. George McNish, Mr. Jonathan Dickinson, and Mr. William Stewart 
have brought collections from their respective congregations, which they ar< 
ordered to deliver to the committee for the fund, and the rest of the ministers 
having given their reasons why they brought no collections, their reason: 
were sustained. 

The affair concerning the regulation of Presbyteries coming under consid 
eration, it was ordered, that Mr. William Stewart do join to the Presbyter 
of New Castle. 

Mr. John Thomson preached at Whiteclay Creek, &c. according to ap 
pointment. 

Mr. Andrews writ the letter, and also an extract of the last Synod's minut< 
relating to Mr. Clement, to him, which were delivered to him by Mr. Thorn 
son, and the said Mr. Clement not appearing at this Synod, his suspension is 
continued till he gives satisfaction to the Synod. And it is by the Synod re 
commended to all our Presbyteries, that if they, or any of them, before the 
next Synod, do hear that the said Mr, Clement does any where officiate as ; 
minister, they shall write to the people he officiates among, to inform them o 
the said Mr. Clement's lying under the censure of the Synod. 

The Presbytery of Long Island report that they fulfilled the appointment 
of the Synod with respect to the conference with the trustees of New Haver 
college, the particular account of which conference is delayed till to-morrow, 

Ordered, That every minister of this Synod give a shilling to the door- 
keeper. 

Mr. McNish hath fulfilled the appointment of the last year's Synod in an- 
swering the protest of Mr. Jonathan Dickinson, Mr. Malachi Jones, &c: s 
further inquiry into which affair is delayed. 

Ordered, That the commission of the Synod do bring in an account of all 
their proceedings since the last Synod, to-morrow. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, post meridiem, to-morrow. 

21 day. At 3 o'clock, P. M. post preces sederunt qui supra. 

The affair relating to the conference with the trustees of New Haven Col- 
lege deferred till to-morrow. 

The affair relating to Mr. Dickinson, Mr. Jones, Mr. Morgan, &c. then 
protest deferred till afterwards. 

The affair relating to the account from the commission of the Synod defer- 
red till afterwards. 

The affair relating to Mr. John Walton, transmitted from the committee, 
now comes under consideration, a representation whereof is contained in his 
supplication* which we- have in retentis. 

Ordered, That the said supplication of Mr. Walton be read; Masters Jona- 
than Dickinson, Moses. Dickinson, Malachi Jones, Joseph Morgan, James 
Anderson, and John Budd, with Mr. Walton, being first removed, while the 
whole management of this affair shall last. 

The Synod having, with much seriousness and deliberation, considered the 
whole affair, and all the particular branches of it, came to the following con- 
clusion : 

That however they judge the Presbytery of Maidenhead's proceeding to 
suspend Mr. Walton, being absent, unheard, the evidences not being con- 
fronted, especially their proceeding to publish the said suspension, with the 
reason thereof, at Croswicks, before the matter was judicially cleared, was 
not regular; yet the charge with which Mr. Walton is charged being after- 
wards sufficiently proved, was just ground of suspension if the Presbytery 
had been more deliberate, and the matter of charge against him formally i 
appear before the inflicting the censure, as it was afterwards. And further. 



SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 69 

the Synod judgeth that Mr. Walton's behaviour towards, and treatment of the 
said Presbytery in many of his expressions, particularly those contained in 
his address to the Synod, wherein he designs them in general and particular, 
with diminutive and deriding titles, and speaks of them and their proceeding 
with an air of disdain, was very abusive and insolent, and every way unsuit- 
able and unbecoming for any private Christian, and much more a candidate 
for the ministry to use towards ministers of the gcspel, whose universal cha- 
racter hitherto hath been without blemish. 

Adjourned till eight o'clock precisely to-morrow, A. M. 

22d day at 8 o'clock, according to appointment, post preces sederunt qui 
supra. 

The affair relating to the conference with the trustees of New Haven Col- 
lege; also the affair relating to Mr. Dickinson, Mr. Jones, &c. their protest; 
also the affair relating to the commission of the Synod, deferred till after- 
wards. 

A further consideration of Mr. Walton's business delayed till next Mon- 
day. 

A reference by the Presbytery of New Castle, held at Cohanzy pro re nata, 
being made to this Synod, comes now under our consideration ; and after a 
long and patient hearing of both parties, and considerable deliberation being 
had upon the same, it was universally agreed, that a committee be chosen to 
consider further upon the particulars of that affair, and to bring in overtures 
upon every particular of it against next Monday morning. The members of 
the said committee to be Masters George McNish, Jonathan Dickinson, Mo- 
ses Dickinson, Jedidiah Andrews, John Budd, Samuel Gelston, Samuel Pum- 
ry, James Anderson, together with all the members of the Presbytery at 
Cohanzy, pro re nata, together with Mr. McGill; which committee is to 
meet at four o'clock, this afternoon. 

Adjourned till eight o'clock, on Monday morning. 

Jit eight o'clock on Monday, post preces sederunt qui supra. 

The affair relating to the conference with the trustees of New Haven Col- 
lege; also the affair relating to Mr. Dickinson, &c. and the protest; and also 
the affair relating to the commission of the Synod, deferred till afterwards. 

The committee on the affair of Mr. Hook, not having finished what was 
committed to them, the said business is deferred till afterwards. 

The business of Mr. Walton reassumed. 

Mr. Walton being called in, and largely discoursed with again respecting 
his case, he not being satisfactory in his expressions, the Synod appointed two 
of their number, silicet the moderator and Mr. McNish, to confer with him 
privately, and make report to the Synod. 

The brethren appointed to confer with Mr. Walton, report, that his carriage 
with them was much as before the Synod. Whereupon the Synod concluded 
to allow him till four o'clock this afternoon to consider further of his affair, 
and that then he deliver his mind to the Synod in writing: as fully as he 
thinks fit. J s j 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. 

*At 3 o'clock, P. M. post preces sederunt qui supra. 

The affairs deferred the last sederunt, further deferred. 

The affair of Mr. Walton reassumed. 

The said Mr. Walton gave in an additional acknowledgment of his misde- 
meanours in writing, which being read, the question was put, whether it was 
satisfactory pro tanto, and it was resolved in the affirmative. 



70 MINUTES OF THE 

The Synod after long and free debate upon the whole of Mr. Walton's 
affair, do order and appoint as followeth ; that the said Mr. Walton is sus 
pended from preaching in any place for three Sabbaths next ensuing, and tha 
his acknowledgment and confession given in this day to the Synod, so fai 
only as it concerns his miscarriages committed at Newark, shall in his owi 
words be read publicly in open congregation on the last of the three Sabbaths 
where it is ordered that Mr. Walton shall be present and own the said ac 
knowledgment and confession given in to us before the congregation then anc 
there assembled ; which done, the minister appointed to preach that day, shal 
authoritatively take off the suspension. Mr. Pumry is appointed to preacl 
at Newark the said Sabbath. Mr. George Gillespie, Mr. David Evans, Mr 
John Orme, and Mr. John Gardner, dissented against the limited suspensioi 
of Mr. John Walton. 
< Adjourned till eight o'clock to-morrow morning. 

At eight o'clock, A. M. according to appointment, post preces sederun, 

qui supra. 
The affairs deferred the last sederunt, further deferred. 
Adjourned till three o'clock, post merid. that the committee might have time 
to complete the overtures upon the affair of Cohanzy. 

At 3 o'clock, P. M. according to appointment, post preces sederunt qu 

supra. 
The affair of Mr. Hook reassumed, 

The committee appointed to bring in overtures upon the several articles 
alledged against Mr. Hook, brought in their overtures w r hich are as follows. 

1. Overtured, That inasmuch as the first crimination against Mr. Hook is 
of several years date; and by the confession of the parties offended, long 
since satisfied for, and as appears to us from an ill motive, that it be therefore 
rejected, which overture was approved of by the Synod. 

2. Overtured, That the Synod disapprove of Mr. Fithian's publicly charg 
ing Mr. Hook with a lie relating to a bargain of a horse, not only withou 
evidence, but when the evidences he produced witnessed against him; whicl 
overture was approved of by the Synod. 

3. Overtured, That Mr. Hook is chargeable with falsehood, and a ver) 
unnatural and uncharitable construction of Mr. Sealy's letter, in representing 
him as saying, that Mr. Hook's fingers and toes w r ere cut off in Ireland fo] 
stealing. Which overture, by a majority of votes, was approved by the Synod 

4. Overtured, That Mr. Hook cannot be charged with a lie respecting the 
shooting match, inasmuch as he might truly say, he did not inform the jus 
tices, but only admonished them of their duty. Approved by a majority o 
votes of the Synod. 

5. Overtured, That Mr. Hook wag chargeable with folly and levity unbe 
coming a gospel minister in the sham marriages alleged. Approved by the 
Synod. 

6. Overtured, That Mr. Hook might have been asleep, notwithstanding o: 
what appears by Joseph Brooks and Benjamin Davis, their evidences; there- 
fore, after long and mature deliberation upon it, we left it doubtful. Whicl: 
was approved by the Synod. 

7. As to the charge of obscene actions expressed in Ephraim Sealy's depo- 
sition, Mr. Hook hath confessed the whole with much seeming sorrow anc 
grief before the Synod. Upon the whole, Mr. Hook being called in and by 
the moderator desired to declare his thoughts concerning the other articles ol 
which he was concluded guilty by the Synod, he made an acknowledgmem 
as to every particular, and professed a sincere sorrow and repentance for the 



SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 71 

same. Which together with the acknowledgment by him before made, with 
relation to the article contained in Ephraim Sealy's evidence, was accepted by 
the Synod as a satisfactory evidence of his sincere repentance. Upon which 
the Synod spent a considerable time in debating and deliberating upon the 
kind and degree of censure to be inflicted upon Mr. Hook for the abovesaid 
offences. At last the question was proposed, suspend or not. The resolu- 
tion of which is deferred till to-morrow morning. 
Adjourned till nine o'clock, to-morrow, ante merid. 

At nine o'clock, A. M. according to appointment, post preces sederunt qui 
supra. 

The affairs deferred the last sederunt deferred further. 

The abovementioned question relating to the suspension or non-suspension 
of Mr. Hook, being proposed, it was, by a great majority of votes carried in 
the affirmative. It being again questioned, whether his suspension should be 
limited or indefinite, it was by a majority of votes carried indefinite. 

Upon the whole, the Synod have appointed, that Mr. Daniel McGill, Mr. 
Jedidiah Andrews, Mr. James Morgan, and Mr. Robert Cross, do meet at 
Fairfield meeting-house upon the third Thursday of October next ensuing, 
and then and there they or any one of them, have power to take off the sus- 
pension, if no sufficient reason to the contrary appears. And further, it is 
ordered that one of the said ministers do preach at the said meeting-house, 
and also, that the said ministers do publicly read a full extract of the Synod's 
minutes relating to Mr. Hook, and that Mr. Hook make his public acknow- 
ledgment viva voce or in writing, as he thinks fit, in order to his being 
absolved as aforesaid. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. 

At three o'clock, P. M. according to appointment, post preces sederunt qui 
supra. 

The Presbytery of Long-Island gave in their report to the Synod, that a 
committee of their Presbytery met a number of the trustees of New-Haven 
college, according to the appointment of the Synod, and have given a large 
account in writing, of their proceedings with said trustees, whereby the Synod 
is convinced that they, though without the desired success, have done what 
they could relating to the union with Connecticut ministers, and removing 
those differences between them and our Presbytery of Long-Island, by the 
irregular division of the congregation at New York, and the trustees sending 
missionaries to preach there. Upon the whole, the Synod approves of the con- 
duct of the Presbytery of Long-Island in the whole affair as it was managed 
by them, both since last Synod and formerly. 

Mr. Hook desiring to be joined to New Castle Presbytery, it was granted. 

Ordered, That Mr. John Pierson do supply Mr. Pumry's congregation that 
Sabbath in which Mr. Pumry is to be at Newark about Mr. Walton's busi- 
ness; and that on the same day Mr. Webb supply Mr. Pierson's people. 

The affair of Mr. Jonathan Dickinson, &c. his protest reassumed. 

Adjourned till eight o'clock, to-morrow, ante merid. 

At eight o'clock, A. M. according to appointment, post preces sederunt 
qui supra. 

The brethren who entered their protestation against the act for allowing any 
brother or member of this Synod, to bring in any overture to be formed into 
an act by the Synod, for the better carrying on in the matters of our govern- 
ment and discipline, &c. The said brethren Protestants, brought in a paper 
of four articles, testifying in writing their sentiments and judgment concerning 



72 MINUTES OF THE 

church government, which was approved by the Synod, and ordered by th 
Synod to be recorded in the Synod book. Likewise the said brethren bein 
willing to take back their protestation against said act, together with their res 
sons given in defenso of said protest; the Synod doth hereby order that th 
protest, together with the reasons of it, as also the answers at the appointmer 
of the Synod given in to the reasons alleged by Mr. Daniel McGill and Mi 
George McNish, be all withdrawn ; and that the said act remain and be i 
all respects as if no such protest had been made. The articles are as fo~ 
loweth. 

1 . We freely grant, that there is full executive power of church goverr 
ment in Presbyteries and Synods, and that they may authoritatively, in th 
name of Christ, use the keys of church discipline to all proper intents an 
purposes, and that the keys of the church are committed to the church officer 
and them only. 

2. ,We also grant, that the mere circumstantials of church discipline, sue 
as the time, place, and mode, of carrying on in the government of the Churcr. 
belong to ecclesiastical judicatories to determine as occasions occur, conform 
able to the general rules in the word of God, that require all things to be don 
decently and in order. And if these things are called acts, we will take n 
offence at the word, provided that these acts be not imposed upon such a 
conscientiously dissent from them. 

3. We also grant, that Synods may compose directories, and recommen 
them to all their members, respecting all the parts of discipline, provided thf 
all subordinate judicatories may decline from such directories when they cor 
scientiously think they have just reason so to do. 

4. We freely allow that appeals may be made from all inferior to superio 
judicatories, and that superior judicatories have authority to consider and de 
termine such appeals. 

Malachi Jones, 
Joseph Morgan, 
Jonathan Dickinson, 
David Evans. 

The Synod was so universally pleased with the abovesaid composure c 
their difference, that they unanimously joined together in a thanksgivin 
prayer, and joyful singing the one hundred and thirty-third psalm. 

The supplications of the people of New Castle, and the people of Tre< 
Dyffryn, referred from the committee for bills and overmres to the Synod 
referred to the commission of the Synod, 

A representation being made by some of our members of the earnest desire 
of some Protestant dissenting families in Virginia, together with a comfortabL 
prospect of the increase of our interest there, the Synod have appointed tha 
Mr. Hugh Conn, Mr. John Orme, and Mr. William Stewart, do each o 
them severally visit said people, and preach four Sabbaths to them, betweei 
this and the next Synod. 

Some members expressing their fears lest Mr. John Walton should not be 
have himself orderly, the Synod do appoint that Mr. George McNish, Mr 
James Anderson, and Mr. Samuel Pumry, or any two of them. do. in iht 
Synod's name, judicially deal with him, upon information, as they shall set 
proper. 

The Presbytery books of Philadelphia and Long Island were brought in, 
and approved by the Synod. 

The commission of the Synod appointed last year, continued with the same 
powers until the next Synod. 

The review of the minutes of this present Synod, and all the affairs of the 
fund, with whatever emergencies may occur, referred to the said commission, 



SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 73 

Adjourned till the third Wednesday of September next, and then to meet 
at Philadelphia, at two o'clock, afternoon. Concluded with prayer. 

Philadelphia, September the 18th, 1723. 

The Synod met according to appointment, ubi post preces sederunt, (Mr. 
Jones being moderator, pro tempore, and Mr. Cross clerk.) 

Ministers: Messrs. Daniel McGill, Malachi Jones, Jedidiah Andrews, 
James Anderson, George Gillespie, Hugh Conn, David Evans, William 
Stewart, Henry Hook, Robert Cross, Thomas Evans, Alexander Hutchinson, 
Jonathan Dickinson, John Pierson, Robert Laing. 

Elders: Messrs. John Budd, John Gardner, James Abraham, Robert Will- 
son, David Evans, Esq'r., Peter Bushel. 

Ministers absent: Messrs. Thomson, Orme, Moses Dickinson, Webb, 
Pumry, Gelston, Tennent, Morgan, Davis, Bradner, Philips, Lamb. 

Adjourned till eight o'clock to-morrow morning. 

19 day. At eight o'clock, according to appointment, post preces sede- 
runt, qui supra. 

Mr. Bradner, Mr. Orme, and Mr. Webb, giving reasons of their absence 
by letter, their reasons were sustained. 

Messrs. James Anderson, Hugh Conn, George Gillespie, and Robert 
Cross, being put upon the Leet in order to the choice of a moderator, Mr. 
James Anderson Avas chosen, and Mr. Cross was chosen clerk. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last Synod be read. 

Mr. Thomson, the moderator of the last Synod, being absent by reason of 
sickness, Mr. Andrews opened the Synod by preaching a synodical sermon 
from Prov. xi. 30. 

Messrs. Jedidiah Andrews, Jonathan Dickinson, Daniel McGill, Hugh 
Conn, Robert Cross, with the moderator, are appointed for a committee for 
bills and overtures ; and it is recommended to all the rest of the members of 
the Synod to attend upon the said committee as they can and see cause. 

Mr. Malachi Jones, and Mr. David Evans, dissent from appointing any 
committee for bills and overtures. 

Mr. Jonathan Dickinson appointed to preach to-morrow night, Mr. Stewart 
next Sabbath in the forenoon, Mr. Hutchinson in the afternoon, and Mr. 
Cross at night. 

Agreed that the committee for bills and overtures be also a committee for 
the fund. 

Mr. Jones and Mr. Pierson appointed to revise the Presbytery book of 
New Castle; and Mr. Gillespie and Mr. Stewart that of Long Island. The 
Presbytery book of Philadelphia was forgot to be brought hither. 

It being inquired what collections were made for the fund, it was found 
that Messrs. Jones and Anderson have done somewhat in that affair, as like- 
wise the congregation at Newark, per Mr. Jonathan Dickinson, which they 
are ordered to deliver to the committee of the fund. And the rest of the 
ministers having given their reasons why they brought no collections, the 
same were sustained; and it is recommended to all the members of the Synod 
to use their diligence to bring collections to the next Synod. 

Ordered, That the commission of the Synod do bring in an account of all 
their proceedings to-morrow morning. 

The Synod having inquired what was done in the affair relating to Mr. 
Walton, found that Mr. Pumry did not go to Newark as appointed, by reason 
of sickness, as likewise that Mr. Walton, (without any authority,) read his 
acknowledgment and absolved himself. Upon which the Synod, having con- 
sidered the whole affair, put it to vote whether the suspension was taken off, 
7 



74 MINUTES OF THE 

and it was carried in the negative. And the Synod does further appoint tt 
Presbytery of Long Island, together with Mr. Jonathan Dickinson, Mr. Mo 
gan, and Mr. Pierson, to be a committee to transact in the whole affair rela 
ing to Mr. Walton, and to remove or continue the suspension as they sha 
see cause. 
Adjourned to three o'clock, post meridiem. 

Hora tertia post meridiem, post preces sederunt, qui supra. 

The Synod approves of the conduct of the committee in absolving M 
Hook. 

Messrs. Hugh Conn, John Orme, and William Stewart, fulfilled their aj 
pointments with respect to Virginia. 

The Presbytery of New Castle having referred a case to the Synod wit 
respect to Mr. Robert Laing, upon whom they passed the censures of rebuke 
suspension, and deposition, for violating the Lord's day, by washing himse 
in a creek, and for his indiscreet carriage to the Presbytery at the time of hi 
rebuke, the Synod, after mature deliberation upon that affair, with the concui 
ring circumstances, particularly Mr. Laing's indisposition at that time, an 
expectation of service from that action, do judge those censures of suspensio 
and deposition were too severe, and do therefore repeal them ; although w 
can't but judge Mr. Laing guilty of several very unbecoming imprudencies 
worthy of rebuke, relating to that affair. Mr. Robert Cross and Mr Thoma 
Evans, members of that Presbytery, did not agree to the sentence of depc 
sition when it was passed. 

A letter from the people of Virginia being read, the consideration of it wa 
deferred till to-morrow morning. 

The committee appointed to meet at eight o'clock to-morrow morning. 

Adjourned till nine o'clock, ante meridiem, to-morrow. 

20 day. Hora nona ante meridiem, sederunt qui supra. 

The affair of Virginia reassumed. The Synod having seriously conside: 
ed said affair, do appoint Mr. Hugh Conn, Mr. John Orme, and Mr. Williar 
Stewart, each of them to preach four Lord's days before next Synod to th; 
people, and it is recommended to Mr. Jonathan Dickinson to preach to sai 
people before next Synod, some Sabbath days, and in case he goes thithei 
that then Mr. Pierson, Mr. Webb, and Mr. Moses Dickinson, do supply hi 
congregation with preaching. 

And it is further Ordered, That Mr. Jones and Mr. Andrews write a lettc 
to the people of Virginia. 

And it is further Ordered, That Mr. Hutchinson supply Mr. Stewart's cor 
gregation two Sabbaths during his absence in Virginia. 

And it is Ordered, That a letter of address be writ to the Governor of Vi: 
ginia, by Messrs. Dickinson and Cross, and that the said letter to the peop] 
of Virginia, and also this, be brought into the Synod for approbation. 

A letter from the ministers of Connecticut to this Synod, desiring a cor 
ference with some of the ministers of this Synod, in order to the healing c 
those divisions in the Presbyterian congregration in New York, being rea 
and maturely considered, it was ordered, that a letter be writ to the minister 
of Connecticut in answer to theirs, to thank them for their concern about th 
interest of religion in New York, and their proposing a conference with som 
of us in order to heal the division in the Presbyterian congregation there, an 
to signify our hearty concurrence with their proposal. And withal to signif 
our apprehensions that the place proposed for a conference, is not so likel 
to answer the good intentions expressed in their letter as New York would b( 
•and therefore to desire them to send some of their number to meet with som 



SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 75 

of ours there, on the twenty-third of October next. Messrs. Andrews, Dickin- 
son, Morgan, Philips, Cross, and McGill, appointed to meet the said minis- 
ters at New York, at the time before mentioned, and are empowered to act in 
the name and with the full power of the Synod, in the affair proposed. But 
if the said Connecticut ministers decline coming to New York at the time 
mentioned, the aforementioned members of the Synod are empowered to 
meet them at any other time and place for the said purpose, as they shall 
think reasonable. And if the good ends proposed, relating to New York, be 
at the conference happily accomplished, the Synod recommends it to those 
of their members afore appointed for said conference, to treat with said minis- 
ters of Connecticut about an union with us, and empower them to concert and 
conclude upon any methods that may conduce to that end. Mr. McGill and 
Mr. Conn appointed to write the abovesaid letter. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, post merid. Concluded with prayer. 

Hord tertia, post merid. sederunt qui supra. 

The Synod according to an overture of the committee, resolved themselves 
into an interloquitur, to consider a case of conscience proposed by George 
Williamson, with respect to his call to the ministry, and after having heard 
the same, desired a further consideration of it till to-morrow morning. 

Adjourned till eight o'clock to-morrow morning. 

21 st day. Hord octava, ante merid. sederunt qui supra. 

The affair of said George Williamson reassumed. 

The ministers of the Synod having seriously and deliberately considered 
the above case, do, nemine contradicente, agree in judgment, that the said 
person has not any regular call that way ; for though we are satisfied as to his 
piety and godly life, yet we think he wants necessary qualifications required 
in the word of God for a gospel minister, and therefore advise him to continue 
in the vocation wherein he is called, and endeavour to be useful as a private 
Christian. 

The letter to the people of Virginia was read and approved. 

The Presbytery book of Long-Island revised and approved. 

The Presbytery book of New Castle revised and approved. 

The commission of the Synod having rendered an account of their acting in 
the name of the Synod, it was approved. 

Adjourned till four o'clock, post merid. 

Bora tertia, post merid. sederunt qui supra. 

A letter to the Governor of Virginia was read and approved. 

Upon a supplication from the congregationof Tree-Dyffrin, for some thing 
from the fund, it was overtured by the committee, that five pounds be given to 
said people, which overture was approved by the Synod. 

From a like supplication from the people of Octararo and Hanover, it was 
overtured that three pounds be given to each of them ; this overture was agreed 
to; as likewise to give three pounds to Mrs. Wilson, and one pound to Mr. 
Andrews for recording. 

Messieurs Jones, Andrews, Anderson, Dickinson, Cross, and Evans, to be 
the commission of the Synod with the same power as formerly. Ordered, 
that the minutes be revised by the commission of the Synod. Upon reading 
the list of ministers the Synod found, to their great grief, that Mr. McNish 
was dead. 

Adjourned till the third Wednesday of September next, and then to meet at 
Philadelphia, at two o'clock, afternoon. Concluded with prayer. 



76 MINUTES OF THE 

Philadelphia, September \6th, 1724. 

The Synod met according to appointment, ubi post preces sederunt, 

Ministers: Messrs. Malachi Jones, Jedidiah Andrews, James Andersc 
George Gillespie, Hugh Conn, David Evans, Henry Hook, Robert Cros 
John Bradner, Thomas Evans, Alexander Hutchinson, John Pierson, Jol 
Orme, Robert Laing, Thomas Craighead, John Thomson, Moses Dickinso 
Samuel Pumry. 

Elders : Messrs. John Budd, John Gardner, James Parry, Abraham Gold* 
Peter Bushell, John Kale, Enoch Armitage. 

Ministers absent: Messrs. Jonathan Dickinson, "William Stewart, Jose] 
Webb, Joseph Morgan, Samuel Gelston, William Tennent. 

Mr. Anderson opened the Synod by preaching a sermon upon 2 C< 
v. 20. 

Mr. George Gillespie was chosen moderator, and Mr. Robert Cross, clei 

Adjourned till to-morrow morning at eight o'clock. Concluded w: 
prayer. 

Die Ylmo. at eight o'clock, ante mend, post preces sederunt qui supi 

Mr. Webb and Mr. Tennent gave by letters the reasons of their absent 
which were sustained. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last Synod be read. 

Mr. Pumry and Mr. Thomson gave the reasons of their absence last ye; 
which were sustained. 

Masters Andrews, Anderson, Thomson, Pierson, Cross, Jones, and Con 
were appointed to be a committee for the fund, and for any other business t 
Synod shall recommend to them. 

Mr. Moses Dickinson appointed to preach on Friday night. 

Messrs. Pumry and Bradner appointed to revise the Presbytery book 
New Castle. Masters Orme and Hook that of Long-Island. The Presbyte 
book of Philadelphia was wanting by reason of Mr. Jonathan Dickinsoi 
absence. 

It being inquired what collections were made for the fund, it was found tr 
Messrs. Andrews, Anderson, Thomson, and Evans, had brought collectioi 
and they were ordered to deliver them to the committee for the fund. A 
the rest of the ministers having given their reasons why they brought no a 
lections, the same were sustained. And it is recommended to all the membe 
of the Synod, to use their utmost diligence to bring collections to the ne 
Synod. 

The Synod having inquired what the committee did on the affair of 3V] 
Walton, did approve of their conduct and management, the account where 
is as followeth: "New York, October 25, 1723. At a meeting of the coi 
mittee of the Synod, relating to the affair of Mr. Walton. Present, Messi 
Joseph Morgan, James Anderson, Samuel Pumry, Robert Cross, and Jonath 
Dickinson. 

" Mr. Morgan chosen Moderator, and Mr. Dickinson, clerk. 

"After deliberate consideration of Mr. Walton's case, and particular he: 
ing several scandalous allegations against him, by letters and otherwise, a] 
his answers unto them, the question was put, whether from what we h 
heard we had just grounds to take off the suspension laid on him by the Syno 
and we agreed in the negative nemine contradicente. 

" Ordered, That Mr. Morgan write to the people of East-Chester, where J 
has lately preached, informing them of this our conclusion. 

" Resolved, That the committee of the Synod convene to transact \vh 
shall appear further needful in the case of Mr. Walton, when Messrs. Ande 



SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 77 

son, Pumry, and Cross, shall give notice to the other members of the com- 
mittee. 

" The moderator being desired by the committee, after reading the above 
minutes to Mr. Walton, to give him an admonition, to use more care, watch- 
fulness, and circumspection for the future, Mr. Walton did not only exclaim 
against our conclusion, and declare he never would have any more concern 
with any of our judicatories, but also refused to hear any exhortation ; telling 
us that he did not want any exhortation from us, and that he always thought 
that it was all an intrigue, but was willing to try us once more, and in an 
angry manner rushed away from us." 

Mr. Orme fulfilled the appointment of the Synod with respect to his 
preaching in Virginia; Mr. Conn did not, and gave his reasons, which were 
sustained; Mr. Stewart did not, the reasons not known, he being absent. 

The Synod approves of the conduct of the committee appointed to meet 
with the ministers from Connecticut, to confer about the affairs of the Pres- 
byterian congregation in New York, though their endeavours proved unsuc- 
cessful. 

The Synod having received a letter from George Williamson, expressing 
some dissatisfaction with the judgment of the Synod in his case last year, they 
appointed Mr. Andrews and Mr. Thomson to write a letter to him in answer 
to his, and bring it into the Synod for approbation. 

A letter from the people of Virginia being read and considered, the Synod 
have referred that whole affair to the Presbytery of New Castle, and orders a 
letter to be writ to said people, by Messrs. Pierson and Pumry, and to bring 
it to the Synod for approbation. 

Messieurs Jones, Andrews, Anderson, Jonathan Dickinson, Cross, and 
Evans, continued to be the commissioners of the Synod, with the same power 
as formerly. 

Upon calling the roll it was found that Mr. McGill died since our last 
Synod. 

Mr. Bradner having desired that he might be joined to the Presbytery of 
Long-Island, and offered his reasons, they were sustained, and he was ordered 
to join with said Presbytery. 

Ordered, That the committee for the fund, &c. meet at three o'clock, post 
me rid. 

Adjourned till five o'clock, post merid. 

Hord quinta, post merid. post prenes sederunt qui supra. 

Mr. Moses Dickinson gave the reasons of his absence last year, which 
w T ere sustained. 

Messrs. Andrews and Thomson brought in the letter to be sent to George 
Williamson, which was approved. 

Ordered, That the letter to Virginia be brought in at our next sederunt. 

The case proposed by Mr. Webb, being considered by the committee for 
overtures, they made this overture upon it, viz: Overtured, that whereas the 
case is delivered in such general and doubtful terms that we cannot judge of 
it, the consideration thereof be left to the Presbytery of Philadelphia; which 
overture was approved by the Synod. 

Mr. Tennent having written to the Synod for some supply out of the fund, 
his request was denied, and Mr. Moses Dickinson and Mr. John Budd 
ordered to write a letter to him giving the reasons thereof, and to bring it in 
to-morrow morning. 

The overture of the committee, with reference to a supplication from some 
of the inhabitants of Perth Amboy, desiring sermons sometimes, being referred 
to the Presbytery of Philadelphia, was approved by the Synod, and Mr. An- 
7* 



78 MINUTES OF THE 

derson was appointed to write a letter to them, and bring it in to-morro 
morning. 

The consideration of a letter from Kent county, as likewise of Mr. Pet 
Finch's testimonials, deferred till to-morrow morning. 

Ordered, That the committee for the fund meet to-morrow morning, 
eight of the clock. 

Adjourned till ten o'clock to-morrow morning. 

Die 18mo. Hord decima, ante meridiem, sederunt qui supra. 

The letter to be sent to Virginia was brought in and approved. 

A letter to be sent to Perth Amboy brought in and approved. 

A letter to Mr. Tennent brought in and approved. 

The affair of Mr. Finch and Kent county reassumed. 

The Synod having read and considered Mr. Peter Finch his testimonial 
do approve them, and do recommend him for further advice and direction 
the Presbytery of New Castle, and appoint Mr. Andrews to write a letter 
answer to that from the people of Kent county. 

The overture of the committee to give five pounds to Mrs. Willson, as lil 
wise the overture to give three pounds to the people of Broad Creek, w€ 
approved. 

The consideration of the Synod's meeting by delegates deferred to the nc 
sederunt. 

Ordered, That the Presbytery book be brought in. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, post meridiem. 

Hord tertia, post meridiem, sederunt qui supra. 

The Presbytery books of New York and New Castle brought in and < 
proved. 

The affair relating to the Synod's meeting by delegates was taken into c( 
sideration, and after reasoning upon the matter, it was at last put to the v< 
thus: Appear by delegates or not? And it was carried in the affirmative; a 
likewise concluded by vote, that the Presbytery of New Castle and Philad 
phia do yearly delegate the half of their members to the Synod, and the Pr 
bytery of Long Island two of their number. And it is further ordered, tl 
all the members of the Synod do attend every third year ; and that, if in 1 
interim, any thing of moment do occur, whereby the presence of all the me 
bers may be thought necessary, they, (upon notice given by the commissi 
of the Synod,) shall carefully attend notwithstanding the above delegate 
And it is further agreed, that every member of the Synod may attend 
formerly if they see cause. 

Appointed, That the next Synod meet at Philadelphia, upon the third Wi 
nesday of September next, at two of the clock in the afternoon. 

Concluded with prayer. 

Philadelphia, September 15, 1725. 

The Synod met by their delegates according to appointment, 

Ubi post preces sederunt. 

Ministers delegated: Messrs. George Gillespie, David Evans, Henry Ho< 
Joseph Houston, Adam Boyd, Malachi Jones, Jedidiah Andrews, Jonatl: 
Dickinson, Moses Dickinson, Samuel Gelston, William Stewart. 

Ministers occasionally present: Messrs. James Anderson, John Thomsi 
John Pierson, Robert Laing, Noyes Parris. 

Elders: Messrs. John Gardner, James Abraham, Thomas Hiott, Jose 
Braden, John Hall, John Snowden, Enoch Armitage. 

Mr. Gillespie, the moderator of the last Synod, opened the Synod 
preaching a sermon from Col. iv. 17. 



SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 79 

Masters Thomas Craighead, and William Tennent, delegated ministers, 
were absent. 

Mr. Craighead sent the reasons of his absence by letter, which were sus- 
tained. 

Mr. David Evans was chosen moderator, and Mr. Andrews clerk. 

The last year's minutes appointed to be read. 

Mr. Jonathan Dickinson, and Mr. Samuel Gelston, gave the reasons of their 
absence last year, which were sustained. 

Masters Andrews, Anderson, Thomson, Pierson, Jones, and Jonathan 
Dickinson, appointed to be a committee for the fund, and any other business 
the Synod shall recommend to them. 

Mr. Hook appointed to preach on Friday night. 

Messrs. Jonathan Dickinson and Pierson appointed to revise the Presby- 
tery book of New Castle. Messrs. Hook and Boyd that of Long Island. 
Messrs. Gillespie and Houston that of Philadelphia. The revisers ordered 
to bring in the Presbytery books to-morrow afternoon. 

Ordered, That those which have brought collections for the fund do deliver 
them to the committee for the fund. 

Adjourned till eight o'clock to-morrow morning. 

16 day, at eight o'clock, post meridiem, sederunt qui supra. 

The minute that the revisers bring in the Presbytery books in the afternoon 
continued. 

Messrs. Jones, Andrews, Anderson, Jonathan Dickinson, Cross, and 
Evans, continued to be the commission of the Synod with the same power 
as formerly. 

Mr. Samuel Davis died since last Synod. 

Ordered, That the committee for the fund meet at three o'clock, post 
meridiem. 

The Synod having received a letter from Mr. John Walton, desiring us to 
appoint the Presbytery of Long Island to be a committee to judge in his case, 
it was ordered, that an extract of the minutes of the Synod, relating to his 
affair, be sent to him. And it was further ordered, at the desire of the Pres- 
bytery of Long Island, that this affair be left as before, viz. to the Presbytery 
of Long Island, together with Messrs. Morgan, Dickinson, and Pierson, and 
that the said members have a copy of the said extract of minutes, to dispose 
of as they shall see cause. 

Mr. Stewart being questioned touching his not going to Virginia according 
to appointment, the year before last, he alleged for excuse, bodily indisposi- 
tion, which excuse was accepted by the Synod ; and, as to his absence last 
year from the Synod, he brought his wife's indisposition for a reason, which 
was sustained. 

Adjourned till five o'clock, post meridiem. 

At jive o' clock, post meridiem, sederunt, fyc. 

There being, according to the report of the committee for the fund, by col- 
lections and interest money brought in, the sum of ten pounds and three pence 
half-penny, there was given by the Synod to Mrs. Willson five pounds ; to 
Octorara two pounds ; to Goshen two pounds ; to Mr. Anderson, on account 
of Mr. Finch, one pound; to the door-keeper the remainder, viz. seven shil- 
lings and three pence half-penny. 

The Presbytery books were brought in and approved. 

Appointed, That the next Synod meet at Philadelphia, upon the third Wed- 
nesday of September next, at two o'clock, afternoon. 

Concluded with prayer. 



80 MINUTES OF THE 

Philadelphia, September 21, 1726. 

The Synod met by their delegates according to appointment. 

Ubi post preces sederunt, 

Ministers delegated: Messrs. Malachi Jones, Thomas Craighead, Jedidia 
Andrews, Robert Cross, John Thomson, David Evans, Joseph Webb, Ale] 
ander Hutchinson, Noyes Parris, Thomas Evans. 

Elders delegated: Charles Hofty, William Blair, John Snowden, Alexai 
der Mulleston, James Abraham, Samuel Farrin, John Bravur, David Evan 
Esquire. 

Masters Joseph Morgan, William Tennent, Hugh Conn, and Robe: 
Stewart, delegated ministers, were absent; and Mr. William Tennent was al 
sent also last year. 

Masters James Anderson, Joseph Houston, and Samuel Gelston, wei 
members occasionally present. 

Mr. Thomas Craighead was chosen moderator, and Mr. Webb clerk. 

Adjourned till to-morrow morning, eight o'clock. 

22 day, at eight o'clock, A. M. Post preces, sederunt qui supra. 

Mr. David Evans, the moderator of the last Synod, opened the Synod b 
preaching a sermon from Acts v. 42. 

Ordered, That the last year's minutes be read. 

Messrs. Jones, Andrews, Craighead, Anderson, Thomson, and Cross, aj 
pointed to be a committee for the fund, and any other business the Syno 
shall recommend to them. 

Mr. Houston appointed to preach on Friday night. 

Mr. Thomas Evans and Mr. Alexander Hutchinson appointed to revise th 
Presbytery book of Long Island; Mr. Noyes Parris and Mr. Joseph Web 
appointed to revise the Presbytery book of New Castle. The Presbyter 
book of Philadelphia was not brought to the Synod. 

Inquiry being made who had made any collections for the fund, it ws 
found that these following had done it, Mr. Malachi Jones, Mr. Robert Cross 
Mr. John Thomson, and Mr. David Evans. 

Ordered, That the ministers here present should represent to the seven 
Presbyteries, that there be yearly something done for the fund as was formerl 
appointed. 

It appearing that the commission of the Synod had done something relatin 
to the fund, Ordered, That they bring in an account of it to the Synod tc 
morrow morning. 

The committee for the fund appointed to meet at three o'clock post meric 
together with the commissioners of the Synod. 

A reference from the Presbytery of Long-Island was brought in, and th 
papers relating to it were read, and the consideration of that affair deferred ti 
next sederunt. 

Adjourned till five o'clock, post merid. 

At five o'clock, P. M. post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the Presbytery books that are here, be brought in by th 
members appointed to revise them, to-morrow morning. 

The commissioners of the Synod brought in an account to the Synod o 
what they had done respecting the change of a mortgage from Joseph Harri 
son, which was approved. 

Ordered, That the affair referred to the Synod by the Presbytery of Long 
Island, be referred to the committee for an overture upon it, to be brought ii 
next sederunt. 



SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 81 

A representation being made from the Presbytery of New Castle, of the 
conduct of Mr. Gilbert Tennent, respecting his leaving of New Castle, de- 
siring the judgment of the Synod in that affair; it was concluded that the said 
Mr. Tennent's steps were too hasty and unadvised in several particulars ; and 
accordingly ordered the moderator to reprove him, and withal exhort him unto 
more caution and deliberation in his future proceedings. 

Mr. William Tennent, by his son, offered the reasons of his absence, which 
were sustained. 

The committee appointed to meet to-morrow morning at eight o'clock. 

Adjourned till ten o'clock to-morrow morning. 

i 
236? day at ten o'clock, A. M. post preces sederunt qui supra. 

The Presbytery books that were here were brought in and approved. 

The committee met according to appointment, and brought in overtures 
upon the affair of New York congregation, (which was referred to the Synod 
by the Presbytery of Long-Island,) which overture, (after reading and mature 
deliberation had upon them,) were unanimously approved, and ordered to be 
transcribed and inserted in our minutes. The overtures are as followeth: 

Overtured, That Doctor Nicholls' conduct, (as represented to us by the 
elders and representatives of the Presbyterian congregation of New York,) 
appears unjustifiable and unbecoming the gospel; and we cannot but judge it 
to be so in the following respects, (until we are otherwise informed,) viz: 

1 . In his disposing of the money sent from Great Britain for the payment 
of the Church's debt, without consulting the representatives, who are equally 
concerned with him in the affair. 

2. In refusing to cancel or deliver up the bonds paid with the public 
money. 

3. In exacting interest in such a rigorous manner, for money laid out for 
promoting the interest of Christ, as he at first professed. 

4. In disregarding the Presbytery, and not attending the Synod in the affair 
of the representation, when he was apprized that the affair was referred to the 
Synod. 

5. In applying to Boston for a minister without the concurrence of Pres- 
bytery or Synod, or the elders and representatives of the congregation. 

Overtured further, That a letter be wrote to Dr. Nicholl, expressing the 
mind of the Synod fully with respect to his conduct. And a letter to the 
ministers of Boston not to countenance the Doctor in this matter, until he give 
satisfaction. And a letter to the elders and representatives of New York con- 
gregation. 

Further overtured, That the Synod, (as things now appear,) doth judge it 
to be the duty of Doctor Nicholl, to give such satisfaction to the said represen- 
tatives in the affair of the public money and bonds, as will appear satisfactory 
in the judgment of the Synod or the commissioners of the Synod. Until 
which time the Synod cannot concur with him in any of his endeavours for 
obtaining a minister. 

Overtured, That the Synod are willing to contribute their best endeavours 
for the good of the congregation of New York, and (in case of Mr. Anderson's 
removal,) take care to provide supplies for them while vacant, and provide a 
pastor for them as soon as Providence may open a door. And for this pur- 
pose do recommend them to the care of the Presbytery of Long-Island, to 
which they belong, together with such correspondents from the Presbytery of 
Philadelphia as may be thought needful. 

Overtured, That Mr. Anderson, (according to his desire,) be left at his 
liberty to remove from New York, and to accept of a call from any other peo- 
ple, as Providence may determine ; and the congregation of New York be at 



82 MINUTES OF THE 

liberty to call another minister, (in an orderly way,) as soon as they shall pa 
up what arrears appear justly due to Mr. Anderson. 

Overtured, That a letter be wrote to Mr. Smith in answer to his to tl 
Synod, letting him know, that the Synod will not remit that money for whic 
Mr. McNish's estate stands obliged, and that he take care about it; and lik 
wise a letter be wrote to Mr. William Tennent, of the same purport. 

Ordered, That Messrs. Jones and Andrews write the letter to the ministe: 
of Boston; Messrs. Thomson and David Evans to Dr. Nicholl; Messr 
Thomas Evans and Webb to the congregation of New York; and Messr 
Gelston and Parris, those to Mr. Tennent and Mr. Joseph Smith, and that the 
be brought into the Synod to-morrow morning. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. 

Jit 3 o'clock P. M. post preces sederunt qui supra. 

An appeal from some members of Mr. Houston's congregation being pr 
sented to the Synod, and all papers relating to that affair being read, as als 
ail that the parties had to say patiently heard, the consideration thereof w; 
deferred till to-morrow morning. 

Adjourned till eight o'clock to-morrow morning. 

24th day at eight o'clock, A. M. post preces, sederunt qui supra. 

The letters mentioned in a former minute were all brought in and a: 
proved. 

The affair of the abovesaid appeal being reassumed, and much time spei 
in debating and considering of it, it was put to vote, whether approve < 
disapprove of the Presbytery's conduct with respect to the matter of sa 
appeal, and it was carried in the affirmative nemine contradicente. Upc 
the whole, the Synod after mature deliberation, do judge that the appellan 
have acted irregularly in separating from the congregation whereof they a 
members, and going about to build a separate meeting-house, which seems 
have a visible tendency to the hurt and detriment of the interest of Christ ai 
religion in that place. And do further judge the treatment they have given 
the Presbytery of New Castle, as appears by their own papers, to be unju 
tifiable and justly censurable, and do exhort said persons to return to the co 
gregation to which they belong, and endeavour to maintain the unity of tl 
spirit in the bond of peace. 

A call from the people of Dunegall to the Rev. Mr. James Anderson, beii 
presented to the Synod, the Synod recommended said call to Mr. Anders( 
for his consideration about it. 

Adjourned till two o'clock, post merid. 

At tivo o'clock, P. M. post preces sederunt qui supra. 
There being from time to time complaints of the weakness and deficienc 
of Mr. Robert Laing, rendering his exercise of the ministerial function a d 
triment to the interest of religion, and rather a scandal than an help to t] 
gospel; the Synod advised him to demit the whole exercise of the ministr 
and not to take it up again but by the approbation of at least three ministers 
the Presbytery wherein he may reside ; the said Mr. Laing did quietly ai 
humbly acquiesce in the aforesaid advice. And there being a motion mad 
that in case Mr. Laing should remove unto some place in the skirts of tl 
Synod, so that the commissioners may not be apprized of his circumstanc 
in order to his relief, should there be need of it, that any member or membe 
of the Synod administering to his necessities in a prudent way, (wherein tfctf 
shall be accountable to the Synod,) may be reimbursed by the Synod. Tl 
said motion was approved of by the Synod, the said Mr. Laing bringing wi 



SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 83 

him such credentials as may testify of his good moral behaviour. And the 
Synod did, for the present, in testimony of their compassion, give him out of 
the fund the sum of forty shillings. 

Mr. Webb giving account of some difficulties in his congregation, which he 
hoped might be healed by a committee appointed by the Synod, it was (in 
compliance with his desire,) ordered, that Messrs. Morgan, Anderson, Cross, 
Pierson, Gelston, Jonathan Dickinson, and Andrews, should be the said com- 
mittee, and meet at Newark on the fourth Wednesday of October next, to act 
with the full power of the Synod in all matters that may be laid before them 
with respect to that congregation, and bring an account of what they do to the 
next Synod. 

Messrs. Jones, Andrews, Evans, Anderson, Cross, and Jonathan Dickin- 
son, continued to be the commissioners of the Synod, with the same power as 
formerly. 

Adjourned till the third Wednesday of September next, then to meet at 
Philadelphia at two o'clock, afternoon. Concluded with prayer. 

September 20, 1727. 

The full Synod met at Philadelphia according to appointment, when post 
preces sederunt, 

Ministers: Messrs. Malachi Jones, Jedidiah Andrews, Thomas Craighead, 
John Thomson, James Anderson, Joseph Morgan, George Gillespie, Hugh 
Conn, William Stewart, John Pierson, David Evans, William Tennent, 
Samuel Gelston, Joseph Houston. John Bradner, Thomas Evans. Henry 
Hook, Nathaniel Hubbill, Alexander Hutchinson, Gilbert Tennent, Joseph 
Webb, Archibald McCook, Adam Boyd. 

Elders present: Messrs. Joseph Charlesworth, John Snowden, John Mont- 
gomery, Archibald Smith, James Mitchell, John Hutten, Joseph Steel, James 
Abraham, James Smith, Joseph Thomas, Jacob King, Samuel Allen, David 
Lawson, Arthur Park. 

Ministers absent: Messrs. Jonathan Dickinson, Samuel Pumry, Robert 
Cross, Noyes Parris. 

Mr. John Pierson was chosen moderator, and Mr. Thomas Evans clerk. 

Mr. Craighead opened the Synod by preaching a sermon from 1 Tim. 
iv. 14, 15. 

Adjourned till eight o'clock to-morrow morning. 

21 day, at eight o'clock, post preces, sederunt qui supra. 

Messrs. Jonathan Dickinson, Cross, and Orme, gave by letters the reasons 
of their absence, which were sustained. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last Synod be read. 

Masters William Tennent, Conn, and Stewart, gave the reasons of their 
absence last Synod, which were sustained. 

Masters Jones, Andrews, Craighead, Anderson, Thomson, and the mode- 
rator, appointed to be a committee for the fund, and any other business that 
the Synod shall recommend to them. 

Masters Bradner and William Tennent appointed to revise the Presbytery 
book of New Castle. The Presbytery books of Long Island and Philadel- 
phia were not brought to the Synod, and the reasons thereof were sustained. 

Inquiry being made who had brought collections for the Synod, it was 
found that Mr. Andrews had brought somewhat. 

The committee for the fund appointed to meet at three o'clock, post meri- 
diem, together wish the commission of the Synod. 

A petition and other papers being brought into the Synod by Dr. Nicolls, 



84 MINUTES OF THE 

they were read, and referred to the consideration of the committee to bring 
overtures upon them. 

The transactions of the committee last year appointed to meet at Newa: 
were brought in, read, and approved. 

Masters Jones, Andrews, David Evans, Cross, Jonathan Dickinson, a 
Pierson, appointed to be the commission of the Synod for the year ensuing. 

A letter was presented to the Synod from the ministers of Boston, in N 
England, as also another from the Presbyterian congregation at New Yo 
referring to the ordination of Mr. Pemberton, and his settlement at New Yo 
and proposing his admission as a member of the Synod ; both which bei 
read, the consideration of that whole affair was referred to the committee 
bring in an overture upon it. 

Adjourned till eight o'clock to-morrow morning. 

22 day, at eight o'clock, ante meridiem, post preces, sederunt qui sup 

Overtured, upon the affair of the congregation at New York, That, althou 
the Synod, according to the representation then made to them, saw cause 1 
year to find fault with several parts of Dr. Nicoll's management with resp 
to the public money belonging to the congregation there, yet inasmuch as 1 
body of that congregation have signified by their letter to this Synod, that tfc 
are fully satisfied with the Doctor's accounts and conduct in that affair, 1 
Synod think they have no more to do in that matter, saving still the right a 
privilege of the representatives or others, hereafter to remonstrate their c 
satisfactions, if they have any, in a regular way before Presbytery or Sync 
which overture was approved of. 

And as to the call and settlement of the Rev. Mr. Pemberton at New Yo 
the Synod does declare that the rules of our Presbyterian constitution wi 
not observed in several respects by that congregation in that matter. T 
also passed by the Synod, nemine contradicente. 

And it was put to the vote, Receive or delay the receiving of Mr. Pemb 
ton as a member of this Synod; and it was carried for delaying, which de] 
did not flow from any disrespect to Mr. Pemberton, or any fault objec 
against him, but from other reasons. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, post meridiem. 

Three o'clock, P. M. Post preces, sederunt qui supra. 

The further consideration of the affair of New York deferred till to-morn 
morning, 

Two letters were brought in, one from the party dissenting from Mr. Ho 
ton's congregation, and another from the said congregation, which were 
ferred to the committee to bring in overtures upon them. 

A supplication from a party of Mr. Boyd's congregation, referred also 
the committee for the same purpose. 

The committee appointed to meet at eight o'clock to-morrow morning. 

Adjourned till ten o'clock to-morrow, ante meridiem. 

23 day. Ten o'clock, ante meridiem. Post preces, sederunt qui sup 

The affair of New York continued. 

The affair relating to Mr. Houston's congregation and the disaffected nei< 
bours, reassumed. 

Overtured, upon the affair of Elk River, That inasmuch as although b< 
the Presbytery of New Castle and our Synod have condemned the procei 
ings of that party, who have supplicated for a new erection, yet they appe 
ing constantly and firmly resolved not to be reconciled to that congregation 
a part of it, in order to attend God's worship in their old meeting-house, 



SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 85 

reason of feuds and differences arising between them and some of the mem- 
bers of that congregation ; and inasmuch as the erecting of that party as a dis- 
tinct separate congregation as yet, appears to have an evident tendency to 
weaken and disable, if not utterly destroy that congregation, by reason of the 
paucity and poverty of the inhabitants of our persuasion there, partly by 
reason of the ill situation of the new meeting-house, which, upon supposition 
of a new erection, will infer a necessity of joining a considerable part of Mr. 
Houston's congregation with that new erection, the Synod being desirous of 
taking healing as well as just measures to determine in that affair, do judge as 
followeth, viz. 

First, That that party be allowed to have a new meeting-house in some 
part of their side of the congregation, yet still to remain a part of that con- 
gregation until the Presbytery or Synod have more encouragement for a 
new erection. 

Secondly, That in order to this, the new meeting-house be removed to any 
place above six miles distance in a direct line from the old meeting-house, 
which the said supplicants shall agree upon, and that it be seven miles from 
any other. 

Thirdly, That upon the compliance of said party with said terms, Mr. 
Houston's congregation shall contribute to the removal of the said new meet- 
ing-house in proportions to their subscriptions. 

Or, that those supplicants shall be erected into a separate congregation as 
soon as they, at their own expense, do remove their new meeting-house as 
aforesaid, and that none that are now orderly members of Mr. Houston's con- 
gregation, shall be received as members of said erection without the consent 
of the congregation, or order of the Presbytery. 

This overture was read before the Synod, and all parties being patiently 
heard in what they had to offer upon it, and after considerable reasoning upon 
the whole affair, parties being removed, it was put to the vote, whether this 
overture should be approved or not, and it was carried in the affirmative unan- 
imously, save only one dissentient. 

Ordered, That no minister preach in the said new meeting house while in 
that place where it now is. 

The committee appointed to meet at eight o'clock Monday morning. 

Adjourned till ten o'clock, Monday morning. 

25 day, Monday, ten o'clock, A. M. post preces, sederunt qui supra. 

The affair of New York was reassumed. 

Masters Andrews, Morgan, Jonathan Dickinson, Pierson, and Webb, ap- 
pointed to be a committee to meet at New York to accommodate matters of 
difference between that congregation and the Presbytery of Long Island, and 
also any other differences that may be among themselves about their church 
settlement, and particularly to receive Mr. Pemberton as a member of the 
Synod, or not, as they shall see cause. As to the time of the meeting of the 
said committee, it is determined that it shall be at such time as the congrega- 
ion of New York shall agree upon, they giving reasonable notice to the mem- 
Ders of the committee, and the Presbytery of Long Island, that they may 
neet there together. 

Ordered, That a letter be writ to the congregation at New York by Mr. 
Andrews and the moderator, and another to the Presbytery of Long Island 
y Masters Anderson and Thomson. 

And it was further Ordered, That the said committee shall write to Scot- 
and, giving an account of the affairs of New York congregation, at their own 
liscretion. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. 
S 



85 MINUTES OF THE 

Three o'clock, P. M. Post preces, sederunt qui supra. 

A paper of protest was brought into the Synod, after all business was dom 
by Messrs. Jones, David Evans, Webb, and Hubbell, which was ordered 1 
be kept in retentis. 

Adjourned till the third Wednesday of September next, and then to me< 
at Philadelphia. 

September 18, 1728. 

The delegated Synod met at Philadelphia, according to appointment. 

Ubi post preces sederunt, 

Ministers: Messrs. Jedidiah Andrews, Thomas Craighead, John Thon 
son, James Anderson, Joseph Morgan, George Gillespie, John Pierson, W 7 i 
Ham Tennent, Samuel Gelston, Joseph Houston, Gilbert Tennent, Archibal 
McCook, Adam Boyd, Jonathan Dickinson, Samuel Pumry, Robert Cros: 
Noyes Parris. 

Elders: Messrs. John Budd, John Cochran, Archibald Smith, Richai 
Allison, John Hutton, John Cross, Robert Linton, Moses Rolph, Rog< 
Train, Arthur Park, Nathaniel Hazzard, William More. 

Mr. Andrews was chosen moderator, and Mr. Boyd Was chosen clerk. 

Mr. Pierson opened the Synod with a sermon upon 2 Tim. iii. 5. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last Synod be read. 

Masters Craighead, William Tennent, Anderson, Thomson, Cross, Did 
inson, and the moderator, appointed to be a committee for the fund, and an 
other business that the Synod shall recommend to them. 

Masters Houston and Boyd ordered to revise the Presbytery book of Phil; 
delphia. 

Masters William Tennent and Pierson appointed to revise the Presbytei 
book of New Castle. 

The Presbytery book of Long Island was not brought, and the reason of 
was sustained. 

Inquiry being made who had brought collections for the fund, it was foim 
that Mr. Anderson had brought somewhat. And it was recommended, th 
the appointment in reference to the raising collections for the fund be careful] 
observed for the future. 

Ordered, That the committee for the fund, meet at eight o'clock, to-morrov 
antemerid. together with the commissioners of the Synod. 

Messrs. Andrews, Cross, Dickinson, Pierson, Craighead, and Gillespii 
appointed to be the commissioners of the Synod for the year ensuing. 

Ordered, That the committee appointed last year to go to New York, brin 
in their minutes relating to that affair to-morrow morning. 

Adjourned till ten o'clock to-morrow, ante meridiem. 

19th day, ten o'clock, A. M> post preces, sederunt qui supra. 

Agreed that the interest of Mr. William Tennent's bond be remitted ti 
this time. Agreed to take Mr. Tennent's own bond for that monev due 1 
the Synod for which Mr McNish's estate was engaged. 

Ordered that the committee meet at four o'clock. 

Adjourned till five o'clock, post mend„ 

At Jive o'clock, P. M. post preces sederunt qui supra. 
The committee appointed last Synod to meet at New York, in order 1 
inspect into the affairs of that congregation, as also to consult about Mr. Pen 
berton's admission as a member of the Synod, having produced their minute: 



SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 87 

and the said minutes being read and considered,* the following questions 
were proposed to the vote of the Synod. 

1. Whether the committee had authority from the Synod to consider the 
admission of Mr. Pemberton as a member of the Synod, without previously 



* The minutes of the committee that met at New York November 15, 1727. 

New York, November 15, 1727. 

According to the appointment of the Synod of Philadelphia, the committee for the affair 
of the Presbyterian congregation at New York, convened at New York the time above 
mentioned, ubi post preces sederunt, Messrs. Morgan, Pierson, Webb, and Jonathan Dick- 
inson. Mr. Pierson chosen moderator, and Mr. Dickinson clerk. 

Mr. Webb having at the Synod last sitting at Philadelphia, signed a protestation and 
withal declared his purpose to join no more with the Synod, he does now before this 
committee retract that his declaration of withdrawal from the Synod, and declare his 
future purpose of continuing a member of and joining with the Synod. 

Adjourned till five o'clock, post merid. 

At Jive o'clock, post merid. post preces sederunt qui supra. 

After hearing several debates between Dr. Nicoll and some others that offered com- 
plaints against Dr. Nicoll, the committee saw it necessary to put off the further consid- 
eration thereof till to-morrow morning. 

Adjourned till to-morrow morning at nine o'clock. 

16th day at nine o'clock, post preces sederunt qui supra. 
The affair between Dr. Nicoll and some others of this congregation being reassumed, 
the Committee found it necessary to defer it till the next sederunt. 
Adjourned till three o'clock, post merid. 

At three o'clock, P. M. post preces sederunt qui supra. 

The committee having used their endeavours to procure a reconciliation between Dr. 
Nicoll and Masters Liddle, Blake, and Ingliss, and to have the differences between them 
relating to the Presbyterian church at New York amicably healed, have the satisfaction 
and comfort of their coming now into an happy agreement on these following terms. 

3. That Masters Liddel, Blake, and Ingliss, shall, as soon as with conveniency it can 
be done, make over and convey all their right, title, and interest in the Presbyterian 
church or meeting-house in New York, to the Rev. Masters William Mitchell, William 

Wisheart, William Hamilton, Miller, and Hart, ministers in Edinburgh, in 

North Britain, and to Dr. John Nicoll abovesaid, in trust for the use of the Presbyterian 
Congregation in New York, and to and for no other use whatsoever. And that by the 
same instrument of conveyance, they authorize and impower the Presbytery of Edin- 
burgh, for the time being, from time to time, and at any time hereafter, to appoint and 
put in trust, under their hands and seals, whomsoever they shall think proper, in the 
room and place and with the full power and authority of any of the said gentlemen 
above mentioned, upon his or their death, and of all of them successively upon their 
decease. 

2. That Dr. Nicoll do cancel and make void what bonds of the said Liddel, Blake, and 
Ingliss, he has in his hands, either given to him by them, or assigned to him by any 
others that were given on account of the said Presbyterian church or meeting-house in 
New York, and that he free and indemnify them from all former obligations to him on 
account of said church, and particularly from a bond conjunctly given by him and them 
unto Mr Samuel Bayard. 

3. That the said Dr. Nicoll do give a bond of two thousand pounds to the above men- 
tioned ministers of Edinburgh, that neither he nor his heirs shall ever alienate his or 
their right, title, or interest, in the above mentioned church, or meeting-house, or the 
ground thereunto belonging, from the use of a Presbyterian congregation in New York, 
for ever. And also that, as soon as the said Dr. Nicoll shall be paid and reimbursed 
what is due to him on account of the said church, or meeting-house, and ground, that he 
will also make over his right and interest in the said house and ground, to the above- 
mentioned ministers of Edinburgh, in the same form, and to the same intents and 
purposes as the said Liddel, Blake, and Ingliss, shall do. And also, that Dr. Nicoll 
shall oblige himself by a bond of five hundred pounds, to be given to Masters John Pier- 
son, Robert Cross, and Jonathan Dickinson, that, notwithstanding his mortgage upon the 



88 MINUTES OF THE 

considering what the Presbytery of Long-Island had to offer in that affai 
Carried in the negative by a great majority. 

2. Whether the Synod approve of the conduct of the committee with rel 
tion to the divisions of the said congregation. Carried in the affirmatr 
nemine contradicente. 

3. Whether Mr. Pemberton be allowed as a member of this Synod, I 
virtue of what the committee has done. Carried in the negative. 

4. Whether notwithstanding of all the irregularity that was in the aceessk 
of Mr. Pemberton to New York, the Synod do now accept him as a membe 
Carried in the affirmative nemine contradicente. 

And it is left to Mr. Pemberton and the congregation, to join to what Pre 
bytery they shall think fit. 

Diverse papers of complaint against Mr. Morgan were read, the consider 
tion of them deferred till to-morrow. 

Adjourned till eight o'clock to-morrow, A. M. 

20th day at eight o'clock, ante merid. post preces sederunt qui supr 
The affair of Mr. Morgan reassumed, and the further consideration of 
deferred till afternoon. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. 

At three o'clock, F, M. post preces, sederunt qui supra. 

As to the accusations against Mr. Morgan, the Synod judges in the sevei 
articles as followeth. 

As to the first article the Synod judges that Mr. Morgan's declaration of h 
judgment in that affair is satisfactory. 



said church, or meeting-house, he will concur with such men as the said ministers 
Edinburgh shall appoint, in the sale of such pews in the said church as shall be order 
to be sold by the major part of the said Presbyterian congregation in New York. 

4. It is also agreed by Dr. Nicoll, that no reparation or addition shall be made to t 
said church without the consent and direction of the major part of the congregation, ai 
upon their charge. 

5. It is agreed, that the congregation shall, if they please, by a majority of votes, choc 
five men as public managers or representatives. And the said Dr. Nicoll does also agr 
that whosoever of the congregation desires it, shall have copies at their own charge, 
whatever papers are now in his hands that refer to the building of the Presbyteri; 
church in New York. 

As an evidence that the abovesaid Masters Liddel, Blake, and Ingliss, do consent a 
agree to all the abovesaid articles, they hereunto set their hands in the presence of t 
committee. ) 

John Nicoll, 
Thomas Ingliss, 
John Blake, 
Joseph Liddel. 
Adjourned till to-morrow morning, at nine o'clock. 

17 day, at nine o'clock, post preces, sederunt qui supra. 

Being proposed to the committee, and agreed upon by Dr. Nicoll and several membe 
of the congregation, that there be two men chosen by the congregation to account wi 
said Dr. Nicoll, from time to time, for whatever money he shall receive towards the pa 
ment of the debt due to him from the church, the committee approve of the overture ai 
recommend it to the congregation. 

Mr. Pemberton appearing before this committee and desiring admission, as a memb 
of the Synod of Philadelphia, promised upon such admission all subjection to the sa 
Synod in the Lord, the committee can see no reason why such admission should be i 
fused or delayed, and do therefore admit him as a member of the said Synod. 

The committee having received a letter from the commission of the General Asser 
bly of the Church of Scotland, wrote an answer thereunto, representing thereby the pr 
sent state of the congregation of New York, and then concluded. 



SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 89 

As to the second article the Synod judges that it laid no foundation for a 
public accusation. 

As to the third article, the Synod agree that Mr. Morgan's answer in refe- 
rence thereto is sufficient, and that the accusers had no just ground of separa- 
tion on that score. 

As to the fourth article, 1. The Synod do bear their strongest testimony 
against the practice of judicial astrology. 2. That the Synod think they have 
sufficient evidence that Mr. Morgan is far from approving that art, and has 
given all his accusers sufficient grounds of satisfaction in that matter both pub- 
licly and privately. 3. The Synod judge Mr. Morgan's accusers to be very 
culpable in bringing in this article against him, when they have sat peaceably 
under his ministry, and partook with him in sealing ordinances many years 
after the things were done that they complain of. 4. And after all, the Synod 
cannot clear Mr. Morgan from imprudence and misconduct in making the two 
alleged experiments of that kind, if the reports be true, were his ends never 
so good and laudable. 

As to the fifth article, although the synod do not approve promiscuous 
dancing, yet they judge it a clear indication of the captious and querulous 
spirit of Mr. Morgan's accusers, that they offer such a complaint against him. 

As to the sixth article, the Synod have satisfying evidence that the accusa- 
tion is false in fact. 

As to the seventh article, it also appears to the Synod, (notwithstanding any 
evidence brought to confirm it,) to be a groundless prosecution against one, 
who has ever been esteemed a temperate man. However, if there be any 
other evidence against Mr. Morgan in this article, as is alleged by some of his 
accusers, they may offer such evidence to the Presbytery of Philadelphia, to 
which Mr. Morgan belongs. 

There being an overture presented to the Synod in writing, having reference 
to the subscribing of the Confession of Faith, &c. The Synod judging this 
to be a very important affair, unanimously concluded to defer the considera- 
tion of it till the next Synod; withal recommending it to the members of each 
Presbytery present to give timeous notice thereof to the absent members, and 
it is agreed that the next be a full Synod. 

Adjourned till nine o'clock to-morrow morning. 

21s/ day at nine o'clock, A. M. post preces sederunt qui supra. 

The Presbytery of Philadelphia having referred the consideration of an 
appeal, from sundry persons excommunicated by Mr. Jones, to the Synod, 
the Synod have deferred the same till Monday morning at ten o'clock, in order 
that Mr. Jones may have notice thereof; also ordered, that the appellant give 
Mr. Jones an account of this minute this day. 

The Synod having considered the affair of the people that appealed to them 
from the Presbytery of New Castle, came to this conclusion, that the minutes 
of the last year's Synod with respect to them be complied with; and further 
agree that they shall build no other meeting-house in another place besides 
that chosen by them, without the approbation of the Presbytery or Synod 
first obtained. 

Adjourned till eight o'clock on Monday morning. 

23d day, at eight o'clock, Ji. M post preces sederunt qui supra. 
Letters came to the Synod from Mrs. Catharine Wood, who stands excom- 
municated by the Baptist Church in Philadelphia, complaining against the 
censure of that Church, and desiring the Synod to relieve her; which being 
considered by an interloquitur of the Synod, it was agreed that a letter should 
be writ to that church, desiring a conference between three or four of them and 
8* 



90 MINUTES OF THE 

as many of us relating to that affair ; which letter being wrote and deliver 
and no answer from them yet come, the Synod agreed to leave the conside 
tion of any answer that might be brought, and what else may occur about t 
matter, to the management of the commission of the Synod, the time of 
Synod's sitting being near expired. 

The Synod having received several letters from sundry persons at New Yo 
full of complaints against diverse persons, without timeously advertising s 
persons thereof, for ought that we know, that they might take measures 
justify themselves, the Synod would take no cognizance of these complai 
by reason of the absence of the parties complained of, but remit them to 
Presbytery, which the congregation shall be annexed unto by their own cho] 
to inspect into these matters, and w T ithal do earnestly request all parties th 
to lay aside all heats and animosities, and endeavour for peace as much as j 
sible. In the mean time the Synod allows the complainants, viz : Masi 
Blake, Ingliss, and Liddell, to join with any neighbouring congregation of 
communion, as to sacramental communion until said differences are hapj 
removed. And it is the advice of the Synod, that the contending parties th 
about accounts, do choose suitable persons to adjust and settle them. And 
the demand of Mr. Anderson of money, that he says is due to him, the Sy: 
do earnestly recommend it to the congregation to inspect into that affair, . 
Anderson being willing to refer his demand to the judgment of any prud 
indifferent persons, that themselves shall choose, which in the judgmen 
the Synod is so fair on his side, that they cannot but think it must needs 1 
to an end of that difference. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. 

At three o'clock, P. M. post preces sederunt qui supra 
Six persons that were excommunicated by the Rev. Mr. Malachi Joi 
namely, George Renock and his wife, Robert Poke, William Renock and 
wife, and Henry Jameson, appealing to the Presbytery of Philadelphia, fi 
the sentence of excommunication passed against them, and the Presbyt 
having referred that matter to the determination of the Synod ; after heai 
two of the appellants and two of Mr. Jones's church, (whereof one was 
elder,) declaring what they knew of the offences charged against the ap 
lants, as also read and considered the extract of the minutes of the excomi 
nication; the Synod, after due deliberation, came to this conclusion: T. 
whereas the appellants do freely own, in their own names, and in the nai 
of them that are absent, their breaking away from the communion of i 
Jones's church, without previous application made for certificates of disr 
sion, was a disorder and a fault for which they are very sorry, and do ask 
giveness of God and all those that they did offend by this disorderly step ; 
Synod does appoint, that upon their acknowledging this their offence, h 
writing read or offered to be read in Mr. Jones's congregation, the said ap 
lants shall be absolved from the aforesaid sentence, and so be free to join ■ 
what congregation they please. 

Adjourned till the third Wednesday of September next, and then to me< 
Philadelphia at 11 o'clock, A. M. Concluded with prayer. 

September lltlu 172S 
The Synod met according to appointment, ubi post preces sederunt, 
Ministers: Messrs. Jedidiah Andrews, Thomas Craighead, John Tin 
son, James Anderson, John Pierson, Samuel Gelston, Joseph Houston, < 
bert Tennent, Adam Boyd, Jonathan Dickinson, John Bradner, Hutchins 
Thomas Evans, Daniel Elmer, Stevenson, William Tennent. Hugh Cc 
John Orme, George Gillespie, John Willson. 



SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 91 

Elders : Messrs. John Budd, William Blair, John Allen, James Galbreath, 
Moses Rolpf, John Thomson, John Devor, Solomon Carpenter, William Wil- 
liams, Edmund Crapper, Jonathan Fithian, George Renocks, John Cross. 

Ministers absent: Masters Joseph Morgan, Pemberton, Cross, Webb, 
Pumry, Stewart, and Hook. 

Mr. Andrews opened the Synod with a sermon on Col. iii. 17. 

Mr. Anderson chosen moderator, and Mr. Thomas Evans clerk. 

Adjourned till eight o'clock to-morrow morning. 

18 day, at eight o'clock, A. M. post preces, sederunt qui supra. 
Ordered, That the minutes of the last Synod be read. 

In calling over the roll we found that since our last the Rev. Mr. Malachi 
Jones, heretofore a member with us, and the Rev. Mr. Archibald McCook, 
were departed this life. 

The Synod inquiring into the reasons of the absence of Mr. Parris, were 
informed that he is disorderly, withdrawn, and gone to New England, under 
the imputation of scandal, and it is ordered, that Mr. Dickinson do write a 
letter to Boston relating the circumstances of said affair. 

Masters Andrews, Dickinson, Thomson, Pierson, Craighead, Conn, Budd, 
and the moderator, be a committee for the fund, or any other business that the 
Synod shall recommend unto them. 

Masters Houston and Bradner ordered to revise the Presbytery book of 
Philadelphia, and Masters Gilbert Tennent and Elmer to revise the Presby- 
tery book of New Castle. The Presbytery book of Long Island was absent. 

Inquiry being made who had brought collections for the fund, it was found 
that the members have been generally defective in that matter, and it was re- 
commended that the appointment in reference to the raising collections for 
the fund, be carefully observed for the future, and that the Synod's letter re- 
lating to it be read yearly in the congregations within our bounds as formerly. 

Ordered, That the committee for the fund meet at three o'clock, P. M. to- 
gether with the commission of the Synod. 

Masters Andrews, Cross, Dickinson, Pierson, Craighead, and Gillespie, 
appointed to be the commission of the Synod for the ensuing year. 

The affair relating to the confession under our consideration since our last, 
is referred to the committee to draw up an overture upon it. 

Inquiry being made with respect to Mrs. Catharine Wood, it was found 
that endeavours had been used in order to accommodate said affair, but to lit- 
tle purpose hitherto : and the said affair is wholly left to the management of 
any Presbytery to which she shall apply, as they shall see cause. And the 
better to enable the said Presbytery to conduct themselves in it, the Synod, 
having been informed that her old friends, the Baptists, say that they have 
nothing to object against her, and that any other society are at liberty to re- 
ceive her, if they shall see cause, they do judge that she is virtually released, 
from the censure she laid under, and therefore that she may be received as a 
member of a Christian church, if the differences between her husband and her 
were accommodated, for any thing that appears to them. 

The Synod being informed that our former minute relating to arrears claim- 
ed by Mr. Anderson from the congregation at New York, was not complied 
with, they do recommend the said affair to the inspection of the Presbytery 
of Philadelphia. 

Adjourned till nine o'clock to-morrow morning. 

19 day, at nine o'clock, A. M. post preces, sederunt qui supra. 
Ordered, That the minutes of our last sederunt be read. 

The Rev. Mr. John Willson coming providentially into these parts, signify- 



92 MINUTES OF THE 

■ 

ing his desire of being admitted as a member of the Synod, his credent^ 
being read, and the Synod satisfied therewith, he was unanimously receive 

The committee brought in an overture upon the affair of the confessio 
which, after long debating upon it, was agreed upon in hsec verba. 

Although the Synod do not claim or pretend to any authority of imposi] 
our faith upon other men's consciences, but do profess our just dissatisfactii 
with, and abhorrence of such impositions, and do utterly disclaim all legis' 
tive power and authority in the Church, being willing to receive one anoth 
as Christ has received us to the glory of God, and admit to fellowship 
sacred ordinances, all such as we have grounds to believe Christ will at h 
admit to the kingdom of heaven, yet we are undoubtedly obliged to take ca 
that the faith once delivered to the saints be kept pure and uncorrupt amoi 
us, and so handed down to our posterity. And do therefore agree that all t 
ministers of this Synod, or that shall hereafter be admitted into this Syno 
shall declare their agreement in, and approbation of, the Confession of Fait 
with the Larger and Shorter Catechisms of the Assembly of Divines at Wei 
minster, as being in all the essential and necessary articles, good forms 
sound words and systems of Christian doctrine, and do also adopt the sa 
Confession and Catechisms as the confession of our faith. And we do al 
agree, that all the Presbyteries within our bounds shall always take care n 
to admit any candidate of the ministry into the exercise of the sacred functi< 
but what declares his agreement in opinion with all the essential and nece 
sary articles of said Confession, either by subscribing the said Confession 
Faith and Catechisms, or by a verbal declaration of their assent thereto, ; 
such minister or candidate shall think best. And in case any minister of th 
Synod, or any candidate for the ministry, shall have any scruple with respe 
to any article or articles of said Confession or Catechisms, he shall at tl 
time of his making said declaration declare his sentiments to the Presbytery 
Synod, who shall, notwithstanding, admit him to the exercise of the ministi 
within our bounds, and to ministerial communion, if the Synod or Presbyter 
shall judge his scruple or mistake to be only about articles not essential ar 
necessary in doctrine, worship, or government. But if the Synod or Presb; 
tery shall judge such ministers or candidates erroneous in essential and nece 
sary articles of faith, the Synod or Presbytery shall declare them uncapable 
communion with them. And the Synod do solemnly agree, that none of i 
will traduce or use any opprobrious terms of those that differ from us in the* 
extra-essential and not necessary points of doctrine, but treat them with tl 
same friendship, kindness, and brotherly love, as if they had not differe 
from us in such sentiments. 

Mr. Morgan sent a letter to the Synod giving his reasons for his absenc 
which were sustained. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. 

Jit three o'clock, P. M. post preces sederunt qui supra. 
Ordered, That the minutes of our last sederunt be read. 
All the ministers of this Synod now present, except one that declared hin 
self not prepared, viz. Masters Jedidiah Andrews, Thomas Craighead, Joh 
Thomson, James Anderson, John Pierson, Samuel Gelston, Joseph Houstoi 
Gilbert Tennent, Adam Boyd, Jonathan Dickinson, John Bradner, Alexai 
der Hutchinson, Thomas Evans, Hugh Stevenson, William Tennent, Hug 
Conn, George Gillespie, and John Willson, after proposing all the scruple 
that any of them had to make against any articles and expressions in th 
Confession of Faith and Larger and Shorter Catechisms of the Assembl 
of Divines at Westminster, have unanimously agreed in the solution of thos 
scruples, and in declaring the said Confession and Catechisms to be the cor 



SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 93 

fession of their faith, excepting only some clauses in the twentieth and twen- 
ty-third chapters, concerning which clauses the Synod do unanimously de- 
clare, that they do not receive those articles in any such sense as to suppose 
the civil magistrate hath a controlling power over Synods with respect to the 
exercise of their ministerial authority ; or power to persecute any for their 
religion, or in any sense contrary to the Protestant succession to the throne of 
Great Britain. 

The Synod observing that unanimity, peace, and unity, which appeared in 
all their consultations and determinations relating to the affair of the Confes- 
sion, did unanimously agree in giving thanks to God in solemn prayer and 
praises. 

A supplication from the congregation of New London, as also another sup- 
plication from the congregation of Upper Elk, being read and heard, the con- 
sideration of them was delayed till our next. 

Ordered, That Masters William Tennent, and Gilbert Tennent, Willson, 
and Elmer, be a committee to inspect into the business between Mr. Bradner 
and Samuel Nealy, which was transmitted from the committee to the Synod. 

Adjourned till nine o'clock, to-morrow morning. 

20th day at nine o'clock, A. M. post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of our last sederunt be read. 

The affair of New London and the congregation of Upper Elk was reas- 
sumed, and after a long debate and deliberate consideration upon it, the Synod 
agreed to abate half a mile of the distance from the meeting-house of Upper 
Elk, under which they were limited by a former act of the Synod for building 
of a new meeting-house. 

Application from the people of Wallakill being presented to the Synod by 
their commissioner, John McNeal, representing their request of supplies of 
preaching among them, they were recommended to the care of the Presbytery 
of Philadelphia. 

Adjourned till ten o'clock, Monday morning. 

22d day ', at ten o'clock, A. M. post preces, sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of our last sederunt be read. 

The committee appointed to inspect into the affair between Mr. Bradner 
and Samuel Nealy, brought in their determination upon it, which was appro- 
ven by the Synod, and is as follows. Whereas the reverend Synod appointed 
a committee to hear and offer an overture upon an affair in debate between 
Samuel Nealy and his wife on the one part, and John Carpenter, belonging 
to Mr. Bradner's charge, on the other part, issuing in the said Nealy and his 
wife, their exclusion from sealing ordinances ; it is humbly offered, that ac- 
cording to what appears to said committee, it is by them resolved, that the 
Rev. Mr. Bradner release said Nealy and his wife from the censure they are 
laid under, they returning cheerfully and fully to their duty, and that mutual 
amity and Christian affection be exercised towards each other by all parties 
concerned with relation to this affair. 

A motion being made to know the Synod's judgment about the directory, 
they gave their sense of that matter in the following words, viz: The Synod 
do unanimously acknowledge and declare, that they judge the directory for 
worship, discipline, and government of the church, commonly annexed to the 
Westminster Confession, to be agreeable in substance to the word of God, 
and founded thereupon, and therefore do earnestly recommend the same to all 
their members, to be by them observed as near as circumstances will allow, 
and Christian prudence direct. 

Overtured, That the Synod do bear their testimony against, and declare 



94 MINUTES OF THE 

their great dissatisfaction at the religious law-suits that are maintained amo 
professors of religion, so contrary to that peace and love which the gos 
requires, and the express direction of the Holy Ghost, 1 Cor. vi. 1, 2, 3, a 
consequently very much to the scandal of our holy profession. And th 
therefore, the Synod do recommend to all the ministers within our bounds, 
use their utmost endeavour to bring their several and respective congregatic 
into a joint agreement to avoid to their utmost all unnecessary law-suits : 
the future, and to refer such differences as cannot be easily accommodal 
between the parties themselves, to some prudent, religious, and indiffen 
friends, if it may be of our own profession, mutually chosen by the contei 
ing parties, or otherwise, as such society shall think best, to decide and det 
mine such differences. This overture was approved by the Synod nem\ 
contradicente. 

Mr. Gelston representing to the Synod, the desire of the congregation 
New London to have indifferent men chosen for a perambulation in order 
accommodate the situation of a meeting-house for them, which being put 
vote, was carried in the negative. Upon which there was a protest presenl 
against the proceeding of the Synod in this affair, signed by Robert Finn 
and James Muir. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. 

At three o'clock, P. M. Post preces, sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the Synod be read. 

Adjourned till the third Wednesday of September next, and then to mee 
full Synod at Philadelphia, at eleven o'clock, ante meridiem. Concluded w 
prayer. 

The Synod met according to appointment, 

September IGth, 1730. Ubi post preces sederunt. 

Ministers: Messrs. Jedidiah Andrews, Thomas Craighead, John Tho: 
son, James Anderson, John Pierson, Samuel Gelston, Joseph Houston, "W 
liam Tennent, David Evans, Gilbert Tennent, Adam Boyd, Alexander Hutc 
inson, Joseph Morgan, Daniel Elmer, Thomas Evans, Ebenezer Pembertc 
Ebenezer Goold. 

Elders: Messrs. John Budd, John Montgomery, James Turner, Roh 
Finney, William Miller, James Whitehead, Francis Alexander, Willie 
Bradford, Nathaniel Hazzard, Alexander White. 

Ministers absent: Messrs. Cross, Dickinson, Conn, Orme, Stevensc 
Stewart, Bradner, Webb, Pumry, Hook, and Willson. 

Mr. William Tennent chosen moderator, and Mr. Houston clerk. 

Mr. Anderson, the last moderator, opened the Synod with a sermon 
1 Tim. vi. 20. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last Synod be read. 

The reasons of Mr. Pemberton's absence last year sustained. 

Mr. Dickinson being absent there could be no account of his writing to Nc 
England in relation to Mr. Parris, his irregular withdrawing, according to t 
last year's appointment. 

Masters Andrews, Thomson, Pierson, Craighead, Anderson, and the w 
derator, appointed to be a committee for the fund, and for any other busine 
that the Synod shall recommend unto them. 

Masters Boyd and Hutchinson ordered to revise the Presbytery book 
Philadelphia. The Presbytery book of New Castle not being tilled up, w 
not brought. 

Inquiry being made who had brought collections for the fund, it was foui 



SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 95 

that Masters Gillespie, Pierson, Boyd, and Houston, had brought collections 
which are to be delivered to the committee for the fund. And it is agreed 
that the collections for the fund be continued yearly. 

Masters Andrews, Cross, Dickinson, Pierson, Craighead, and Gillespie, 
appointed to be the commissioners of the Synod for the year ensuing. 

Ordered, That the commissioners of the Synod report what they have done 
since the last Synod, after the minutes are read. 

A letter from Mrs. Catharine Wood to the Synod; the Synod refers the 
consideration of said letter to the committee of the Synod. 

The Presbytery of Philadelphia report, that what was ordered by the last 
Synod in relation to New York congregation and Mr. Anderson, is happily 
accommodated. 

Mr. Elmer desiring time last Synod to consider of the Synod's declaring to 
the Westminster Confession and Catechisms, <fcc. ; and Mr. Morgan and Mr. 
Pemberton being absent, do all now report that they have declared before the 
Presbytery, and desire that their names be inserted in our Synodical records. 

Ordered, That the committee meet to-morrow at eight o'clock, A. M. and 
the Synod at ten o'clock, ante merid. 

\lth day at ten o'clock, Jl. M. post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

Mr. Hook and Mr. Webb sent their letters of excuse for their absence, 
which were sustained. Mr. Cross' letter of excuse for this year's absence 
was not sustained. 

Ordered, That Mr. Andrews write to Mr. Bradner, that the plain intent and 
meaning of the last year's minute, with respect to him and Samuel Nealy and 
his wife, was, that there should be no censure upon Nealy, for things past, but 
that Nealy's returning to his duty, was, his returning to a Christian deport- 
ment to Mr. Bradner as a minister of the gospel, and accordingly Mr. Brad- 
ner was to treat him. And it is the judgment of the Synod, that he the said 
Nealy, be received to communion unless new matter of scandal appear against 
him. 

Upon the reading of our last year's minutes in relation to the situation of 
Mr. Gelston's meeting-house, that was represented to the Synod by several 
members of the New Castle Presbytery, that Mr. Gelston's people have not 
fulfilled the order of the Synod as to the moving of their meeting-house, having 
entered their protest against the Synod's proceedings in relation thereunto. 
The Synod, after much discourse upon this affair, at last came to this resolu- 
tion, viz: that certain persons be appointed to perambulate the bounds and 
confines of Mr. Houston's and Mr. Gelston's congregations, and to make a 
representation of what discoveries they can make, in order to bring the matter 
of difference between those congregations loan amicable accommodation; and 
if Mr. Gelston's congregation will cordially encourage and support said per- 
sons appointed so to perambulate, and also submit to the judgment of the 
Synod in pursuance of said perambulation, well; but if Mr. Gelston's congre- 
gation will either not encourage, support, and assist said perambulation, and 
do not agree and submit to the judgment of the Synod in pursuance of said 
perambulation, then ihe said congregation from thenceforth, shall not be es- 
teemed by this Synod as an orderly congregation, until they by testifying 
their repentance, give reasonable satisfaction to this Synod. And in this pe- 
rambulation respect is to be had also to Mr. Boyd's congregation. 

Mr. David Evans having withdrawn from the Synod three years ago, upon 
a protest put in by him and some other brethren, declared his hearty concern 
for his withdraw, and desired to be received in a member again. And he 
having proposed all the scruples he had to make about any articles of the 



96 MINUTES OF THE 

Confession and Catechisms, &c. to the satisfaction of the Synod, and declai 
his adopting the Westminster Confession of Faith and Catechisms, agreea 
to the last year's adopting act; he was unanimously received in as a meml 
again; and for his ease is joined to the Presbytery of Philadelphia. 
Adjourned till five of the clock, post meridiem. 

Jit jive of the clock, P. M. post preces sederunt qui supra, 

Ordered, That the minutes of our last sederunt be read. 

Mr. John Budd and Mr. Edward Shippen, of Philadelphia; John Par: 
jun'r. and James David, of Mr. David Evans's congregation; and Thon 
James and Joseph Thomas of Mr. Thomas Evans's congregation, are \ 
pointed by the Synod to perambulate the bounds of Mr. Gelston's congrej 
tion, according to the above minute ; and these gentlemen are to have prevk 
and timeous notice from Mr. Gelston's congregation ; which was agreed 
the Synod nemine cantradicente. 

Overtured, with respect to Mrs. Catharine Wood, that she may be admiti 
to communion for the present, till something further appear than has i 
appeared against her ; which overture was approved by the Synod nem\ 
contradicente. 

Whereas some persons have been dissatisfied at the manner of wording c 
last year's agreement about the Confession, &c. ; supposing some expressic 
not sufficiently obligatory upon intrants ; overtured, that the Synod do n< 
declare, that they understand these clauses that respect the admission of 
trants or candidates in such a sense as to oblige them to receive and adopt t 
Confession and Catechisms at their admission in the same manner and as fu 
as the members of the Synod did that were then present. Which overti 
was unanimously agreed to by the Synod. 

Thomas Caldwell's affair came under consideration, which was defen 
until to-morrow morning. 

Adjourned till ten o'clock to morrow, ante meridiem. 

ISth day at ten o'clock. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

The affair of Thomas Caldwell reassumed, wherein he complains of t 
records of the Presbytery of New Castle, for charging him as a contentic 
person; the Synod after long debate, and hearing all that Thomas Caldw 
had to advance, it was carried by a plurality of votes, that he, the said Thoir 
Caldwell, should acquiesce in the credentials the Presbytery of New Cas 
has given him. 

The Synod having received a letter from New Castle on behalf of Mr. Jo 
Wilson, soliciting that something might be done to remove some misundi 
standings between the congregation there and the Presbytery, respecting t 
conduct of that Presbytery with relation to him. This brought on a discoui 
about Mr. Wilson's behaviour and character, and the transactions of the Pri 
bytery of New Castle, pursuant to the account they had of him ; and t 
members of that Presbytery having acquainted the Synod by word and w 
ting of their carriage towards him, the Synod do judge that, as far as thin 
appear to us, they are not chargeable with any severity to him, but rather t 
contrary. 

A letter from Scotland referred to the committee of overtures, to bring in 
overture upon it. 

Adjourned to four o'clock, post meridiem. 

At four o'clock P. M. post preces sederunt qui supra. 
Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 
The commissioners of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotlan 



SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 97 

having sent over an extract of their act relating to securing the fabrick of the 
Presbyterian Church at New York, to the use of a Presbyterian church for 
ever; and having ordered Dr. Nicolls, to whom it was sent, to show the same 
to the Synod of their bounds, it was accordingly done; and the Synod found, 
by the testimony of two of the proprietors of that house, that it is secured 
according to the terms of their act. 

Dr. John Nicoll having wrote to the Synod, about a certain parcel of com- 
munion-table linen, which Mr. Anderson has now in possession, alleging that 
Mrs. Burnet, that was the first owner, gave said linen to him the said Ander- 
son, for the benefit of the church whereof he is or shall be minister; it is 
alleged to the contrary by Dr. Nicoll by letter. The Synod could not deter- 
mine any thing in said affair, but leave it to the clearest proof. 

Adjourned till to-morrow, seven o'clock, ante meridiem. 

19th day at seven o'clock, A. M. post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

A letter from the commissioners of the General Assembly of the church of 
Scotland to this Synod, relating to some money willed by the late Rev. Dr. 
Daniel Williams, for the propagating of Christian knowledge in foreign parts; 
the said letter was read, and much discourse passed relating thereunto ; the 
Synod came to this resolution, that Masters Andrews, Anderson, Thomson, 
andBudd, deliberate and write to the commissioners of the said General Assem- 
bly, as likewise to the brethren in New England; which writing is left to the 
prudence of the said committee. 

Agreed that the respective collections for the fund for the year ensuing, may 
be disposed of according to the discretion of the ministers and sessions of the 
several congregations, and that they give an account of what they do that 
way to the next Synod. 

It is agreed by the Synod, that Mr. John Peter Miller, a Dutch probationer, 
lately come over, be left to the care of the Presbytery of Philadelphia to settle 
him in the work of the ministry. 

A letter from Mr. Robert Gordon to Masters Andrews and Cross, relating 
to Mr. John Wilson, read and considered; the remains of that affair not 
yet considered, are left to the discretion, care, and prudence of the Presbytery 
of Philadelphia. 

A supplication from Crosswick being read and considered, it is ordered that 
Mr. Andrews write to said people at his discretion. 

A letter from the committee of a new erection at Boston, being read and 
considered, it was ordered that Mr. Craighead write an answer to said letter. 

The Presbytery book of Philadelphia brought in and approved. 

Adjourned till the third Wednesday of 7br. next, at eleven of the clock, 
ante merid. and then to meet at Philadelphia a full Synod. Concluded with 
prayer. 

At a Synod held at Philadelphia, 

September 15/7?, 1731. Post preces sederunt, 

Ministers: Messrs. Jedidiah Andrews, Thomas Craighead, John Thomson, 
John Pierson, Samuel Gelston, William Tennent, David Evans, George Gil- 
lespie, Gilbert Tennent, Adam Boyd, Joseph Morgan, Henry Hook, Ebene- 
zer Goold, Joseph Webb, Robert Cross, Alexander Hutchinson. 

Elders : Messrs. Thomas Craig, James Montgomery, John McClenaghan, 
William Emmitt, James Abraham, James Kerr, Francis King, Abraham 
Reevs, John Richy, Peter Bushell. 
9 



98 MINUTES OF THE 

Ministers absent: Messrs. James Anderson, Jonathan Dickinson, Hu; 
Coim, John Orme, Stevenson, Stewart, John Bradner, Pumry, Wales, Tr 
mas Evans, Pemberton, Elmer, Houston. 

Mr, Joseph Morgan was chosen moderator, and Mr. Andrews clerk. 

Mr. William Tennent, the moderator of the last Synod, opened the Syn 
with a sermon from 1 Pet. i. 21. 

Mr. Dickinson's reasons of his absence, sent by Mr. Webb, were sustaine 
Likewise Mr. Anderson's reasons of his absence per letter were sustaine 
Mr. Houston being not well, his absence was excused. 

The minutes of the last Synod ordered to be read. 

Masters Andrews, Thomson, Pierson, Craighead, Boyd, Cross, and t 
moderator, appointed to be a committee for the fund, and for any other bu 
ness that the Synod shall recommend unto them. 

Masters Thomson and Boyd, appointed to revise the Presbytery book 
Philadelphia. 

The Presbytery book of New Castle was not brought, the clerk bei 
absent. 

Inquiry being made who had got collections for the fund, it was found tl 
Mr. Andrews, Mr. Thomson, Mr. Gillespie, and Mr. Cross, had broug 
collections ; and that Mr. Pierson's and Mr. Webb's congregations had ma 
collections and disposed of them for the relief of indigent places, agreeable 
a vote of the last Synod. And it was earnestly recommended by the Syn 
to all their members, to use their diligence that the yearly collections for t 
fund may be duly minded, that said collections may not drop, as there seer 
danger that they may, in case better care be not taken than has been for soi 
years past. 

The committee for the fund appointed to meet at eight o'clock, to-morrc 
morning. 

Adjourned till ten o'clock, to-morrow morning. 

16 day at 10 o'clock, post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Mr. Pumry's excuse for his absence sent by letter, was sustained. 

Masters Andrews, Cross, Dickinson, Pierson, Craighead, and Gillesp 
appointed to be the commission of the Synod for the year ensuing. 

Mr. Cross's reasons of his absence last year being minuted as not si 
tained, the Synod declare themselves now fully satisfied with Mr. Cross 
that matter. 

Inquiry being made of Mr. Robert Cross, as to his opinion relating to t 
Synod's agreement with reference to the Westminster Confession of Fait 
&c. the said Mr. Cross did declare his hearty concurrence with what 1 
Synod had done in that affair, and that he did accept of and adopt the sa 
Confession of Faith and Catechisms, as the confession of his faith. 

A letter of complaint brought in by Samuel Nealy against Mr. John Bra 
ner, was deferred. 

The affair relating to Mr. Gelston's meeting-house coming again before tl 
Synod, the said affair was deferred. 

The Synod received a letter from Mr. William Grant, president of the socie 
for propagation of Christian knowledge in Scotland; and another from tl 
reverend associated ministers of Boston, in New England, (in answer to thei 
to them last Synod,) both of said letters bearing relation to the will of E 
Daniel Williams of London, deceased, the said letters were read and orden 
to be kept in reteniis. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, post meridiem. 



SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 99 

At 3 o'clock P. M. post preces sederunt qui supra* 

The minutes of the last sederunt ordered to be read. 

The affair depending between Mr. Bradner and Samuel Nealy further 
delayed. 

The Synod having considered the affair of Mr. Gelston's meeting-house, 
find that the perambulation appointed last year was not, in all respects, ob- 
served, as likewise that no damage, as appears to us, has hitherto accrued to 
Mr. Houston's congregation by reason of the said meeting-house standing 
where it is, to prevent which was the chief reason that moved the Synod to 
make the former act fixing the distance between the two meeting-houses, do 
now agree that Mr. Gelston's meeting-house shall stand where it is, without 
any further dispute about it. 

This above minute being put to vote, approve or not, it was carried in the 
affirmative by a great majority. 

An interloquitur of the Synod appointed to be to-morrow morning at eight 
o'clock. 

Adjourned till ten o'clock to-morrow morning. 

At ten o'clock, post preces sederunt qui supra. 

The interloquitur was attended according to appointment. 

The affair between Mr. Bradner and Samuel Nealy was reassumed, and 
after long^reasoning upon it, the Synod came to this conclusion : That not- 
withstanding a former minute of the Synod, whereby that affair was deter- 
mined as things then appeared, yet they have, for sundry good reasons, 
judged it expedient, that there be a hearing of that matter again upon the spot; 
and therefore appointed a committee of the Synod to go to Goshen with the 
full power of the Synod to hear and determine that business. The persons 
appointed for said committee are Mr. Andrews, Mr. Cross, Mr. Dickinson, 
Mr. Pierson, Mr. Webb, Mr. Pumry, and Mr. Pemberton, or any three of 
them, though it is expected they will all use their diligence to go. The time 
of meeting to be the third Wednesday of May next. 

Adjourned till the third Wednesday of September next, at two o'clock, 
P. M ., and then to meet at Philadelphia. 

At a Synod held at Philadelphia, 

September ZOth, 1732. Post preces sederunt, 

Ministers present : Messrs. Thomas Craighead, Jedidiah Andrews, John 
Thomson, John Pierson, William Tennent, George Gillespie, Joseph Mor- 
gan, James Anderson, Jonathan Dickinson, John Cross, Hugh Conn, John 
Orme, William Stewart, Eleazar Wales, Ebenezer Pemberton, Joseph Hous- 
ton, Richard Treat, Robert Cathcart, William Orr, William Bertram. 

Elders present: Messrs. William McMaughan, Hugh Scott, William Gray, 
Andrew Hamilton, John Neven, Robert Linton, Abednego Thomas, William 
Blair, James Donald. 

Ministers absent: Messrs. Samuel Gelston, David Evans, Gilbert Tennent, 
Adam Boyd, Henry Hook, Ebenezer Goold, Robert Cross, Alexander Hutch- 
inson, Hugh Stephenson, Samuel Pumry, John Bradner, Thomas Evans, 
Daniel Elmer, Joseph Webb, Nathaniel Hubbell. 

Mr. Stewart was chosen moderator, and Mr. Dickinson clerk. 

Mr. Morgan, the last moderator, opened the Synod with a sermon from 
Psal. cxxxviii. 2. 

The Rev, Mr. William Bertram desiring admission into this Synod, and 
producing most ample testimonials from the Presbytery of Bangor, in Ireland, 
of his ordination, ministerial qualifications, and regular Christian conversation, 



100 MINUTES OF THE 

after his declaring his full and free assent unto the Westminster Confes 
and Catechisms as the confession of his faith, the Synod unanimously 
cheerfully complied with his desire of admission as a member of this Sy 

The moderator and Mr. Orme not having opportunity before, eith 
Presbytery or Synod, did now declare their hearty assent unto the Co 
sion of Faith and Catechisms of Westminster, adopting them as the co: 
sion of their faith. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last Synod be read. 

The moderator, with Messrs. Orme, Houston, Pemberton, and W 
offered the reasons of their absence from the Synod last year, which 1 
sustained. 

Adjourned till nine o'clock to-morrow morning. 

21 day. At 9 o'clock, post preces sederunt qui supr 

Mr. Webb's reasons of his absence, by Mr, Dickinson, and Mr. D 
Evans's reasons for his absence, sent by letter, were sustained. 

Masters Andrews, Thomson, Pierson, Craighead, Anderson, and Dk 
son, appointed to be a committee for the fund, and for any other business 
the Synod shall recommend unto them. 

Mr. Houston and Mr. Conn appointed to revise the Presbytery boo 
Philadelphia. 

Mr. Andrews and Mr. Dickinson appointed to revise the Presbytery 1 
of New Castle. 

Inquiry being made who had collections for the fund, it was found that 
Gillespie had brought something. And it is further most earnestly rec 
mended by the Synod to take care that the yearly collections for the fun 
not forgotten, but that the respective congregations be earnestly pressed b> 
ministers to exercise their charity in this matter. 

The committee for the fund appointed to meet at two o'clock, post mer 

Masters Andrews, Cross, Dickinson, Pierson, Craighead, and Houston: 
pointed to be the commission of the Synod for the year ensuing. 

Inquiry being made of the committee appointed to go to Goshen in ] 
last, it was found that by reason of the great progress of the small-pox on 
road, and some other reasons, the appointment was not attended. It is tr 
fore now recommended to the Presbytery of Philadelphia to take care of 
affair, and pursue the most probable methods to heal the unhappy bread 
tween Mr. Bradner and Samuel Nealy, if that difference be not ahead) 
commodated. 

Adjourned till four o'clock, P. M. 

At four o'clock, P. M. post preces sederunt qui supr< 

Mr. John Cross having but this day been made a member of the Sy: 
and withdrawing to return home without acquainting the Synod there wit 
voted to be disorderly and irregular. 

It being overtured by the committee of overtures, that an erection of a : 
Presbytery in Lancaster county, should be appointed by the Synod, it 
voted by a great majority, that Masters Anderson, Thomson, Boyd, Orr, 
Bertram, be members of a Presbytery by the name of Dunagall Presbyter} 

The Synod for some reasons, thought fit to defer the revisal of the Pre* 
tery books until the next year. 

Voted by the Synod, nemine contradicente, that Mr. Orr preach to-mor 
night. 

Adjourned till the third Wednesday of September next, at two o'ek 
P. M. and then to meet at Philadelphia. 



SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 101 

At a Synod held at Philadelphia, 

September 19th, 1733. Post preces sederunt, 

Ministers : Messrs. Thomas Craighead, Jedidiah Andrews, John Thom- 
son, John Pierson, Joseph Morgan, James Anderson, Eleazer Wales, 
Joseph Houston, Richard Treat, Daniel Elmer, George Gillespie, William 
Tennent, Robert Cathcart, William Orr, William Bertram, Samuel Gelston, 
David Evans, Adam Boyd, Alexander Hutchinson, Hugh Stevenson, Thomas 
Evans, Benjamin Campbell, John Nutman, Gilbert Tennent. 

Elders present: Messrs. William Gray, John Caldwell, Thomas Mitchell, 
Robert McNight, James Abraham, Thomas Rees, James Young, Benjamin 
Jones, William Bateman, John Kirkpatrick, Robert Boyd, William Stinson, 
Alexander White, Abraham Kitchell, Robert Jameson, George Renocks, 
James Wallace. 

Ministers absent: Messrs. Jonathan Dickinson, John Cross, Hugh Conn, 
John Orme, William Stewart, Ebenezer Pemberton, Henry Hook, Ebenezer 
Goold, Robert Cross, Samuel Pumry, Joseph Webb, Nathaniel Hubbell. 

Mr. Stewart, the last year's moderator, being absent through indisposition, 
Mr. Thomson opened the Synod with a sermon from Jer. xvii. 9. 

The roll being called over it was found that the Rev. Mr. JohnBradner was 
dead since our last Synod. 

Mr. Joseph Houston was chosen moderator, and Mr. Thomas Evans clerk. 

Messrs. Stewart, Webb, and Hook, sent letters to excuse their absence, 
which were approven. And upon the representation made by Mr. Treat and 
others, of the reason of the absence of Mr. John Cross, he was excused for 
his absence this year. The reasons of the absence of Mr. Robert Cross, sent 
by letter, not being satisfactory, the consideration of his absence both last year 
and this, were deferred till our next. 

Ordered, That our last yearns minutes be read. 

Masters Boyd, Hutchinson, Stevenson, Gilbert Tennent, Gelston, Elmer, 
and Thomas Evans, gave the reasons of their absence last year, which were 
sustained. 

Masters Andrews, Thomson, Pierson, Craighead, Anderson, Boyd, and 
the moderator, appointed to be a committee for the fund, and any business that 
the Synod shall recommend unto them. 

Masters Gillespie and Hutchinson appointed to revise the Presbytery book 
of Philadelphia. 

The Presbytery books of New Castle and Dunagall being absent, Ordered, 
That they be brought at our next Synod. 

Ordered, That the committee meet at eight of the clock to-morrow morning. 

Adjourned till ten of the clock to-morrow morning. 

20/A day, at ten o'clock, ante meridiem, post preces, sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of our last sederunt be read. 

Inquiry being made who had brought collections for the fund, it was found 
that Masters Thomson, Anderson, Gillespie, Boyd, and Thomas Evans, had 
brought something. And it being found that most of our members had ne- 
glected in times past to bring collections,, it was ordered, that every member 
of the Synod do use their endeavours with their respective congregations, to 
bring collections yearly to the fund, and that in order to their greater success, 
every member who hath not yet had a copy of the Synod's letter relating to 
that affair, shall not fail to procure one, and improve it with their respective 
congregations and sessions, according to the design thereof. 

Ordered, That the commission of the Synod bring in an account of their 
management with respect to the fund, at our next sederunt. 

Masters Andrews, Anderson, Gillespie, Robert Cross, Dickinson, Pierson, 
9* 



102 MINUTES OF THE 

Craighead, and the moderator, be the commission of the Synod for the ye! 
ensuing. 

Inquiry being made of the difference between Mr. Bradner and Samu 
Nealy, it was reported that some time before Mr. Bradner's death the breac 
between them was made up ; the said Nealy submitting to the Synod's dete 
mination. 

The further consideration of Mr, John Cross his withdrawing from tl 
Synod last year, deferred to our next. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. 

At three o'clock, P. M. Post preces, sederunt qui supra. 

The commission of the Synod for last year brought in an account of the 
management with respect to the fund, which being read was approved. 

Upon a supplication of the people of Trenton, presented to the Synod 1 
the committee of the Synod, it was recommended by said committee, that t 
commission of the Synod do allow something out of the fund to Trenton, 
to them shall appear needful, when they are settled with a minister ; whi 
overture being read was approved by the Synod, nemine contradicente. 

The affair of Hanover coming under consideration, and many papers bei: 
read to give light to the Synod in that affair, it was agreed that the committ 
bring in an overture on said business at our next sederunt. 

Ordered, That the committee meet at eight of the clock to-morrow mornirj 

Adjourned till ten of the clock to-morrow morning, 

21 day, at ten o'clock, A, M. Post -preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of our last sederunt be read. 

The committee having spent much time in reasoning on the affair of Har 
ver committed to them, at length agreed upon an overture on it in the folio 
ing articles, viz. 

First, That the Synod look upon the practice of submitting of congre< 
tional affairs to the decision of a lot, though accompanied with sacred sole: 
nity, to be unwarrantable, inasmuch as lots are only warrantably used to ( 
cide matters that can't be otherwise determined in a rational way; particulai 
by applying to higher judicatories. 

Secondly, The Synod do think that in their present circumstances of pov 
ty and weakness, it might be very advisable for the people of West Hanov 
at least for some time, to join themselves with the congregations of E; 
Hanover, and Basking Ridge, as may be most convenient, until they, as w 
as the said neighbouring congregations, be more able to subsist of themseh 
separately. Yet in the mean time, as the case now stands "with that peop 
if re-union between East and West Hanover be found impracticable, acco] 
ing to our above advice, the Synod judge that the people of West Hai^ 
be left to their liberty to erect themselves into a separate congregation. Wit] 
we earnestly obtest and beseech, that nothing be done in that affair that m 
have a tendency to hurt the interest of religion in those places, so far as 
them lies. 

The above overture being read, was approven by a great majority of vot 

Adjourned till three of the clock, P. M. 

At three of the clock, P. M. Post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read, 

Mr. Andrews having made a motion to the committee of overtures, that 

assistant be allowed unto him in the work of the ministry in this city : and t 

committee after discoursing upon it, having recommended the eonsiderati 

thereof to the Synod, upon this proviso, that if the said motion be allowed 



SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 103 

approved, there be first a sufficient provision made for an honourable main- 
tenance of Mr. Andrews, during his continuance among this people ; the Synod 
entered upon the consideration of said motion, and after considerable discourse 
upon it, it was put to the vote, whether Mr. Andrews should be allowed to 
have an assistant, if first sufficient provision be made for his honourable main- 
tenance during his life among them, and it was carried in the affirmative, 
nemine contradicente. 

It is further Ordered, by the Synod, That the committee of overtures meet 
this evening, and consult about what may be necessary to prepare a way for 
putting the said motion into execution, as well as to prepare other business for 
the Synod. 

The committee ordered to meet at eight of the clock to-morrow morning. 

Adjourned till ten o'clock to-morrow morning. 

22 day. Jit ten o'clock, A. M. Post prcces, sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

The committee reported that the affair of Mr. Andrews's motion for an 
assistant is yet under consideration. 

Upon an overture to the Synod in pursuance of an order of the committee 
to that purpose, viz. to use some proper means to revive the declining power 
of godliness, the Synod do earnestly recommend it to all our ministers and 
members, to take particular care about ministerial visiting of families, and press 
family and secret worship, according to the Westminster Directory, and that 
they also recommend it to every Presbytery, at proper seasons to inquire con- 
cerning the diligence of each of their members in such particulars. 

This overture was approved, nemine contradicente. 

Ordered, That each Presbytery take a copy of said overture, together with 
this order, and insert the same in their Presbytery books. 

Upon an overture of the committee to the Synod, concerning a representa- 
tion of Mr. Hugh Stevenson, respecting harsh and injurious usage which he 
met with from some gentlemen in Virginia, the Synod ordered Mr. Stevenson 
to lay a representation thereof before them, which he accordingly did in wri- 
ting. And after hearing the same, and reasoning upon it, it was agreed that a 
letter be writ by the Synod, and sent to the General Assembly of the Church 
of Scotland, together with a copy of Mr. Stevenson's representation, in order 
to use our interest with that venerable Assembly for our being assisted with 
money from the societies for the propagation of religion, or elsewhere to ena- 
ble us to maintain some itinerant ministers in Virginia or elsewhere; as also to 
procure their assistance to obtain the favourable notice of the government in 
England, so as to lay a restraint upon some gentlemen in said neighbouring 
province, as may discourage them from hampering such itinerant ministers by 
illegal prosecutions ; and if it may be, to procure some assistance from his 
majesty for our encouragement by way oiregium donum. 

Ordered, That Masters Andrews, Anderson, Thomson, and Stevenson, 
write the above letter, and bring it into the Synod to be approved on Monday 
morning. 

Ordered, That the committee meet at eight of the clock on Monday morn- 
ing. 

Adjourned till ten o'clock on Monday morning. 

9,4th day, at ten of the clock, Ji. M. post preces sederunt qui supra. 
An overture being brought in from the committee of overtures about the 
ascertaining Mr. Andrews his maintenance, in case of an assistant, the Synod 
had long discourse about the whole affair, and also had conference with some 



104 MINUTES OF THE 

gentlemen members of this congregation, and at last agreed upon the follow 
ing conclusion. 

First, That the congregation be allowed to call an assistant to Mr. Ar 
drews. 

Secondly, That in order to secure Mr. Andrews's maintenance, those gei 
tlemen who have expressed a desire of an assistant, shall not diminish, bi 
rather strive, and as much as may be, increase their own subscriptions to hir 
on their part ; neither shall they endeavour to alienate any of the present sul 
scription of the congregation from Mr, Andrews. And inasmuch as the pr( 
sent subscription appears scanty, that all care shall be taken to get new sul 
scriptions to Mr. Andrews. 

Thirdly, That he shall also have all the monthly collections. 

This was agreed to, nemine contradicente. 

Adjourned till three of the clock, P. M. 

At three of the clock, P. M. Post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered that the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

An overture from the committee upon a motion of a member of the Presby 
tery of Philadelphia, that the said Presbytery be divided into two Presbyteries 
The Synod approved of the said motion, and it is agreed that Messrs. Jed: 
diah Andrews, Morgan, Evans, William Tennent, Treat, Elmer, Goold, an 
Wales, be members of the Presbytery of Philadelphia, and that the rest of th 
members now in said Presbytery be the Presbytery of East Jersey. 

Overtured, That something be allowed to the congregations of Basking 
ridge and Perth-Amboy, in pursuance of their applications for that purpose 
in order to assist them in defraying the charges of their meeting-houses. An 
also something to a student. All which was referred to the committee of th 
fund. 

Overtured, That something be allowed out of the fund to three ministers 
widows, which was also referred to the committee of the fund. 

Mr. Nutman representing to the Synod, the great difficulties he is falle 
under, as to his continuing pastor of the congregation of East-Hanover, b 
reason of the division and discord between them and the people of Wes 
Hanover; they viz: of West-Hanover being allowed by this Synod, to erec 
themselves into a separate congregation, (in case, as per minutes of the Synod, 
the Synod considering the same, do earnestly recommend it to the Presbyter 
of East-New- Jersey to travail with the people of West-Hanover and Easi 
Hanover, in order to prevail with them to agree upon conditions of reunior 
at least for a while, until they be better able to subsist apart. But if the Pres 
by tery 's endeavours to this purpose should not have effect, it is this Synod' 
judgment, that a dismission may be granted to Mr. Nutman from the peo 
pie of East-Hanover, by the said Presbytery, upon his application for th 
same. 

Masters Andrews, Thomson, Anderson, and Stevenson, brought in th 
letter to be sent to the General Assembly of Scotland, which was approved oi 

Ordered, That two copies of our letter from this Synod to the Genera 
Assembly of the church of Scotland, be sent as per minutes, and that Mr 
Andrews is appointed to write and send one, and Mr. Stevenson the other. 

Ordered, That a particular account of the state of the fund be prepared b; 
the commission of the Synod, in order to bring it in to our Synod next year 
to be inserted in our minutes. 

Adjourned till the third Wednesday of September next, at two of the clock 
P., M. Concluded with prayer. 



SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 105 

At a Synod held at Philadelphia, 

September 18, 1734. Ubi post preces sederunt, 

Ministers: Messrs. Thomas Craighead, Jedidiah Andrews, John Thomson, 
John Pierson, Joseph Morgan, James Anderson, Eleazer Wales, Joseph 
Houston, Richard Treat, Daniel Elmer, William Tennent, Robert Cathcart, 
William Orr, David Evans, Adam Boyd, Benjamin Campbell, Samuel Hemp- 
hill, John Nutman, Gilbert Tennent, Jonathan Dickinson, John Cross, Ebe- 
nezer Pemberton, Robert Cross, Samuel Pumry, Joseph Webb, Andrew 
Archbold, James Martin, Robert Jamison, George Gillespie, Henry Hook, 
Alexander Hutchinson, Ebenezer Goold. 

Elders: Messrs. William Gray, Andrew Hamilton, Alexander McNight, 
Robert Ingliss, James Smith, Charles Hufty, William Ramsey, William 
Blair, David Patterson, James Abraham, James Cochran, Benjamin Beech, 
Matthias Hatfield, Elias Bailies, Adam Renkin. 

Mr. Ebenezer Pemberton was chosen moderator, and Mr. Daniel Elmer 
clerk. 

Mr. Houston, last year's moderator, opened the Synod by a sermon from 
Matt. v. 16. 

Messrs. Andrews, Thomson, Pierson, Craighead, Anderson, Boyd, Gilles- 
pie, Dickinson, and Robert Cross, appointed a committee for the fund, and 
any other business the Synod shall recommend unto them. 

Adjourned till ten o'clock, to-morrow morning. 

The committee appointed to meet at eight of the clock. 

19 day, at ten o'clock, post preces, sederunt qui supra. 

The last year's minutes appointed to be read. 

Ministers absent: Masters Bertram, Hugh Stevenson, Thomas Evans, 
Hugh Conn, John Orme, William Stewart, Nathaniel Hubbell. 

Mr. Bertram sent reasons of his absence, which were sustained. Messrs. 
Pemberton, Dickinson, and Robert Cross, gave the reasons of their absence 
last year, which were sustained. 

Mr. Webb and Mr. Nutman, appointed to revise the Presbytery book of 
New Castle. Messrs. Orr and Campbell, to revise the Presbytery book of 
Philadelphia. Messrs. Houston and Pumry, to revise the Presbytery book 
of East Jersey. 

The order with respect to the bringing the Presbytery book of Dunagall, 
that was made last year, is renewed now. 

Inquiry being made who had brought collections from their respective con- 
gregations to the fund, it was found that Messrs. Andrews, Thomson, Pierson, 
Anderson, Houston, Treat, William Tennent, Cathcart, Orr, Evans, Boyd, 
Webb, and Hutchinson, had brought something. 

Masters Andrews, Anderson, Thomson, Gillespie, Robert Cross, Dickin- 
son, Pierson, Craighead, and the moderator, appointed to be the commission 
of the Synod for the year ensuing. 

Mr. John Cross having given the reasons of his withdrawing from the Synod 
without liberty, the year before last, acknowledged the disorder thereof, which 
acknowledgment was accepted by the Synod. 

Inquiry being made with respect to the overture made last Synod, in order 
to revive the decaying power of godliness ; and it being found that it has not 
yet been fully put into execution, the Synod do not only renew the said order, 
but earnestly obtest every of our brethren of the ministry, conscientiously and 
diligently to pursue the good designs thereof. 

Ordered, That the last year's minutes with relation to Mr. Nutman and the 
people of Hanover, be further considered, 



106 MINUTES OF THE 

Ordered, That the account of the state of the fund be brought in the ne: 
sederunt. 

Ordered, That the committee meet at three o'clock, P. M. 
Adjourned till four o'clock, P. M. 



At four o'clock, P. M. past preces, sederunt qui supra. 
Minutes of the last sederunt ordered to be read. 
The affair of Mr. Nutman and Hanover continued. 
The consideration of the state of the fund continued. 
Adjourned to ten o'clock, to-morrow morning. 



20 day, at ten o'clock, post preces, sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

The affair of Mr. Nutman further continued. The consideration of the sta 
of the fund further continued. 

There being a petition from the people of Smithbury, that they may be pi 
under the Presbytery of East Jersey, the Synod complied with the said pel 
tion, and appointed that they belong accordingly to the said Presbytery. 

The affair of Mr. Cross's transportation from Jamaica to Philadelph 
came under consideration, and accordingly the minutes of the commission i 
the Synod, and of the committee appointed by the commission relating to th 
affair being read, and the commissioners from Philadelphia and Jamaica beir 
heard at length, as to their reasons and arguments pro and con; as also M 
Cross having declared himself upon that affair, wherein he devolved himse 
wholly upon the determination of the Synod ; and several brethren havir 
proposed queries in reference to the several arguments pro and con, in ordi 
to greater light ; the Synod defer the further consideration of the whole affa 
until the next sederunt, 

Adjourned to three o'clock, P. M. 

At three o'clock, P. M. post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

The affair of Mr. Nutman continued. The affair of the fund also co] 
tinued. 

The affair of Mr. Cross's transportation from Jamaica to Philadelphia, can 
again under consideration. Upon which it was proposed by a member of tl 
Synod, that inasmuch as it is suggested that there are not a few of this co: 
gregation who desire not Mr. Cross's transportation to Philadelphia ; and th 
this congregation may not be cut out of the right that they have, according 
our Presbyterian constitution, to offer their objections; the Synod by a gre 
majority of votes agreed that this affair be deferred until to-morrow mornin 
and that public advertisement be given this evening to this congregation, th 
if there be any of this congregation, who have any thing to object against M 
Cross's being settled here at Philadelphia, they may appear and offer wh 
they have to say upon this affair, that the Synod may j udge thereof befo. 
they proceed to determine this momentous affair by vote. 

Adjourned till nine o'clock, to-morrow morning. 

21 day, at nine o'clock, post preces, sederunt qui supra. 

The minutes of the last sederunt ordered to be read. 

The affairs of Mr. Nutman and the fund yet continued. 

Some overtures brought in by Mr. Gilbert Tennent, deferred. 

The affair respecting Mr. Cross's transportation from Jamaica to Phil 
delphia reassumed. And the Synod being deeply sensible of the great ii: 
portance of the present debate, appointed that a solemn prayer to God f 



SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 107 

assistance and direction be made before we enter upon the consideration of it, 
and another prayer before we proceed to a vote, which were accordingly 
done ; and after the most critical examination of the affair, and the solemn 
imploring the divine assistance, the matter was put to vote, and carried against 
Mr. Cross's transportation. 

Adjourned till four o'clock, P. M. 

At four o' clock, post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

Mr. Nutman's affair still continued; and the affair of the fund continued; 
and the affair of Mr. Gilbert Tennent, respecting the overtures brought in by 
him, continued till monday, P. M. 

The Rev. Mr. Samuel Hemphill, being recommended by the Presbytery of 
Straban, in Ireland, to all their reverend brethren, where the providence of 
God shall call him, and he also bringing ample and satisfactory certificates 
from the same Presbytery, of his qualih' cations for and ordination to the sacred 
ministry, he is, upon his desire, admitted a member of this Synod, and re- 
commended to the regards and assistance of whichsoever of our Presbyteries 
his abode shall be fixed among. 

An appeal being brought in by Masters John Kirkpatrick and John Moor, 
from the Presbytery of Dunagall, the Synod appointed that Messrs. Jedidiah 
Andrews, William Tennent, Richard Treat, Alexander Hutchinson, George 
Gillespie, Thomas Evans, and Henry Hook, be a committee to meet at Not- 
tingham on the first Wednesday of November next, to hear the said appeal 
and to determine it by the authority of the Synod, they bringing an account 
of their transactions therein to the next Synod. And the Synod do also em- 
power the said committee to hear any matter de novo, that shall be brought 
before them by the said John Kirkpatrick and John Moor, with relation to the 
affair aforesaid, and authoritatively determine thereupon. Appointing also, 
that if either party do appeal from the determination of the said committee, 
they shall enter their appeal immediately, that it may be finally determined by 
the next Synod. 

Adjourned to Monday at ten o'clock, A. M. 

23 day, at ten o'clock, A. M. post preces sederunt, qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

The affair of the fund yet continued. 

Ordered, That Messrs. Anderson, Thomson, Dickinson, and Cross, draw 
up an overture upon Mr. Gilbert Tennent's overtures, to be presented to the 
Synod to-morrow morning. 

Ordered, That the Synod make a particular inquiry during the time of their 
meeting every year, whether such ministers as have been received as mem- 
bers since the foregoing meeting of the Synod, have adopted, or have been re- 
quired by the Synod, or by the respective Presbyteries, to adopt the West- 
minster Confession and Catechisms with the Directory, according to the acts 
of the Synod made some years since for that purpose, and that also the report 
made to the Synod in answer to said inquiry, be recorded in our minutes. 

Mr. Samuel Pumry, Mr. James Martin, Mr. Robert Jamison, and Mr. 
Samuel Hemphill, declared for, and adopted, the Westminster Confession, 
Catechisms, and Directory commonly annexed, the former as the confession 
of their faith, and the latter as the guide of their practice in matters of disci- 
pline, as far as may be agreeable to the rules of prudence, &c. as in the adopt- 
ing acts of this Synod is directed. 

Pursuant to act of Synod, found upon inquiry that Mr. William Tennent, 
junior, Mr. Andrew Archbold ordained, and Mr. Samuel Blair licenced, did 



108 MINUTES OF THE 

each and every of them declare their assent, and consent to the Westmins 
Confession and Catechisms, and Directory annexed, according to the intern 
the act of Synod in that case made and provided. 

Resolved, That the affair of Mr. Nutman, from time to time continued, 
first considered the next sederunt. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. 

At three o'clock, P. M. Post preces sederunt qui supra 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

The affair of the fund continued. 

Ordered, That Mr. Robert Cross, and the moderator, as soon as leis 
will permit, do write a letter to Col. Ogden, in return to his to the Syr 
bearing date September 16, 1734. 

The affair of Mr. Nutman and the people of Hanover resumed, and ai 
reading our last year's minutes, and Mr. Dickinson proposing a difficulty a 
cerning the obligation of the determination by the lot mentioned in s 
minutes, whether the obligation of the said determination yet remains bind] 
upon said people, the Synod after much discourse and reasoning about t 
matter, at length came to a judgment in the following propositions. 

1 . That the Synod look upon the obligation of a determination of a differei 
by a lot, to be sacred and binding upon the conscience, if the matter so det 
mined be lawful and practicable, and consequently to act contrary thereu] 
must be a very great sin. 

2. That as the foundation upon which a lot is cast may cease, and the pr 
ticableness of acting according to the determination thereof may, in time, ee; 
also, (though for a time it may continue practicable,) in such a case Ave juc 
that the obligation thereof doth cease also, because it can never be desigr 
that such an obligation should remain after the design thereof becomes eitl 
impossible, or hath been fully obtained. 

3. Our determination last year relating to the people of Hanover, did who 
go upon this supposition, that the affairs of that people and their circumstam 
were so far altered, upon representations then made to us, that we suppos 
the foundation of said lot, and of the people's acting upon it were ceasi 
which, whether it be certainly so or not, we do not peremptorily determii 
but leave parties to judge thereof as in conscience they can. 

4. That however, as in our minutes last Synod, we disapprove of the i 
of lots, without necessity, yet we are afraid, upon representation, that tin 
hath been much sin committed by many if not all that people,, in their profa 
disregard of said lot in time past, and therefore excite them to reflect up 
their past practices in reference thereunto, in order to their repentance. 

Adjourned till nine of the clock to-morrow morning. 

24 day. At nine o'clock, A. M. Post preces, sederunt qui supra 
Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 
The affair of the fund continued. 

Mr. Gilbert Tennent having brought some overtures into the Synod w: 
respect to the trials of candidates, both for the ministry and the Lord's St 
per, that there be due care taken in examining into the evidences of the gra 
of God in them, as well as of their other necessary qualifications, the Syn 
doth unanimously agree, that as it has been our principle and practice, and 
it is recommended in the Directory for worship and government, to be care] 
in this matter, so it awfully concerns us to be most serious and solemn in t 
trials of both sorts of candidates above mentioned. And this Synod does thei 
fore in the name and fear of God, exhort and obtest all our Presbyteries 
take special care not to admit into the sacred office, loose, careless, and irre 



SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA, 109 

gious persons, but that they particularly inquire into the conversations, con- 
duct, and behaviour of such as offer themselves to the ministry, and that they 
diligently examine all the candidates for the ministry in their experiences of 
a work of sanctifying - grace in their hearts, and that they admit none to the 
sacred trust that are not in the eye of charity serious Christians. And the 
Synod does also seriously and solemnly admonish all the ministers within our 
bounds to make it their awful, constant, and diligent care, to approve them- 
selves to God, to their own consciences, and to their hearers, serious, faithful 
stewards of the mysteries of God, and of holy and exemplary conversations. 
And the Synod does also exhort all the ministers within our bounds to use due 
care in examining those they admit to the Lord's Supper. 

This admonition was approved by the whole Synod. 

And the Synod does further recommend unanimously, to all our Presby- 
teries, to take effectual care that each of their ministers are faithful in the dis- 
charge of their awful trust. And in particular, that they frequently examine, 
with respect to each of their members, into their life and conversation, their 
diligence in their work, and their methods of discharging their ministerial call- 
ing. Particularly that each Presbytery do, at least once a year, examine into 
the manner of each minister's preaching, whether he insist in his ministry 
upon the great articles of Christianity, and in the course of his preaching re- 
commend a crucified Saviour to his hearers as the only foundation of hope, 
and the absolute necessity of the omnipotent influences of the Divine grace to 
enable them to accept of this Saviour; whether he do in the most solemn and 
affecting manner he can, endeavour to convince his hearers of their lost and 
miserable state whilst unconverted, and put them upon the diligent use of 
those means necessary in order to obtaining the sanctifying influences of the 
Spirit of God; whether he do, and how he doth, discharge his duty towards 
the young people and children of his congregation, in a way of catechising 
and familiar instruction ; whether he do, and in what manner he doth, visit 
his flock and instruct them from house to house. 

And the Synod hereby orders, that a copy of this minute be inserted into 
the books of each of our Presbyteries, and be read at every of their Presby- 
terial meetings, and a record of its being read minuted in said books at the be- 
ginning of every session, and that there be also an annual record in each Pres- 
bytery book of a correspondence with this minute. 

And in case any minister within our bounds shall be found defective in any 
of the abovementioned cases, he shall be subject to the censure of the Presby- 
tery, and if he refuse subjection to such censure, the Presbytery are hereby 
directed to represent his case to the next synod. And the Synod recommends 
to each of the ministers within our bounds to be as much in catechetical doc- 
trines as they in prudence may think proper. 

The Synod determines that no minister of our persuasion, in the govern- 
ment of Pennsylvania, and the lower counties, from this time forward, marry 
by any license from the governor, till the form of them be altered and brought 
to a nearer conformity to those of the neighbouring governments of New York 
and New Jersey ; and particularly till they are altered in such a manner as 
hath no peculiar respect to the ministers of the Church of England, nor oblige 
us to any of the forms and ceremonies peculiar to that church. And do fur- 
ther agree to refer it to the Presbyteries of New Castle and Donegall con- 
junctly to make what regulations they see cause for upon the affair of licenses 
with respect to their own members. 

Adjourned to three o'clock, P. M. 

At three o'clock, P. M. post preces sederunt qui supra. 
An account of the fund being brought in it appears that October the 22d, 
10 



HO MINUTES OF THE 

1733, the sum total amounted to five hundred and seven pounds, sixteen si 
lings and ten pence. 

A reference being made by the Presbytery of New Castle to the Syr 
concerning Mr. Gelston's suspension, upon the account of drunkenness ; 
some other crimes, the Synod finding Mr. Gelston to be absent, and see 
no reason to take off the suspension, do continue it till our next Synod. 

The Presbytery books of Philadelphia, New Castle, and East Jersey, w 
brought in and approved. 

Ordered, That each Presbytery have a copy of these minutes, and of 
the minutes of the Synod annually, for the time to come, and that the clerk 
satisfied for writing the said copies out of the fund. 

Ordered, That the commission of the Synod do take care of the fund. 

Adjourned to the third Wednesday of September next, at two o'clo 
P. M., and then to meet at Philadelphia. Concluded with prayer. 

At a Synod held at Philadelphia, 

September 17, 1735. Ubi post preces sederunt 

Ministers: Messrs. Thomas Craighead, Jedidiah Andrews, John The 
son, Joseph Morgan, James Anderson, Eleazer Wales, Joseph Houst 
Richard Treat, Daniel Elmer, Robert Cathcart, David Evans, Adam Bo; 
Jonathan Dickinson, John Cross, George Gillespie, Alexander Hutchins 
Ebenezer Pemberton, Robert Cross, Joseph Webb, Samuel Blair, Andr 
Archbold, Robert Jamison, Ebenezer Goold, Thomas Evans, Hugh Stev 
son, John Orme, Isaac Chalker, Hugh Carlisle, James Martin. 

Elders: Messrs. James Gait, William Gray, William AVhiteside, Andr 
Galbaith, John Latham, Nathaniel Britain, James Bravarb, Ephraim Log 
David Griffith, Samuel Jack, Asa Gildersheve, William McMachin, Sam 
James, John Smith, Joseph Steel, William Bratten. 

Ministers absent: Messrs. John Pierson, William Tennent, William C 
John Nutman, Gilbert Tennent, William Tennent, junior, Samuel Pum 
Simon Horton, Henry Hook, William Bertram, Hugh Conn, Nathar 
Hubbel. 

Mr. Robert Cross was chosen moderator, and Mr. Richard Treat clerk. 

Mr. Pemberton, the last year's moderator, opened the Synod by a sera 
on John xii. 26. 

Adjourned till nine o'clock to-morrow morning. 

ISth day, at nine of the clock, post preces sederunt qui supra, 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

Messrs. Pierson, Nutman, Conn, and Bertram, sent reasons of their 
sence, which were sustained. 

Ordered, That the last year's minutes be read. 

Upon calling over the roll it was found that Messrs. Stewart and Campt 
are dead since our last Synod. 

Messrs. Andrews, Thomson, Craighead, Anderson, Boyd, Gillespie, Dii 
inson, Pemberton, and the moderator, appointed to be a committee for 
fund, and any other business the Synod shall recommend to them. 

Messrs. Thomas Evans, Orme, and Stevenson, gave the reasons of th 
absence last year, which were sustained. 

Messrs. Pemberton and Dickinson appointed to revise the Presbytery bo 
of Philadelphia, and Messrs. Stevenson and Martin the Presbytery book 
Donegall. 

The Presbytery books of New Castle and East Jersey not being broui 
are ordered to be brought next Synod. 

Inquiry being made who had brought collections to the fund, it was fou 



SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. HI 

that Messrs. Andrews, Thomson, Anderson, David Evans, Boyd, Dickinson, 
Webb, Thomas Evans, Gillespie, and Pierson, had got some. 

Messrs. Andrews, Anderson, Thomson, Gillespie, Dickinson, Pemberton, 
Pierson, Craighead, Thomas Evans, and the moderator, appointed to be the 
commission of the Synod for the year ensuing. 

Whereas the commission of the Synod did meet some time in April last. 
Ordered, That an account of their proceedings be brought in after we have 
finished the reading of the last year's minutes.* 



6 The committee met at Nottingham, according to appointment of the last Synod, and 
happily accommodated their differences, whose conduct was approved by the Synod, and 
the account of the whole of this proceeding ordered to be recorded in the Synod book, 
30th minutes and articles of agreement, which was as followeth, viz. 

First, the minutes. 

At a meeting of the committee appointed by the last Synod to meet at Nottingham, on 
Wednesday, the 6th day of November, 1734, to settle some differences that had arisen 
there, ubi post prcces sederunt, Mr. George Gillespie, Mr. Alexander Hutchinson, Mr. 
Thomas Evans, Mr. Richard Treat, and Mr. Jedidiah Andrews. 

Two of the members that were appointed, namely, Mr. William Tennent, and Mr. 
Henry Hook, were absent. 

Mr. Andrews was chosen moderator, and Mr. Evans clerk. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the Synod relating to the affair now depending, should 
be read, which was accordingly done. 

John Kirkpatrick being called, produced several papers relating to the matter of dif- 
ference between him and Mr. Orr, which were read, as also the minutes of the Donegall 
Presbytery relating to the said affair, and the committee after just entering upon the 
affair, finding things too tedious to finish any thing this evening, defer the consideration 
of the whole till to-morrow morning. 

Adjourned till nine of the clock to-morrow morning. 

1th day, at nine o'clock, post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

The matter of difference between John Kirkpatrick and Mr. Orr being reassumed, and 
the stated members of Donegall Presbytery being interrogated about their present sen- 
timents, whether, upon a review, and more mature deliberation on said affair, they stood 
upon a vindication of the whole of their judgment, they did all of them candidly declare 
their mistake or error in two particulars. 1. In their not hearing and discussing John 
Kirkpatrick's supplication as they should have done, which they judge might hurt the 
whole affair. 2. In not giving him copies of some papers as he desired, which omissions 
they say, were much owing to the want of time, and the disturbance things were in 
among the people. 

The committee in an interloquitur, in order to shorten matters, agreed to advise both 
parties to try to moderate the differences among them, by choosing two indifferent per- 
sons on each side to labour in the affair, which was done, and the whole afternoon was 
spent in it. 

Adjourned to nine of the clock to-morrow morning. 

8th day % at nine o'clock, post preces sederunt qui supra. 
The committee inquired whether any thing was done by the persons that were chosen 
by each party, in order to an accommodation, and found that they had drawn up certain 
articles, which they thought reasonable for all parties to agree in, which, after much 
pains and diligence used by said persons, were consented unto publicly, by all parties, 
and were approved of by the committee, unto the great joy and satisfaction of all con- 
cerned. 

On occasion of a motion made by one of the members, the committee thought fit to 
declare, that though they utterly dislike a captious, querulous frame of spirit and car- 
riage in any person or people, with respect to ministers and their preaching, yet they 
hold that people have the privilege of a judgment of discretion upon what they hear in 
the public ministry; which privilege we judge notwithstanding should be prudently and 
soberly used, with regard to God's glory and the edification of his Church and people. 

And whereas, some things have been uttered by Mr. Orr in his public ministry, which 
have been thought by some, not so well guarded as they should have been, upon an im- 



112 MINUTES OF THE 

Inquiry being made, according to the order of last Synod, whether the 
admitted into any of our Presbyteries since last Synod have adopted the We 
minster Confession of Faith and Catechisms, &c. according to the adopti 
act of the Synod, it was reported, that Messrs. Isaac Chalker, Simon Hort< 
and Samuel Blair, ordained by the Presbytery of East Jersey, and Mr. Hu 
Carlisle, admitted into New Castle Presbytery, have done it in the seve 
Presbyteries according to the order aforesaid. And Messrs. Isaac Chall 



portant point of divinity, the committee does, in true brotherly Christian affection, 
commend it to Mr. Orr, to be watchful and careful how he express himself on such i 
mentous doctrines for the future, that all occasion of exception may be evaded. 

Whereas John Kirkpatrick, Hugh Kirkpatrick, John Moor, and John Smith, rep 
sented to the committee that they laboured under some difficulty with respect to an 
ligation wherein they stand bound to make good Mr. Orr's maintenance, from which, 
order to preserve the present peace among them, they desire to be released, the cc 
mittee recommended it to the congregation to get new bondsmen, and release the s 
persons from the said obligation. 

It being also represented by John Kirkpatrick and John Moor, that they are diffici 
ed about a bond they stand bound in, for building the meeting-house, which should hi 
been paid before now, and for which they are in fear of being troubled, the committee 
commend it to the members of the congregation to take care to pay off said bond as s< 
as possible may be. Concluded with prayer. 

Secondly, the articles of agreement. 

Nottingham, 9hr. 7th. 1734 

Whereas it is this day recommended by the Reverend Committee to the contend: 
parties, that they choose, each party, two persons to assist them to come to terms 
agreement, in order to put an end to the present tedious controversy in a way of mut 
concession and acknowledgment to each other, we, the persons chosen by the parties 
this purpose, having considered the proposals made by both parties to each other r hi 
agreed to make the following proposals to both parties, to be by them acquiesced in £ 
assented unto, otherwise the matter to be remitted to the cognisance of the commit! 
as if no such proposals had been made. 

Imprimis. That Mr. Orr acknowledge, that inasmuch as by reason of his natu 
temper, he is something liable to act with an appearance of too great an air of imp( 
ousness, so in some of his managements in the session, he might be faulty in that respt 
and is sorry if any thing of this kind hath given offence to John Kirkpatrick and adh 
ents, and resolves to guard against any thing of that nature for the future. 

2. That Mr. Orr and the session do acknowledge, that they acted with too much len 
towards William Edmeston, considering the circumstances of his sins, and resolve to 
with more exact severity for the future. 

3. That the congregation acknowledge, that the method they took to deal with Jc 
Kirkpatrick, &c. in subscribing such a paper containing such accusations against h 
of lies, which were not proven, and also the bitter satirical style in which it was wi 
ten, was faulty and unjustifiable, and that they are heartily sorry for their so doing, a 
resolve never to be guilty of the like again. 

4. That William McGill be restored to church privileges, without inquiring into 1 
justice or injustice of his past censure. 

5. That John Kirkpatrick, and all his adherents, be restored to their former gos 
privileges, so far as is agreeable to gospel rules. 

6. That the substance of all the acknowledgment made by the members of this Pr 
bytery be recorded in the Presbytery book. 

7. That John Kirkpatrick and his adherents acknowledge their rash and imprud* 
manner of discoursing of Mr. Orr's doctrine, representing it as false and erroneous, a 
likewise their abrupt and irregular breaking off from the session. 

8. That if these articles be acquiesced in by both parties, that they also resolve a 
promise, mutually to each other, industriously for the future to take care not to rep 
past matters of controversy, but bury all in oblivion, and endeavour by all proper mea 
to assist and cultivate true Christian charity and affection. 

Lastly. That if these articles are agreed to, the same shall be published before 1 
committee, and the several parties shall publicly declare their acquiescence in them; a 
after all, the contents hereof be recorded in the Presbytery book. 

Thus of the business of Nottingham. 



SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. H3 

md Hugh Carlisle not having seen the adopting act, have now had the same 
*ead to them, and do now concur in their assent to the terms of the adopt- 
ng act. 

Ordered, That each Presbytery have the whole adopting act inserted in 
heir Presbytery book. 

Messrs. Pemberton and Cross did write to Col. Ogden, according to order 
3f last year, and he not being yet satisfied, and the case being further opened 
dy Mr. Webb, the Synod order Mr. Dickinson and Mr. Pemberton to bring 
n a letter for the Synod's approbation to be sent to him. 

Adjourned till three of the clock, post mend. Concluded with prayer. 

At three of the clock, post merid. post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

The minutes of the last year not being yet finished, ordered to go on with 
the reading of them. 

There having been a complaint made by some members of the Presbytery 
of East Jersey, that the Presbytery are incapable to comply with the excellent 
design of the act of the last Synod, with respect to the trials of candidates for 
the ministry, and of the fidelity of their own members in the discharge of their 
ministerial trust, by reason that several of their members, and Mr. John Cross 
in particular, neglect to attend the stated meetings of Presbytery, and that Mr. 
John Cross has, without the concurrence of the Presbytery, removed from 
one congregation to another: The Synod do declare that the conduct of such 
ministers that do neglect attendance upon the meetings of the Presbytery 
without necessity, or that take the charge of any congregation without the 
Presbytery's concurrence, to be disorderly and justly worthy of Presbyterial 
censure, and do admonish said Mr. Cross, to be no further chargeable with 
such irregularities for the future. 

The Synod esteeming the act of last year with respect to the trial of can- 
didates for the ministry, and examining into the methods of our ministers' dis- 
charge of their awful trust, to be of greatest moment and importance, do, in 
the strongest manner, exhort each Presbytery to an exact compliance with the 
said act in all the parts of it. And do also exhort all the ministers within our 
bounds, to take due care in the examination of all candidates for baptism, or 
that offer to dedicate their children to God in that sacred ordinance, that they 
are persons of a regular life, and have suitable acquaintance with the princi- 
ples of the Christian religion; that that seal be not set to a blank, and 
that such be not admitted to visible church relation that are manifestly unfit 
for it. 

Adjourned till nine of the clock, to-morrow morning. 

19 day, at nine o'clock, A. M. post preces, sederunt qui supra. 

The minutes of the last sederunt ordered to be read. 

Upon reading last year's minutes relating to marriages by licenses, it is 
supposed there may be some exempt instances wherein the restraints of that 
act may be found too severe. The Synod therefore order, that each particu- 
lar Presbytery shall have full liberty to determine upon, and direct in such 
exempt cases as they shall think convenient; provided always, that no minis- 
ter within our bounds shall be allowed to marry by license any members of 
our established congregations, or others known to be of our communion, with- 
out certificates from the minister of such congregation; or in case of the 
absence of the minister, or of the congregation being without a minister, from 
some other substantial persons, that such marriage is regular, and that there is 
no just bar in the way of it. And the Synod do recommend it to all their 
members that shall be exempted by their Presbyteries and allowed to marry 
10* 



114 MINUTES OF THE 

by licenses, to use the greatest "caution that they do not countenance any cla 
destine marriages, and especially that they do not marry any that they ha 1 
reason to suspect to go contrary to the minds of their parents and guardians 
seeking it. 

Ordered, That the account of the fund be brought in before the conclusi( 
of this Synod. 

The affair of Mr. Gelston's suspension coming under consideration, ai 
there being not time enough to issue it at present, the further consideration 
it deferred till our next sederunt. 

Adjourned till three of the clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

At three o'clock, P. M. post preces, sederunt qui supra. 

The minutes of the last sederunt ordered to be read. 

The affair of Mr. Gelston reassumed; and the Synod having with all se 
ousness considered the affair of Mr. Gelston, who has for some time past bei 
under suspension by the Presbytery of New Castle, which was the last ye 
continued by the Synod; they observe to their great sorrow, that since r. 
suspension there are various and loud reports of his scandalous behaviour 
the High-Lands of New York, which we have too much reason to fear there 
some foundation for; we cannot, therefore, at present consent to the restorii 
him to the exercise of his ministry, but are obliged to continue his suspensio 
In the mean time we appoint that they that shall be ordered to attend upon t 
ordination of Mr. Tudor of Goshen, do inquire into the truth of these repoi 
that have been spread abroad with respect to Mr. Gelston's conduct in the 
parts, and to inform the Presbyteries of New Castle and Donegall conjunctl 
who shall have a discretionary power to restore Mr. Gelston if these repoi 
are found false, and Mr. Gelston give them good evidence of sincere repei 
ance; otherwise to continue his suspension till the next Synod; and that t 
persons appointed give Mr. Gelston suitable warning of the time of th( 
meeting at Goshen, that he may be present if he sees cause. Approved ? 
mine contradicente. 

Adjourned to nine of the clock, to-morrow morning. Concluded wi 
prayer. 

20//i day, at nine o'clock, A. M. post preces, sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered that the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

The reading of the minutes of the last year being finished, the Synod 1 
according to a foregoing order, enter upon the censideration of the proceedin 
of the commission last April, and order that the account of their proceedin 
be laid before them; which w r as done. 

The further consideration of the affair of the commission deferred till Mo 
day morning. And it is ordered, that Mr. Hemphill be notified to appe 
then before them if he sees cause, or has any thing to offer unto them. 

A supplication being brought into the Synod from the people of Goshe 
and also a letter from Mr. Tudor, a candidate of the ministry there, both si 
nifying that he is ready to adopt the Westminster Confession of Faith, &n 
and to submit to Presbyterian rules; and also desiring that the Synod woul 
as soon as possibly may be, send a commitiee to said place to attend the or< 
nation of Mr. Tudor there : The Synod do accordingly appoint Mr. Rob< 
Cross, Mr. Pumry, Mr. Webb, Mr. Nutman, Mr. John Cross, and IV] 
Chalker, to meet at Goshen the last Wednesday of the next month, Octobe 
to attend said ordination, and Mr. Robert Cross to preside in said arlair. Ai 
the Synod do further appoint for the trials of Mr. Tudor, that he make 
exegesis in latin upon that question, an lex naturae sit sufficiens ad salute?? 
and that he preach a popular sermon upon Rom. xi. 6. And the Synod 1 



SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. H5 

order that the congregation be publicly notified of the appointment, by reading 
this minute to them on the preceding Lord's day, that if any persons have 
any thing to object against said proceeding, they may be prepared to lay it 
before the committee. 

Ordered, That the committee of the Synod meet at three of the clock, P. M. 
Concluded with prayer. 

Adjourned to ten of the clock, Monday morning. 

22d day at ten o'clock, Ji. M. post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

Upon the calling over the roll, it being found that many of the Elders have 
gone home without leaving any reasons for their so doing; the Synod do 
order, that such elders as do withdraw from the Synod without leave, shall be 
left to the censure of their sessions, and report made thereof to the next Synod. 
And the Synod do recommend it to the several congregations to defray the 
necessary charges that their elders be at during their attendance upon the 
Synod. 

The affair of the commission reassumed. 

The Synod having notified Mr. Hemphill, that they intend this day to enter 
upon his affair, and he not appearing but sending a disrespectful and contemp- 
tuous letter in the following words : 

"To the Rev. members of the Synod: 

" By way of answer to the notification which I received Saturday last, I 
have only to observe, that the dispute between the Synod and me being made 
public in the world, which was first begun by the commission, what I have 
at present to offer to the Synod, is contained in an answer to the vindication 
of the reverend commission now in the press, and will be speedily published, 
and that I despise the Synod's claim of authority. Your humble servant, 

" Samuel Hemphill. 

" Monday morning. 

" P. S. I shall think you will do me a deal of honour, if you entirely ex- 
communicate me." 

The Synod, from the consideration of his contumacy in his errors, his dis- 
regard of the censure of the commission, and rejecting our communion, do 
declare him unqualified for any future exercise of his ministry within our 
bounds, and that this be intimated to all our congregations by such respective 
minister. Approved nemine contradicente. 

The brethren appointed to justify the commission against any complaints 
from Mr. Hemphill, if he should publish any such, having complied with the 
commission's order in that matter, are desired by the Synod to continue to 
answer any further publications of Mr. Hemphill's or his friends in that cause, 
if they shall think it necessary. And it is ordered, that the charge of it shall 
be defrayed out of the fund. 

Adjourned to three of the clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

At three o'clock, P. M. post preces sederunt qui supra. 

The minutes of the last sederunt ordered to be read. 

An overture being brought into the Synod from Mr. Hook, Mr. Stevenson, 
Mr. Jamison, and Mr. Martin, desiring" that they might be set off from New 
Castle Presbytery and erected into a Presbytery of themselves ; the Synod do 
agree that they become a Presbytery under the name of the Presbytery of 
Lewis-Town, and do order them to meet and constitute the 19th day of No- 
vember next, at Lewis-Town. 

Upon a motion made by a member, the Synod do agree that if any of our 



116 MINUTES OF THE 

members shall see cause to prepare any thing for the press upon any conti 
versy in religious matters, that before such member publish what he hath th 
prepared, he shall submit the same to be perused by persons to be appoint 
for that purpose, and that Messrs. Andrews, Dickinson, Robert Cross, Pei 
berton, and Pierson, be appointed for this purpose in the bounds of the Syn< 
to the northward of Philadelphia; and Messrs. Anderson, Thomas Evar 
Cathcart, Stevenson, and Thomson, in the bounds of the Synod southward 
Philadelphia. Any three of each committee to be a quorum. Approved. 

An overture from , humbly offered to the consideration of the revere] 

Synod. 

The present state of the church of Christ, in respect of the great and almc 
universal deluge of pernicious errors and damnable doctrines that so bold 
threaten to overthrow the Christian world, doth, we think, afford matter 
very deep and serious exercise unto all considering persons, who have ti 
interest of our Lord's kingdom at their heart; and were it not for the sure, fin 
and comfortable promises contained in the infallible records of truth, the pi 
sent appearance of things might be thought to presage a most fatal subversii 
of the kingdom of our Lord, by the success of the kingdom of darkness agair 
it, and so discourage and dispirit the hearts of the true friends and loyal su 
jects of our exalted Lord. But blessed be his name, he is still King in Zii 
and to the ends of the earih, and will not suffer this so grievous an evil to pi 
vail one handsbreadth farther nor one minute longer than the measure and tin 
appointed for it; for known unto God are all his works from the creation 
the world. 

However, it would seem that the present obvious state of things doth c; 
for something at our hands, more than in a time of prevailing truth and puri 
in the church. It should seem that when so many wolves in sheep's clothii 
are invading the flocks of Christ every where in the world, we who are ps 
tors by office and station should exert ourselves in an active and vigilant ma 
ner for the safety and preservation of our flocks committed to our care, fro 
the assaults of these devouring monsters that are numerous abroad in ti 
world. Surely the late bold assault that hath been made upon us, thouj 
blessed be God, without the desired and expected success, as yet, should p 
us to our arms and excite us with care and diligence to put ourselves in a pc 
ture of defence against all future attempts. 

To this purpose we would humbly propose the following overture as : 
expedient to prevent the evil of such attempts, viz: That seeing we are like 
to have the most of our supply of ministers to fill our vacancies from the nor 
of Ireland, and seeing it is too evident to be denied and called in question, th 
we are in great danger of being imposed upon by ministers and preachers fro 
thence, though sufficiently furnished Avith all formalities of Presbyterial ci 

dentials, as in the case of Mr. H 11; and seeing also what was done h 

year may be done this year and the year following, viz : we are still liable 
be imposed upon by such credentials ; upon these and the like consideration 
we humbly overture to this reverend Synod, to make an order to the followii 
purpose : 

1st. That no minister or probationer coming in among us from Europe, 1 
allowed to preach in vacant congregations until first his credentials andrecoi 
mendations be seen and approven by the Presbytery unto which such co 
gregation doth most properly belong, and until he preach with approbate 
before said Presbytery, and subscribe or adopt the Westminster Confession 
Faith and Catechisms, before said Presbytery, in manner and form as the 
have done; and that no minister employ such to preach in his pulpit until 1 
see his credentials and be satisfied, as far as may be, of his firm attachme 
to said Confession, &c, in opposition to the new upstart doctrines ai 



SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 117 

schemes, particularly such as we condemned in Mr. H IPs sermons. 

And lest some strangers might suffer by the rigorous observation of this order, 
let it be thus qualified, viz : That the moderator and two of the members of 
each Presbytery be appointed as a standing committee to act presbyterially in 
that affair as there may be occasion, and to be accountable to their respective 
Presbyteries. 

2dly. That no congregation be allowed to present a call to any such minis- 
ter or probationer coming in among us, though never so well certified, until 
he have preached at least one full half year within the bounds of this Synod. 

3dly. That no congregation be allowed to present a call to any minister or 
candidate whatsoever, unless some of the brethren, members of the Presby- 
tery unto which said congregation doth belong, have been present with said 
people to concur with them and moderate in said call, having been previously 
appointed thereunto by the Presbytery, and that no minister take upon him to 
moderate in such a case without such an appointment. 

4thly. That no student be received to enter upon trials, in order to his 
Licensing to preach, until he first repair unto the dwellings or lodgings of at 
least most of the ministers of the Presbytery to which he offers himself, and 
thereby give them an opportunity to take a view of his parts and behaviour. 

5thly. That the Synod would bear testimony against the late too common, 
and now altogether unnecessary practice of some Presbyteries in the north of 
Ireland, viz: their ordaining men to the ministry sine titulo, immediately 
before they come over hither, thereby depriving us of our just rights, viz : that 
we unto whom they are designed to be co-presbyters, and among whom they 
design to bestow their labours, should have just and fair inspecting into their 
qualifications ; we say that it seems necessary that the Synod bear testimony 
against such practice by writing home to the General Synod, thereby signify- 
ing our dissatisfaction with the same. And further, that in said letter or wri- 
ting to the General Synod of Ireland, that we earnestly desire, that when 
ministers or probationers are about to come from thence to us, they would, 
besides their Presbyterml credentials, procure also private letters of recom- 
mendation from some brethren there, who are well known to some of our 
brethren here, to be firmly attached to our good old principles and schemes, 

inasmuch as the instance of Mr. H 11, and some other considerations to 

the same purpose, make us afraid lest we may again be imposed upon by men 
of his stamp, though furnished with all the formalities of Presbyterial cre- 
dentials. The Synod do agree that no minister ordained in Ireland sine titulo, 
be for the future received to the exercise of his ministry among us, until he 
submit to such trials, as the Presbytery among whom he resides, shall think 
proper to order and appoint. And that the Synod do also advertise the Gene- 
ral Synod in Ireland, that their ordaining any such to the ministry sine tilulo, 
before their sending them hither for the future, will be very disagreeable and 
disobliging to us. And the Synod appoint Mr. Robert Cross, Mr. Thomson, 
and Mr. Houston, to send the above overture and appointment to the General 
Synod in Ireland, inclosed in a proper letter unto them. 

Adjourned to nine of the clock, to-morrow morning. Concluded with 
prayer. 

23d day at nine o'clock, A. M. post preces sederunt qui supra. 

The minutes of the last sederunt ordered to be read. 

A reference coming into the Synod from the Presbytery of East-Jersey, 
complaining of John McNeal's disingenuous conduct in relation to the settle- 
ment of Mr. Chalker in Bethlehem, and a supplication from said McNeal, 
containing several complaints against said Presbytery, in reference to their 
conduct in that affair, with several other papers from several parties concerned 



118 MINUTES OF THE 

therein, which were read, and all parties being heard what they had to offc 
they were removed. And the Synod entering upon the consideration of t] 
affair, do agree that Messrs. Thomson, Thomas Evans, Treat, aud Martin, < 
meet and prepare an overture upon the whole, and bring it in to the Synod 
soon as possible. 

Adjourned to three of the clock, P. M. 

• 
At three of the clock, P. M. post preces sederunt qui supra. 

The minutes of the last sederunt ordered to be read. 

The members appointed to bring in an overture upon the affair of Jo] 
McNeal above mentioned, did accordingly do it; and the Synod, after mu 
discourse, do agree in the following particulars. 

1st. That from what appears to us, the jealousies which John McNeal h 
conceived concerning Mr. Chalker, as being averse from conforming to fj 
order of the Synod in respect of our adopting the Westminster Confessio 
were altogether groundless. 

2dly. It appears more than probable, that these groundless jealousies t 
industriously spread and propagated among the people of Wallkill, have be 
a principal cause of all the difference which hath fallen out between them a: 
Mr. Chalker. 

3dly. That John McNeal hath acted a very disingenuous and sinful pa 
in seeming to concur with and approve of the motion of ordaining Mr. Chalk 
at New York, and then immediately after to practise upon the people of Wa 
kill at home, to discourage them from adhering to their formerly declar 
desires of having Mr. Chalker settled among them. The degree of censure 
be a rebuke from the Moderator. 

4thly. That as we can see no ground of charging the people of Bethlehe 
or Mr. Chalker with breaking of covenant with the people of Wallkill, so i 
are of the mind that what of that kind the people of Wallkill were guilty i 
which principally appears in their letter or remonstrance to the Presbytei 
was chiefly if not wholly owing to John McNeal' s industrious spreading 1 
jealousies as above, and possessing the people of Wallkill with them. 

5thly. That seeing Mr. Chalker did transport his family from Long-Isla 
to the High-Lands, being encouraged thereto by the people of Wallkill, 
well as Bethlehem, with a view of being fixed as pastor of both congregation 
therefore we judge that in justice, that people are obliged to contribute accoi 
ing to agreement, to the discharging the expenses of said transportation, t 
sides satisfaction for the supplies which he gave. And we earnestly exh< 
said people to comply with the design of this minute, that so they may ck 
their own way, for their being regularly provided with a minister as their c 
cumstances will afford, which we judge they are not qualified for, until the 
or as many of them as will be a competent congregation, fit to join in t 
calling of a minister, shall comply with this order; yet, in the mean time, i 
judge them capable of being supplied by preaching, and not to be exclud 
from sealing ordinances. We also earnestly exhort them to lay aside all tin 
jealousies and prejudices arising therefrom, and cordially accept of \ 
Chalker for their pastor, according to the first agreement, until such time 
they may be in a better condition to support a minister of their own. 

6thly. The Synod do also think the Presbytery was too hasty in their pi 
ceeding to Mr. Chalker's ordination in so short a time after the presentari 
of his call and trials, and cannot approve of its being performed at such a d 
tance from the people where he was to officiate. 

The abovementioned rebuke was given by the moderator, according 
order, and said McNeal professed submission to it. 

A supplication being brought in by the people of Gloucester, represent! 



SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 119 

their sad and deplorable circumstances, and desiring the Synod to provide them 
a minister and some supplies, the Synod recommended it to the consideration 
of the Presbytery of Philadelphia to look after that affair, and use their dili- 
gence to send for a minister for them as speedily as they can, and in the mean 
time to provide them all possible supplies. 

A supplication being brought into the Synod from one part of the Presby- 
terian congregation of Philadelphia, desiring Mr. Robert Cross to be granted 
them for their minister, with another paper to strengthen the supplication. 
And also another supplication from another part of said congregation, desiring 
Mr. Jonathan Dickinson to be their minister. The Synod not having time to 
issue that affair at the present, do defer the consideration of it till to-morrow 
morning. 

Adjourned to nine of the clock, to-morrow morning. Concluded with 
prayer. 

24//i day, at nine o'clock, post preces, sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

A supplication being brought into the Synod by John Boyd, by way of- an 
appeal from the Presbytery of Donegall, in a complaint against Samuel Jack; 
the Synod do commit it to Messrs. Andrews, Treat, David Evans, Gillespie, 
Houston, and Thomas Evans, to go to the Upper Octorara the last Tuesday 
of October, and consider and determine of the business, and that any three of 
these to be a quorum ; and it is recommended to the ministers to take elders 
with them if they can. 

The Presbytery book of Donegall was brought in and approved. 

The affair of Philadelphia reassumed, and after much discourse upon the 
affair, the further consideration of it deferred till next sederunt. 

The west part of Hanover having applied to the Synod for the ordination 
of Mr. Cleverly, the Synod do order it to be left to the Presbytery of Phila- 
delphia. 

The persons appointed to bring in a letter to be sent to the Synod of Ireland, 
brought in said letter and it was approved. 

Adjourned to three of the clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

At three o'clock, P. M. post preces sederunt qui supra. 

The minutes of the last sederunt ordered to be read. 

The letter to Col. Ogden to be brought in by Messrs. Pemberton and Dick- 
inson, was brought in and approved. 

An account of the fund was brought in according to a foregoing order, and 
the sum total found to be five hundred twenty-four pounds, eighteen shillings 
and five pence. 

The affair of Philadelphia reassumed, and a new supplication being brought 
into the Synod from that part of the congregation which desired Mr. Cross 
for their minister, desiring to be erected into a new congregation, capable to 
call a minister for themselves ; the motion being entirely new to the Synod, 
and the parties not being prepared to go on in that matter, they do defer the 
consideration of it till to-morrow morning. 

Adjourned till eight of the clock to-morrow morning. 

Concluded with prayer. 

25th day, at eight o'clock, post preces, sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

The affair of Philadelphia reassumed. John Frame produced the subscrip- 
tion of a considerable number of hands to the supplication put in yesterday, 
and all parties were heard what they had to say at length, in reference to the 



120 MINUTES OF THE 

whole affair, and they being removed, the Synod spent considerable time 
debate upon the affair, and at last agreed that it should be put to the vo 
A new erection or not; and it was carried in the affirmative by a great ma 
rity. Mr. John Smith, of Bethlehem, in the High-Lands of New York, ( 
sired that his dissent might be entered in our minutes. 

The Presbytery book of Philadelphia was brought in and approved. 

Adjourned till two o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

At two of the clock, P. M. Post preces, sederunt qui supra. 

The minutes of the last sederunt ordered to be read. 

A motion being made by some members of the congregation of Philad 
phia, showing their great dissatisfaction at the judgment of the Synod in ere 
ing them into two separate congregations, and desiring they would review t 
affair, the Synod having reasoned much upon the matter at last came to agi 
that the judgment should be reviewed; and, accordingly, the Synod, in ore 
to their obtaining of more light, took occasion to discourse with several pi 
sons of both parts of the congregation, and then all parties being removed, 
was put to the vote, whether we should reverse the judgment whereby ^ 
erected a part of this congregation into a distinct society, and it was carried 
the negative. Messrs. Dickinson, Pemberton, Webb, Elmer, Chalker, a 
Wales, desired their dissent to be entered- in our minutes; and then, after soi 
discourse, the Synod do agree, that the above judgment is not to be und< 
stood as designed to oblige said people to erect themselves now into a distil 
society, but only that the Synod allow them so to do. And if said peoi 
shall see cause to continue united with the other part of the congregation 
heretofore, they are also at their liberty. The synod do also agree, thai 
said new erected congregation shall think fit to put the above granted libei 
of being erected, into practice, then they are to notify the moderator of t 
commission, who upon such notification is hereby ordered to call the coi 
mission together as soon as conveniently may be, to order supplies for ss 
new erection, and to give them directions as they shall judge meet for th< 
being provided with a minister. 

Adjourned to the third Wednesday of next September. 

Concluded with prayer. 

At a meeting of the Synod, 

Ibr. 15, 1736. Ubi post preces sederunt, 

Ministers: Messrs. Thomas Craighead, Jedidiah Andrews, John Tho] 
son, James Anderson, Richard Treat, Joseph Houston, Robert Cathca 
Adam Boyd, Robert Cross, Robert Jamison, Ebenezer Goold, Hugh Steve 
son, Hugh Carlisle, James Martin, William Bertram, Alexander Craighea 
John Paul, William TeHhent, William Tennent, junior, David Evans. 

Elders: Messrs. William Gray, Andrew Hamilton, James Cook, Charl 
Hufty, Robert McCleland, William Mitchell, John Allen, James Galbreat 
William Sharron, Richard Walker, John Henderson, Daniel AVescott. 

Ministers absent: Messrs. Gillespie, Pumry, Dickinson, Pierson, Web 
Pemberton, Hubbell, Horton, John Cross, Chalker, Gilbert Tennent, Bla 
Wales, Morgan, Thomas Evans, Hook, Hutchinson, Conn, Orme, Glasco^ 
Nutman. 

Mr. Adam Boyd chosen moderator, and Mr. John Thomson clerk. 

Mr. Robert Cross, last year's moderator, opened the Synod with a serm< 
on 1 Cor. iii. 11. 

Adjourned till to-morrow morning, at eight of the clock. 



SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 121 

16 day, at eight of the clock. Post preces sederunt qui supra. 

The minutes of the last sederunt ordered to he read. 

It being reported by the Presbytery of Donegall, that Mr. Orr having ob- 
tained a dismission from his congregation, did soon after disorderly desert the 
bounds of that Presbytery as a fugitive of discipline, it is ordered, that his 
name be rased out of the catalogue. 

No reasons appeared for Mr. Gilbert Tennent's last year's absence. 

Mr. Hook sent a letter of excuse for his absence, which was not sustained. 

The members of that Presbytery are ordered to intimate to Mr. Hook that 
if, for the future, he shall absent himself in like manner, unless his reasons be 
more weighty, he will be noticed with more severity. 

No reasons appeared for Mr. Hubbell's absence last year, nor for Mr. Gil- 
bert Tennent's, and Pumry's. 

Reasons for Mr. Pierson's, Mr. Gilbert Tennent's, Blair's, Morgan's, 
Thomas Evan's, absence now, were sustained. 

Ordered, That the last year's minutes be read. 

Messrs. Anderson, Thomson, Andrews, Jamison, Houston, Robert Cross, 
and the moderator, be a committee for the fund, and any other business the 
Synod shall recommend to them. 

The Presbyterial books of the Presbyteries of New Castle, Donegall, 
Lewis, and East Jersey, were not brought. 9 

Mr. Cathcart, and Mr. Tennent, junior, ordered to revise the Presbytery 
book of Philadelphia. 

Messrs. Thomson, Anderson, Houston, Cathcart, Martin, Alexander Craig- 
head, William Tennent, senior, and junior, report that they have brought 
something for the fund. 

The Synod taking notice that whatever members of the Synod bring to the 
fund those years wherein they attend the Synod, there is no care taken by any 
of them to procure and send any contributions thereunto those years in which 
they are absent; and in order to make up this defect, the Synod orders that 
every Presbytery within our bounds, oblige their respective members to be 
provided with their respective contributions in due season, before the meeting 
of the Synod yearly, in order that if any of their members should be neces- 
sarily absent from the Synod, their contributions may, notwithstanding, be 
sent to the Synod. 

Messrs. Andrews, Anderson, Thomson, Gillespie, Dickinson, Pemberton, 
Pierson, Thomas Evans, Robert Cross, Martin, and the moderator, are ap- 
pointed to be the commission of the Synod for the year ensuing. 

The Presbytery of Donegall report that Mr. Alexander Craighead was last 
winter ordained to the work of the ministry, and at that time did adopt the 
Westminster Confession of Faith, &c. ; and also, both he and Mr. John Paul, 
lately from Ireland, having now heard the several resolutions and acts of the 
Synod in relation to the adopting said Confession, &c. did, before the Synod, 
declare their agreement thereunto. Also Mr. John Madowell, a probationer 
from Ireland, producing his credentials from the Presbytery of Temple Pat- 
rick, and session of Dunagor, together with various letters of recommendation 
from several brethren of note in the north of Ireland, all which were sustained 
and approven, and accordingly he was received by the Synod as a proba- 
tioner, and recommended to the kind entertainment and encouragement of any 
Presbytery within our bounds to which he may be disposed to offer himself. 

Ordered, That an account of the fund be brought in before the end of the 
session. 

The members who were appointed last year by the Synod to inquire into 
the scandalous reports of Mr. Gelston's misbehaviour in the High-Lands of 
New York, did as appointed, and sent an account of what discovery they 
11 



122 MINUTES OF THE 

could make of those matters to the Presbyteries of Donegall and New Cast 
who some time after met, and did take off the suspension from Mr. Gelst 
and restore him again to the exercise of his ministry. Mr. Cross also, toj 
ther with the members of the committee appointed to take Mr. Tudor's tria 
viz. Messrs. Pumry and Chalker, &c. did meet according to appointme 
but did not ordain said Mr. Tudor, because of his insufficiency. Mr. Wei 
Mr. Nutman, Mr. James Cross, being appointed members of said commit 
did not attend. 

The Presbytery of Lewis did erect themselves according to order of Syn 
last year. 

It is reported by the Presbytery of Lewis that Mr. Patrick Glasen, af 
passing through ordinary trials, and adopting the Westminster Confessk 
&c. was licensed to preach the gospel, and in pursuance of a call from the p< 
pie and congregation of Monokin, in Somerset, in Maryland, and after t 
usual steps and trials in such cases, and a reported declaration of his adopti 
the Westminster Confession, &c. he was ordained a minister of the gosj 
and pastor of said people of Monokin. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

At three of the clock, P. M. Post preces, sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

The account of the fund not yet brought in. 

It is reported by the members of New Castle Presbytery that Mr. Andre 
Archbold being under a fama clamosa of uncleanness with a certain you 
woman of his own congregation, and the Presbytery meeting, pro re riata, i 
that occasion, and not having light to come to a judgment at first, appoint 
therefore another meeting the week following, to inquire further into the tro 
of said report, but Mr. Archbold not appearing to justify himself, and a der. 
sition of another young woman in the neighbourhood signifying that she w 
with child by him, with many other presumptions of guilt; upon this t 
Presbytery laid him under suspension until he should appear and justify hi] 
self, since which time he hath wholly absconded. 

Ordered, That the rest of our last year's minutes be read. 

The committee appointed to meet at Upper Octorara to inquire into t 
merits of an appeal of John Boyd, of said Octorara, from the judgment of tJ 
Presbytery of Donegall, did meet according to appointment, and produced t 
minutes of their proceedings in that affair, which were read and approve 
and ordered to be kept in retentis. 

The proceedings of the commission of the Synod, which met here in Jui 
last to act in the affair of the new erected congregation in this city, are orde 
ed to be inserted into our minutes, and are as followeth.* 



* At a commission of the Synod held at Philadelphia, 

On the illh day of June, 1736. Post preces sederunt, 

Messrs. Robert Cross moderator, John Thomson, James Anderson, and Thomas Evar 
members present. Thomas Evans chosen clerk. 

Messrs. Jedidiah Andrews, Thomas Craighead, George Gillespie, Jonathan Dickinso 
Ebenezer Pemberton, and John P;erson, absent. 

A letter of excuse being come to hand from Messrs. Dickinson, Pierson, and Pembe 
ton, for their absence, was read, and the reasons of their absence sustained. 

The commission now meeting, at the instance of the people allowed to form themselv 
into a new erection, it was ordered, that the minutes of our Synod relating to said ere 
tion, be read, which was done 

A supplication from the said erection, or separate society, in Philadelphia, being pr 
sented to the commission, wherein representing the unsuccessfulness of the endeavou 
they had hitherto used in order to a re-union with the other part of the congregatio 



SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 123 

The appointments of the Synod in reference to supplying the new erection, 
were fulfilled. 

A supplication from the people of the new erection in this city desiring us 
to appoint one of our members to moderate in their drawing up a call to 



ihey requested for supplies. The commission judging that a re-union of said separate 
society with the rest of the congregation, if it could be possibly obtained on satisfactory 
terms to both parties, is much more desirable, as things now appear, thought it expedient 
to defer the consideration of said request for supplies, until some proper measures be 
taken to make a trial towards the desired re-union. Accordingly, upon our signification 
of this our mind to the party present, and our pressing them to do their part towards said 
'e-union, they condescended so far as to declare a willingness to have a conference with 
;he other part of the congregation on that head. Upon which it was agreed, in order to 
obtain said conference, that Messrs. Cross and Evans should acquaint Mr. Andrews, and 
some of the principal members of the other part of the congregation, with our desire of 
the eame, and that every member of the commission should use their endeavours as op- 
portunity offers towards effecting said union. 

Adjourned till ten of the clock to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 

18th day, at ten of the clock, A. M. Post preces, sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

Mr. Craighead being now present gave the reasons of his absence yesterday, which 
were sustained. 

Upon reading yesterday's order of acquainting Mr. Andrews, and some others of his 
now congregation, with our desire of using endeavours in order to make trial for the 
aforesaid re-union, the moderator reported that he and Mr. Evans had been with Andrews 
as appointed, and that Mr. Andrews heartily approved of the design, and accordingly 
fell in with it so far as to offer to propose the same to the members of his committee, 
which he did, and they, upon Mr. Andrews's motion, met, and after some conference 
among themselves about the matter, the result they came to was sent in writing to Mr. 
Andrews, in order to acquaint us with the contents thereof, the copy whereof is as fol- 
loweth, viz. 

Philadelphia, June 18th, 1736. 
The committee thinks it very strange that the commission of the Synod, who were 
called here without the knowledge of the committee, should send any messages to the 
committee concerning the uniting the two little congregations of Presbyterians in this 
city, (though a thing much to be desired by all good men,) because the committee have 
lately been informed that the sole business of the commission now was to appoint minis- 
ters to preach to the congregation which the Synod most deliberately gave leave to sepa- 
rate and make a new erection. And the committee are also informed that the said con- 
gregation have provided a place which they are at this time fitting up for their purpose, 
and it is still more strange, considering the major part of the commission were the most 
active in contriving and bringing about the separation, notwithstanding some members 
of the committee pleaded so much against it, and showed such a dislike to their proceed- 
ings. And the committee are of the opinion, that they should not interfere with an affair 
belonging to another congregation. 

A copy of the result of the committee sent by John Snowden, William Gray, William 
Spafford, George Sharswood, Thomas Powell, Edward Shippen. 

The commission having read and considered the above result, do judge the import 
thereof to be, that the committee does look upon those persons who were allowed by the 
last Synod to erect themselves into a separate society, to be a distinct congregation from 
them, and therefore decline to have any conference with them in order to re-union. 

The commission having deliberately considered the circumstances of the whole affair, 
do conclude that, (at least at present,) there is no probability of a re-union between the 
old congregation of this city and the new erection, and therefore do conclude that our 
way is now clear to order supplies to the said new erection, in compliance not only with 
the direction of the Synod in September last to that purpose, but also the earnest and re- 
peated desires of said people, they having been industrious to prepare a house for the 
public worship of God among them. 

Adjourned till four of the clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

At four o'clock, P. M. Post preces, sederunt qui supra. 
A supplication from the abovesaid new erection, requesting that they might be supplied 



124 MINQTES OF THE 

a minister, was read, the consideration of which deferred till to-morrc 
morning. 

A paper from Mr. Henry Hunter, representing grievances in his prese 
condition, and desiring the Synod's advice and assistance in reference the: 
unto, was produced and read, the consideration hereof deferred till to-morro 

A supplication from the people of Paxton and Derry to the Synod, is ] 
ferred to the committee of the fund, &c. which is to meet at eight o'cloc 
to-morrow morning* 

Adjourned till ten of the clock, to-morrow morning. Concluded wi 
prayer. 



XI th day, at ten o'clock, post preces, sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That yesterday*s minutes be read. 

The account of the fund is not yet brought in. 

The supplication from the new erection in this city came under conside: 
tion, and after some reasoning about the matter, it being put to the vote wr 
ther their request should be granted, it was carried in the affirmative bj 
great majority, and Mr. Thomson was appointed to moderate and assist tl 
people in drawing up a call to any minister about whom they shall agree. 

Mr. Hunter's affair came under consideration, and his paper was reac 
second time. Ordered, That the minutes of the Presbytery of Lewis 
also read, which was done. Both Mr. Hunter and the members of the Pr< 
bytery of Lewis, offered a great deal in order to clearing the matter. Afl 
some debates it was moved, that all but members should remove, and then t 
Synod entered upon a serious debate about the whole affair. Mr. Hum 
being called in and being interrogated, produced his credentials, which we 
known by some persons present to be genuine. It is recommended to IV 
Andrews, Mr. Anderson, Mr. Elmer, and Mr. Thomson, to endeavour 
draw up an overture upon the whole affair, to be brought in against the aft< 
noon. 

Adjourned till three of the clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

Jit three o'clock, P. M. post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. The account 
the fund not yet brought in. 

The members appointed to draw up an overture on Mr. Hunter's affa: 
report that they have not done any thing in that affair, on account that th< 
did not agree in their judgments. The further consideration of that affi 
deferred till afterwards. 



until next Synod by the Rev. Messrs. Robert Cross, James Anderson, and Francis A 
son, or any others whom the commission should think proper. It was ordered, th 
Messrs. Anderson and Cross supply them next Sabbath, and Mr. Cross the next Sabba 
following, Mr. Alison the four Sabbaths in July, Mr. Paul the three first Sabbaths 
August, Mr. Black the two last Sabbaths of August, and the first Sabbath of Septembt 
Mr. Cross the second Sabbath of September. 

Ordered, That the moderator write a letter to Messrs. Alison, Paul, and Black, to a 
quaint them with these appointments. 

The people of the new erection being called in, and the above orders being read 
their hearing, they cheerfully and thankfully acquiesced in the same, and being exhorti 
by the moderator to behave themselves Christianly, modestly, and humbly, under the pr 
sent encouraging turn of Divine Providence so much in their favour, they were dismis 
ed, and the present meeting of the commission concluded with prayer. 



SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 125 

An overture of the committee upon the supplication of the people of Paxton 
and Derry, was brought in and is as followeth. That the Synod do declare, 
that inasmuch as we understand that many persons of our persuasion, both 
more lately and formerly, have been offended with some expressions or dis- 
tinctions in the first or preliminary act of our Synod, contained in the printed 
paper, relating to our receiving or adopting the Westminster Confession and 
Catechisms, &c: That in order to remove said offence, and all jealousies 
that have arisen or may arise in any of our people's minds, on occasion of 
said distinctions and expressions, the Synod doth declare, that the Synod have 
idopted and still do adhere to the Westminster Confession, Catechisms, and 
Directory, without the least variation or alteration, and without any regard to 
said distinctions. And we do further declare, that this was our meaning and 
true intent in our first adopting of said Confession, as may particularly appear 
by our adopting act which is as followeth : All the ministers of the Synod 
now present, (which were eighteen in number, except one that declared him- 
self not prepared,) after proposing all the scruples any of them had to make 
against any articles and expressions in the Confession of Faith, and Larger 
and Shorter Catechisms of the Assembly of Divines at Westminster, have 
unanimously agreed in the solution of these scruples, and in declaring the said 
Confession and Catechisms to be the confession of their faith, except only 
some clauses in the twentieth and twenty-third chapters, concerning which 
clauses the Synod do unanimously declare, that they do not receive these 
articles in any such sense as to suppose the civil magistrate hath a controlling 
power over Synods with respect to the exercise of their ministerial authority, 
or power to persecute any for their religion, or in any sense contrary to the 
Protestant succession to the throne of Great Britain. 

And we hope and desire, that this our Synodical declaration and explication 
may satisfy all our people, as to our firm attachment to our good old received 
doctrines contained in said confession, without the least variation or alteration, 
and that they will lay aside their jealousies that have been entertained through 
occasion of the above hinted expressions and declarations as groundless. This 
overture approved nemine contradicente. 

An appeal of some of Mr. Tennent's people from the judgment of the Pres- 
bytery of Philadelphia, was brought in and read ; together with a supplication 
from said persons to the Presbytery of Philadelphia, and their judgment upon 
it. After that Mr. Tennent, the appellants, and the members of the Presby- 
tery of Philadelphia, were heard at length, at last all parties were ordered to 
remove, and the Synod entered upon a debate upon this affair,, and at last 
agreed in the following unanimous judgment, viz: That it appears evident to 
this Synod, that Mr. Tennent having in all respects acted, and been esteemed, 
and looked upon, not only by this Synod, but also by the congregation of 
Neshaminy, and particularly by the appellants themselves, as the minister 
and pastor of the people of Neshaminy, that he is still to be esteemed as the 
pastor of that people, notwithstanding the want of a formal instalment among 
them, (which omission, though the Synod doth not justify, yet it is far from 
nullifying the pastoral relation between Mr. Tennent and said people,) and 
consequently that the Synod doth justify the judgment of the Presbytery of 
Philadelphia in reference to that matter, and that said appellants had no 
just cause of complaining against or appealing from said judgment of the 
Presbytery. 

Mr. Bertram is allowed to depart on account of his indisposition. 

The committee ordered to meet at eight o'clock, to-morrow morning. 

Adjourned till ten of the clock, to-morrow morning. 

Concluded with prayer. 
11* 



126 MINUTES OF THE 

18th day, at ten of the clock, A. M. post preces, sederunt qui supr 
Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. The account 
the fund not yet brought in. 

Mr. Hunter's affair reassumed, and after much discourse and several que 
tions asked at Mr. Hunter, together with his answers being heard, and M 
Hunter and all but members being removed, the Synod entered upon a serio 
debate about what we have heard, and after spending considerable time, 
last it was agreed that Mr. Thomson and Mr. Cross shall each endeavour 
prepare an overture upon this affair, to be brought in, in order to be approv 
against the afternoon. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer; 

At 3> o'clock P. M. post preces sederunt qui supra. 

The minutes of last sederunt ordered to be read. The affair of the fu: 
continued. 

The affair of Mr. Hunter reassumed, and Mr. Cross and Mr. Thorns 
brought in their overtures, which were very parallel, and the substance 
approved by the Synod was as followed. 

The Synod having maturely weighed and considered the following pai 
culars, viz: 

1. That Mr. Henry Hunter has his credentials from the Presbytery 
Antrim, which has separated from the Synod of Ireland, and with whc 
we have no communion, when he might have easily applied to other Pri 
byteries. 

2. That he brought with him thence a certain instrument in writing, ( 
claring him capable of administering the sacraments of the New r Testamei 
when he himself acknowledges that he was not set apart to the work of t 
ministry by the imposition of hands or any of the rites of ordination. 

3. That he acknowledges the design of getting the above instrument or c 
tificate was, that if he should meet with any people of his principles tl 
would entertain him as their pastor, he would have accepted the pasto 
charge of them under that circumstance. 

4. That when Mr. Hunter was asked before the Synod, whether he b 
any other papers or certificates besides that of his license, he said he hadnoi 
and yet afterwards owned he had the abovesaid paper or instrument. 

5. That it appears probable to the Synod, that he hath been forming 
design, and that money hath been given for him to go to the Bishop of Lc 
don for ordination. These things, together with the great prevarication 
hath been guilty of, and the disregard he hath shown to our discipline a 
government, and the ground we have to suspect his principles, have det 
mined the Synod to come to the following conclusion, viz : not to receive 
entertain the said Mr. Hunter as a probationer or minister among us at p 
sent. Approved nemine contradicente. 

The above judgment being read unto Mr. Hunter, he applied unto 1 
Synod for advice how to behave under his present circumstances; to whi 
the moderator replied in the name of the Synod, that they would give him 
answer against Monday next. 

A call from the new erection of this city to the Rev. Mr. Robert Cn 
together with a supplication to the Synod, containing their reasons or an 
ments to move the Synod to concur with the design of said call, were re; 
and the consideration hereof is deferred until Monday morning, at ten of 1 
clock. 

The committee for the fund to meet at nine o'clock on Monday morning 

Adjourned till ten of the clock on Monday morning. 

Concluded with prayer. 



SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 127 

20th day at 10 o'clock, A. M. post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

The account of the fund is brought in, and it amounts to the sum of five 
hundred forty-one pounds and nine pence. 

An overture concerning the fund was brought in by the committee, and 
unanimously approved, and is as follows : that the committee- for the fund meet 
after the breaking up of the Synod, in order to consult upon a method for the 
better securing of the fund, as well as distributing according to the necessity 
of such persons as will apply to them for relief, and to defray necessary 
charges of the press. 

The Synod taking Mr. Hunter's request for advice into consideration, after 
some discourse, agree that the moderator should first admonish him concern- 
ing his past misconduct, and the occasion of jealousy concerning his princi- 
ples which he has given by his conduct, and inquiring his motives in seeking 
to enter upon the work of the ministry, and advise him for the future to behave 
so as to testify his sense of his misconduct, and his sincere attachment to 
sound principles as well as purposes of a regular walk. 

The affair of the call of Mr. Cross reassumed, and the supplication from 
said people again read. And after some debate, it was agreed that said call 
should be presented to Mr. Cross, and his sentiments concerning it desired by 
the Synod* In answer to which he declared, that he was clearly convinced 
and persuaded in his judgment, as things now appear, that it is his duty to 
stay with the people of Jamaica; and that he thought the Synod could not 
determine this matter until his people be apprized hereof, and have opportu- 
nity to 9eelare themselves concerning it. After much and long debating about 
this affair, at last it was agreed that the clerk and Mr. Elmer, each of them 
by himself, should endeavour to prepare an overture upon the affair to be 
brought in in the afternoon to be considered by the Synod. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

At three o'clock, P. M. Post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read.. 

Mr. Cathcart is absent without liberty asked or obtained of the Synod. 

Ordered, That the janitor for the future be paid out of the fund. 

The next meeting of the Synod, is appointed to be on the fourth Wednes- 
day of May next at Philadelphia. 

An overture upon the affair of Mr. Cross's transportation, was brought in 
and is as followeth. 

1st. That inasmuch as the people of Jamaica, whom we look upon as a 
party principally interested in this matter, have not been yet seasonably ap- 
prized of it, nor have they had any opportunity to. lay in their objections 
against Mr. Cross's transportation to the new erected congregation, the Synod 
cannot now come to a final judgment or declaration herein. And therefore the 
Synod doth defer their judgment concerning it until next meeting of the Synod, 
and order that the people of Jamaica have a. copy of our minutes relating 
hereunto ; that they, together with a copy of the reasons advanced by this new 
congregation, be sent unto them, that they may prepare to appear in opposi- 
tion to said call against next meeting, if they think fit. 

2dly. That, in the mean time, Mr. Cross be appointed to supply this peo- 
ple two months before the next meeting of the Synod. 

3dly. That the people of this new erection be allowed the nomination of 
ministers or candidates belonging to the Synod for their supply the rest of the 
time, wherein Mr. Cross is not appointed to supply them, and that the Pres- 
byteries unto which such ministers to be appointed to supply this new erec- 



128 MINUTES OF THE 

tion do belong, shall appoint supplies in the room of such ministers, while 
they are absent from their respective congregations supplying this. 

4thly. That the Synod shall order supplies to the people of Jamaica during 
the time of Mr. Cross's supplying here, as they shall judge most convenient. 

5thly. Mr. Cross, and whatever other actual minister shall be ordered tc 
supply this new erection, shall, as far as circumstances will allow, act anc 
behave among them, for promoting of their edification publicly and privately, 
as if they stood in a personal relation to them. 

Some reasons for supporting this overture.. 

1st. That justice shall hereby be done to both congregations by this neces 
sary delay. 

2dly. Hereby provision will be made for this congregation as much to theii 
desire and edification as possibly can be in such circumstances. 

3dly. This Synod will appear to act tenderly and conscientiously, and tc 
avoid precipitancy on both hands. 

4thly. During this intervening time, by Divine Providence, the aspect o: 
these affairs may be so far altered and cleared, that the Synod may be able tc 
determine, both to the edification and satisfaction of all parties concerned. 

Lastly. We think it would be very unsafe at present, finally to determine 
the matter one way or other, lest we should commit a very hurtful mistake. 

The above overture and reasons were approven nemine contradicente. 

And accordingly Mr* Cross is appointed to supply this new erection nexi 
Sabbath, and as many Sabbaths immediately before our next meeting as will 
complete the above two months., Mr. Pumry is ordered to supply Jamaica 
the second Sabbath of April, Mr. Lamb the fourth Sabbath of April, Mr. John 
Cross the first two Sabbaths in May. 

Mr. Madowell is appointed to supply this new erection the months of Octo- 
ber and November Mr. Jamison the month of December, Mr. Alison the 
month of January, Mr. Carlile the month of February, Mr. Alexander the 
month of March. 

Ordered, That the committee for the fund meet to-morrow morning, at nine 
of the clock.. 

Adjourned till the fourth Wednesday of May. Concluded with prayer. 

According to appointment the Synod met at Philadelphia, 

May 2bfh, 1737. Ubi post preces sederunt. 

Ministers: Messrs. Jedidiah Andrews, John Thomson, James Anderson, 
Richard Treat, Joseph Houston, Robert Cathcart, Adam Boyd, Robert Cross. 
Robert Jamison, Hugh Carlile, James Martin, John Paul, William Tennent. 
Gilbert Tennent, Henry Hook, George Gillespie, Thomas Evans. Samuel 
Blair, Samuel Black, Francis Alison, Patrick Glascow, and Alexander Hutch- 
inson. 

Ministers absent: Messrs.. Thomas Craighead, Ebenezer Goold, Darnel 
Elmer j Hugh Stevenson, William Bertram, Alexander Craighead, William 
Tennent, jun'r., David Evans, Hugh Conn, John Orme, David Cowell. Ebe- 
nezer Weld, John Cross, John Pierson. Jonathan Dickinson, Joseph Webb, 
Samuel Pumry, Ebenezer Pemberton, Hubbell, Horton, Chalker, Xutman. 

Elders present: Messrs. William Gray, Thomas Boyd, Philip Tanner. 
Jeremiah Lockery, John Wilson, James Buchanan, Matthew Adams. John 
Richey, Samuel Allen, William McCullough. Robert Patton. 

Mr. Hook chosen moderater, Mr. Evans clerk. 

Mr. Bovd, the last vear's moderator, opened the Synod with a sermoi 
2 Cor. iv. 5. 

Adjourned till 9 of the clock, to-morrow morning. Concluded with pr;. 



SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 129 

26 day, at nine o'clock, A. M. post preces, sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last year's Synod be read. 

Masters Gillespie, Hook, Hutchinson, Glascow, and Gilbert Tennent, gave 
reasons for their absence last year, which were sustained. 

All the members of the Presbytery of East Jersey, were absent last year 
except Messrs. Gilbert Tennent, Pierson, Blair, and William Tennent, jnn'r. 
and no reasons given; and said members are now also absent, (except Gilbert 
Tennent.) 

Messrs. Thomson, Andrews, Boyd, Treat, Gillespie, Martin, and the mode- 
rator, appointed to be a committee for the Fund, and any other business the 
Synod shall recommend to them. 

The Presbytery books of Lewis, New Castle, and East-Jersey, were not 
brought. Messrs. Alison and Cathcart, ordered to revise the Presbytery 
book of Donegall, and Mr. Anderson and Mr. Cross, the Presbytery book of 
Philadelphia. 

Inquiry being made who had brought collections for the fund, it was found 
that Masters Anderson, Thomson, Jamison, Paul, William Tennent, and 
Gillespie, had brought something, which was ordered to be delivered to Mr. 
Andrews. 

Messrs. Anderson, Andrews, Thomson, Gillespie, Dickinson, Pemberton, 
Pierson, Robert Cross, Thomas Evans, Boyd, and the moderator, appointed 
to be the commission of the Synod for the year ensuing, and that if they have 
occasion to meet, they endeavour to have elders with them. 

Messrs. Bertram, David Evans, John Cross, and William Tennent, jun'r. 
sent reasons of their absence, which were sustained. 

It is reported that Mr. David Cowell in the Presbytery of Philadelphia, and 
Mr. Samuel Black in the Presbytery of Donegall, and Mr. Francis Alison in 
the Presbytery of New Castle, were, after the usual trials, ordained since last 
Synod, and that said persons did all of them adopt the Westminster Confes- 
sion, <fcc, according to order of Synod. 

Ordered, That an account of the fund be brought in before the Synod 
break up. 

Mr. Cathcart acknowledged his irregularity of departing from last Synod 
without leave, promising better care in that matter for the future, which was 
accepted. 

The appointments of last Synod, with respect to the new erection in Phila- 
delphia and the congregation of Jamaica, were fulfilled. And inquiry being 
made whether there were any representatives or letters from Jamaica, relating 
to Mr. Cross's transportation, it was found that a letter was come which was 
ordered to be brought in in the afternoon. And the representatives of the 
new erection were ordered to bring in what they had to offer in the afternoon. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

At three of the clock, P. M. Post preces, sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of our last sederunt be read,. 

The order with relation to the fund continued, 

Mr. Hunter having petitioned that he might be restored to preach the gos- 
pel of Christ, &c. and we being satisfied of his good and becoming carriage 
and conduct since our last, are willing to give him all due encouragement. 
But considering the judgment of the Synod last year, and the reasons of it, 
we cannot allow the said Mr. Hunter to preach the gospel until he has first 
gone through the ordinary course of trials in some Presbytery belonging to 
this Synod, and the Synod does recommend it to the Presbytery to which he 



X30 MINUTES OF THE 

may apply, to treat him with all suitable and Christian lenity and tenderness 
which was approved, nemine contradicente. 

The above minute being read to Mr. Hunter he desired time to consider o 
it, which was granted. 

The affair of the new erection at Philadelphia, deferred till to-morrow 
morning. 

A reference from the Presbytery of Philadelphia relating to Mr. Morgan's 
suspension coming before us, and after reading the minutes of said Presby 
tery, with the evidences they grounded their judgment upon, and Mr. Morgai 
having liberty to offer what he thought fit in his own defence, the affair, aftei 
due consideration, was left to the committee to bring an overture upon it to 
morrow morning. 

Ordered, That the committee meet at eight of the clock to-morrow morn 
ing. 

Adjourned till ten of the clock to-morrow morning. Concluded witl 
prayer. 

27th day. At ten of the clock, A. M. Post preces, sederunt qui supra 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

The order respecting the fund continued. 

The committee brought in an overture on Mr. Morgan's affair, which is a 
followeth, viz. 

Overtured, on Mr. Morgan's affair, That inasmuch as it would be both dif 
ficult and tedious for the whole Synod to make a particular inquiry into thi 
whole affair, the Synod appoint the Presbyteries of Philadelphia and Eas 
Jersey to meet as a committee at Maidenhead, and judge of said affair, an< 
absolve Mr. Morgan from the censure he lies under, if he appear suitabl; 
penitent, and no new accusations be advanced against him ; and Mr. Morgar 
to continue under suspension until said committee meet, and that at least threi 
members of each Presbytery meet as a quorum. The first Wednesday o 
August to be the time of meeting; and it is ordered, that every minister d< 
endeavour to bring an elder with him. Approved, nemine contradicente. 

Mr. Hunter came in and professed his acquiescence with the Synod's con 
elusion in his affair. 

The affair of Mr. Cross's transportation reassumed, and a supplication fron 
the new erection pressing the accomplishment of it pursuant to their call t< 
him, and a letter from the congregation of Jamaica, offering reasons agains 
his transportation, being read, together with the minutes of our last on sail 
affair, the Synod thought it proper to inquire of Mr. Cross himself what hi 
present sentiments were respecting said affair ; which being done by the mo 
derator, he desired liberty to defer giving his answer till the next sederunt 
which was granted. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

At three of the clock, P. J\L Post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

The order respecting the fund continued. 

A paper being brought in by Mr. Enoch Armitage,. signed by many hfcod 
of the congregations of Hopewell and Maidenhead, requesting, that since Mr 
Morgan is not likely to be useful any more as a minister among them, fron 
his repeated miscarriages, if the Synod should see cause to restore him to hi 
ministry, he might not be reinstated as their minister: The Synod came t< 
this result, that the people of Hopewell and Maidenhead be left at their libertj 
to entertain Mr. Morgan as their pastor or not, even supposing the committtt 
appointed to meet on his affair in August, should see cause to restore him u 



SYNOD OP PHILADELPHIA. 13 X 

the exercise of the ministry; only the Synod enjoins the people to pay to Mr. 
Morgan what arrears are due to him for time past. The above minute ap- 
proved, nemine contradicente. 

The affair of Mr. Cross's transportation came again under consideration, 
and the representatives of the new erected congregation of this city put in a 
supplication which was read, the purport whereof was to invalidate what was 
offered in the supplication from Jamaica: Mr. Cross was desired to give his 
sentiments of this affair, which he did at length, and at last submitted himself 
wholly to the judgment of the Synod, and then, all parties being removed, the 
Synod entered upon a very serious debate about this whole affair, in which 
considerable time being spent, at last after solemn calling upon God for light 
and direction in such a momentous matter, it was put to the vote, Transport 
Mr, Cross from Jamaica to Philadelphia or not, and it was carried in the 
affirmative, nemine contradicente. 

A letter was brought in from Mr. Henricus Goetschius to Mr. Andrews, 
signifying his desire, and the desire of many people of the German nation, 
that he might be ordained by order of Synod to the work of the ministry, 
upon which the said Mr. Goetschius was desired to appear before the Synod, 
that they might see his credentials and have some discourse with him ; which 
being done, he produced testimonials from Germany, which were ample and 
satisfactory to the Synod respecting his learning and good Christian conversa- 
tion; whereupon he was recommended to the care of the Presbytery of Phila- 
delphia, to act upon further trials of him, with respect to his ordination, as to 
them should seem fit. 

Ordered, That the committee meet to-morrow morning at eight of the clock. 

Adjourned till ten of the clock lo-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 

28th day. At ten of the clock, A. M. Post preces, sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

The affair of the fund continued. 

Upon reading the minutes of the last sederunt respecting Mr. Cross's trans- 
portation, at his request it was ordered, that Messrs. Thomson and Anderson 
write a suitable letter to the congregation of Jamaica, signifying what was done 
in said affair, and bring it in before the Synod break up. 

A supplication from the new erection in this city being brought in and read, 
it was referred to the committee to bring in an overture upon it. 

A supplication from part of the congregation of Neshaminy, containing 
matters of complaint against Mr. William Tennent, and also an answer to the 
several articles of said supplication from another part of the said congregation 
being brought in, and both of them read article by article, and both parties 
heard at length what they had to say, all parties were ordered to remove, and 
some time being taken upon the merits of that cause, Mr. Thomson was or- 
dered to draw up an overture on that affair, and bring it in in the afternoon. 

Mr. Cathcart asked leave to depart, and it was granted. 

Ordered, That the committee meet at three of the clock, P. M. 

Adjourned till four of the clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

At four of the clock, P. M. Post preces, sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

Ordered, That the account of the fund be brought in next sederunt. 

Upon the affair of Neshaminy overtured, That the reasons advanced by the 
disaffected party of that congregation in their supplication, in justification of 
their non-compliance with the Synod's judgment in relation to them last year, 
and their desire to be freed from Mr. Tennent as their pastor, are utterly in- 
sufficient, being founded, (as appears to us,) partly upon ignorance and mis- 



132 MINUTES OF THE 

take, and partly, (as we fear,) upon prejudice. It is therefore ordered, tha 
the moderator recommend it to said people to lay aside such groundless dis 
satisfactions, and return to their duty, which they have too long strayed from 
otherwise the Synod will be bound in duty to treat them as disorderly. Ap 
proved, nemine contradicente. 

Overtured, That Mr. Cross's instalment be as soon as conveniently may b< 
after his return from Jamaica, and that the Synod on Monday next appoint th( 
person that shall instal him. 

Overtured, That Mr. Elder supply the new erection the three last Sab 
baths in June, and the first in July ; Mr. Alexander the other four Sabbaths ii 
July, and Mr. Carlile the month of August, if there be occasion. 

Overtured, That one hundred pounds be allowed out of the fund to enabh 
the new erected congregation to build an house of worship, and that said hun 
dred pounds be paid at the meeting of the next Synod, if said congregation b( 
obliged to build a meeting-house for themselves ; and that the Synod at thei] 
meeting consider what is further to be done that way. But in case the tw< 
congregations should unite to their mutual satisfaction, that then there be 
only fifty pounds allowed them out of the fund, towards purchasing a burying 
ground. 

The above overture approved, nemine contradicente. 

Adjourned till ten of the clock on Monday morning. 

The committee to meet at eight of the clock. Concluded with prayer. 

30th day, at ten of the clock, A. M. Postpreces, sederunt qui supra. 
Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 
The account of the fund brought in. and it appears that there is in it antece- 
dent to any disbursements to be made this year: 

£ s. d. 
Due per bonds, - 516 4 ll£ 

Per interest on said bonds, 60 19 11 

In cash, - - 11 00 3 



In all, - - £588 5 H 

A supplication coming in from Trenton to the committee, desiring thai 
something might be allowed to them out of the fund, overtured that five 
pounds be allowed them for this present year, £5 C 

Overtured, That the janitor have for his service the sum of 1 10 C 

Pursuant to a supplication from Mr. Black's congregation, over- 
tured that they be allowed the sum of five pounds, 5 C 

•Overtured, That the treasurer have for bis service the sum of 6 C 

The above overtures were approved. 

Mr. William Tennent, senior, having last year supplicated the committee 
to remit him the interest of his bond for four years then past, and the com- 
mittee taking this into consideration, thought it not proper to grant him his re- 
quest, but referred it to the consideration and determination of the Synod ; 
which being now brought into the Synod, and Mr. Tennent renewing his 
petition, they taking it into consideration, agreed to grant his request, the said 
four year's interest amounting to the sum of seven pounds four shillings. 

The Synod, according to the order of Saturday, coming to consider who 
shall instal Mr. Cross to the new erection, do now appoint Mr. Andrews to 
do the same, and that from this time Mr. Cross and said new erection be 
joined to the- Presbytery of Philadelphia. 

Mr. Anderson and Mr. Thomson brought in their letter to the people of 
Jamaica, which was approved, and ordered to be sent to them. 

An overture to be considered by the committee of the Synod. 



SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. j[33 

Inasmuch as God, who is a God of order, requires in an especial manner, 
that all the affairs of his kingdom on earth should be done decently and in or- 
der; and inasmuch as there may be frequent occasion in the course of Divine 
Providence, that the transportation or moving of ministers, or probationary 
preachers, from one Presbytery to another, for preventing many inconve- 
niences that may ensue upon irregular steps that may be taken on such occa- 
sions, it is humbly proposed as a fit expedient: 

First. That no probationer take upon him to preach in any vacant congre- 
gation without the order of the Presbytery under whose care he is. 

Secondly. That no such probationer preach to any vacant congregation 
without the bounds of the Presbytery to which he belongs, until his way be 
cleared thereunto by the order and appointment of the Presbytery under 
whose care and inspection such congregation is. 

Thirdly. That no Presbytery take upon them to appoint such probationer 
to preach within their bounds without Presbyterial credentials, or recommen- 
dations for that purpose from the Presbytery unto which such probationer be- 
longs. 

Fourthly. That no vacant congregation take upon them to invite or en- 
courage any minister, or probationer, to preach among them without the con- 
sent and concurrence of their own Presbytery, nor until such probationer has 
preached before them with approbation. 

Fifthly. That no minister take upon him to invite any minister, or proba- 
tioner, from the bounds of another Presbytery, to preach unto any vacant con- 
gregation without the advice and concurrence of the brethren of his own Pres- 
bytery. 

To evince the reasonableness of the above particulars, besides the inconve- 
niences that may ensue upon the neglecting of such an order or method, it 
may be considered that both probationers and vacant congregations are and 
ought to look upon themselves as under the direction and government of their 
respective Presbyteries. That they ought to be ordered, directed, and con- 
curred with, by them, in all the steps taken in order to their being settled. 

It is also humbly proposed that the Synod would make an order to inquire 
yearly, at our respective Presbyteries, concerning their observation of the or- 
der and agreement of September, 1735, in relation to our receiving of minis- 
ters and preachers from Europe. 

This above overture approved. 

Mr. Barr, in behalf of the new erection of this city, supplicated the Synod 
for their direction and assistance in sending to Great Britain, or Ireland, for 
some assistance of money for them. The Synod agrees to it, and appoints 
Mr. Thomson, Mr. Anderson, Mr. Cross, and the moderator, to assist said 
congregation in said affair. 

The Presbytery books of Philadelphia and Donegall were brought in and 
approved. 

Adjourned till the fourth Wednesday of May next, and then to meet at 
Philadelphia, at two of the clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

May the 24th, 1738. 
The Synod met at Philadelphia, according to appointment. 

Ubi post preces sederunt, 
Ministers: Messrs. Jedidiah Andrews, William Tennent, David Evans, 
Daniel Elmer, Richard Treat, Hugh Carlile, David Cowell, George Gilles- 
pie, Joseph Houston, Robert Cathcart, Francis Alison, Charles Tennent, 
Jonathan Dickinson, John Pierson, Ebenezer Pemberton, Gilbert Tennent, 
William Tennent, junior, John Cross, Samuel Blair, Henry Hook, James 
12 



134 MINUTES OF THE 



Martin, Robert Jameson, James Anderson, John Thomson, Adam Boyd, 
John Paul, Alexander Craighead, and Samuel Black. 

Elders: Messrs. William Gray, Richard Walker, James Abraham, James 
Erwin, William Semple, Philip Tanner, Robert Calwell, Robert Finney, 
William McMackin, John McCrey, Richard Alison, Andrew Gregg, John 
Robb, John Luckey, William Sherran, Robert McConachy. 

Ministers absent: Messrs. Robert Cross, Ebenezer Goold, Eleazer Wales, 
Thomas Evans, Alexander Hutchinson, Joseph Webb, Aaroji^Ruxr, Simon 
Horton, Jo hn Nutm an, Isaac Chalker, Samuel Pumry, Walter Wilmot, Pa- 
trick Glascow, Hugh Stevenson, Thomas Craighead, William Bertram, John 
Orme, Hugh Conn. 

Mr. Henry Hook, last year's moderator, opened the Synod by a sermon 
from John xxi. 14. 

Mr. Richard Treat chosen moderator, and Mr. Francis Alison, clerk. 

Ordered, That the last year's minutes be read. 

Messrs. Elmer, Cowel, Craighead, Pierson, Dickinson, Pemberton, Hor- 
ton, Webb, and Nutman, gave reasons for their absence last year, which 
were sustained. 

Messrs. Thomson, Andrews, Dickinson, Pemberton, Boyd, Gillespie, An- 
derson, Martin, and the moderator, appointed for a committee for the fund, 
and any other business the Synod shall recommend to them. 

The Presbytery books of Lewes and East Jersey were not brought. 
Messrs. Houston and Hook ordered to revise the Presbytery book of Phila- 
delphia ; Messrs. Paul and Martin to revise the Presbytery book of New 
Castle; Messrs. John Cross and William Tennent, jun'r. to revise the Pres- 
bytery book of Donegall. 

The Presbytery of Long-Island being reduced so that a quorum cannot sta- 
tedly meet about business, it is ordered, that they be united to the Presbytery 
of East- Jersey, and to be henceforth known by the name of the Presbytery oi 
New York. 

Adjourned till nine o'clock, to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 

26th day, at nine o'clock, A. M. post preces sederunt, qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

Ordered, To proceed in reading the last years minutes. 

The Synod taking the state of the fund into consideration, and finding that 
many congregations are deficient in contributing to so good a design, and that 
ministers have not been so careful as they might be in proposing and endea- 
vouring that thing, it is unanimously agreed by all the members of the Synod. 
that every minister shall either seasonably propose the affair, and read the 
Synod's letter to their respective congregations, and appoint a day for a public 
collection, if there be occasion for such a step to carry on the design, or oblige 
themselves to pay out of their own proper estates ten shillings to the fund; 
and that every Presbytery take care that their respective members, observe an 
order made in the year, 1736, (directing absent members to send collections,) 
and that they, as soon as possible, notify what is now done to all the absent 
members. And seeing that the respective congregations of the Synod contri- 
bute to the fund, and have a right to know how what is collected is disposed 
of and managed, ordered, nem. con. that there be a minister and an elder out 
of every Presbytery, appointed to be members of the committee for the fund. 
And in pursuance of this order, the following elders are appointed for this year 
in conjunction with the ministers before mentioned, namely, William Gray. 
Robert Finney, Richard Alison, James McCoy. 

Messrs. Anderson, Andrews, Thomson, Gillespie, Dickinson. Pemberton, 
Pierson, Robert Cross, Thomas Evans, Boyd. Martin, and the moderator. 



SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 135 

appointed to be the commission of the Synod for the year ensuing, and that 
they endeavour to bring elders with them if they have occasion to meet, and 
that any five of these members be a quorum. 

It is reported that Mr. Charles Tennent, in the Presbytery of New Castle, 
Mr. Aaron Burr and Mr. Walter Wilmott, in the Presbytery of New York, 
were, after the usual trials, ordained since the last Synod, and that they did 
all of them adopt the Westminster Confession, &c. according to order of this 
Synod. 

Ordered, That an account of the fund be brought in before the Synod 
break up. 

The committee appointed by the Synod to meet at Maidenhead and inquire 
into Mr. Morgan's affair, met according to appointment, and the minutes of 
their proceedings being read and approved, were ordered to be inserted in the 
Synod book, and they are. as follows:* 

A petition with some papers being sent by Mr. Morgan to the Synod, after 
reading the petition, they referred the consideration of said papers to the com- 
mittee. 

It is reported that Mr. Robert Cross was installed since our last, according 
to the Synod's appointment, and that the two congregations in Philadelphia 
were since united. 

It was overtured by some members, that some order should be made to 
prevent irregularities that may arise in our churches, by some ministers and 



* "At a meeting- of the Presbytery of Philadelphia and East- Jersey, (being a committee 
appointed by the Synod to transact in the affair of Mr. Morgan,) on the first Wednesday 
of August, at Maidenhead, 1737, ubi post preces sederunt: Members of the Presbytery 
of Philadelphia : Mr. Jedidiah Andrews, Mr. David Evans, Mr. Richard Treat, Mr. David 
Cowell, and Mr. Hugh Carlile. Members of East-Jersey Presbytery: Mr. William 
Tennent, jun'r. Mr. John Nutman, and Mr. Samuel Blair. Elders: John Snowden, 
David Rhee, Stoffel Longstreat, and Nathaniel Brittin. Mr. Andrews chosen moderator, 
and Mr. Treat clerk. Mr. Treat opened the committee by a sermon on John xii. 26. 
The committee entered upon the affair of Mr. Morgan, and read the minute of the Synod 
that commissionated them for said business ; and finding that the terms of Mr. Morgan's 
suspension being taken off were these, viz: There not appearing any new accusations 
against him, and his giving them sensible evidence of his repentance, the committee 
proceeded to inquire whether any new accusations were to be brought in against him. 
Upon which several evidences were given in to the committee, one from William Brittin 
in writing, and another from Nathaniel Brittin, and another from James Chambers, viva- 
voce, which were taken down in writing; (which are all kept in retentis,) after this the 
committee adjourned to eight o'clock, to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 

" 4th day, at eight o'clock, A. M. Post preces sederunt qui supra. 

" Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

" The affair of Mr. Morgan being resumed, the committee proceeded according to 
direction to inquire into the signs of his repentance, and after a long conference with him 
in private, the committee entered into a serious debate about the matter, in order to come 
to a judgment. And after much time spent in the business, without coming to any con- 
clusion, they adjourned to four of the clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

" At four of the clock, P. ill. Post preces sederunt qui supra. 

" The minutes of the last sederunt ordered to be read. 

" The committee re-entered upon the consideration of Mr. Morgan's affair, and began 
with a conference again with him. And after Mr. Morgan was withdrawn, they came 
to an inquiry among themselves, what conclusion they could come into about the pre- 
mises ; and after the deepest consideration, and most serious deliberation, they unani- 
mously judged, that inasmuch as some new and express accusations have been brought 
against him since the order of last Synod, and in all our conference with Mr. Morgan, he 
gave us no sufficient evidence of his repentance, but still continues to deny the most 
material and notorious instances of the things formerly proved against him, they cannot 
see cause to take off the suspension, but judge it their bounden duty to continue it as 
before. Concluded with prayer." 



136 MINUTES OF THE 

probationers preaching to vacant congregations without the bounds of theii 
respective Presbyteries, without allowance from the Presbytery under whose 
care the said vacant congregations may be. This was debated for some time, 
and deferred till next sederunt. 

Adjourned till three of the clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

Jit three of the clock, P. M. Post preces, sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

The affair of the fund continued. 

The debate concerning ministers preaching without the bounds of their own 
Presbyteries, to vacancies in the bounds of another Presbytery, without the 
consent of some of the members, was reassumed, and overtured upon it, thai 
no minister belonging to this Synod shall have liberty to preach in any con- 
gregation belonging to another Presbytery whereof he is not a member, after 
he is advised by any minister of such Presbytery, "that he thinks his preach- 
ing in that congregation will have a tendency to procure divisions and disor- 
ders, until he first obtain liberty from the Presbytery or Synod so to do. 
This being put to the vote, was approved. 

Overtured, That in order to obviate some mistakes, that it is supposed some 
of the members of the Synod were in, with respect to the preceding overture, 
that it be voted that every minister belonging to this Synod, has liberty to 
preach in any vacast congregation where he shall be occasionally and provi- 
dentially called, even though he is out of the bounds of the Presbytery to 
which he belongs, unless he be first advised by some minister of such Pres- 
bytery, that his preaching there is likely to procure divisions and disorders in 
such congregation; and even when he is so advised by any minister of such 
Presbytery, he may yet preach in such congregation, if by liberty first ob- 
tained from such Presbytery or from the Synod, but not otherwise. Agreed 
nemine contradicente. 

Inquiry being- made of the several Presbyteries, whether they have com- 
plied with an order of Synod touching the admission of ministers or candi- 
dates that come from Europe, it was found that said order has been complied 
with. 

A letter from the Synod of Ireland, was read and referred to the committee 
to consider what is to be done in reference to it. 

Ordered, That the committee meet to-morrow morning, at eight of the 
clock. 

Adjourned till ten o'clock, to-morrow. Concluded with prayer. 

26th day, met at ten o'clock, according to appointment, d. M. Ubi post 
preces sederunt qui supra. 

The minutes of the last sederunt ordered to be read. 

The affair of the fund continued. 

Leave being desired by Mr. Elmer and Mr. Evans to depart, it was 
granted. 

Upon the consideration of the letter from the Synod in Ireland, the com- 
mittee brought in this overture, viz : That a respectful letter be wrote to the 
Synod in Ireland in answer to theirs, and brought into the Synod for appro- 
bation. Agreed, and ordered, that Mr. Anderson and Mr. Thomson write 
said letter. 

Upon a supplication of some members of the Presbytery of New York, to 
be erected into a distinct Presbytery with some of the members of the Pres- 
bytery of Philadelphia: Overtured, That their petition be granted, and that 
all to the northward and eastward of Maidenhead and Hopewell unto Raritan 
river, including also Staten-Island, Piscatua, Amboy. Bound-Brook, Basking- 



SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 137 

Ridge, Turkey, Rocksitieus, Minisinks, Pequally, and Crosswicks, be the 
bounds of that Presbytery ; and that the said Presbytery be distinguished by 
the name of the Presbytery of New-Brunswick, and that the time of their 
meeting to be the second Tuesday of August next, at New-Brunswick. This 
overture was approved. 

Upon the supplication of John Caldwell, in behalf of himself and many 
families of our persuasion, who are about to settle in the back parts of Vir- 
ginia, desiring that some members of the Synod may be appointed to wait on 
that government, to solicit their favour in behalf of our interest in that place : 
Overturecl, That according to the purport of the supplication, the Synod ap- 
point two of their number to go and wait upon the governor and council of 
Virginia, with suitable instructions in order to procure the favour and counte- 
nance of the government of that province, to the laying a foundation of our 
interest in the back parts thereof, where considerable numbers of families of 
our persuasion are settling, and that something be allowed out of our fund to 
bear the charges of said brethren who shall be appointed, and that also provi- 
sion be made for supplying the congregations of said brethren during their 
absence from them, while prosecuting that affair; and that Messrs. Robert 
Cross, Anderson, Conn, and Orme, prosecute said affair; and that Messrs. 
Thomson, Dickinson, and Pemberton, prepare instructions for said brethren, 
and write a letter in the name of the Synod to the said government, to be 
brought in and approved by the Synod ; and that the respective Presbyteries 
take care of these congregations during the absence of their pastors. And it 
is further overtured, that these brethren be allowed a discretionary power of 
using what money they have occasion for, to bear their expenses in a manner 
suitable to this design, being accountable to the Synod for their conduct in the 
whole affair. Approved nemine contradicente. 

A supplication Jrom part of the congregation of Pequea was read, desiring 
either to have some part of the labours of Mr. David Alexander, till they be 
judged by the Presbytery of Donegall to have sufficient ability to support the 
gospel themselves, or to be erected into a congregation and having supplies 
granted them ; their affair was deferred till another year, which we hope will 
have a happy tendency to bring things to a good issue, and till then they are 
to acquiesce in the determination of their Presbytery. • Which was approved 
by a great majority. 

The committee to meet at three o'clock. 

Adjourned till four o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

At four o'clock, P. M. post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

The order respecting the fund continued. 

Upon a supplication from Mr. Morgan, and some papers of his that were 
laid before the Synod, it is overtured, that inasmuch as Mr. Morgan has given 
the Synod no sufficient evidence of his repentance for the gross scandals laid 
to his charge, and proved against him, they judge that Mr. Morgan continue 
under censure until he give just ground for the removal thereof, either to the 
Synod or the Presbytery of Philadelphia. Approved nemine contradicente. 

The Presbytery book of New Castle approved. 

A remonstrance from Mr. George Gillespie was read, in which he com- 
plains against the Presbytery of Donegall, for treating Mr. Zanchy, a proba- 
tioner in their bounds, with too much lenity in only rebuking him, and not 
suspending him when he stood charged with composing a discourse in which 
were gross and evident errors, and for sending said notes to Mr. Henry Hun- 
ter, who preached them to his own overthrow. Upon which the Synod came 
to the following conclusion : That though they cannot but greatly condemn 
12* 



138 MINUTES OF THE 

and censure Mr. Zanchy's conduct, in acting the plagiary in transcribing notes 
out of printed authors, thereby to impose upon the Presbytery, giving them a 
false view of his ministerial powers, and in sending the same notes to another 
candidate to enable him to impose upon his Presbytery in the same manner, 
as well as for his greatest imprudence in sending such heretical notes abroad, 
whereby most dangerous errors came to be vended; yet considering that Mr. 
Zanchy was sharply admonished by his Presbytery, that his trials were some- 
time stopt, and his ordination a considerable time delayed on the account of 
this, his conduct, we shall now lay no further censure upon him, but judge the 
Presbytery were defective in not taking notice in their minutes of his being 
such a plagiary, or censuring him on that account. 

The committee to meet to-morrow morning at eight of the clock. 

Adjourned till nine o'clock to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 

21th day. At nine o'clock, A. M. Post preces, sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

The affair of the fund continued. 

The Presbytery book of Philadelphia brought in and approved. 

Mr. Gilbert Tennent represented to the committee that there had been dif- 
fering sentiments in some important points of doctrine between himself and 
Mr. Coweil, upon which there had been sundry large letters passed between 
them, concerning which he desires the Synod's opinion. It is overtured, thai 
this affair be considered by a committee appointed by the Synod, who shall 
be directed to converse with Mr. Tennent and Mr. Coweil together, that they 
may see whether they so widely differ in their sentiments as is supposed; 
and if they find that there be necessity, distinctly to consider the papers; that 
Mr. Tennent and Mr. Coweil be both directed to refrain all public discourses 
upon this controversy, and all methods of spreading it among the populace, 
until the committee have made their report to the Synod, and that no other 
member take notice of and divulge the affair. 

The above mentioned committee were Messrs. J. Dickinson, Pierson, Pern- 
berton, Thomson, Anderson, Boyd, and the moderator. 

A supplication from some of the members of the western part of Hanover 
was read, and after some serious and suitable discourse upon it, it was refer- 
red to Messrs. Thomson and Martin to bring in an overture upon it, againsl 
the next sederunt. 

Adjourned till three of the clock, P. M. on Monday next. 

Concluded with prayer. 

29th day. Met according to appointment, at three o'clock, P. 31. Cbi 
post preces, sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

Mr. Robert Cross is now present, and his reasons for being absent were 
sustained, and he is now ordered to be a member of the committee for the 
fund. 

The order with respect to the affair of the fund continued. 

An overture was brought in upon the affair between Messrs. Gilbert Ten- 
nent and David Coweil, by the committee appointed for that purpose, which 
is as follows, viz. The committee having heard Mr. Tennent and Mr. Coweil 
explain themselves upon the debate between them, think it proper to take this 
affair under further consideration, that they may have opportunity to peruse 
the papers that are produced, to give us a fuller view of this controversy, that 
so we may be prepared to give a report to the next Synod. 

Mr. Cross joined to the committee. Approved, nemim contradicentc. 

Upon the affair of West Hanover, overtured as follows. Upon Mr. Budd's 



SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 139 

representation of the affair of Hanover : Overtured, That, however in a former 
minute relating to West Hanover, we have granted, that solemn obligations 
by lot or otherwise may cease, when by any turn of Providence what is en- 
gaged unto becomes impossible or impracticable, or the end thereof is other- 
wise fully and completely answered, yet it appearing doubtful to us whether 
this be the case of said people in respect of the obligation laid upon them to 
unite or join with the people of East Hanover, by a lot or solemn engage- 
ment to submit to the judgment of the committee of the Presbytery of East 
Jersey, who were called to judge in that affair, the Synod does judge that the 
safest way to come to a final determination of that affair is, that a committee 
be appointed to meet in that place in order to make as exact inquiry as they 
can into the circumstances of that people, whether there really be such a 
change in their case as to cause the above obligation to cease, and either give 
their judgment of this matter, or else represent it as it shall appear to them, to 
the Synod at our next meeting, which they shall judge most meet, and that 
Messrs. Gilbert Tennent, William Tennent, junior, Samuel Blair, David 
Cowell, Eleazar Wales, Jedidiah Andrews, Aaron Barr, John Cross, and 
Richard Treat, be a committee to meet at Hanover tlie last Wednesday of 
July next, upon the affair, at eleven of the clock, ante meridiem. Approved, 
nemine contradicente. 

A proposal was made by the Presbytery of Lewes to this Synod, which is 
as follows : That this part of the world where God has ordered our lot, la- 
bours under a grievous disadvantage for want of the opportunities of univer- 
sities, and professors skilled in the several branches of useful learning, and 
that many students from Europe are especially cramped in prosecuting their 
studies, their parents removing to these colonies before they have an opportu- 
nity of attending the college, after having spent some years at the grammar 
school ; and that many persons born in the country groan under the same pres- 
sure, whose circumstances are not able to support them to spend a course of 
years in the European, or New England colleges, which discourages much, 
and must be a detriment to our church; for we know that natural parts, how- 
ever great and promising, for want of being well improved, must be marred 
of their usefulness, and cannot be so extensively serviceable to the public, 
and that want of due pains and care paves the way for ignorance, and this for 
a formidable train of sad consequences. To prevent this evil, it is humbly 
proposed as a remedy, that every student who has not studied with approba- 
tion, passing the usual courses in some of the New England, or European 
colleges, approved by public authority, shall, before he be encouraged by any 
Presbytery for the sacred work of the ministry, apply himself to this Synod, 
and that they appoint a committee of their members yearly, whom they know 
to be well skilled in the several branches of philosophy, and divinity, and the 
languages, to examine such students in this place, and finding them well ac- 
complished in those several parts of learning, shall allow them a public testi- 
monial from the Synod, which till better provision be made, will in some mea- 
sure answer the design of taking a degree in the college. And for encourage- 
ment of students let this be done, without putting them to further expenses 
than attending. And let it be an objection against none, where they have 
read, or what books, but let all encouragement be only according to merit. 
And 'tis hoped this will fill our youth with a laudable emulation, prevent 
errors young men may imbibe by reading without direction, or things of little 
Talue, will banish ignorance, fill our infant church with men eminent for parts 
and learning, and advance the glory of God, and the honour of our Synod both 
at home and among our neighbours, who conceive a low opinion of us for 
want of such favourable opportunities. 'Tis further proposed, that all that 
are not licensed to preach the gospel, what university or college soever they 



140 MINUTES OF THE 

come from, may undergo the same trials. But inasmuch as this act cannot be 
put in force this year, without discouraging such as may not be apprized of it, 
'tis ordered, that there be two standing committees to act in the above affair 
for this year, one to the northward and the other to the southward of Phila- 
delphia, and that Messrs. John Thomson, George Gillespie, Thomas Evans, 
Henry Hook, James Anderson, James Martin, Francis Alison, be a committee 
for the Presbyteries southward of Philadelphia. And that Messrs. Andrews, 
Robert Cross. Gilbert Tennent, Pemberton, Dickinson, Cowell, and Pierson, 
be a committee to the northward. Approved by a great majority. 

The committee to meet at nine o'clock to-morroAv, A. M. 

Adjourned till three of the clock to-morrow, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

30th day. .It three o'clock, P. 31. met according to appointment. Ubi 

post preces, sederunt qui supra. 
Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 
The account of the fund brought in, and it appears that there is, antecedent 
to any disbursement to be made this year: 

Principal, - ^ £b21 4 1^ 

Interest due, - - - 36 10 9£ 

Cash, - - - 19 3 5| 



In all. ... £582 18 4^ 

Overtured, That since we shall probably break in upon the capital stock of 
our fund, by the allowance to Philadelphia, and the charge of our messengers 
to Virginia, it be resolved that half our yearly interest be kept in stock, until 
it amount to the sum that by these expenses shall be taken from the capital. 
Agreed. 

The members appointed to draw up the address to the government of Vir- 
ginia, and insmictions for the members appointed to go, brought in Avhat they 
had done, which is as follows : 

To the honourable William Gooch, Esquire, Lieutenant Governor of the 
Province of Virginia, the humble address of the Presbyterian ministers con- 
vened in Synod, May 28th, 1738, &c. May it please your honour, we 
take leave to address you in behalf of a considerable number of our brethren 
who are meditating a settlement in the remote parts of your government, and 
are of the same persuasion with the Church of Scotland. We thought it 
our duty to acquaint your honour with their design, and to ask your favour in 
allowing them the libertv of their consciences, and of worshipping God in a 
way agreeable to the principles of their education. Your honour is sensi- 
ble that those of our profession in Europe have been remarkable for their in- 
violable attachment to the Protestant succession, in the illustrious house of 
Hanover, and have upon all occasions manifested an unspotted fidelity to 
our gracious sovereign King George, and we doubt not but these our brethren 
will carry the same loyal principles to the most distant settlements where their 
lot may be cast, which will ever influence them to the most dutiful submis- 
sion to the government which is placed over them. This we trust Mill re- 
commend them to your honour's countenance and protection, and merit the 
free enjoyment of their civil and religious liberties. We pray for the Divine 
blessing upon your person and government, and beg leave to subscribe our- 
selves your honour's most humble and obedient servants. 

"W hich was approved. 

An answer to the letter from the Rev. Synod in the north of Ireland was 
brought in by the members appointed for that purpose, and was approved. 

Ordered, That the clerk transcribe the letter, and the moderator si^n it. 

Adjourned till the fourth Wednesday of May next, at three of the clock. 
P. M. Concluded with nraver. 



OD OF PHILADELPHIA. 141 

nesting of the Synod at 




Jfcy 23£ 1739. Cbi post preeei ttdtrvnt, 

:: " :" ? -, -.-.-■ - . ~i : . . 

Alexander. Join Eider, Bkhard Saneby. Absent: Mr. 
Mr. Thomas Craighead. 

-i. ?.;-: 'I-.::. :-if- ;":-::. H -" :- li-.r, I'-i - ,; ■ J; 
mat : Mens. Thomas Evans, Ho#h Cons, John One. 

: 

John Thomson. Absent: Messrs. Hugh flu urn—, Hush Cathie, 
Glaseow. 

jidelphtaPresbnerv: Messrs. Jedimah Andrews, Robert Cross, Wfl- 

zz 1--ZZL.-.Z.:. _.-._'£• :';> I -:.,:-; '.t ;..... !■_- :i . :~ T _. -_:-:_ 7;-: 
Absent: Daniel Elmer, Joseph Morgan. 

Hew Brunswick: Messrs. Gilbert Tenneni, Wffliam Tennent, Samuel 
Blair. Eleaxer Wales. Absent: John Cross. 

w l ork Pres: " 

mm. Absent: Georse Phihps, Joseph Lamb, Walter Wihnot, Joseph Webb, 
Aaron Burr, John Nutman. ezaaed, Nathaniel Hnbbell, John Pierson, ar- 
ena**, Silas Leonard, Isaac C halker. Samuel Puny. 

Elders: Matthew Atkinson, Thomas Hope, John Cmmrr, Hush 
John McCmeheon, Jared Graham. Waller Carom. Alexander Whii 
M , -r-: ?. -r -:_.--. ."..-.- Woonow, Wnmam Mifoio. n 
. : kmgh, Henry Perkar, William Gray. John Weir, David 



Ordered, That the mantes of me last Svnod he read. 
rs.Ebenezer Gooid, Dan 
Webb, Simon Horton, John > 

:::.-■ -— - 

Mr. Thomas Craighead hoojumI bv d 
Mr. Joseph Webb "sent reasons for his 




pie. Cross, Martin, ami the mode* m m , ipfnmttd a i nmnViT r for the 

:: ■ -^ ---- -it: ;_. _z .; : ± -: i : . - : .':::C:.:j- 

-. William Gray, David Chambers. Mr. 

and Jamison ■ fr w ^" l<l to revise the Presbvterv book of 

D:zrr-: v.-:- I.-.. _l: I. " : : : ?: - - ::•:> ;: N^ 1 - - 

Messrs. P 

Hook andZanehv the Presbvterv book of Sew Bnmswiek; Messrs, Alexan- 
der and Alison me Presbytery hook of New York; Messrs. Cowefl ami W3- 

— 1 -— 1-_- __ ::. l.t rTr?: - - 7 ;v : ^ ;; L T ^~. 

A: -zzri :_. ~_j_~ .; -_if ;■_ :i -.-._..::_ — -;r: 

DJBj BE. 



i. -Via* o'cferl. J. .V. Poofaremo 

0: -- 'I— - Hr I_.L_ :-;> :: J_r ._- i:i-.r } If - 
'"-"--' ::.•- — !- :^__ r--- _.- - - -'- - « 

- : . - - :.: :-, : i -' - -- 



142 MINUTES OF THE 

that Messrs. Anderson, Thomson, Boyd, Elder, Black, Paul, Craighea< 
Zanchy, Gillespie, Hutchinson, Cathcart, Houston, Charles Tennent, Alisoi 
Hook, Martin, Jamison, Andrews, William Tennent, senior, David Evan 
Co well, Treat, Gilbert Tennent, Blair, Dickinson, and Pemberton, hs 
brought some ; and Mr. Pierson sent some. 

Whereas, by order of last Synod absent members were ordered to mal 
collections in their respective congregations for the future, or if they negle 
it to forfeit ten shillings out of their own private purse, and we find th 
Messrs. Wilmot, Burr, Leonard, Chalker, Nutman, and Pumry, absent mer 
bers, have not sent collections, Mr. Pemberton and Mr. Dickinson are ther 
fore appointed to inform them either to make collections for this year or ps 
the forfeiture. And Mr. Hugh Carlile and Mr. Glascow are to be inform* 
by the Presbytery of Lewes of the same ; Mr. Bertram by the Presbytery 
Donegall; Mr. Thomas Evans by the Presbytery of New Castle; and M 
Elmer by the Presbytery of Philadelphia. 

Messrs. Andrews, Thomson, Gillespie, Dickinson, Pemberton, Pierso 
Robert Cross, Thomas Evans, Boyd, Treat, Gilbert Tennent, Martin, ai 
the moderator, appointed to be the commission of the Synod for the year ens 
ing, and that they endeavour to have elders with them if they have occasi< 
to meet, and that any five of the ministers above mentioned be a quorum. 

It is reported that Messrs. Zanchy, Alexander, and Elder, in the Presbyte 
of Donegall, Mr. John Thomson, jun'r. in the Presbytery of Lewes, and M 
Leonard in the Presbytery of New York, were after the usual trials ordain 
since the last Synod, and that they did all of them adopt the Westminsl 
Confession, &c. according to the order of the Synod in that case provided. 

Ordered, That an account of the fund be brought in before the Syn 
break up. 

Inquiry being made of the several Presbyteries, whether they have coi 
plied with an order of Synod, respecting the trial of ministers and candidal 
coming from Europe, it was found they had so done. 

The congregations of Turkey and Rocksiticus, which were included 1: 
year within the bounds of the Presbytery of New-Brunswick, making app 
cation to the Synod to be under the Presbytery of New York, it was grante 

Adjourned to three of the clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

At three o'clock, P. M. post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

The affair of the fund continued. 

Ordered, To proceed in reading the last year's minutes. 

A supplication from the people of Leacock was brought in, and after mu 
discourse upon the affair, the Synod appointed a committee to meet upon 1 
place, and to view the circumstances of the two contending congregatio: 
and finally determine the controversy. The members appointed for s; 
committee were Messrs. Houston, Alison, Cathcart, Hook, Cross, and Tre 
who are to meet at Pequea the second Wednesday of October next. 

The affair of Mr. Morgan's suspension, being remitted to the Presbytery 
Philadelphia by last Synod, they now report that they have taken off 
suspension, and restored him to the exercise of his ministry again: a 
the minutes of their proceeding being read, the Synod approves their el 
duct. 

The affair between Mr. Gilbert Tennent and Mr. Cowell, came under c 
sideration in reading last year's minutes, but the committee to whom that arl 
was referred, report that they are not yet prepared to acquaint the Synod w 
what thev have done, which is therefore referred to another sederunt, : 



SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 143 

the said committee are ordered to get ready and make report as soon as may- 
be. 

The committee appointed to go to Hanover, and help the people there in 
their difficulties, made report to the Synod of their compliance, and brought 
in the minutes of their proceedings, which being read were approved and or- 
dered to be inserted in their minutes, and are as follows, viz:* 

The Presbytery of Brunswick upon reading over the minutes, brought in a 
paper of objections against two acts made last year, which was read, and the 
further consideration of it deferred till to-morrow morning. 

Adjourned to nine o'clock, to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 

25 day at nine o'clock, post prcces sederunt qui supra. 
Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 
The affair of the fund continued. 
The affair of Mr. Cowell and Mr. Tennent deferred. 

The consideration of the New-Brunswick paper reassumed, and after much 
reasoning upon it, the further consideration of it deferred till the afternoon. 
Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 



* " At a committee of the Synod met at Hanover, July 26th, 1738, according to appoint- 
ment of Synod, ubi post preces sederunt : Messrs. Jedidiah Andrews, Gilbert Tennent, 
William Tennent, jun'r. John Cross, David Cowell, and Richard Treat. Ministers of the 
committee absent: Messrs. Samuel Blair, Eleazer Wales, and Aar on B urr. Mr. Andrews 
chosen moderator, Mr. Treat, clerk. Mr. Gilbert Tennent openecHne committee by a 
sermon, Ezek. xi. 19. 

" The committee in order to lay a clear foundation to go upon, thought proper to read 
and consider the minutes of the Synod in relation to the affair; and after that was done 
the moderator proceeded to inquire into the matter they were come about, and asked the 
people of West-Hanover, whether their circumstances were altered for the belter since 
the casting of the lot, and it was answered by some of them in the hearing and behalf of 
the whole, that they were much increased as to number of persons in their society, and 
that they were near one half abler than they were. Which representation was not con- 
tradicted nor disproved by any, and plainly appeared to the committee to be the truth of 
their case. A paper also was brought in by Mr. Kitchell and some others, in behalf of 
the eastern part, as their committee, setting forth their weakness, and expressing their de- 
sire of an union with their western bretkren, if it could be had upon reasonable terms. 
Upon which, that the committee might come to understand the real truth with respect 
to said eastern people, the moderator proceeded to interrogate Mr. Kitchell and others of 
said eastern part, about their affairs, and they informed the committee, that they were 
much stronger than when the lot was cast; that though it was hard with them for the 
present to fulfil their obligations to Mr. Nutman, yet they cannot but acknowledge they 
are in growing circumstances, and able to support of themselves. Adding withal, that 
it is their mind, and the mind of their Society, not to have an union with the whole of 
the western society but with a part only, and that if the committee should judge them to 
unite upon any of the former terms, covenants, and agreements, it would, to the destruc- 
tion of the whole, and be prejudicial to the interest of religion among them. Where- 
upon the committee came unanimously to form their judgment after the following man- 
ner, viz : That according as things are represented to them, and as they appear, they 
cannot but judge, 

" ] . That the former obligations of said people, by virtue of the lot formerly cast among 
them, are now impracticable. 

" 2. That the end of the said lot will be much better answered by their being two 
separate societies, than by being united into one, as formerly was desired and proposed. 

"3. That therefore we judge said western people may be a separate society by them- 
selves. Furthermore, to prevent any disputes or difficulties between said western society 
and Basking-Ridge, it was proposed and agreed to, mutually by said people, that whoso- 
ever were desirous of going from the congregation to which they belong to the other, 
shall have liberty so to do, provided they pay off all their respective debts due to the 
society to which they have belonged. 

" The above determinations of the committee were published to the aforesaid people, 
and all parties expressed their entire satisfaction therein. Concluded with prayer." 



144 MINUTES OF THE 

Horn Stia. P. M. post preces sederunt qui supra. 
Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 
The affair of the fund continued. 

The affair of New-Brunswick Presbytery reassumed, and after much rei 
soning upon it, the further consideration of it deferred till to-morrow morning 
Adjourned till to-morrow morning, at nine of the clock. 
Concluded with prayer. 

26th day, at nine o'clock, post preces, sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

The affair of the fund continued, and Ordered, That the committee for th 
fund meet next Monday, at ten of the clock, and prepare said affair to b 
brought into the Synod at the next session. 

The New-Brunswick Presbytery having brought a paper of objection 
againstthe act made last year, touching the previous examination of candidates 
the Synod consented to review that act, and upon deliberation agreed to th 
following overture, which they substitute in the room of it, viz : It being th 
first article in our excellent Directory for the examination of the candidates c 
the sacred ministry, that they be inquired of, what degrees they have taken i 
the university, &c. And it being oftentimes impracticable for us in thes 
remote parts of the earth, to obtain an answer to these questions, of those wh 
propose themselves to examination, many of our candidates not having er 
joyed the advantage of a university education, and it being our desire to com 
to the nearest conformity to the incomparable prescriptions of the Directory 
that our circumstances will admit of, and after long deliberation of the mos 
proper expedients to comply with the intentions of the Directory, where w 
cannot exactly fulfil the letter of it ; the Synod agree and determine, tha 
every person who proposes himself to trial as a candidate for the ministry, ami 
who has not a diploma, or the usual certificates from an European or Ne\ 
England university, shall be examined by the whole Synod, or its commis 
sion, as to these preparatory studies which we generally pass through at th 
college, and if they find him qualified, they shall give him a certificate, whic; 
shall be received by our respective Presbyteries as equivalent to a diploma o 
certificate from the college. This we trust will have a happy tendency I 
prevent unqualified men from creeping in among us, and answer, in the bes 
manner our present circumstances are capable of, the design which our Direc 
tory has in view, and to which by inclination and duty, we are all bound t( 
comply to our utmost ability. This was agreed to by a great majority. 

Adjourned till Monday next, at three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer 

28 day. Hord tertia, P. M. post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

The committee for the fund met according to appointment, but not havin< 
accomplished said affair, the Synod appoints said committee to meet to-mor 
row, at eight of the clock. 

Mr. Gilbert Tennent protested in behalf of himself and such as should j oil 
with him, viz: William Tennent, sen'r. William Tennent. jun'r. Samue 
Blair, Eleazer Wales, Charles Tennent, ministers. Thomas Worthinsrton 
David Chambers, William McCrea, John Weir, elders; against the above- 
mentioned act respecting the trial of candidates. 

The act made last year with respect to ministers preaching out of their owr 
bounds, being taken under a review, the Synod determine, that if any ministej 
in the bounds of any of our Presbyteries, judge that the preaching of any 
minister or candidate of a neiffhbourin<r Presbvterv in any congregation, has 



SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 145 

ment of a gospel ministry, in that case he shall complain to the Presbytery in 
whose bounds the said congregation is, and that the minister who is supposed 
to be the cause of the foresaid division, shall be obliged to appear before them, 
and it shall be left to them to determine whether he shall preach any more in 
the bounds of that congregation, and he shall be bound to stand to their deter- 
mination, until they shall see cause to remove their prohibition, or the Synod 
shall have opportunity to take the affair under cognizance. Approved nemine 
contradicente. 

Mr. Anderson reports, that in compliance with an order of Synod last year, 
lie had waited upon the Governor of Virginia with the Synod's address, and 
read a favourable answer, the substance of which is contained in a letter from 
the governor to the moderator of the Synod, which is as follows: 

" Sir: By the hands of Mr. Anderson I received an address signed by you, 
in the name of your brethren of the Synod of Philadelphia. And as I have 
been always inclined to favour the people who have lately removed from other 
provinces, to settle on the western side of our great mountains ; so you may 
be assured, that no interruption shall be given to any minister of your profes- 
sion who shall come among them, so as they conform themselves to the rules 
prescribed by the act of toleration in England, by taking the oaths enjoined 
thereby, and registering the places of their meeting, and behave themselves 
peaceably towards the government. This you may please to communicate to 
the Synod as an answer of theirs. Your most humble servant, 

" William Gooch. 

" Williamsburg, November 4th, 17S8." 

Messrs. Conn, Cross, and Orme, gave the reasons why they did not go to 
Virginia, which were sustained. 

Mr. Anderson reports that his journey to Virginia cost fifteen pounds, which 
the Synod allows out of the fund, and does approve his conduct in the whole 
affair. 

Ordered, That the committee consider what is to be done further in the 
Virginia affair. And the committee returned Mr. Anderson thanks for what 
he hath done in it. 

The revisers of the Presbytery book of Brunswick, offered several objec- 
tions against said book, the consideration of which deferred till to-morrow 
morning. 

The Presbyteiy book of Philadelphia brought in and approved. 

A reference from the Presbytery of Philadelphia, and the designed new 
erection at Hopewell and Maidenhead was brought in, and after reading some 
papers, the further consideration of it deferred till to-morrow morning. 

Adjourned till ten of the clock, to-morrow morning. 

Concluded with prayer. 

29th day. Hard decima, A. M. post preces sederunt qui supra. 
Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 
The committee for the fund met according to appointment. 
The account of the fund brought in, and it appears that there is antecedent 
to any disbursements to be made this year. 

Principal - 
Interest due, - 
Cash in bank, 

In all, .... £599 14 10i 
It appearing by the Presbytery book of New Brunswick, that notwith- 
standing the Synod's agreement last year, that no candidate for the ministry 
13 



£ s. 


d. 


517 4 


m 


46 12 


9 


35 17 


2| 



146 MINUTES OF THE 

who has had a private education, should be admitted to trials, in order to 
licensed to preach the gospel by any Presbytery within our bounds, until su 
candidate's learning were previously examined by a committee appointed i 
that purpose, that the Presbytery of New-Brunswick have admitted to tri; 
and licensed Mr. John Rowland to preach the gospel without his submitti 
to such preparatory examination as was appointed. The Synod do therefc 
judge the proceedings of the said Presbytery of New-Brunswick to be ve 
disorderly, and do admonish the said Presbytery to avoid such divisive cours 
for the future ; and do determine not to admit the said Mr. Rowland to 
a preacher of the gospel within our bounds, nor encourage any of our peoj 
to accept him until he submit to such examinations as were appointed by tl 
Synod for those that have had a private education. 

This overture carried in the affirmative by a great majority. 

There being a reference made by the Presbytery of Philadelphia of sor 
difficulties brought before them by some of the people of Hopewell a: 
Maidenhead, and a complaint made to the Synod by some of the said peoj 
against the said Presbytery, the Synod do judge that the said people have 1 
haved with great indecency towards their Presbytery, by their unmannei 
reflections, and unjust aspersions, both upon the Synod and the Presbytei 
and that they have acted very disorderly in improving Mr. Rowland as 
preacher among them, when they were advised by the Presbytery that 
was not to be esteemed and improved as an orderly candidate of the ministi 
and the Synod do wholly disallow the said complainants being erected into 
new congregation until they do first submit the determination of the pla 
for erecting a new meeting-house to their Presbytery, as was formerly agre 
between them and their neighbours, as a condition of their being a sepan 
congregation. 

This overture was approved by a great majority. 

And it is further ordered by the Synod, That when the Presbytery of Ph 
adelphia meet at Hopewell and Maidenhead, to fix the place of a new me 
ing-house, they shall call the following correspondents : Messrs. John Pii 
son, John Nutman, Samuel Blair, Aaron Burr, Nathaniel Hubbell, and El( 
zar Wales. 

Adjourned till two o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

Hora sccunda. P. M. Post preces, sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

The committee appointed by the Synod to consider the controversy I 
tween Mr. Gilbert Tennent and Mr. David Cowell, brought in the followi 
overture, which being read, the Synod had the great satisfaction to find t 
contending parties fully agreed in their sentiments upon the point in conti 
versy, according to the doctrine contained in the said overture, viz. Thou; 
they apprehend that there are some incautious and unguarded expressio 
used by both the contending parties, yet they have ground to hope that t 
principal controversy between them flows from their not having clear ideas 
the subject they so earnestly debate about, and not from any dangerous errc 
they entertain, since they both own that the glory of God is the ultimate e: 
of all things ; and as the point under debate concerns an important doctrine 
religion, we would take liberty to express our minds with respect to it in 
few words, which we hope will be agreeable to the sentiments of the Sync 
and readily agreed to by the parties concerned in this dispute. We apprehei 
that the glory of God was the only motive that influenced him to all his ext< 
nal operations. For since nothing else had an existence, nothing certain 
could influence him from without himself. By his glory declarative. \ 
mean the manifestation of his essential and adorable perfections for the grc 



* 



SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 147 

and excellent ends he designed in this manifestation. It is the indispensable 
duty of every creature, according to its utmost capacity, to aim at the same 
end which the blessed God has in view, and to endeavour to direct all his ac- 
tions unto it. The method in which the Great God has required us to prose- 
cute this end is by a conformity to his image, and example, and a sincere and 
universal obedience to his laws. In his infinite and astonishing grace he has 
been pleased inseparably to connect our happiness with the prosecution of 
this end. This obedience which we are to pay to the Divine law, and by 
which alone we can glorify him, must be performed by us, not only because 
it is the way to happiness, but because it is infinitely just and reasonable in 
itself, agreeable to the blessed God, whom we are under indissoluble obliga- 
tions to obey, and carry on the same designs which he has been pleased to pro- 
pose in all his actions. And these designs of the glory of God, and our own 
happiness, are so inseparably connected that they must never be placed in op- 
position to each other. For in all cases, he that actively glorifies God pro- 
motes his own happiness, and by a conformity to the Divine statutes and laws, 
which is the only way to happiness, we, in the best manner we are capable, 
glorify God. 

The case of the people of Norrington being represented to the Synod, for 
supplies for the ensuing year, the Synod appointed Messrs. Boyd, Black, 
Houston, and Alexander, to supply them every third Sabbath until next 
Synod. 

An overture for erecting a school, or seminary of learning, being brought in 
by the committee, the Synod unanimously approved the design of it, and in 
order to the accomplishing it did nominate Messrs. Pemberton, Dickinson, 
Cross, and Anderson, two of which, if they can be prevailed upon, to be sent 
home to Europe to prosecute this affair with proper directions. And in order 
to this, it is appointed that the commission of the Synod, with correspondents 
from every Presbytery, meet at Philadelphia the third Wednesday of August 
next. And if it be found necessary, that Mr. Pemberton should go to Boston 
pursuant to this design, it is ordered, that the Presbytery of New York sup- 
ply his pulpit during his absence. 

Mr. Hamilton Bell having offered himself to examination, the Synod ap- 
points their commission, together with any other members they think fit, to 
meet to-morrow, at nine o'clock, for that purpose. 

A petition from Thomas Clark was presented to the Synod, and it is recom- 
mended to all the ministers within our bounds, to whom he shall apply, to do 
what they think expedient for his relief. 

An overture was presented to the Synod from Mr. Thomas Evans, which 
is ordered to be kept in retentis till the next Synod. 

Adjourned till the fourth Wednesday of May next, and then to meet at 
Philadelphia, at three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

The Synod met according to appointment, 

Philadelphia, May 28th, 1740. Ubi post preces sederunt, 

Ministers of the Presbytery of New York: Messrs. Jonathan Dickinson, 
Walter Wilmot, Aaron Burr, John Nutman, John Pierson, Simon Horton, 
Joseph Houston. Absent: Ebenezer Pemberton, Joseph Webb, Nathaniel 
Hubbell, Silas Leonard, Isaac Chalker. 

Donegall Presbytery: Messrs. James Anderson, John Thomson, Adam 
Boyd, Alexander Craighead, John Elder, Richard Zanchy, Samuel Cavin, 
Samuel Black. Absent: Samuel Thomson, David Alexander, William Ber- 
tram. 

New Castle Presbytery: Messrs. George Gillespie, Robert Calhcari, 



148 MINUTES OF THE 



Charles Tennent, Francis Alison, Samuel Blair, Hugh Conn, Alexanc 
Hutchinson. Absent: Thomas Evans, John Orme. 

Lewes Presbytery: Messrs. James Martin, Robert Jamison, HughCarli 
Absent: Hugh Stevenson, Patrick Glascow. 

Philadelphia Presbytery : Messrs. Jedidiah Andrews, Robert Cross, W 
liam Tennent, David Evans, David Covvell, Francis McHenry, Richard Tre 
Absent: Messrs. Elmer, Morgan, Goold. 

New-Brunswick Presbytery: Messrs. Gilbert Tennent, Eleazer Wal 
John Cross. 

Elders present: Joseph Woodruff, Joseph Riggs, John Odel, John Alisc 
James Montgomery, Daniel Henderson, Robert Matthews, Thomas Fern 
James Swain, John Hamilton, Joseph Steel, Hugh Lion, John Steel, Jan 
Perry, James Cockran, William Gray, John Cross, Cornel Winekoop, Jan 
Miller, William Emmitt, Richard Walker, James McCoy, Robert Cummin; 
John Howey. 

Mr. Anderson, the moderator of the Synod last year, opened the Synod 
a sermon on Gal. v. 15. 

Mr. Pierson chosen moderator, and Mr. Treat clerk. 

Adjourned till to-morrow morning at nine o'clock, precisely. 

Concluded with prayer. 

29 day, at nine o^ clock, Ji. M. post preces, sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

It is reported that Mr. George Philips, of the Presbytery of New Yoj 
and Mr. Paul, of the Presbytery of Donegal!, are dead since last Synod. 

Ordered, That the last year's minutes be read. 

Mr. Bertram, Mr. Glascow, Mr. Alexander, Mr. Orme, excused for th 
absence. 

Messrs. Thomson, Andrews, Dickinson, Boyd, Anderson, Gillespie, Rob 
Cross, Martin, Gilbert Tennent, Treat, Alison, and the moderator, ministe] 
and Joseph Woodroof, John Alison, John Steel, John Cross, Robert Cu: 
mings, Eiders, appointed a committee for the fund, and any other business t 
Synod shall recommend to them. 

The Presbytery books of New York, Donegall, and New-Brunswk 
forgot. 

Mr. Hutchinson and Mr. Houston, appointed to revise the Presbytery bo 
of Philadelphia; Mr. Cowell and Mr. Jamison, the Presbytery book of N* 
Castle; Mr William Tennent, jun'r. and Mr. Blair, the Presbytery book 
Lewes. 

Inquiry being made who had brought collections for the fund, and it w 
found that there was something brought by Messrs. Dickinson, Burr, Piersc 
Horton, Thomson, Boyd, Craighead, Elder, Zanchy, Black, Gillespie, Cat 
cart, Alison, Blair, Martin, Jamison, Andrews, Cross, Cowell, and Treat, 

Messrs. Andrews, Thomson, Anderson, Gillespie, Dickinson, Pembertc 
Robert Cross, Blair, Treat, Alison, Boyd, Martin, Gilbert Tennent, and t 
moderator, to be the commission of the Synod for the year ensuing, with elde 
if they have occasion to meet, and that any five of the ministers be a quorui 

It is reported that Mr, Francis McHenry, Mr. Samuel Cavin, and ^\ 
Samuel Thomson, were, after the usual trials, ordained since last Synod, ai 
that they did all of them adopt the Westminster Confession, Sic. according 
the order of the Synod. 

Ordered, That an account of the fund be brought in before the Syni 
break up. 

The affair of Leacock deferred. 



SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 149 

Upon reading over the minutes of the last year, the act about the previous 
trial of candidates for the ministry, which has been the occasion of much de- 
bate in the Synod, and protested against by some of the brethren, came under 
consideration, upon which a paper was brought in and read, containing pro- 
posals for accommodating of the said unhappy debates. Which being new to 
the Synod, they resolved, that in compliance with the desire of several other 
members of the Synod, as well as the protesting brethren, each of them should 
have a copy of the proposals to consider of till to-morrow morning. 

The other act, relating to ministers preaching within the bounds of other 
Presbyteries than that to which he or they do belong, coming in course to be 
considered, the Synod agree to defer any debates about that matter till the pre- 
ceding affair be issued. 

Upon reading that minute, concerning that debate between Messrs. Gilbert 
Tennent and David Cowell, and the judgment of the committee of the Synod 
upon it, Mr. Tennent seeming dissatisfied with the committee's management 
in that debate, requested that the thing might be considered by the Synod ; 
the consideration thereof was deferred. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 



At three o 1 'clock, P. M. post preces, sederunt qui supra. 

The minutes of the last sederunt ordered to be read.. 

The affair of the fund continued. 

The affair of Leacock deferred. 

The commission of the Synod did meet last year according to appointment, 
in order to conclude upon a method for prosecuting the overture respecting the 
erecting a seminary of learning. The minutes of that proceeding were read, 
and although herein it is found, that they concluded upon calling the whole 
Synod together as necessary in that affair; yet the war breaking out between 
England and Spain, the calling of the Synod was omitted, and the whole affair 
laid aside for that time.* 



* The commission of the Synod met according- to appointment. 

Philadelphia y August L5th 1739. Ubipost preces sederunt, 

Ministers : Messrs. Jedidiah Andrews, James Anderson, John Thomson, Adam Boyd 
Robert Cross, James Martin, Richard Treat. 

Correspondents : Messrs. Cathcart, Alison, and Black. 

Members of the commission absent : Messrs. Dickinson, Pemberton, Gillespie, Pierson. 
Thomas Evans, Gilbert Tennent. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the Synod relating- to our present meeting be read. 

Several members of tbe commission who are now absent, being expected this evening, 
the commission without entering upon business, adjourned till to-morrow morning, at nine 
of the clock. Concluded with prayer. 

16th day, at nine of the clock. Post pteces, sederunt qui supra. 

Together with Messrs. David Evans and Jamison, correspondents. 

Mr. Pemberton sent a letter with the reasons of his absence, which were sustained. 

The affair of the overture brought in last Synod,, that gave occasion for our present 
meeting, was taken under consideration, and after much reasoning upon it, the commis- 
sion unanimously concluded to enter on said affair ; but previous to any particular steps 
to be fallen upon in order thereto, it was agreed to ask counsel of God by appointing one 
of their number to pray, which was done by appointing Mr. Evans to that service. Upor. 
which they proceeded to inquire what they should do, and because of the weight 
of the affair in hand, they agreed to defer the main inquiries till the afternoon. But 
as. preliminary thereto, do judge it to be the most reasonable and probable method to 
accomplish the good design of said overture, to apply to the several congregations within 
13* 



150 MINUTES OF THE 

Upon reading over the minutes respecting the result of the controversy b 
tween Mr. Gilbert Tennent and Mr. Co well, Mr. Tennent moved for tl 
revising that affair, and that the papers might be read that concern that debat 
Which motion of Mr. Tennent's, after much debate about it, was put to tl 
vote, whether it should be complied with or not, and it passed in the negatr 
by a great majority. 

Adjourned till nine o'clock to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer 

30 day, at nine o'clock, Ji. M. post preces, sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

The account of the fund not yet brought in. 

The affair between the Synod and the brethren dissatisfied with the act 
last Synod, which, according to order of yesterday, was to be brought und 
consideration this session, deferred till next sederunt. 

The affair of Leacock reassumed. Whereas a matter of controversy b 
tween the people of Leacock and Pequea, was appointed last Synod to 1 



our bounds for their concurrence and assistance in the affair, and that a letter of addre 
be sent to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland for their assistance. Accoi 
ingly Mr. Andrews was appointed to draw up the said letter to the General Assemfc 
before mentioned, and Mr. Thomson to draw up the letter to our congregations, to 
brought in next sederunt. 

Adjourned to four o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

Hora quarta, P.M. Post preces, sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

Messrs. Andrews and Thomson, brought in the letters according to appointment. 

The affair of the overture respecting the erecting a school of learning, reassumed, a 
the commission, after some further consideration of it, weighing the importance of t 
matter, and considering the small number of members now present, together with the ma: 
preparatory letters and instructions that are necessary for such an undertaking, as goi: 
to Europe for assistance, according to the unanimous judgment of the Synod, will ] 
quire, they do now with one consent judge it most advisable to defer doing any more 
said affair at present, but leave it to the consideration and determination of the wh< 
Synod, and accordingly agree to call the Synod together, to meet at Philadelphia the h 
Wednesday of September next, and enjoin the members present to inform their respecti 
Presbyteries of this appointment; and that the moderator send letters to the Presbyteri 
of New York and New-Brunswick, ordering their attendance at the time appointed. A 
the commission further orders, that Messrs. Andrews, Cross, and Treat, do prepare wt 
addresses, letters, credentials, or other instruments may be proper against the meeting 
the Synod. And further, that a letter be remitted to Dr. Cohnan, to be communicat 
to our reverend brethren in Boston, earnestly desiring their concurrence and assistan 
in this affair, and that said letter be inclosed in one to Mr. Pemberton to be forwarded 
him. Ordered, That the moderator preach at the opening of the Synod. 

An affair relating to the people of Pilesgrove and Deerfield, was, by the Presbytery 
Philadelphia, referred to the decision of the commission; and the commission havi; 
heard the representatives of said people, pro and con, and having received what light t 
Presbytery of Philadelphia could give in the said affair, they for some time reasoned a 
debated upon it, and at length came to the following resolution : That inasmuch as t 
inhabitants of Pilesgrove have long borne a burden, and met with great discouragemei 
in their endeavours to have the gospel settled among them, though we cannot, howevi 
but lament that their house for public worship, which they are about, is not to be sit 
ated more conveniently and to greater satisfaction of Deerfield; yet since the represeni 
tive from the congregation of Deerfield, and the representative of Pilesgrove, seemed fi 
merly agreed, that without detriment to either congregation, the people of Pilesgro 
might build their house where they now are at work, and since the Presbytery aeeor 
ingly encouraged them to build there, the commission unanimously agree to confirm the 
sentence in favour of Pilesgrove. Concluded with prayer. 



SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 151 

determined by a committee, which by order of Synod, were to meet upon the 
place, and all the members except two that were appointed, for reasons now 
given and sustained, failed of attending on said affair, so that nothing was done 
in it, and the people of Leacock yet thinking themselves aggrieved by the 
judgment of the Presbytery of Donegall, they now moved the Synod to judge 
in that affair; and after reading some papers, and hearing all that was offered 
in the matter, the Synod unanimously judges as follows: That inasmuch as 
Leacock is a congregation by allowance of their own Presbytery, and the 
meeting-house erected and complained of is at as great a distance from those 
of Pequea as can conveniently accommodate them of Leacock, that, therefore, 
the new erection of Leacock shall stand, and said congregation be entitled to 
supplies to said meeting-house from Donegall Presbytery equal to other vacan- 
cies within their bounds. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

At three o'clock, P. M. post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

The affair of the fund continued. 

The affair between the Synod and the brethren dissatisfied with the act last 
year, came under consideration, and the protesting brethren declaring their 
dissatisfaction with the proposals for accommodation that were laid before 
them; the Synod therefore still desiring that that unhappy difference may 
be accommodated, recommended it to any brethren of the Synod to consider 
any further expedient to that end, to be brought in the next sederunt. 

Adjourned to nine o'clock to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 

31 day, at nine o'clock. A. M. Post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

The affair of the fund continued. 

The affair between the Synod and the protesting brethren reassumed, and 
an overture was brought in by one of the brethren as an expedient to accom- 
modate the difference that has arisen and yet subsists on account of an act of 
last year, and much discourse was had upon it. 

It was first agreed by all the members, the protesting brethren as well as 
others, that the Synod are proper judges of the qualifications of their own 
members. But the protesting brethren thought the inserting that agreement 
into our minutes unnecessary. 

The uncomfortable debate about the agreement of the Synod last year, to 
bring under the examination of the Synod, such persons as have had a private 
education in order to the sacred ministry, being reassumed, it was put to the 
vote whether the said agreement should be repeated or continued till some 
other expedient could be found that will answer the design of that agreement 
to the Synod's satisfaction, and it was voted that it shall continue at present. 

The protesting brethren renewing their former protest against the present 
proceeding, the following members joined with them in their protestation, viz : 
Messrs. John Cross, Alexander Craighead, Robert Cummins, John Henry, 
James Cockran, William Emmitt, James Miller, Richard Walker, James 
McKoy, Robert Matthews, Daniel Henderson, Joseph Steel, Hugh Lynn, 
George Gillespie, and Alexander Hutchinson, desired their dissent might be 
entered. 

Ordered, That the committee for the fund meet at three o'clock this after- 
noon. 

Adjourned to ten o'clock on Monday morning. Concluded with prayer. 



152 MINUTES OF THE 

June Id, at ten o'clock, Jl. M. post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

The affair of the fund continued. 

An overture was brought in upon the two late acts in order to explain the 
which is as follows : The Synod having the last year, nemine contradicen 
come into an agreement, that no minister shall preach out of the bounds 
his Presbytery in any congregation, after his being warned by the Prest 
tery, in whose bounds such congregation is, that his preaching there is a car 
of division in the congregation, and that he is therefore to desist, which v, 
agreed to in order to prevent divisions in our congregations: But finding tl 
some of our brethren are now dissatisfied with that agreement, and that it 
wrong interpreted and misunderstood by many of our people, as though 
was calculated to prevent itinerant preaching: The Synod do now decla 
that they never thought of opposing, but do heartily rejoice in the labours 
the ministry in other places besides their own particular charge. And tl 
they may not give any umbrage to the contrary, they do now repeal tl 
agreement, and do agree that our ministers shall, in that respect, condi 
themselves as though it had never been. And to obviate all misrepresentatio 
that are like to be made of our agreement the last year, to bring such cam 
dates of the ministry under the examination of the Synod, or the commissi 
of the Synod, as to their proficiency in human learning, who have had a p 
vate education, the Synod declare, that they do not thereby call in questi 
the power of subordinate Presbyteries to ordain ministers, but only assert thi 
own right to judge of the qualifications of their own members. And thou: 
they do not deny but that such as are brought into the ministry contrary to tl 
agreement may be truly gospel ministers, yet inasmuch as they cannot t 
think that agreement needful to be insisted on in order to the well-being 
this part of the Church of Christ, they cannot admit them when so broug 
into the ministry to be members of this Synod, until they submit to the sa 
agreement, though they do consent, that they be in all other respects treat 
and considered as ministers of the gospel, any thing that may be otherwi 
construed in any of our former proceedings, notwithstanding. 

Two expedients for peace were proposed to answer the end of the act f 
preserving learning by examination for candidates, which were taken mid 
consideration till the next sederunt. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 



M three o'clock, P. M. met according to appointment. Ubi post prect 
sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

The affair of the fund continued. 

The further consideration of the abovesaid overture deferred. There beii 
two representations brought into the Synod by Mr. Blair and Mr. Gilbe 
Tennent, representing many defects in our ministry that are matter of greo 
est lamentation if chargeable upon our members: The Synod do thereto 
solemnly admonish all the ministers within their bounds, seriously to consid« 
the weight of their charge, and, as they will answer it at the great day 
Christ, to take care to approve themselves to God, in the instances complain* 
of. And the Synod do recommend it to the several Presbyteries to take ca 
of their several ministers in these particulars. 

A supplication came into the Synod from the congregations of Tinnicffl 
and Newtown respectively, desiring to be dismissed from the Presbytery i 



SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 153 

Philadelphia, and to be joined to the Presbytery of New-Brunswick, and it 
was readily granted. 

Adjourned to the fourth Wednesday of May next, then to meet at Phila- 
delphia at three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer.* 

The Synod met according to appointment, 

Philadelphia, May the 27th, 1741. Ubi post preces sederunt, 

Ministers, members of the Presbytery of New Castle : Messrs. George Gil- 
lespie, Robert Cathcart, Charles Tennent, Francis Alison, Alexander Hutch- 
inson, Samuel Blair. Absent: Mr. Thomas Evans. 

Members of the Presbytery of Lewes, ministers present: Messrs. James 
Martin, and Robert Jamison. Absent: Messrs. Hugh Carlile, Patrick Glas- 
cow, Hugh Stevenson. 

Presbytery of Philadelphia, ministers present: Messrs. Jedidiah Andrews, 
Robert Cross, Daniel Elmer, Francis Mctlenry, Richard Treat, William 
Tennent. 

New Brunswick Presbytery, ministers present: Messrs. Eleazer Wales, 
Gilbert Tennent, William Tennent. Absent: Mr. John Cross. 

Members of Donegall Presbytery present: Messrs. John Thomson, Adam 
Boyd, John Elder, Richard Zanchy, Samuel Cavin, Samuel Thomson, John 
Craig, Alexander Craighead, David Alexander. 

New York Presbytery absent. 



* At a meeting of the commission of the Synod, 

June 3d, 1740. Ubi post preces sederunt, 

Mr. John Pierson Moderator of the Synod, Messrs. John Thomson, Robert Cross, 
George Gillespie, and Jedidiah Andrews. 

The account of the fund was brought in; and it appears before any disbursements 
made this year, that there was as follows : 

Principal, .... 
Interest due, ... 
Cash, 

Total, .... £563 7 7* 

Memorandum : That a bond of Mr. Paul's deed of twelve pounds, which is no part of 
the above sum, was remitted to his widow. 
Grants from the fund by the Synod this year : 

To the Treasurer, ... 6 

To the Janitor, - - - 1 

To Mr. Glen, .... 5 

To Turkey, 6 

A supplication was brought in by Abraham Scott and John Kirkpatrick, in the name 
of a party at Nottingham, requesting that they might be dismissed from the Presbytery 
of Donegall, for reasons therein contained. The commission having considered the affair, 
thought fit to remit it to the consideration of the next Synod. 

Representatives from Norrington desired supplies, and the commission being desirous 
to do all they could for them, appointed Mr. Boyd to supply them once a quarter, and to 
come to them the first time the first Sabbath of August ; Mr. Cowell once a quarter, be- 
ginning the first Sabbath of July ; Mr. McHenry once a quarter, beginning the first 
Sabbath of September ; and Mr. Black once a quarter, beginning the first Sabbath of 
November. This to be done till next Synod. The ministers in town to help them as 
they can. 

A letter from Dr. Colman, of Boston, to the Synod was read, wherein he, in the name 
of the associated brethren there, assures the Synod of their readiness to concur with the 
Synod in their laudable proposal of erecting a school or seminary of learning in these 
parts. And it is ordered that Mr. Andrews write to the Doctor, and the said associated 
brethren on that head. 

Ordered, That five pounds and ten shillings be given on a pious design. 



£ 


s. 


d. 


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X54 MINUTES OF THE 

Elders present: John Richy, William McColloch, William Gray, Jo 
than Fithian, Robert Porter, John Swansey, James Carr, Robert McKnig 
Francis Alexander, Abednego Thomas, Alexander McKnight, John McCo 
John Ramsey, William McCrey, Robert Craig, Robert Rowland, Rich 
Walker. David Chambers. 

Mr. Pierson, the last year's moderator, not being present, Mr. Andre 
opened the Synod with a sermon on Mar. ix. 24. 

Mr. Andrews chosen moderator, and Mr. Boyd clerk. 

Adjourned till nine o'clock to-morrow morning. Concluded with pra) 

28 day. At nine o'clock, met according to appointment. Ubi post pre 
sederunt qui supra. 

Objections being made against some members sitting in Synod, the Syi 
entered upon the consideration of that affair, and especially in reference to ] 
Craighead, and after much discourse upon it, and a paper of Mr. CraigheE 
being read, the Synod deferred the further consideration of that affair till 
afternoon. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

M three o'clock, P. M. post preces, sederunt qui supra 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last session should be read. 

A supplication from Middle Octorara congregation containing chai 
against Mr. John Thomson, being presented and read, and after much < 
course upon it, the Synod agreed that Mr. Thomson have a copy of the s 
supplication, and that his Presbytery shall, with all possible expedition, ju 
of that affair. 

The affair of Mr. Craighead reassumed. Mr. Craighead presented anot 
paper, which was read, and after debating on that business, the Synod agr 
that this and the former paper be perused by the Donegall Presbytery, in 
der to prepare for trial against to-morrow in the afternoon. 

Adjourned till to-morrow at nine o'clock. Concluded with prayer. 

29th, at nine o'clock. Post preces, sederunt qui supra 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

Since our last meeting it pleased God in his providence to remove by de; 
our dear brethren Mr. James Anderson, of the Presbytery of Donegall, 
Mr. Joseph Houston, of the Presbytery of New York. 

Mr. Samuel Thomson, Mr. Patrick Glascow, Mr. Alexander, 'and Mr. I 
tram were absent last year, and having given or sent reasons of their abser 
are excused; as also Mr. David Evans. 

Inasmuch as Mr. Stevenson has from time to time, and for years past, 
glected attending on our judicatures, and also omitted his ministry with 
giving us any reasons for his said conduct, it is therefore agreed, that 
name shall be struck out of our records, till he come before us and give an 
count of his proceedings. 

Mr. Goold is removed out of the bounds of our Synod. 

The choosing a committee, and other business for the fund, deferred. 

Messrs. Hutchinson and Blair appointed to revise the Presbytery boo! 
Philadelphia; Messrs. Martin and Jamison the Presbytery book of Done£ 
The Presbytery books of New York, New Brunswick, New Castle, 
Lewes, are not brought. 

Inquiry being made who had brought collections for the fund, it was to 
that there was something brought by Messrs. Gillespie, Blair, Jamison, . 
drews, William Tennent, senior, Elder, Zanchy, and Samuel Thomson. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 



SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 155 

At three o'clock, P. M. according to appointment, post preces sederunt 
qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

The Presbytery of Donegall, as appointed, begun their reply to Mr. Craig- 
Lead's paper in several particulars, but being late it's deferred till to-morrow 
lorning, at nine o'clock. Concluded with prayer. 

30 day. At nine o'clock, met according to appointment. Ubi post pre- 
ces, sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

The above affair continued, and a great deal of discourse maintained upon 
t. The Synod defer the further consideration thereof. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. on Monday next. Concluded with 
grayer. 

June 1. At three o'clock, P. M. Post preces, sederunt qui supra, 
Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 
A protestation was brought in by Mr. Cross, read, and signed by several 
members, which is kept in retenlis.* 



* A Protestation presented to the Synod, June 1, 1741. 
Reverend Fathers and Brethren, 

We, the ministers of Jesus Christ, and members of the Synod of Philadelphia, being- 
wounded and grieved at our very hearts, at the dreadful divisions, distractions, and con- 
vulsions, which all of a sudden have seized this infant church to such a degree, that un- 
less He, who is King in Zion, do graciously and seasonably interpose for our relief, she 
is in no small danger of expiring outright, and that quickly, as to the form, order, and 
constitution, of an organized church, which hath subsisted for above these thirty years 
past, in a very great degree of comely order and sweet harmony, until of late. We say,, 
we being deeply afflicted with these things which lie heavy on our spirits, and being sen- 
sible that it is our indispensable duty to do what lies in our power, in a lawful way, ac- 
cording to the light and direction of the inspired oracles, to preserve this swooning church 
from a total expiration : And after the deliberate and unprejudiced inquiry into the causes 
of these confusions which rage so among us, both ministers and people, we evidently see- 
ing, and being fully persuaded in our judgments, that, besides our misimprovement of, 
and unfruitfulness under, gospel 1 ght, liberty, and privileges, that great decay of practi- 
cal godliness in the life and power of it, and many abounding immoralities; we say, be- 
sides these, our sins, which we judge to be the meritorious cause of our present doleful 
distractions, the awful judgment we at present groan under, we evidently see that our 
protesting brethren and their adherents, were the direct and proper cause thereof, by 
their unwearied, unscripturai, antipresbyterial, uncharitable, divisive practices, which 
they have been pursuing, with all the industry they were capable of, with any probabil- 
ity of success, for above these twelve months past especially, besides too much of the like 
practices for some years before, though not with such barefaced arrogance and boldness. 

And being fully convinced in our judgments, that it is our duty to bear testimony 
against these disorderly proceedings, according to our stations, capacity, and trust re- 
posed in us by our exalted Lord, as watchmen on the walls of his Zion, we having en- 
deavoured sincerely to seek counsel and direction from God, who hath promised to give 
wisdom to those that ask him in faith, yea, hath promised his Holy Spirit to lead his peo- 
ple and servants into all truth, and being clearly convinced in our consciences, that it is 
a duty called unto in this present juncture of affairs: 

Reverend Fathers and Brethren, we hereby humbly and solemnly protest, in the pre- 
sence of the great and eternal God, and his elect angels, as well as in the presence of all 
here present, and particularly to you, Reverend Brethren, in our own names, and in the 
names of all, both ministers and people, who shall adhere to us, as follows: 

1. We protest that it is the indispensable duty of this Synod, to maintain and stand by 
the principles of doctrine, worship, and government, of the Church of Christ, as the same 
are summed up in the Confession of Faith, Catechisms, and Directory, composed by the 
Westminster Assembly, as being agreeable to the word of God, and which this Synod 
have owned, acknowledged, and adopted, as may appear by our synodical records of the 
years 1729, 1736, which we desire to be read publicly. 

2. We protest that no person, minister or elder, should be allowed to sit and vote in 



156 MINUTES OF THE 

Upon this it was canvassed by the former protesting brethren, whether 
or we were to be looked upon as the Synod. We maintained that thej 
no right to sit whether they were the major or minor number. Then 
motioned that we should examine this point, and that the major number 



this Synod, who hath not received, adopted, or subscribed, the said Confessions, 
chisms, and Directory, as our Presbyteries respectively do, according to our last ex 
tion of the adopting' act; or who is either accused or convicted, or may be convicts 
fore this Synod, or any of our Presbyteries, of holding or maintaining any doctrii 
who act and persist in any practice, contrary to any of those doctrines, or rules coi 
ed in said Directory, or contrary to any of the known rights of Presbytery, or c 
made or agreed to by this Synod, and which stand yet unrepealed, unless, or un 
renounce such doctrine, and being found guilty, acknowledge, confess, and profe: 
sorrow for such sinful disorder, to the satisfaction of this Synod, or such inferior ji 
tory as the Synod shall appoint or empower for that purpose. 

3. We protest that all our protesting brethren have at present no right to sit anc 
as members of this Synod, having forfeited their right of being accounted members 
for many reasons, a few of which we shall mention afterwards. 

4. We protest that, if, notwithstanding of this our protestation, these brethren be z 
ed to sit and vote in this Synod, without giving suitable satisfaction to the Synod, anc 
ticularly to us, who now enter this protestation, and those who adhere to us in it 
whatsoever shall be done, voted, or transacted by them, contrary to our judgment, 
be of no force or obligation to us, being done and acted by a judicatory consisting ir 
of members who have no authority to act with us in ecclesiastical matters. 

5. We protest that, if, notwithstanding this our protestation, and contrary to the 
intent and meaning of it, these protesting brethren, and such as adhere to them, or 
port and countenance them in their antipresbyterial practices, shall continue to act as 
have done this last year, in that case we, and as many as have clearness to join wit 
and maintain the rights of this judicatory, shall be accounted in nowise disorder!} 
the true Presbyterian Church in this province; and they shall be looked upon as gui 
schism, and the breach of the rules of Presbyterial government, which Christ has t 
lished in his Church, which we are ready at all times to demonstrate to the world. 

Reverend and dear Brethren, we beseech you to hear us with patience, while w 
before you as briefly as we can, some of the reasons that move us thus to protest 
more particularly, why we protest against our protesting brethren's being allowed i 
as members of this Synod. 

1. Their heterodox and anarchical principles expressed in their Apology, pages t 
ty-eight and thirty-nine, where they expressly deny that Presbyteries have authori 
oblige their dissenting members, and that Synods should go any further, in judgi 
appeals or references. &c. than to give their best advice, which is plainly to dives 
officers and judicatories of Christ's kingdom of all authority, (and plainly contradict 
thirty-first article of our Confession of Faith, section three, which these brethren pr< 
to adopt,) agreeable to which is the whole superstructure of arguments which the; 
vance and maintain against not only our synodical acts, but also all authority to l 
any acts or orders that shall bind their dissenting members, throughout their v 
Apology. 

2. Their protesting against the Synod's act in relation to the examination of c; 
dates, together with their proceeding to license and ordain men to the ministry o 
gospel, in opposition to, and in contempt of, said act of Synod. 

3. Their making irregular irruptions upon the congregations to which they hav 
immediate relation, without order, concurrence, or allowance of the Presbyteri< 
ministers to which congregations belong, thereby sowing the seeds of division ar 
people, and doing what they can to alienate and fill their minds with unjust prejui 
against their lawfully called pastors. 

4. Their principles and practice of rash judging and condemning all who do no 
in with their measures, both ministers and people, as carnal, graceless, and enemi 
the work of God, and what not, as appears in Mr. Gilbert Tennent's sermon againsl 
converted ministers, and his and Mr. Blair's papers of May last, which were read in 
Synod ; which rash judging has been the constant practice of our protesting bretl 
and their irregular probationers, for above these twelve months past, in their disorc 
itinerations and preaching through our congregations, by which, (alas ! for it,) mo 
our congregations, through weakness and credulity, are so shattered and divided, 



SYXOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 157 

the Synod. They were found to be the minor party, and upon this 
withdrew. After this the Synod proceeded to business . 

Overtured, That every member of this Synod, whether minister or ej 
do sincerely and heartily receive, own, acknowledge, or subscribe, the ^ T 
minster Confession of Faith, and Larsrer and Short 31 date 



shaken in their principles, that few or none of us can say we enjoy the comfort, or have 
the success among our people, which otherwise we might, and which we enjoyed 
: : : : : e 

5. Their industriously persuading people to believe that the sail of God when 
calls men to the ministry, does not consist in their being regularly ordained are d ee 

to that work, according to the institution and rule? rf the — ord: but in some invisible 
motions and workings of the Spirit, which none can he 1 ibiiw jmmii :: BuJifc :: bat the 
person himself, and with respect to which he is liable to be deceived, or play the hypo- 
crite. That the gospel preached in truth by unconverted ministers, can be of no saving 
benefit to souls; and their pointing out such ministers, whom they condemn as gracelesi 
bv their rash judging spirit, they effectually Barry the point with the poor credulous peo- 
ple, who, in imitation of their example, and under their patrociny, judge their mi', 
to be graceless, and forsake :::_: ministers as hurtful rather than profi:: 

6. Their preaching the tenure of the law in such a ma nn er and dialect as has re _- ;. 
cedent in the word of God, but] be borrowed from a worse dialee: 

so industriously working on the passions and affections erf* weak minds, is :: Ganse the n 
to cry out in a hideous manner, and fall down in convulsion-like fits, to the marr 
the profiting both of themselves and others, who are s: taken up in seeing and hearing 
these odd symptoms, that they cannot attend to or hear what the preacher 
then, after all, boasting of these things as the w ark :: God, which we arepe. 
proceed from an inferior or worse cause. 

7. Their, or some of them, preaching and maintai ning that all true converts a:: is 

certain of their gracious state as a person can be of s bis outward sen 

and are able to give a narrative of the time and man ner :: their conversion, of e~se they 
conclude thera to be in anatural or graceless stale, and that 1 gi acious person can judge 
af another's gracious state otherwise than by bis ::::vss:::_ li Fhal people ere 

Under no sacred tie or relation to their own pastors lawfblly sailed, bnf may leave I 
when they please, and ought to go where they think they g I m asf rood, 

For these and many other reasons, we protest, before (he Eternal God, his holy an- 
gels, and you, Reverend Brethren, and before afl bei : present that these brethren have 

no right to be acknowledged as members of this judicatory —hose principles 

and practices are so diametrically opposite to our doctrine, and principles of govern m ent 
and order, which the great King of the Church hath la: i. Sown in his word. 

How absurd and monstrous must that union be, where one part of the members own 
themselves obliged, in conscience, to the judicial L-. terminations of the wh: 
on the word of God, or else relinquish mem':::- iif . and another pail ee:.e:e. they re 
not , ob iged and will not submit, unless the ieterminatioo be according :: tbeii : 
and consequently will submit to no rule, in making »f which they are in the negati 

A rein, how monstrously absurd is it, that they should so nee::, is res:: e to am with 
us, or we with them, as a judicatory, made up ofanthori officers of Jesus 

- hik they openly bob renin us wholesale: are sy please, apply then: sonde ::::- 

tory sentences to particular brethren by name, without :::: . :.::ss. :: 7.:.::; 
gniltj :: heresy or immorality, and at the same three will oof hold Christian eommuj 
with them. 

Again, how absurd is the union, while some of the members of the same body, whk - 
meet once a year, and join as a judicatc:~ :: [ brist, do all the rest of the per: what they 
can, openly and above board, to p:rs:::r e le and flocks of their brethren and £ - 

low members, to separate from their own pastors, as graceless hypocrites and 
do not separate from them themselves, bet join with them ::::: svery year, as members 
of the same judicatory of Christ, and oftener, when Presbyteries are mixed. Is :: not 
most unreasonable, s tepid indolence in us, to join with such as are avowedly tearing e 
in pieces like ~:e:s:s :: ::er 

Again, is -ret the continuance of union with our protesting brethren very absurd, when 
:: is so notorious that both their doctrine and practice are s: ikeetly aontrary :: the adopt- 
ing act, whereby both tbey and we have adopted the _:::.:::::: af Faith, C ate c his niB 
and Directory, compose r est m instei Asse ml I j 

Finallv, is not cont: - who would arrogate to them 

14 



|58 MINUTES OF THE 

fession of his faith, and the Directory, as far as circumstances will allow a] 
admit in this infant church, for the rule of church order. Ordered, Tr 
every session do oblige their elders, at their admission, to do the same. Tl 
was readily approved, nemine contradicente. 

Ordered, That we proceed to read our last year's minutes. 

Messrs. Cross, Thomson, Martin, Alison, Cathcart, Boyd, and the moc 
rator, ministers ; and Robert McKnight, William McCuiloch, Robert Ro 
lard, and James Kerr, elders, appointed a committee for the fund, and ai 
other business the Synod shall recommend to them. 

Messrs. Thomson, Dickinson, Pemberton, Pierson, Robert Cross, Alisc 
Boyd, Martin, and the moderator, be the commission of the Synod for t 
year ensuing, with elders, if they have occasion to meet, and that any five 
the ministers be a quorum. 

It is reported that Mr. John Craig was, after usual trials, ordained sin 
last Synod, and that he subscribed the Westminster Confession of Faith, ; 
cording to order of Synod. 

Ordered, That an account of the fund be brought in before the Syn 
break up. 

Ordered, That the committee for the fund meet to-morrow morning at eig 
of the clock, to bring in the account of the fund. And the Synod to meet 
ten o'clock. Concluded with prayer. 



selves a right and power to palm and obtrude members on our Synod, contrary tc 1 
minds and judgment of the body? 

In fine, a continued union, in our judgment, is most absurd and inconsistent, when 11 
so notorious, that our doctrine and principles of church government, in many points, ; 
not only diverse, but directly opposite. For how can two walk together, except they 
agreed ? 

Reverend Fathers and Brethren, these are a part, and but a part, of our reasons w 
we protest as above, and which we have only hinted at, but have forborne to enlarge 
them, as we might, the matter and substance of them are so well known to you all, e 
the whole world about us, that we judged this hint sufficient at present, to declare < 
serious and deliberate judgment in the matter ; and as we profess ourselves to be 
solvedly against principles and practice of both anarchy and schism, so we hope tl 
God, whom we desire to serve and obey, the Lord Jesus Christ, whose ministers we a 
will both direct and enable us to conduct ourselves, in these trying times, so as our e 
sciences shall not reproach us as long as we live. Let God arise, and let his enemies 
scattered, and let them that hate him fly before him, but let the righteous be glad, y 
Set them exceedingly rejoice. And may the Spirit of life and comfort revive and comf 
this poor swooning and fainting church, quicken her to spiritual life, and restore her 
the exercise of true charity, peace, and order. 

Although we can freely, and from the bottom of our hearts, justify the Divine p 
cee^ings against us, in suffering us to fall into these confusions for our sins, and parti 
larly for the great decay of the life and power of godliness among all ranks, both mil 
tersi and people, yet we think it to be our present duty to bear testimony against th 
prevailing disorders, judging that to give way to the breaking down the hedge of dis 
/line and government from about Christ's vineyard, is far from being the proper metl 
of causing his tender plants to grow in grace and fruitfalness. 

As it is our duty in our station, without delay, to set about a reformation of the c 
whereby we have provoked God against ourselves, so we judge the strict observation 
his laws of government and order, and not the breaking of them, to be one necess: 
mean and method of this necessary and much to be desired reformation. And we do 
not, but when our God sees us duly humbled and penitent for our sins, he will yet reti 
to us in mercy, and cause us to flourish in spiritual life, love, unity, and order, thoi 
perhaps we may not live to see it, yet this testimony that we now bear, may be of so 
good use to our children yet unborn, when God shall arise and have mercy of Zion. 
Ministers: Robert Cross, John Thomson, Francis Alison, Robert Cathcart, Rich 
Zanchy, John Elder, John Craig, Samuel Caven, Samuel Thomson, Adam Bo 
James Martin, Robert Jamison. • 

Elders: Robert Porter, Robert McKnight, William McCuiloch, John McEw 
Robert Rowland, Robert Craig, James Kerr, Alexander McKnight. 



£ 


s. 


d. 


6 


00 





- 1 


10 





3 


00 





- 1 


00 






SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 159 

2d day. At ten o'clock, according to appointment. Post preces, sederunt 
qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

The committee for the fund met, and overtured, that pursuant to the sup- 
plication of the undertakers of the meeting-house at Wilmington, viz: Capt. 
Chambers and Capt. Hutchinson, representing the difficulties that attend de- 
fraying the charges of that meeting-house, the sum of ten pounds be given out 
of the fund for the aforesaid use, and that the Synod lend to said use upon 
sufficient security, the sum of thirty pounds, if said sum can be had next fall, 
free from interest for three years, and that the same be repaid at ten pounds a 
year. And in case no money come into the Synod's fund, that the Synod 
agree to pay the interest of fifty pounds for five years if required. 

To the Treasurer, - 
To the Janitor, - 
To Mrs. Glen, 
To Mrs. Paul, - 

Which overture was read and approved. 

The Synod taking to their serious consideration, that God's judgments are 
abroad in the earth, and that the war in which we are engaged, the threatening 
scarcity of grain by the discouraging prospect of our crops, and the mournful, 
melancholy divisions among us, who profess to be the followers of the Prince 
of Peace, do loudly call for it, that we should keep a day of humiliation, fast- 
ing, and prayer, to implore the merciful and compassionate regard of our good 
God in these difficulties, and that it be left to each Presbytery to appoint the 
time as it will best suit within their respective bounds. Agreed neminc con- 
tradicente. 

Ordered, That Messrs. Thomson, Thomas Evans, and Alison, defend the 
protestation in print if need be. 

Ordered, That Mr. Thomson supply at Norrington the first Sabbath of 
June, Mr. Andrews the first Sabbath of July, Mr. Boyd the first Sabbath of 
August, Mr. Cross the first Sabbath of September, Mr. Alison the first Sab- 
bath of October, Mr. Elder the first Sabbath of November, Mr. McHenry the 
first Sabbath of December, Mr. Zanchy the first Sabbath of March, Mr. An- 
drews the first Sabbath of April, and Mr. Cross the first Sabbath of May. 

Adjourned to the fourth Wednesday of May next, then to meet at Philadel- 
phia, at three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

The Synod met at Philadelphia, according to appointment. 

May 26th, 1742. Ubi post preces sederunt, 

New York Presbytery : Messrs. Jonathan Dickinson, Ebenezer Pember- 
ton, John Pierson, John Nutman, Simon Horton, Silas Leonard, Azariah 
Horton. Absent: Messrs. W alter Wilmot, Aaron Burr, Nathaniel Hubbei, 
Isaac Chalker, Samuel Pumry. 

Donegall Presbytery: Messrs. John Thomson, Adam Boyd, Richard Zan- 
chy, Samuel Caven, Samuel Black, Samuel Thomson, Alexander McDowell. 
Absent : Messrs. William Bertram, John Elder, John Craig. 

New Castle Presbytery : Messrs. Robert Cathcart, Francis Alison. Ab- 
sent: Messrs. Thomas Evans, Hugh Conn, and John Orme. 

Lewes Presbytery. Absent: Messrs. James Martin, Robert Jamison, 
Hugh Carlile. 

Philadelphia Presbytery: Messrs. Jedidiah Andrews, Robert Cross, David 
Evans, Daniel Elmer, David Co well, Francis McHenry, John Guild, Samuel 
Evans. 



X60 MINUTES OF THE 

Elders: Messrs. David Whittit, Nathaniel Hazard, John Ball, Tinioth 
Whittit, John Hally, Andrew Gray, Thomas Hope, Walter Caruth, Georg 
Davison, James McTire, William Lindsay, Samuel Steel, William Gra^ 
John Cross, Jonathan Fithian, Samuel Hart, David Griffith, Thomas Sti( 
more. 

Mr. Dickinson chosen moderator, and Mr. Alison clerk. 

Mr. Andrews, the last year's moderator, opened the Synod with a sermo 
on 2 Cor. iv. 5. 

Ordered, That our last year's minutes be read. 

The absence of New York Presbytery last year, considered, and the e: 
cuses of some of the members sustained. 

Since our last it hath pleased God, to remove by death, the Rev. Mr. Hem 
Hook, of the Presbytery of Lewes. 

Ordained since our last, Mr. Azariah Horton, missionary for the Indians, i 
the Presbytery of New York; Mr. John Guild and Mr. Samuel Evans, i 
the Presbytery of Philadelphia; and Mr. Alexander McDowell in the Pre; 
bytery of Donegall. 

Adjourned till nine o'clock, to-morrow morning. Concluded with praye 

May 21th at nine o'clock, met, and post preces sederunt, qui supn 
Upon a motion made by the moderator, that our Synod should hold a coi 
ference with the Brunswick brethren that they rejected last year, in order 1 
accommodate the difference and make up that unhappy breach, it is agreei 
that Messrs. Dickinson, Pemberton, Pierson, Cross, Andrews, Thomso] 
Cathcart, David Evans, and Alison, meet with these brethren, and try a 
methods consistent with gospel truth, to prepare the way for healing the sa; 
breach. Agreed that the conference be held at the usual place of the Synod 
meeting, at three in the afternoon, and that the Synod adjourn till nine o'clocl 
to-morrow morning. 

28th day at nine o'clock, post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

Ordered, That the Synod be resolved into an interloquitur of ministers ar 
elders, to manage the conference with the ejected brethren, who are allowei 
if they see cause, to bring with them the ministers that they ordained, th; 
were never allowed to be ministers of this Synod, and ail their respecth 
elders. 

After a great deal of time spent to no purpose, the interloquitur found th: 
all attempts for a coalition were vain and fruitless, and therefore it is agreed 1 
adjourn till three o'clock, afternoon. Concluded with prayer. 

At three o'clock, P. 31. Post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Mr. Robert Jamison is now present and his absence excused. 

The Synod entered upon the affair complained of by the ejected member: 
and the question put for the managing said affair was, who should be th 
judges of the case? The ejected members would submit the business to th 
consideration of none as judges, but such as had not signed the protest la; 
year. And the protesting brethren answered to the point : That they, wit 
the members that had adhered to them, after ejecting said members, were th 
Synod, and acted as such in the rejection, and in so doing they only cast oi 
such members as they judged had rendered themselves unworthy of membei 
ship, by openly maintaining and practising things subversive of their cons tin 
tion, and therefore would not be called to account by absent members, or b; 
any judicature on earth, but were willing to give the reasons of their conduc 
to their absent brethren, and to the public to consider or review it. 



SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 161 

Ordered, That the Synod, ministers and elders, meet at nine in the morning 
in an interloquitur. 

Adjourned till eleven o'clock, A. M. Concluded with prayer. 

29th day, at 11 o'clock, A. M. met ubi post preces, sederunt qui supra. 
Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 
The interloquitur having entered upon some business without coming to a 
conclusion, the Synod is adjourned till Monday morning at ten of the clock. 
Concluded with prayer. 

31 day, at ten o'clock, met according to appointment. Ubi post preces, 
sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That Messrs. Andrews, Cross, Pemberton, Pierson, Thomson, 
Martin, Boyd, Cathcart, Samuel Evans, McHenry, Alison, and the moderator, 
be a committee for the fund, and the commission of the Synod for the follow- 
ing year; and Messrs. Gray, John Steel, Hazard, and William Linsey, be 
joined with the said committee in the affair of the fund, and that the ministers 
of the commission have elders with them if they have occasion to meet. 

A protest was given in by some members of our Synod, which is as fol- 
lows, viz : 

To the reverend Synod now sitting in Philadelphia : We the subscribers, 
in our own and in the name of all that shall see meet to join with us, look 
upon ourselves obliged in the most public manner, to declare our opinions 
with respect to the division made in our Synod the last year, by a protest that 
was delivered in by several of our members. 

First. We declare against the excluding the Presbytery of New-Brunswick 
and their adherents, from the communion of the Synod by a protest, without 
giving them a previous trial, as an illegal and unprecedented procedure, con- 
trary to the rules of the gospel and subversive of our excellent constitution. 

Secondly. We declare and protest against the conduct of our brethren, the 
last year's protestors, in refusing to have the legality of their said protest tried 
by the present Synod. 

Thirdly. We therefore declare and protest, that these members of the New- 
Brunswick Presbytery, and their adherents, that were excluded by the last 
year's protest, are to be owned and esteemed as members of this Synod, until 
they are excluded by a regular and impartial process against them, according 
to the methods prescribed in sacred Scripture, and practised by the churches 
of the Presbyterian persuasion. 

Fourthly. We protest against all passages in any of the pamphlets which 
have been lately published in these parts, which seem to reflect upon the work 
of divine power and grace, which has been carrying on in so wonderful a 
manner in many of our congregations, and declare to all the world, that we 
look upon it to be the indispensable duty of all our ministers to encourage 
that glorious work with their most faithful and diligent endeavours. And in 
like manner, we protest and declare against all divisive and irregular methods 
and practices, by which the peaee and good order of our churches have been 
broken in upon. 

This is what our duty to God, and our regard to the peace and prosperity 
of his church oblige us to protest and declare, and we desire it may be recorded 
in the minutes of the Synod in perpetuam rei memoriam. 

Jonathan Dickinson, Azariah Horton, 
John Pierson, Nathaniel Hazard, 

Ebenezer Pemberton, David Whitehead, 
SimonHorion, Silas Leonard, 

Daniel Elmer*. Timothy Whitehead. 

Philadelphia, May 29, 1742, 
14* 



1(32 MINUTES OF THE 

[This is in the first article protestatio contra factum; for they were exclude 
by a vote of the Synod if they refused to give satisfaction for the points con 
plained of, and upon this they withdrew.] 

I, the subscriber, do hereby desire, that it may be inserted in the Synod 
minute book, that I judge it an open infringement on the rights of society, ar 
particularly on our rights as Presbyterians, for any absent members to pretei 
to a right to call the body to an account, and judge of the legality of procee< 
ings in acts, resolutions, and conclusions made in their absence. Though 
firmly believe that it is the duty of such a body to submit such resolutions ar 
conclusions to a review of the next Synod; and though I look on it as givir 
up some of our rights, yet it is my earnest desire, and what I insist on, th 
the merits of the cause for which last year's Synod excluded the Brunswk 
brethren and adherents, be fairly tried by this present Synod, in order to mar. 
fest the justness of said proceedings. 

Francis Alison. 

Adjourned till the fourth Wednesday of May, at three o'clock, afternoo 
and then to meet at Philadelphia. Concluded with prayer.* 

The Synod met at Philadelphia, according to appointment* 

May 25th, 1743. Ubi post preces sederunt, 

Ministers of New York Presbytery: Messrs. Jonathan Dickinson, Eben 
zer Pemberton, John Pierson, Aaron Burr, John Nutman. Absent: Messi 
Walter Wilmot, Nathaniel Hubbel, Silas Leonard, Azariah Horton, Sirm 
Horton, Samuel Pumry. 

New Castle Presbytery: Messrs. Robert Cathcart, Francis Alison, Robe 
Jamison. Absent: Messrs. Hugh Conn, John Orme, and Hugh Stevenso 

Donegall Presbytery: Messrs. John Thomson, Adam Boyd, Samuel Blac 
John Elder, Richard Zanchy, Samuel Caven, Alexander McDowell, Hamilt< 



* The commission of the Synod met at four in the afternoon. 

Upon a supplication of the people of Apoquinimy, to be joined to the Presbytery 
New Castle, and Mr. Jamison representing that their Presbytery was so weak that th 
could not meet upon business, it was agreed that the Presbytery of Lewes do join wi 
that of New Castle. 

The Presbytery of New Castle having applied for advice to the Synod, with relation 
Mr. John Steel, a probationer from Ireland, who offered himself to our care as a cam 
date for the sacred work of the ministry, but was under some difficulty with relation 
a marriage promise claimed by a young woman in Ireland, as his testimonials set fori 
and by reason of some steps taken by him in his marriage in this country : The coi 
mission finding in all things, that his conduct at home and in this country, has been fi 
and unblameable, those things excepted, do advise the Presbytery of New Castle to del 
taking him on trials till December next. And in the mean time r desire that both t 
young man and the Presbytery, write to the Presbytery of London-Derry, in Ireland, 
see if any further light may be obtained in said affair. 

Upon the supplication of several of the back inhabitants of Virginia, desiring that t 
commission of the Synod would draw up a supplication to be sent to the General Assei 
bly in Scotland or their commission, begging the favour that they may send over a pi 
bationer or minister, that they think suitably qualified for that place, to take the pasto] 
charge of said people. It is agreed that Messrs. Andrews and Cross write to them by t 
first suitable opportunity. 

The Synod having given orders last year to some of their number, to answer such w 
tings as might be needful to set the present debate in a true light; notwithstanding i 
think it is the Synod's business to see the Printer's accounts cleared, yet the commissi 
recommend it earnestly to every Presbytery, and to every person, to be careful to brii 
in the price of the books disposed of in their bounds or by themselves, in order to ccfri 
said expense, before they proceed to contribute any thing further out of the fund 

Concluded with prayer. 



SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 163 

Bell, John Hindman. Absent: Messrs. "William Bertram, Samuel Thomson, 
John Craig. 

Philadelphia Presbytery : Messrs. Jedidiah Andrews, Robert Cross, Daniel 
Elmer, David Cowell, Francis McHenry, and Samuel Evans. Absent: 
Messrs. David Evans and John Guild. 

Elders : Messrs. Alexander Walker, James Donnel, Matthew Atchinson, 
Daniel Henderson, George Davison, William Stevenson, John McEwen, 
Arthur Patterson, William Gray, John Ogden, Samuel Hart, and David 
Griffith. 

Mr. Dickinson, the last year's moderator, opened the Synod with a sermon 
on 1 Cor. i. 10. 

Mr. David Cowell chosen moderator, and Mr. Alison clerk. 

Adjourned till ten o'clock, to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 

26 day at ten o 'clock , post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Messrs. Leonard and the Hortons' absence excused. Mr. Chalker is re- 
moved out of our bounds. 

Mr. Hugh Stevenson absent. This affair to be considered. 

Messrs. Thomas Evans and James Martin, of the Presbytery of New Cas- 
tle, removed by death since our last, and likewise Mr. Joel Evans, proba- 
tioner. 

Since our last, Mr. Bell and Mr. Hindman, were ordained by the Presby- 
tery of Donegall. 

Messrs. Bertram, Samuel Thomson, and Craig, are excused for their ab- 
sence. Mr. David Evans excused for his absence. 

A paper being brought in by Thomas Cookson, Esq. one of his majesty's 
justices, for the county of Lancaster, in the name of the Governor, to be laid 
before and considered by us, the Synod agrees to defer all other business, and 
set aside the common methods of their proceeding, to consider it, and orders 
it to be read. The above mentioned paper, with an affidavit concerning it, 
being read in open Synod, it was unanimously agreed: That it is full of trea- 
son, sedition, and distraction, and grievous perverting of the sacred oracles to 
the ruin of all societies and civil government, and directly and diametrically 
opposite to our religious principles, as we have on all occasions openly and 
publicly declared to the world ; and we hereby unanimously, with the greatest 
sincerity, declare that we detest this paper, and with it all principles and prac- 
tices that tend to destroy the civil or religious rights of mankind, or to foment 
or encourage sedition or dissatisfaction witli the civil government that we are 
now under, or rebellion, treason, or any thing that is disloyal. And if Mr. 
Alexander Craighead be the author we know nothing of the matter. And we 
hereby declare, that he hath been no member of our society for some tinu- 
past, nor do we acknowledge him as such, though we cannot but heartily 
lament that any man that was ever called a Presbyterian, should be guilty of 
what is in this paper. And we order, that a committee be appointed to draw 
up an address to the governor on this occasion, and that the committee be 
Messrs. Dickinson, Pemberton, Alison, and the moderator, and bring it into 
the Synod for approbation. 

Adjourned till four o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

At four o'clock, P. M. met ubipost preces, sederun' qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

Mr. Stevenson's affair deferred. 

The address was brought in and approved. Ordered, That the ministers 



164 MINUTES OF THE 

of the Synod wait on the governor and present this address, together with 
copy of our minute with relation to this affair. 

Ordered, That the minutes of our last year's Synod be read. 

Mr. Elder's absence last year is excused. 

Mr. Jones was ordained by the New York Presbytery since our last. 

Ordered, That Messrs. Andrews, Cross, Dickinson, Pemberton, Pierso 
Thomson, Boyd, Cathcart, Samuel Evans, McHenry, Alison, and the mod 
rator, be a committee for the fund, and the commission of the Synod for tl 
following year; and that William Gray, Arthur Patterson, and James Donm 
be joined with the said committee in the affair of the fund: and that the n 
nisters of the commission shall endeavour to bring elders with them if the 
have occasion to meet, and that six of them with the moderator, shall be 
quorum. 

Ordered, That Mr. McDowell and Mr. Bell revise the Presbytery Book 
Philadelphia. And that all our Presbyteries punctually bring their book 
having all neglected to do so, Philadelphia Presbytery only excepted. 

Inquiry being made who had this year brought money to the fund, it w; 
found that Mr. Alison, Mr. Bell, Messrs. Andrews and Cross, and Mr. Cowei 
had brought something. 

Adjourned till ten o'clock to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 
- 
21th day, at ten o'clock, A. M. Post preces, sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

The affair of Hugh Stevenson was taken under consideration, upon whk 
the Synod came into the following resolution: The Presbytery of New Ca 
tie having suspended Mr. Stevenson on account of some scandals allege 
against him, and his neglecting to appear before them to vindicate himse' 
notwithstanding he was called upon to do it, and having referred the furth 
consideration of this affair to the Synod, the Synod having considered the 
reference, do look upon the conduct of the New Castle Presbytery as regula 
and continue Mr. Stevenson under suspension till he shall be Presbyterian 
cleared from these scandals alleged against him, and desire the New Cast 
Presbytery to take the first opportunity they conveniently can, to inquire in 
Mr. Stevenson's conduct, in order to a final determination. 

Adjourned till four o'clock. Concluded with prayer. 

At four o'clock, P. M. Post preces, sederunt qui supra. 
Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 
^ Some papers were given in to the Synod from some of the congregation 
rrLbington. The consideration of them deferred, 
ai Adjourned till to-morrow morning at ten o'clock. Concluded with praye 

28th day. At ten o'clock, A. M. Post preces, sederunt qui supra, 
Ordered, That the minutes of the last sedenint be read. 
Ordered, That the Abington papers be read ; and the persons that brougl 
them were referred back to their own Presbytery of Philadelphia. 

Adjourned till ten o'clock on Monday morning. Concluded with praye 

On Monday morning the meeting of the Synod was deferred till four o'clocl 
P.M., that some proposals of peace and agreement might be prepared an 
sent to the Br mswick Presbytery. 

30 day. Met cJ four o'clock, P. M. Ubi post preces, sederunt qt 
supra. 

Orrlprpfl TMv-it flip minntps nf flip liwt SPrtfrimf hf> rp<aH 



SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 165 

An overture was brought by the Presbytery of New York, which was or- 
dered to be read, and was as folio weth, viz. 

At a Presbytery convened at Newark, May 15, 1743. 

An overture from the Presbytery of New York, to be proposed to the 
Synod of Philadelphia, at their next meeting. 

The Presbytery taking into consideration the melancholy divisions that 
have of late obtained in the Synod, to the great dishonour of God, the scan- 
dal of our holy profession, the prejudice of our religious interests, and the too 
great encouragement of those dangerous errors and delusions which are making 
such a progress among us ; think it our duty to contribute all we can towards 
healing these breaches, and promoting the unity of the Spirit in the bonds of 
peace, and do therefore propose: 

1. That inasmuch as the Presbytery cannot see how the excluding the 
Presbytery of New Brunswick, and those other ministers that join with them 
by a protestation, without a particular hearing, and deliberate vote of the 
Synod, formed upon such a distinct hearing of the case, can be agreeable to 
the laws of Christ, or any rules of discipline that have ever been known 
among any churches of our profession : We therefore propose that the said 
protestation be withdrawn, and those members peaceably take their place in 
the Synod as formerly. 

2. Whereas it is of greatest necessity that the education of our candidates 
for the ministry be well regulated, and that our former difference upon that 
subject be healed, we propose that all such, who for the future shall be pri- 
vately educated with a design for improvement in the ministry of the gospel, 
shall submit to the former agreement of the Synod in that case, or else sent to 
one of the colleges in New England, and accept of such a station there as 
they are found qualified for, and that they continue there at least one year and 
obtain their degree of bachelor of arts. And in case there should be any pious 
and promising youths that are privately educated for the ministry, who can- 
not well bear the charge of continuing so long at the college, they shall, upon 
the commendation of their respective Presbyteries, and the approbation of the 
Synod, or commission of the Synod, have such allowances from the Synod 
for their support at the college as the Synod or their commission shall think 
proper, and so much of the income of the fund as is sufficient, shall be appro- 
priated to that purpose. 

3. Whereas there have been differences among us with respect to itinerant 
preaching, with the consequences of it, we propose that there be an united 
agreement of the Synod, that all our pulpits be open to those ministers that 
are in our communion, and we unanimously resolve to invite each other to 
preach in our respective parishes as occasion offers. And for any minister to 
refuse another minister the use of his pulpit when regularly applied to, and to 
continue in that refusal from time to time, shall be looked upon as an unbro- 
therly practice, tending to division and separation among us. Provided al- 
ways, that the minister refusing his pulpit as aforesaid, has not such reason 
for his conduct as shall be approved by the Presbytery, or Synod, or commis- 
sion of the Synod. And that there may be no schism or confusions main- 
tained in our congregations, it be proposed that all our ministers shall be ob- 
liged, that they will not for the future promote or encourage any divisions or 
separations, neither by setting up separate meetings in any of our congrega- 
tions, nor by any methods whatsoever endeavouring to alienate the affections 
of the people from their minister; but that every one of us shall do what we 
can to assist one another, and strengthen each other's hands in the work of 
the Lord. And every contravention of this article shall be looked upon as just 
matter of censure either by Presbytery or Synod. 

4. It is also proposed that, if any of our ministers either really have or sup- 



166 MINUTES OF THE 



pose they have just matter of complaint against any of their brethren in tl 
ministry within our bounds, with respect either to his doctrine, manner 
preaching, diligence in his discharge of the more public or private parts of h 
ministerial duties, or with respect to his conduct or conversation, such mini 
ter shall first in a kind, tender, and affectionate manner, particularly mal 
known the matter of his complaint to such of his brethren in a private co 
ference. And if these endeavours fail of desired success, he shall put into h 
hands a written copy of his complaints, with a citation to answer them befo 
his Presbytery, or before the Synod, or commission of the Synod, as the cor 
plainant shall think fit. 

5. It is also proposed, that all former matters of difference and debate in tl 
Synod, be now entirely buried in oblivion, and that each minister of the Sync 
do from this time treat one another with the same intimate love, kindness, ai 
respect, as if such differences had never been. This article not being to 1 
understood as excluding any of our ministers from reasoning either publicly 
privately in a brotherly, or a Christian manner, against any point of doctrii 
which they suppose erroneous or dangerous. 

6. The Presbytery considering the absolute necessity of union and goc 
agreement in a religious society, since a kingdom divided against itself cann 
stand, do earnestly pray, that this or some other plan of accommodation 1 
come into at this meeting of the Synod. But if our hopes in that matter shou 
prove abortive, and no methods can be obtained, it is proposed that this Syn< 
do unitedly agree that another Synod be erected, by the name of the Syn< 
of New York, and that any of our members shall have liberty to join thei 
selves to which of the two Synods they shall think fit; and in order to o 
communion one with another, and to consult the general interest of religi< 
in these parts, it is proposed that there be two correspondents sent year 
from each Synod to the other. 

Ebenezer Pembertox, Moderator. 
These inserted in the next year's minutes. 

Some remarks upon the above overture were read; and after some com 
deration, it was put to vote, whether this overture was to be accepted as a pi 
of accommodation or not, and it was unanimously voted in the negative. 

A paper was upon this given in by Mr. Jonathan Dickinson, in his o\ 
name, and in the names of Messrs. Ebenezer Pemberton, John Pierson, ai 
Aaron Burr, having previously declared that they complain of no unfriend 
or unbrotherly treatment from the Synod with relation to themselves, b 
that their conduct in this affair may be liable to misrepresentations, whi' 
said paper is as follows : 

As I look upon myself to be a member of the Synod of Philadelphia, a] 
have a continued right to sit and act in the same as such, so I look upon t 
New Brunswick Presbytery, and those other brethren that adhere to thei 
and are therefore shut out of the Synod on that account, to be truly membe 
of this Synod as myself, or any others whatsoever, and have a just claim 
sit and act with us. I cannot, therefore, at present see my way clear to 
and act as though we were the Synod of Philadelphia, while the New Brur 
wick Presbytery, and the other members with them, are kept out of t] 
Synod in the manner they now are. 

A proposal of agreement and union between us and the brethren o( Nc 
Brunswick was sent to those brethren by Mr. Aaron Burr, which is as I 
loweth, viz. 

Proposals made to the New Brunswick brethren, in order to their bei: 
admitted to take their places in the Synod, upon a Scripture foundation. 

T^nrnsmnpVi n« a\-p nrp infnrmpil tint thp IVpw Rrnn«\vii»U lirptlnv-n n rp \V1 



SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 167 

ing and desirous of reconciliation and union with the Synod, and to know on 
what terms this may be obtained: That the said brethren may be fully per- 
suaded that we have no delight in division for its own sake, but on the con- 
trary, are sincerely desirous of union and peace upon just and reasonable 
terms, so that upon our cordial agreement there be a foundation laid, that, 
through God's blessing, may prevent the havock and destruction of the church 
threatened by our common enemies. Therefore we propose: 

1. That as they desire to be received and treated as members of our Synod 
they will submit to the determinations and conclusions of our judicatures, 
even in those cases wherein they are negatives in giving their votes, and so 
allow a determination to be by the majority, or else no longer plead a right 
of membership ; and that they renounce their principles delivered in their 
Apology, especially that whereby they declare that Presbyteries and Synods 
have no right to make any agreements, or come to any determinations by 
votes that shall bind any members who do not give their consent to those con- 
clusions or determinations. For without this recantation they can never be 
members of this Synod, seeing they put in a claim for arbitrary power to des- 
troy and overturn all our agreements, and to despise and disregard our cen- 
sures, as they have already professedly done, in licensing and ordaining so 
many men for the work of the ministry. 

2. If they profess they Avill use all endeavours to secure a learned minis- 
try, we desire that they testify this by desisting from licensing or ordaining 
men for the work of the ministry, who have not complied with the Synod's 
agreement, or the alternative proposed in the last year's conference with these 
brethren, and that they give up all those persons that they have heretofore 
licensed or ordained in opposition to our public agreement, to be examined 
and tried by the Synod whether they have suitable ministerial qualifications, 
or that they will not maintain ministerial communion with any of them for 
the future, who refuse to be examined by the Synod, or who, upon examina- 
tion, are found deficient, until they give suitable satisfaction. 

3. That for the future they will desist from either acting or preaching, or 
sending their missionaries within the bounds of our Presbyteries, or fixed pas- 
toral charges as heretofore ; that they will not encourage new separate socie- 
ties in congregations as heretofore, nor supply with preaching the societies 
they have made or occasioned, among the people under our care, but declare 
that all such practices are of pernicious tendency, and inconsistent with the 
Presbyterian plan. 

4. That they will not publicly nor privately, endeavour to diminish the 
character of any minister as graceless, unconverted, or unworthy of his office, 
until he be tried by a proper judicature and censured; and that they claim no 
right to judge of men's spiritual estates towards God, so as to determine whe- 
ther they be gracious or graceless, if sound in the faith, and of a gospel life 
and conversation, and that they condemn all such practices. 

5.. That they renounce all such tenets or doctrines that have been advanced 
in Mr. Tennent's Nottingham sermon, which are contrary to our Presbyterian 
plan and subversive of gospel order, and a floodgate to let in divisions and dis- 
orders into the church, such as an allowance to church members to guess at 
the spiritual state of their pastors, and upon this guess, without further trial, 
to leave them as graceless and unconverted; their asserting an inward call to 
the ministry, in opposition and contradiction to the outward call, or ordain- 
ing to the gospel ministry, and all who maintain them can be no members of 
a Presbyterian society or church, because they take all government out of the 
hands of a Synod or Presbytery, and give it to any person that hath ignorance 
and impudence enough to bring God's house into confusion. 

6. That they acknowledge that too many of them have been guilty in all 



168 MINUTES OF THE 

these points, and that notwithstanding whatever zeal and intention to advar 
a work of grace they might have been influenced by, yet now they are cc 
vinced that these practices have had a dreadful tendency to promote and spre 
the divisions and confusions that perplex and disturb this church. 

7. We propose that, if they have any ground of complaint against any 
our members, with respect to their doctrine, their conversation, or diligerj 
in the ministry, that they shall be welcome to table the charge against the 
in a proper judicatory, whether they comply with these terms or not; a 
that, if they satisfy us in these points, and accept their seats in our Synod, 
other grounds of complaint shall be removed, either by public trial, or su 
other method as they and we in conjunction shall determine, and will b< 
promote the glory of God, and the good of his church. And we declare tl 
if all or any of these brethren accept these terms, or any other that we a 
they can devise or come to, that will lay a foundation to secure these imp< 
tant rights of societies, a learned and pious ministry, and to prevent errors a 
divisions, in a way agreeable to God's word, and the Presbyterian consti' 
tion, we are heartily willing to receive them ; and we desire that they m 
give us their answer to these heads as soon as they can conveniently. 

These proposals were sent in an extra-judicial way to the Brunswick b] 
thren, upon reading of which in open Synod, it was agreed that these proj 
sals were reasonable, in order to open a way toward an accommodation a 
interview between these brethren and us. And to these we received an a 
swer by Mr. William Tennent, junior, which is as followeth: 

Upon a paper sent to us from the ministers that protested against us, pi 
posing certain terms of union, this conjunct meeting of the Presbyteries 
New Brunswick and New Castle does judge that there can be no regul 
methods of proceeding towards the compassing a stated union between the 
and us, until their illegal protest be withdrawn; yet so they and we may bo 
stand upon an equal foot in the regular trial of the differences between i 
That their paper contains sundry misrepresentations and unreasonable c 
mands, and that we have several charges against them to be satisfied in befo 
we could come into a settled union with them. 

Upon reading our minutes, it was proposed, that as the protestation of t\ 
New York Brethren, seems to complain of the conduct of this Synod, in t 
year 1741, ordered, that the protestation delivered in that year be entered in 
our minutes: which protestation is accordingly to be found at the end of tl 
minutes for this year. 

A paper in answer to the New York brethren's protestation, being read 
open Synod, it was unanimously agreed, that it be kept in retenlis. 

Upon a supplication brought by Mr. Alison, desiring that Mr. McDowi 
be joined to the Presbytery of New Castle, in order to answer the repeat 
supplications of Elk-River and White-Clay Creek, ordered, that he be joim 
to it, and that they supply Nottingham for a year. 

Messrs. Andrews and Cross, did write to the General Assembly in Sec 
land, in favour of the back inhabitants of Virginia, as was desired. 

Ordered, that the committee for the fund meet to-morrow, at eight oVioc 
and the Synod at ten. Concluded with prayer. 

31 day, at ten o'clock, A. 31. according to appointment. Ubiposi 
sederunt qui supra. (Some excepted" who were gone home.) 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

The committee have not brought in the account of the fund ; Ordered. The 
settle it now and bring it against the next meeting. 

Agreed to remit a bond of Mr. Houston's, dated July 25th. 1740, in favo 1 
of his widow and her family. 



SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 169 

A proposal was made to write to the General Assembly of the church of 
Scotland, and lay before them the low and melancholy condition of the infant 
church, both for want of probationers to supply our numerous vacancies, and 
also for want of a suitable encouragement for ministers in new settlements, and 
intreat them both to send ministers and probationers to us, and to allow them 
some small support out of their fund for some years in new places. And that 
they be pleased to enable us in some measure, or by some method, to erect a 
seminary or school for educating young men for these ends among ourselves. 
This was agreed to, and ordered, that Messrs. Cross, Andrews, and Thomson, 
write a letter to the Assembly, and let them know our circumstances. 

Ordered, That the Presbytery of Philadelphia regard the people of Abing- 
ton, and supply there as oft as they can conveniently, if they iind that their 
case requires it. 

Ordered, That Messrs. Alison and McDoAvell, write to some gentlemen in 
Virginia, acquainting them with our application to the General Assembly of 
Scotland, and begging their interest to further that design. 

Ordered, That Messrs. Andrews, Cross, Cathcart, and the moderator, wait 
on the governor, and present the address. 

Ordered, That the committee for the fund meet at two o'clock, P. M. 

Disbursements from the fund allowed per the committee for the year 1743, 
as followeth, viz: 

To Archibald McMullen for services done, 

To the Treasurer, 

To the Janitor, 

To Mrs. Glen, 

To Mrs. Hook, ... - 

The sum total of the fund before any disbursements, as computed by the 
committee, 1743, five hundred and seventy pounds, sixteen shillings and 
seven pence. 

Adjourned till the fourth Wednesday of May next, at three o'clock, P. M. 
and then to meet at Philadelphia. Concluded with prayer. 

The Synod met at Philadelphia according to appointment. 

May 23, 1744. Ubi post preces sederunt, 

Minister of New Castle Presbytery: Mr. Alexander McDowell. Absent — 

Donegall Presbytery: Messrs. John Thomson, Adam Boyd, John Craig, 
John Elder. Absent — 

Philadelphia Presbytery: Messrs. Jedidiah Andrews, Robert Cross, Daniel 
Elmer, Samuel Evans. 

New York Presbytery absent. 

Elders: Alexander Montgomery, James Read, Hugh Rippey, William 
Wilson, William Johnston, William Gray, Edward Lummis, and James 
Abraham. 

Mr. Andrews opened the Synod by a sermon on Ezek. iii. 17. Mr. 
Cowell, the last year's moderator, being absent. 

Many of the members being absent, and expected to be present to-morrow, 
it is concluded that the Synod adjourn to nine o'clock, to-morrow morning, 
before they enter upon business. Concluded with prayer. 

24th day at nine o'clock. Met according to appointment. Ubi post preces, 

sederunt qui supra. 
Ordered, That the minutes of the last Synod be read. 
And upon calling the roll the following members present who were absen 
15 



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d. 


2 


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6 


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1 


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5 


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3 


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170 MINUTES OF THE 

vesterdav, viz: Messrs. George Gillespie, Robert Cathcart, and Francis 
Alison, of the New Castle Presbytery. And that Presbytery reports, that 
since our last they have ordained to the work of the ministry, Mr. Timothy 
Griffith and Mr. John Steel, they having passed the usual trials and adopted the 
Westminster Confession and Catechisms as the confession of their faith, ac- 
cording to order of the Synod in that case provided. They also inform us, 
that pursuant to a call drawn up by the people of Snow-Hill, Buckingham, 
and the Ferry, in Worcester in Maryland, and with the Presbytery's concur- 
rence, sent to the Presbytery of Paisley in North Britain, the Rev. Mr. James 
Scougal accepted the said call. And having produced sufficient testimonials 
of his piety, learning, prudence, soundness in the faith, blameless conversation 
and ordination by them, was admitted as a member of the Presbytery of New 
Castle. And the Synod admitted these brethren into membership. 

Of Donegall Presbytery, Mr. Black is now present. Absent: Messrs. 
Samuel Thomson, Richard Zanchy, Bertram, Hindman, and Samuel Caven. 
(Mr. Bell was suspended by said Presbytery.) 

Present now of Philadelphia Presbytery : Messrs. David Evans and Fran- 
cis McHenry. 

Elders of the ministers absent yesterday : Messrs. John McMichael. William 
McCulloch, Thomas James, David Paterson, Samuel Hart, James Kerr. 

Mr. McHenry chosen moderator, and Mr. McDowell clerk. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last year's Synod be read. 

We find that upon reading the last year's roll, Mr. Robert Jamison is re- 
moved by death since our last, as also Mr. Hugh Stevenson. 

Mr. Samuel Pumry's absence now excused, on account of bodily indispo- 
sition. 

Mr. David Evans gave reasons for his last year's absence, which were sus- 
tained. 

Ordered, That Messrs. Andrews, Cross, Dickinson, Pierson, Nutman, John 
Thomson, Boyd, Black, Samuel Evans, Cathcart, Alison, Gillespie, and the 
moderator, be the committee for the fund and the commission of the Svnod for 
the ensuing year. And Messrs. William Grav, Samuel Hart, William'McCul- 
loch, William Wilson, elders, be joined with them in the affair of the fund; 
and that every minister endeavour to have an elder with him if the Svnod's 
commission have occasion to meet; and that five ministers and the moderator 
be a quorum of the commission. 

Ordered, That Messrs. Boyd and Griffith revise the Presbvterv book of 
Philadelphia; and Messrs. Alison and Cathcart the Presbvterv book'of Done- 
gall, and that these books be delivered the next sederunt.' 

Ordered, That the Presbytery of New Castle, not having their book now, 
do put it in order and bring it to be revised bv the Svnod the next vear. 

Inquiry being made who had brought monev to the fund, it was found that 
Messrs. Andrews, Cross, McHenry, and Craig, had brought some. 

Upon reading our last year's minutes, we find an overtifre presented bv the 
Presbytery of New York, and that remarks upon it were read in Svnod, but 
these remarks not being entered in the Svnod book, it is now ordered," that they 
be inserted here in this place. They are as follow* • 

Some short hints by way of remark on an overture desired to be laid 
before the Synod of Philadelphia by the brethren of the Presbvterv of New 
York, submitted by the said brethren to the consideration of the oilier mem- 
bers ol the Synod in a private extra-judicial way. 

On the introduction remark: How far the following particulars of the over- 
ture are conducive to the good end proposed, will be best known bv a parti- 
cular consideration of them. ' r 

On article first remark; Notwithstanding of what is alleged by our breth- 



SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. J 7 [ 

ren, we are still of the mind that the exclusion of the New Brunswick 
brethren by the protestation mentioned, is sufficiently justified by the reasons 
specified in the said protestation ; which reasons are further strengthened by 
the conduct of the said brethren ever since. And were it needful to produce 
them, there are not wanting precedents of this method of procedure in Pres- 
byterian churches, yea and in civil judicatures; and therefore we think it 
altogether inconsistent with duty and a good conscience, to withdraw said 
protest or recede from it. And further, it is our judgment, that the only 
sensible expedient in order to reunion, in the present circumstances is, that 
the New Brunswick, &c. would let us know under their hand, how far they 
will or can comply, to give the Synod satisfaction for the offences complained 
of, by acknowledging their past misconduct, and by giving satisfactory secu- 
rity against the fears of the like offences for the future. 

On the second article remark: If the Brunswick brethren would once give 
such satisfaction to the Synod for their past conduct, in opposition to our act 
of Synod, relating to the examination of candidates for the ministry, it seems 
not unlikely that we might agree either in the amendment thereof, or in insti- 
tuting an equivalent for the future. But if no reparation be made for the da- 
mages done by their past conduct in opposition to said act, we think it vain to 
talk of substituting an equivalent for the future. And, therefore, we also 
would desire to know from these brethren under their hands, what satisfaction 
they are willing to give the Synod on this head. 

* On article the third: Our judgment in respect of being obliged to open our 
pulpits to itinerants, and to invite them to preach in them, sub poena of being 
esteemed unbrotherly, and promoters of division and separation, is so far diffe- 
rent and opposite to our New York brethren's judgment, that we verily be- 
lieve, that such a constitution or order as our brethren talk of, is of most visi- 
ble and obvious tendency to promote division and separation, and every thing 
that is unbrotherly and uncharitable. Neither is it enough that there are no 
endeavours to set up separate meetings in our congregations, but also that all 
these already set up, be obliged to return to their pastors and congregations, 
or else be deemed and dealt with as disorderly. And that the New Bruns- 
wick brethren, &c. shall take such methods as the Synod shall prescribe, to 
persuade those whom they have influenced to separate, to return again to their 
respective folds and pastors. In fact we think the proposal has a visible, 
plain, and native tendency to advance the mischief it pretends to prevent, and 
to prevent and destroy the good it pretends to advance. We think that to 
give any minister a right to preach in any brother's pulpit contrary to his 
inclination, without presbyterial order for that purpose, is the direct way to 
breed and foment divisions, and quench brotherly love among ministers. 
Where love and esteem actually subsist there is no need for such right to be 
pleaded by the itinerant; and when jealousy, and want of love and esteem do 
prevail, such an order would undoubtedly increase them. Besides, we think 
that itinerant preaching, properly so called, (i. e. when preaching is the prin- 
cipal end for travel,) except by express order of Presbytery, hath no founda- 
tion in the word of God. Even Paul and Barnabas had a particular order for 
their travelling among the Gentiles. And therefore we propose that it still be 
left as it always hath been, to the discretionary agreement of the ministers 
concerned, when one minister shall preach in another's pulpit, and that no 
minister be allowed to travel abroad to preach, i. e. for preaching's sake, 
without an actual or virtual order from his respective Presbytery, together 
with the concurrence of the Presbytery where he preaches. 

On article fourth remark : This article is for substance the same with what 
hath been in force and practice in all well regulated Presbyterian churches ; 
saving that the order of process is inverted or perverted, inasmuch as it puts 



j72 MINUTES OF THE 

it in the accuser or prosecutor, to bring things per saltum, before a superior 
jurisdiction. It is therefore our judgment, that according to the natural order 
of things, and the known practice of all Presbyterian churches in the world, 
that every person or case be tried by or before its next or lowest judicature to 
which he or it is subject. 

On the fifth remark: This article we approve on supposition, that union on 
a good foundation were obtained ; otherwise we think this article, if in force, 
would enjoin what is not only unreasonable but also impossible in the nature 
of the thing, viz : That the Brunswick brethren and we should be sincere in 
treating one another with the same intimate love, kindness, and respect, as if 
such differences had never been, while yet we have received no satisfaction 
for the past most public and injurious treatment, which we have suffered at 
their hands. And to enjoin it, we think would be in the consequence of it, 
foolish, wicked, and utterly inconsistent with the principles of rational self- 
preservation, and the trust reposed in us by our exalted Lord. Inasmuch as it 
would be to put it in the power of those who have been tearing our bowels, 
and the bowels of Christ's church under our care these years past, to persist 
without resistance in the same practice, and to act the same cruelty over again. 
While we have not any reasonable scriptural evidence of their repentance for 
past injuries, nor security against the like treatment for the future. Besides 
that it is contrary to the general Scripture rules of dealing with scandalous 
offenders. Them that sin rebuke before all. Count him, viz: the obstinate 
offender as an heathen or publican, and avoid the authors of division as persons 
who serve not the Lord Christ but their own bellies. 

On article sixth remark : To give into this article would be to approve of 
and confirm schism by our Synodical authority. For seeing the reason for 
erecting such a new Synod, is because we cannot live in union and concord ; 
surely one of the parties at least, must be certainly and really in the fault; 
and for our Synod to approve of a faulty party, separating on the score of con- 
tention, is evidently to ratify schism by Synodical authority; besides, this 
would infer our consenting to the perpetuating a continual temptation to build 
up the interest of our own respective parties or Synods respectively, in oppo- 
sition to one another, i. e. in opposition to the opposite Synod, which we our- 
selves have erected and approved. Therefore we cannot in conscience com- 
ply with it. But if our New York brethren, &c. shall now see cause, con- 
trary to our judgment and inclination, to divide themselves from us, and to 
erect themselves into a new separate body, as it is not in our power to hinder 
them, though we cannot in conscience approve of their so doing, yet we hope, 
that by the grace of God, we shall sincerely and conscientiously endeavour to 
cherish and cultivate a truly Christian and charitable disposition towards them, 
as far as such a contentious separation will allow, and as far as we can attain 
unto, in opposition to the remains of the corruption and uncharitableness, 
which we have reason to acknowledge doth too much and too often prevail in 
and over us all. Provided always, that our brethren shall not hereby think 
that we will bind ourselves from vindicating our conduct, with respect to this 
hreach in the most public manner, so that the Reformed churches and impar- 
tial world may have an opportunity to judge in the affair. 
Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

At three o'clock, P. M. post preces, sederunt qui supra. 
Ordered, That the Minutes of the last sederunt be read. 
Ordered, That the clerk proceed in reading the last year's minutes. 
Mr. McDowell's affair referred to further consideration. 
The time of meeting of the committee for the fund deferred. 



SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 173 

Messrs. Andrews and Cross wrote to the General Assembly of the Church 
of Scotland, according to appointment. 

The Presbytery of Philadelphia report, that they have supplied the people 
of Abington diverse times, according to last year's appointment. 

Messrs. Alison and McDowell report, that they have writ to some gentle- 
men in Virginia, acquainting them of our application to the General Assembly 
of Scotland, as appointed last year. 

Messrs. Andrews, Cross, Cathcart, &c. report, that they waited on the Go- 
vernor with the address, according to appointment. 

Mr. Bell materially appealed from a judgment of suspension laid on him 
by the Presbytery of Donegall, and requested the Synod would appoint a 
committee to meet at Donegall on that affair. And it is ordered, that Messrs. 
John Thomson, Robert Cross, Adam Boyd, Samuel Thomson, Hindman, 
Gillespie, McDowell, and Griffith, be a committee to meet there the second 
Wednesday of June next, at twelve o'clock, to hear and determine that affair. 
And that Mr. Bell continue under suspension till the committee meet. And 
it is further determined that a copy of this minute be sent to the congregation 
of Donegall as soon as possible, and that Mr. Black or Mr. Elder take care 
to deliver the said copy, to be communicated to the members, that they prepare 
evidences and be ready for a trial of that affair. And it is ordered, that Mr. 
Gillespie open the committee with a sermon. 

A representation from many people of North Carolina, was laid before the 
Synod showing their desolate condition, and requesting the Synod to take 
their estate into consideration, and petitioning that we would appoint one of 
our number to correspond with them. Ordered, That Mr. John Thomson 
correspond with them. 

Ordered, That Messrs. David Evans, Samuel Evans, and Griffith, write to 
Wales, representing the state of our church, and to desire a probationer may 
be sent from them to us if they possibly can. 

Adjourned till ten o'clock to-morrow. Concluded with prayer. 

25!h day, at ten o'clock. Post preces, sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

New Castle Presbytery desiring Mr. McDowell might be entirely loosed 
from Donegall and joined to them; and Mr. McDowell desiring the advice of 
the Synod to determine him in this affair, it was unanimously voted that he 
should be joined to New Castle Presbytery, and the congregation of Notting- 
ham is continued and wholly joined with New Castle Presbytery. 

The affair of the fund deferred. 

A letter from Mr. Hutchinson, containing his opinion of the proceedings of 
the Synod and New-Brunswick party, and advices to the Synod, was 
read before us. And the Synod judges, that so far as his advices appear 
agreeable to the word of God, they have walked agreeable to them, and hope 
they will endeavour still to make conscience of doing so. Ordered, That Mr. 
Alison write to Mr. Hutchinson an answer to his letter. 

The minutes of a committee held at the great valley, November 16th, 1743, 
by a private agreement between the Presbyteries of Philadelphia, New Castle, 
and Donegall, were laid before us, showing that the said committee consid- 
ered the necessity of using speedy endeavours to educate youth for supply- 
ing our vacancies. But the proper method for this end cannot be so well com- 
passed without the Synod; they refer the further consideration of the affair to 
that reverend body, but agree that in the mean time a school be opened for the 
education of youth. And the Synod now approve that design, and take the 
said school under our care. And agree upon the following plan for carrying 
on that design : 
15* 



174 



MINUTES OF THE 



1. That there be a school kept open where all persons who please may 
send their children and have them instructed gratis in the languages, philos- 
ophy, and divinity. 

2. In order to carry on this design, it is agreed that every congregation un- 
der our care, be applied to for yearly contributions, more or less, as they can 
afford, and as God may incline them to contribute, until Providence open a 
door for our supporting the school some other way. 

3. That if any thing can be spared besides what may support a master and 
tutor, that it be employed by the trustees for buying books and other neces- 
saries for said school, and for the benefit of it, as the trustees shall see pro- 
per. And Mr. Alison is chosen master of said school, and has the privilege 
of choosing an usher under him to assist him ; and the said Mr. Alison is 
exempted from all public business, save only attending church judicatures, 
and what concerns his particular pastoral charge. And the Synod agree to 
allow Mr. Alison twenty pounds per annum, and the usher fifteen pounds. 

The further consideration of this affair deferred till the afternoon. 
Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

At three o'clock, P. M. Post preces, sederunt qui supra. 
The affair of the fund deferred. 
The affair of the school resumed. 

4. Agreed that Messrs. Jedidiah Andrews, Cross, and Evans, junior, of 
Philadelphia Presbytery; and John Thomson, Black, and Boyd, of Donegall; 
and Gillespie and Griffith, Cathcart, and Steel, and McDowell, of New Cas- 
tle Presbytery, be appointed trustees for the management of the affairs of the 
said school, for this year; and as many more as can conveniently, may meet 
with them. And it's ordered, that said trustees meet on the third Wednesday 
of September next, and that any five of them be a quorum, and that they ap- 
point three of their number to meet at three other times in the year at said 
school. These trustees are to inspect into the master's diligence in, and me- 
thod of, teaching ; consider and direct what authors are chiefly to be read in 
the several branches of learning; to examine the scholars from time to time, 
as to their proficiency, and apply the money procured from our people as or- 
dered above, and to what other uses they find proper; and in sum, to order all 
affairs relating to said school as they see expedient, and be accountable to the 
Synod, making report of their proceedings and the state of the school yearly. 
And ordered, that Messrs. Thomson, Griffith, and Steel, and McDowell, be 
the four that shall meet first at said school, and that on the last Tuesday of 
June next. 

The Rev. Mr. Dorsius, pastor of the Reformed Dutch Church in Bucks 
county, laid a letter before us from the deputies of North and South Holland, 
wherein they desire of the Synod an account of the state of the High and Low 
Dutch churches in this province, and also of the churches belonging to the 
Presbyterian Synod of Philadelphia, and whether the Dutch churches may be 
joined in communion with said Synod, or if this may not be, that thev would 
form themselves into a regular body and government anions themselves. In 
pursuance of which letter the Synod agree, that letters be wrote in the name 
of the Synod, to the deputies of these Synods in Holland, in Latin, and to the 
Scotch ministers in Rotterdam, giving them an account of the churches here, 
and declaring our willingness to join with the Calvinist Dutch churches here, 
to assist each other as far as possible in promoting the common interests of re- 
ligion among us, and signifying the present great want of ministers among the 
High and Low Dutch, with desire that they may help in educating men for 
the work of the ministry. And the Synod ordered, that Messrs. Andrews, 
Cross, Evans, junior, and the moderator, do write said letters. 



SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 175 

A paper from the New Brunswick party was presented to us by Mr. Blair, 
the consideration of which is deferred till to-morrow morning. 
Adjourned till to-morrow morning at nine o'clock. Concluded with prayer. 

26th day, at nine o'clock, post preces, sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of our last sederunt be read. 

The affair of the fund deferred. 

The Synod took under consideration the paper sent to us yesterday by Mr. 
Blair, from the New Brunswick party, demanding a part of the fund belong- 
ing to this Synod may be allowed them. By which demand we find that they 
discover no intention to endeavours for peace, and to heal the lamentable di- 
visions that prevail in our distressed church. And as we look on that party, 
made up partly of those who have by their conduct forfeited their right to 
membership among us, and of consequence of all the privileges thereof, and 
partly of those who never belonged to our Synod, and of consequence have no 
more right to any privileges whatsoever appertaining to the Synod, than any 
other whatsoever who will pretend thereunto without any colour of reason or 
equity. And therefore, on the whole, we judge their demand herein to be 
highly unreasonable and unjust, and not to be complied with. Approved, 
nemine contradkente. 

Ordered, That a copy of the above minute be signed by the moderator, and 
sent to Mr. Gilbert Tennent, moderator of the New Brunswick party; which 
accordingly was done by the janitor. 

Ordered, That every minister recommend it to their respective congrega- 
tions, to contribute yearly toward defraying the expenses of their respective 
elders in attending on the Synod. 

Ordered, That the committee lor the fund meet here at three o'clock this 
afternoon. 

Adjourned till the fourth Wednesday of May next, at three o'clock, post 
meridiem. Concluded with prayer. 



The Synod met at Philadelphia, according to appointment, 

May 22d, 1745. Ubi post preces sederunt, 

Of New York Presbytery, ministers: Messrs. Dickinson, Pierson, and 
Pemberton. Absent: Messrs. Nutman, Burr, Hubbell, Leonard, Azariah 
Horton, and Simon Horton. 

Of Philadelphia Presbytery: Messrs. Andrews, Cross, David Evans, El- 
mer, McHenry, Co well, Samuel Evans. Absent: Mr. Guild. 

Of Donegall Presbytery, ministers: Messrs. Boyd, Thomson, Zanchy. 
Absent: Messrs. Bertram, Black, Elder, Samuel Thomson, Caven, Hind- 
man, Craig. 

Of New Castle Presbytery : Messrs. Gillespie, Cathcart, Alison, McDowell, 
Scougal, Griffith, Steel. 

Elders : William Gray, Thomas Harris, William Ramsey, John Parry, 
William Ewen, William Wallace, William Nill, Robert Mackey, William 
Lindsay, Samuel James, James Donnal, Nathaniel Hazard, Brice Innis. 

Our Rev. Brethren, Mr. Pumry, of Newtown, and Mr. Wilmot, of Jamai- 
ca, on Long Island, are deceased since our last. 

The Synod was opened by a sermon on Prov. xi. 30, by Mr. McHenry, 
last year's moderator. 

Mr. Robert Cathcart chosen moderator, and Mr. McDowell clerk. 

Adjourned till to-morrow morning, at nine o'clock. 

Concluded with prayer. 



176 MINUTES OF THE 

23c? day. At nine o'clock the Synod met, and post preces, sederunt qui 
supra. 

Mr. Cowell's and Mr. Zancby's absence last year excused, for reasons 
given. 

Ordered, That last year's minutes be read. 

Ordered, That Messrs. Dickinson, Pierson, Pemberton, Andrews, Black, 
Zanchy, Cross, McHenry, Gillespie, Alison, McDowell, and the moderator, 
be the committee for the fund, and the commission of the Synod for the year 
ensuing; and that William Gray, Robert McKnight, William Ewen, and 
Nathaniel Hazard, elders, be joined with them, and that each member always 
endeavour to have an elder with him in case the commission of the Synod 
have occasion to meet, and that any five ministers, with the moderator, be a 
quorum of the commission. 

Ordered, That Mr. Steel and Mr. Zanchy revise the Presbytery book of 
Philadelphia, and that it be given them the next sederunt for that end. 

New York, Donegall, and New Castle books being not here now, Order- 
ed, That each of these Presbyteries put their books in order and bring them 
to be revised the next year. 

Messrs. Dickinson, Pierson, and Pemberton, in the name of the New York 
Presbytery, and by a commission from them, desire that the Synod appoint a 
committee to confer with them to try whether an overture can be prepared, 
removing any grounds of dissatisfaction or difference between them and the 
Synod. 

Ordered, That Messrs. Andrews, Cross, Alison, Thomson, Boyd, Gilles- 
pie, McDowell, Samuel Evans, and the moderator, meet with them as a com- 
mittee for that purpose, at three o'clock, and as many other members as 
please may attend. 

Inquiry being made who had brought money for the fund, it was found that 
Messrs. Andrews and Samuel Evans had brought some. And it was recom- 
mended to the other members that had brought none, carefully to observe the 
order in that case made for the future. 

The committee appointed by the Synod to hear and determine Mr. Bell's 
affair, met according to appointment; and the reading of their minutes is de- 
ferred till next sederunt. 

The order that Messrs. David Evans, Samuel Evans, and Griffith, write 
to Wales, not being yet fulfilled, is continued. 

Upon reading the minutes relating to the school, it's ordered, that such as 
have raised no collections for the school as vet, should immediately applv to 
their congregations for contributions; and that all the members do so airain 
between this and our next, and that such as supply in vacant congregations 
endeavour to obtain collections from them also, for supporting the school, and 
that each Presbytery see that those thev appoint to supplv vacancies do so. 
n ffi'T ed ' '£ hat Messrs - Cross > McHenry, Samuel Evans, Bovd, Black, 

a i u a ?V tee1 ' be a committee and trustees for the school, and meet at 
said school the second Tuesday of October and March. 

Ihe letters were wrote to Holland according to appointment. 
Adjourned till nine o'clock to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 

24th day, at nine o'clock, A. M. Post preces, sederunt qui supra. 
Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 
Ihe minutes of the committee appointed to hear and try Mr. Bell's affair, 
were read, and the committee's conduct in that affair approved, in deposing 



SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 177 

him from the ministerial office upon the grounds contained in these minutes 
following.* 

The committee appointed to confer with the New York brethren not hav- 
ing got an overture prepared to bring in to the Synod, the whole Synod was 
resolved into a committee to consider that affair. 

After much consultation had in this affair, they appoint again that Messrs. 
Thomson, Alison, Griffith, Steel, and McDowell, be a committee to prepare 
a plan for union, against our next sederunt : any three of them be a quorum to 
do this. 

Adjourned till five o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

The Synod, after waiting long for the committee appointed at our last to 
prepare a plan, understanding that they have not prepared said plan, do ad- 
journ till nine o'clock, to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 

25th day. M nine o'clock, A. M. Post preces, sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

The committee appointed to draw a plan, &c. being inquired at, answer 
that they have drawn a plan to be now laid before the Synod. Previous to 
reading it, some inquired at their New York brethren, who of the New Bruns- 
wick brethren they alleged to be members, whether all that are now of that 
party, or only such of them as enjoyed membership before, and they declared 
they account only such as have been members and had their seats, to be now 
members, and no others. 

The overture drawn up by the committee was read twice, and the vote put, 
whether it was a proper plan for accommodation to be now proposed, and it 
was voted proper to propose it, and it is as follows: 

I. The glory of God and the advancement of Christ's kingdom, by the per- 
suading souls to embrace the Lord Jesus on gospel terms, and by preserving 
peace, truth, and good order in the churches, ought to be the grand design of 
all Christians, and of the ministers of the gospel in particular. But to our 
great concern and sorrow, the disorderly intrusions into the pastoral charges 
of ministers, and surmises that were raised to blacken their characters as car- 
nal and unconverted; the bold violation of our synodical acts and regulations, 
and the new method of itinerant preaching where there is a stated gospel 
ministry, hath, in a great measure, marred this noble design, by rending the 
churches of Christ, and filling the minds of people with uncharitable opinions 
of one another. 

To check these evils prevailing by means of some claiming to themselves 
a privilege, under pretence of extraordinaries, to trample under foot the rights of 
mankind, to destroy all pastoral relation, and to lay aside, at least for a season, 
that form of government and discipline that was practised and used in our 
Presbyterian churches, a number of the Synod of Philadelphia protested 
against such illegal, disorderly practices in the year 1741. And being wearied 
with fruitless attempts to redress these delusive, unscriptural methods of pro- 
ceeding, determined to withdraw from Synodical communion, unless such as 
were guilty of such practices gave proper satisfaction according to gospel rules. 
The majority of the Synod then present, made this protest their act, and de- 
clared that those brethren should either give such satisfaction or withdraw 
from membership, upon which they chose to withdraw. 



* The Editor has omitted the minutes of this committee, as they embrace a large 
body of testimony in Mr. Bell's trial, which, properly speaking, constitutes no part of the 
minutes. It has always been usual to exclude such matters from synodical records, and 
even in case of trial before Presbyteries, the testimony is usually kept on file. 



178 MINUTES OF THE 

This method of procedure was complained of next year, as contrary to the 
method of proceeding in our churches by some members that were absent 
when this separation was made. Upon which it was proposed that the whole 
affair should be reviewed by the Synod then met, and if any thing was found 
illegal, it should be redressed. But these brethren could find clearness to do 
nothing, till these disorderly brethren who withdrew, should again be allowed 
to take their seats as members, which the majority of the Synod could not 
comply with. Upon which they entered a declaration against the method of 
proceeding the year before. At our next Synod meeting, they proposed 
methods to heal the breach between those brethren who withdrew and the 
Synod; which occasioned the Synod to send them proposals of peace, which 
they rejected, and still continued their divisive practices of counteracting the 
Synod's regulations, and crumbling of congregations to pieces, erecting altar 
against altar, to the great scandal of religion and ruin of vital piety. Those 
brethren from the Presbytery of New York, who were dissatisfied at the 
method by which that party stand excluded, having on this occasion laboured 
to have their own scruples removed, and at the same time to have peace and 
unity restored among all that ever were members of the Synod; all the Synod 
now met, heartily concur with them in this noble undertaking, if it can be 
obtained in such a method as may and will maintain sound doctrine, and pre- 
serve the peace and good order of the church. 

In order to accomplish this, these brethren proposed it as an expedient to 
remove their scruples and heal all our divisions, that every person that is or 
has been a member, shall now voluntarily subscribe the essential agreements 
on which our Synod formerly was established, and which are the general 
approved agreements of our churches. And as we think that a subscription 
of these articles will be a renouncing disorder and divisive practice, and will, 
when obtained, lay a foundation for maintaining peace, truth, and good order, 
which was what was desired in the protest, by which the Brunswick brethren 
stand excluded. We, therefore, in compliance with the request of these breth- 
ren, and in order to remove all scruples, propose that all that are now or 
ever have been members of this Synod, shall subscribe the following funda- 
mental articles and agreements as their acts, and all who will do so shall be 
members of this Synod, 

II. That in all prudential acts for the regular management of the affairs of 
the church of God among us, every member shall either actively concur or 
peaceably submit to, and not counteract such things as are determined by the 
majority, as being founded upon God's word; or if any do declare they 'have 
not freedom of conscience to comply, they shall withdraw and no more be 
acknowledged as members of this Synod, unless they afterwards find clearness 
and so return and comply. 

III. That if any member suppose he has reason of complaint against any of 
his brethren for unsound doctrine, or irregularities of life, or unfaithfulness in 
his pastoral office, he shall proceed in a Christian way according to the rules 
of God's word, and our known methods of discipline, and shall not in public 
or private spread his surmises, offences, or scandals, without proceeding as 
aforesaid; or else be accounted guilty of unchristian conduct, and liable to 
censure. Accordingly we look upon such practices to be contrary to the gos- 
pel, and of pernicious tendency to the church of Christ. 

IV. That no member of this Synod shall preach in the congregation of 
another brother without judicial appointment, or being invited by his brother 
to preach for him. And whoever acts contrary shall be deemed guilty of un- 
brotherly treatment and divisive practice, and be censured accordingly; an d 
the same way, no Presbytery shall invade the charge and rights of other 
Presbyteries. And all erections within the bounds of regulated congregations, 



SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 179 

that have been or shall be set up by such itinerant preaching and divisive prac- 
tices, shall be deemed contrary to the peace and good order of this church, 
and consequently shall not be maintained or supported by any member be- 
longing to us. 

V. We agree, that none who have not heretofore enjoyed membership in 
this Synod, shall be admitted thereto without submitting to the manner of 
admission determined by our former acts ; and such as may and shall be pro- 
vided in that case, and complying with these general articles now agreed upon. 
And all such as upon proper trial shall be duly qualified with respect to learn- 
ing, soundness in the faith, and a gospel conversation, shall, upon agreeing to 
these articles, and submitting to our method of church government, be cordi- 
ally admitted to Synodical communion. 

VI. We agree that each member of this Synod shall keep a day of public 
and solemn fasting, and thereupon confess and bewail the prevailing evils of 
infidelity, profaneness, the untenderness and barrenness of professors, and the 
decay of religion in general ; and particularly the debates, divisive practices, 
uncharitable censures, and unbrotherly treatment that have torn and divided 
the church of Christ in these parts to the dishonour of God, the hurt of prac- 
tical piety, the offence and scandal of the weak, and the hardening the wicked, 
and the opening the mouths of the profane. And deprecate the divine dis- 
pleasure, and implore the blessing of God upon this and all other proper 
means for the advancement of true and undefiled religion, and the maintaining 
and propagating the great truths of the gospel, and the peace, unity, and in- 
crease of this infant church. 

The brethren of New York Presbytery immediately answered, they would 
not accept this plan, nor be united with us upon it; and therefore as being 
commissioned by New York Presbytery to transact in this affair, they desire 
that a copy of this overture may be tnven them to carry to their Presbytery. 

Propose to the Synod that it should be mutually agreed, that they be allowed 
with the consent of this body, to erect another Synod, under the name of the 
Synod of New York. This they desire to do with the consent of this body, 
that they may not be thought to set up and act in opposition to this, and that 
there may be a foundation for the two Synods to consult and act in mutual 
concert with one another hereafter, and maintain love and brotherly kindness 
with each other. 

The Synod appoint Messrs. Thomson, Alison, Griffith, and McDowell, 
to prepare an answer to this proposal, and bring it in to the Synod the next 
sederunt. 

Adjourned till Monday morning at ten o'clock. Concluded with prayer. 

21th day, ten o'clock, A. M. post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

The committee appointed to draw up an answer to the proposal of the New 
York brethren, brought in one accordingly, which was considered, and after 
much discourse upon it, was approven as it here follows : The unhappy divi- 
sions which have subsisted among us for some years, cannot but deeply affect 
all that wish the welfare of Zion; and it particularly affects us, that some of 
our brethren of New York do not at present see their way clear to continue in 
Synodical communion with us. And though we judge they have no just 
ground to withdraw from us, yet seeing they propose to erect themselves into 
a Synod at New York, and now desire to do this in the most friendly manner 
possible, we declare, if they or any of them do so, we shall endeavour to 
maintain charitable and Christian affections toward them, and show the same 



180 



MINUTES OF THE 



upon all occasions by such correspondence and fellowship, as we shall think 
duty, and consistent with a good conscience. 

Adjourned till two o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

At two o'clock P. M. post preces sederunt qui supra* 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

A letter from a gentleman in Virginia, with a printed charge given by the 
governor of that colony to the grand jury, was laid before the Synod ; by 
which it appears that the government of that colony is highly provoked by the 
conduct of some of the new party who have preached there, and therefore the 
Synod judge it necessary to send an address to that governor, informing him 
of the distinction between this Synod and that separated party, that so their 
conduct may not be imputed to us, nor provoke that government to deny us 
the liberties and favours we have enjoyed under it. Therefore, the Synod 
appoints Messrs. Cross, Thomson, Alison, and Griffith, to be a committee to 
draw up said address against the next sederunt.* 



* We have procured a copy of the charge above alluded to, from the American weekly 
Mercury, published in Philadelphia, August, 1745, and placed in the Philadelphia Li- 
brary, which we subjoin for the gratification of the reader. — Editor. 

" The charge of the Honourable William Gooch, Esq. Lieutenant Governor and com- 
mander in chief of the colony and dominion of Virginia, delivered to the gentlemen of 
the grand jury, at the capital in Williamsburg, on Thursday the 18th of April, 1745. 

** Without taking any notice of the ordinary matters and things you are called to at- 
tend, and sworn to make inquisition for, I must, on this occasion, turn to your thoughts 
and recommend to your present service, another subject of great importance, which, I 
thank God, has been unusual, but I hope will be most effectual ; I mean the information 
I have received of certain false teachers that are lately crept into this government; 
who, without orders or licenses, or producing any testimonial of their education or sect, 
professing themselves ministers under the pretended influence of new light, extraordinary 
impulse, and such like fanatical and enthusiastic knowledge, lead the innocent and igno- 
rant people into all kinds of delusion; and in this frantic and profane disguise, though 
such is their heterodoxy, that they treat all other modes of worship with the utmost scorn 
and contempt, yet, as if they had bound themselves by an oath to do many things against 
the religion of the blessed Jesus, that pillar and stay of the truth, our reformed church, 
to the great dishonour of Almighty God, and the discomfort of serious Christians, they 
endeavour to make their followers believe that salvation is not to be obtained in her com- 
munion. 

M As this denunciation, and, if I am rightly advised, in* words not decent to repeat, 
has been by one of them publicly affirmed, and shows what manner of spirit they all of 
them are of, in a country hitherto remarkable for uniformity in worship, and where the 
saving truths of the gospel are so constantly inculcated ; I did promise myself, that either 
their preaching would be in vain, or that an insolence so criminal should not long be 
connived at. 

" And, therefore gentlemen, since these workers of a deceitful work, blaspheming our 
sacraments, and reviling our excellent liturgy, are said to draw disciples after them, and 
we know not whereunto this separation may grow, but may easily foretell into what a 
distracted condition, by longer forbearance, this colony will be reduced ; we are called 
upon by the rights of society, and what I am persuaded, will be with you at least as pre- 
vailing an inducement, by the principles of Christianity, to put an immediate stop to the 
devices and intrigues of these associated schismatics ; who having, no doubt, assumed to 
themselves the apostasy of our weak brethren, we may be assured there is not any thing 
so absurd but what they will assert, nor any doctrines or precepts so sacred but what 
they will pervert and accommodate to their favourite theme, railing against our religious 
establishment, for which in any other country, the British dominions only excepted, they 
would be very severely handled. 

" However not meaning to inflame your resentment as we may, without breach of 
charity pronounce, that it is not liberty of conscience, but freedom of speech they so 
earnestly prosecute ; and we are very sure they have no manner of pretence to any shel- 

* That we worship the devil and are damned. 



SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 181 

Ordered, That Messrs. Andrews, Cross, Thomson, Alison, and Samuel 
Evans, be a committee to draw up a declaration against the present disorders 
and divisive practices that prevail in the church against the next sederunt. 

Ordered, That every minister who has been ordered to let money belonging 
to the Synod, and take bonds for it in their own name, shall now give a decla- 
ration of trust to the Synod. And agreed, that no member shall hereafter be 
allowed to borrow any money from the Synod. 

Some young men offering themselves to examination according to our acts 
in that case, agreed that the whole Synod resolve itself into a committee, and 
immediately enter upon said examination at Mr. Cross's house. 

Adjourned till to-morrow morning at ten o'clock. Concluded with prayer. 

2Stk day at ten o'clock, A. M. Ubi post preees sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

The address to the governor of Virginia was brought in and approved, and 
is as follows: 

To the Honourable William Gooch, Esq. Lieutenant Governor of the co- 
lony of Virginia, &C. The humble address, &c: 

May it please your Honour: The favourable acceptance which your Honour 
was pleased to give our former address, and the countenance and protection 
which those of our persuasion have met with in Virginia, fills us witli grati- 
tude, and we beg leave on this occasion in all sincerity to express the same. 
It very deeply affects us to find, that any who go from these parts, and per- 
haps assume the name of Presbyterians, should be guilty of such practices, 
such uncharitable, unchristian expressions, as are taken notice of in your Ho- 
nour's charge to the grand jury. And in the mean time it gives us the greatest 
pleasure, that we can assure vour Honour, these persons never belonged to 
our body, but are missionaries sent out by some, who by reason of their divi- 
sive and uncharitable doctrines and practices, were in May, 1741, excluded 
from our Synod, upon which they erected themselves into a separate society, 
and have industriously sent abroad persons whom we judge ill qualified for 
the character they assume, to divide and trouble the churches. And, there- 



ter under the acts of toleration, because, admitting they have had regular ordination, 
they are by these acts obliged, nor can they be ignorant of it, not only to take the oaths, 
and with the test to subscribe, after a deliberate reading of them, some of the articles of 
our religion, before they presume to officiate, but, that in this indulgent grant, though 
not expressed, a covenant is intended, whereby they engage to preserve the character of 
conscientious men, and not to use their liberty for a cloak of maliciousness. 

"So that I say, allowing their ordination, yet, as they have not, by submitting to these 
essential points, qualified themselves to gather a congregation, or, if they had, in speaking 
all manner of evil against us, have forfeited the privilege due to such compliance, inso- 
much, that they are entirely without excuse, and their religious profession is very justly 
suspected to be the result of Jesuitical policy, which also is an iniquity to be punished by 
the judges. 

" I must, as in duty bound to God and man, charge you in the most solemn manner, 
to make strict inquiry after these seducers; and if they or any of them, are still in the 
government, by presentment or indictment, to report them to the court, that we, who 
are in authority under the Defender of our Faith, and the appointed guardians to our 
constitution in church and state, exercising our power in this respect for the protection 
of the people committed to our care, may show our zeal in the maintenance of the true 
religion; not as the manner of some is, by violent oppression, but in putting to silence, 
by such method as our laws direct, the calumnies and invectives of these bold accusers, 
and in dispelling, as we are devoutly disposed, so dreadful and dangerous a combination. 

" In short, gentlemen, we should deviate from the pious path we profess to tread in, 
and should be unjust to God, to our kmg, to our country, to ourselves, and to our poste- 
rity, not to take cognizance of so great wickedness, whereby the grace of our Lord Jesus 
Christ is turned into lasciviousness." 
16 



!S2 MINUTES OF THE 

fore, we humbly pray, that while those who belong to us and produce proper 
testimonials, behave themselves suitably, they may still enjoy the favour of 
your Honour's countenance and protection. And praying for the divine bless- 
ing on your person and government, we beg leave to subscribe ourselves, 
May it please your Honour, 

Your Honour's most obliged, 

most obedient, and most humble servant. 

Signed in the name and per order of the Synod, 

Robert Cathcart, Moderator. 
May 28, 1745. 

The committee appointed to draw the declaration, not having prepared it 
yet, ordered, that they bring it in against the next sederunt. And the com- 
mittee meet on the affair of the fund. 

Adjourned to Mr. Andrews's house, at two o'clock, afternoon. 
Concluded with prayer. 

Jit two o'clock met at Mr. Andrews's house, as appointed. 

The committee appointed to meet at Mr. Cross's house yesterday, P. M. 
met accordingly, and after due examination of the young men that offered 
themselves, in the languages and several parts of philosophy, who were David 
Thom, John Hamilton, and Hector Alison, they were all three approved. 

Ordered, That the clerk give them a copy of this minute as a certificate. 

Adjourned till the fourth Wednesday of May next at three o'clock, P. M. 

Concluded with prayer. 

The Synod met at Philadelphia, at nine of the clock, A. M. 

May 9, 1746. Ubi post preces sederunt, 

Of Philadelphia Presbytery : Messrs. Andrews, Cross, McHenry, Samuel 
Evans. Absent: Messrs. David Evans, Elmer, Co well, and Guild. 

Of Donegall Presbytery: Messrs. Boyd, Samuel Thomson, and Black. 
Absent: Messrs. John Thomson, Zanchy, Elder, Caven, Craig, and Hind- 
man. 

Of New Castle Presbytery: Messrs. Cathcart, Alison, McDowell, Steel, 
and Griffith. 

Elders: Messrs. William Gray, Samuel Hart, David Griffith, Thomas 
Hope, Charles Gillgore, James Reid, William Lindsay, George Currv, John 
Montgomery, John Dick, Simon James. 

Mr. Cathcart opened the Synod yesterday, by a sermon on 1 Tim. lii. 
15, 16, the last year's moderator. 

Many of the members being absent, the present members agreed not to con- 
stitute till nine o'clock this morning, when more members were expected. 

Mr. Alison chosen moderator, and Mr. Griffith clerk. 

Since our last Mr. William Bertram of Donegall Presbytery, and Mr. James 
Scougall of New Castle Presbytery, are deceased. 

Mr. David Evans sent the reasons of his absence, which were sustained. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

Mr. Samuel Thomson's absence last year, excused because of bodilv indis- 
position. 

The Synod finding several of their members absent from vear to vear, and 
particularly some members of the Presbytery of Donegall, cannot look upon 
such conduct otherwise than irregular, and of dangerous consequence, do 
therefore order, that every Presbytery acquaint their respective members 
thereof; and that the Synod expects some reasons of such absence and better 
attendance hereafter. 

Ordered, That a copy of the above minute be sent to each Presbytery. 



SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 183 

Ordered, That Messrs. Andrews, Cross, McHenry, Samuel Evans, Boyd, 
Thomson, Gillespie, Cathcart, McDowell, Griffith, and the moderator, be 
the commission of the Synod, and committee for the fund, for the ensuing 
year; and that William Gray, John Montgomery, Thomas Hope, elders, be 
joined with them, and that each member shall endeavour to bring elders with 
them, if they have occasion to meet; and that any five ministers, with the 
moderator, shall be a quorum. 

Finding the Presbytery books are not brought, Ordered, That they be 
brought next year. 

Inquiry being made who had brought money for the fund, it was found that 
Messrs. Andrews and Cross, McHenry, Cathcart and Alison, had brought 
some. 

Ordered, upon reading the minutes concerning the school, That the order 
of last year be continued, and every Presbytery be accountable to the Synod 
for their compliance thereunto yearly. 

Ordered, That Messrs. Andrews, Cross, McHenry, Samuel Evans, Boyd, 
Zanchy, Black, McDowell, Steel, Cathcart, and Griffith, be a committee and 
trustees for the school for the ensuing year, to meet on the second Tuesday 
of October and March. 

A letter from the Rev. Mr. Jonathan Dickinson being read before the Synod, 
Ordered, That Messrs. Andrews, Cross, McHenry, McDowell, Griffith, and 
the moderator, be a committee to prepare an answer to said letter by to-mor- 
row morning. 

Ordered, That the committee of the fund inquire into last year's determi- 
nation with respect to the same, and make report to the Synod before this 
session be over. 

A letter from the Honourable William Gooch, Esq'r. Governor of Virginia, 
in answer to our last year's address, was read in Synod, which is as fol- 
io we th : 

Gentlemen : — The address you were pleased to send me as a grateful ac- 
knowledgment for the favour which teachers of your persuasion met with in 
Virginia, was very acceptable to me, but altogether needless to a person in my 
station, because it is what by law they are entitled to. 

And in answer to your present address, intended to justify yourselves and 
members from being concerned in a late outrage committed against the purity 
of our worship, and the sacred appointment of pastors for the service of the 
altar of the established church, which some men calling themselves ministers, 
were justly accused of in my charge to the grand jury, you must suffer me to 
say, that it very nearly affects me, because it seems to insinuate as if I was 
so uncharitable as to suspect men of your education and profession could be 
guilty of unchristian expressions that can only tend to the increase of schism 
and irreligion, which I give you my word was far from my thoughts. 

As the wicked and destructive doctrines and practices of itinerant preachers 
ought to be opposed and suppressed by all who have concern for religion, and 
just regard to public peace and order in church and state, so your missionaries 
producing proper testimonials, complying with the laws, and performing divine 
service in some certain place appropriated for that purpose, without disturbing 
the quiet and unity of our sacred and civil establishments, may be sure of the 
protection of, Reverend Sirs, your most humble servant, 

William Gooch. 
June 20th, 1745. Williamsburg. 

Adjourned to three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

M three o'clock, P. M. post preces sederunt qui supra. 
Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 



1^4 MINUTES OF THE 

Mr. Black, present this afternoon, gave his reasons for his absence last year, 
and his late coming this year, which were sustained. 

In pursuance ofan order of the commission of the Synod, met at Brandy- 
wine, August 20th, 1745, Messrs. Andrews and Cross wrote to the Reverend 
President~and Trustees of Yale College, a letter which is in retentis, and an 
answer to said letter is now laid before the Synod, and the consideration of 
the whole affair referred to an interloquitur of the Synod. 

Ordered, That Messrs. Cross, Alison, Evans, and Griffith, write an an- 
swer to said letter, and bring it in before the end of the session. 

Adjourned till ten o'clock, to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 

30th day, at ten o'clock, A. M. Post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

An answer to Mr. Dickinson's letter, laid before us by Mr. Andrews, was 
brought in by the committee, and being read was unanimously approved, and 
is as follows : 

Reverend and dear Brother: — We had yours laid before us by Mr. An- 
drews, and trust we can heartily join in all proper methods to promote the 
glory of God, the interest of Christ's kingdom, and welfare of the churches 
in these parts, and shall readily join with you in remembering each other at 
the throne of grace, and praying for each other's gospel endeavours to ad- 
vance religion. We are also pleased that attempts are making by you to pre- 
vent divisive methods. But we would desire you might communicate to us 
the plan on which you have erected yourselves, what general agreements you 
brought the members under at their admission, and who are members with 
you. When we are better acquainted with these things, we can the more 
readily judge how w r e shall be able to answer your desires. We can assure 
you of our regard and friendship, and our praying for the Divine blessing on 
your person and ministerial labours. We take leave to subscribe, Reverend 
Sir, your affectionate brethren and humble servants. Signed in the name and 
by the order of the Synod, by 

Francis Alison. Moderator. 

The committee appointed to bring in an answer to Mr. Clap's letter brought 
it in, and it was ordered that Messrs. Andrews, Gillespie, Cathcart. Boyd, 
Black, McDowell, and Steel, be a committee to revise said answer, and make 
report in the afternoon. 

Ordered, That the Synod rinding some difficulties, the Svnod resolve into 
a committee of the whole house, to consider the affair of the" fund, and all the 
papers relating thereto, to be brought in this afternoon. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

At three o'clock, P. M. post preces sederunt qui supra. 

The committee appointed in the morning to revise the letter, report that 
they approve of the substance of it; and the Synod appoint Messrs. Andrews, 
Cross, and the moderator, to be a committee to draw a fair eopv of said letter 
and bring it to-morrow morning. 

The affair of the fund continued till to-morrow morning. 

Adjourned till eight o'clock to-morrow morning. Concluded with praver. 

31 day, at eight of the clock, A. M. Post preces, sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

The committee for the letter not having finished, it's ordered, that we pro- 
ceed to the affair of the fund. 

The committee for the letter to Mr. Clap brought it in, and it was ap- 
proved, and is as follows, viz.: 



SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 185 

Philadelphia, May 30th, 1746. 

Very Reverend Sir: — We received the favour of yours of the 21st of No- 
vember last, and acknowledge our obligation to the President and Fellows of 
Yale College for considering our request and expressing their readiness to 
promote the interest of religion and learning among us. 

We agree with you that the affair is of great importance, and are willing to 
satisfy you to the utmost as to the plan and constitution of our school, and 
the present state of our Synod, under whose care it is. Some years ago our 
Synod found the interest of Christ's kingdom likely to suffer in these parts 
for want of a college for the education of young men. And our supplies 
either from Europe or New England were few in proportion to the numerous 
vacancies in our growing settlements. Mr. William Tennent set up a school 
among us, where some were educated, and afterwards admitted to the minis- 
try without sufficient qualifications as was judged by many of the Synod. 
And what made the matter look worse, those that were educated in this pri- 
vate way decried the usefulness of some parts of learning that we thought very 
necessary. It was therefore agreed to try to erect a college, and apply to our 
friends in Britain, and Ireland, and New England, to assist us. We wrote 
to the Association of Boston on this head, and had a very favourable answer. 
But when we were thus projecting our plan, and appointing commissioners 
to Britain, &c. to promote the thing, the war with Spain was proclaimed, 
which put a stop to our proceedings then. The Synod then came to a public 
agreement to take all private schools where young men were educated for the 
ministry, so far under their care as to appoint a committee of our Synod to 
examine all such as had not obtained degrees in the European or New Eng- 
land colleges, and give them certificates if they were found qualified, which 
was to serve our Presbyteries instead of a college diploma, till better provision 
could be made. Mr. Gilbert Tennent cried out that this was to prevent his 
father's school for training gracious men for the ministry; and he, and some 
of his adherents, protested against it, and counteracted this our public agree- 
ment, admitting men to the ministry which we judged unfit for that office, 
which course they persisted in though admonished and reproved by us for 
such unwarrantable proceedings. While these debates subsisted, Mr. White- 
field came into the country, whom they drew into their party to encourage 
divisions. And they and he have been the sad instruments of dividing our 
churches. And by his interest Mr. Gilbert Tennent grew hardy enough to 
tell our Synod he would oppose their design of getting assistance to erect a 
college wherever we should make application, and would maintain young men 
at his father's school in opposition to us. This, with his and his adherent's 
divisive practices, obliged the Synod to exclude him and others of his stamp, 
from their communion. In this situation our affairs grew worse; for our va- 
cancies were numerous, and we found it hard in sucli trouble to engage gen- 
tlemen either from New England or Europe to come among us, as our best 
friends in those places could recommend as steadfast in the faith, and men of 
parts and education. Upon this the Synod erected a school in the year 1744. 
It was agreed that the said school should be opened under the inspection of 
the Synod, where the languages, philosophy, and divinity should be taught 
gratis, to all that should comply with the regulation of the school, being per- 
sons of good character and behaviour. They appointed a master and tutor for 
this business, who were to be paid by such contributions as the Synod could 
obtain for this purpose; and agreed, from year to year to appoint trustees to 
meet twice a year to inspect the master's diligence and method of teaching, 
who direct what authors are chiefly to be read in the several branches of learn- 
ing, to examine the scholars as to their proficiency and good conduct, and ap* 
ply the money procured to such uses as they judge proper, and who order ail 
16* 



ISO 



MINUTES OF THE 



affairs relating unto the school. And the trustees are yearly to be accountable 
to the Synodf and to make report of their proceedings, and the state of the 
school. And it is agreed, that after said scholars pass the course of studies 
prescribed them, they shall be publicly examined by the said trustees, and such 
ministers as the Synod shall think fit to appoint, and if approved receive tes- 
timonials of their approbation, and without such testimonials none of thePres- 
bvteries under the care of our Synod shall improve any of our scholars in the 
ministry. From this narrative you see how narrow our foundation is, and 
vet how necessary it was that we should do something of this nature to pre- 
vent our being overrun with ignorance and confusion. You see how we have 
been straitened by the endeavours of some that belonged to our body, who in 
their zeal have spoken diminutively of all the reformed churches, and endea- 
voured to pour contempt on colleges and universities. We hope, therefore, 
you will enable us to make a stand against those evils, and to be united with 
vou in this grand design, is one reason of our present application. We can 
with pleasure inform you that our poor undertaking has been so blessed by 
Providence as to exceed our expectations. Several ministers and gentlemen 
have helped us to books to begin a library ; and we hope that in time we may 
obtain assistance from England, Ireland, and elsewhere, to enable us to found 
a college, though the troubles of the times hinder our application at present. 
We have not obtained a charter as yet, but have reason to hope we may pro- 
cure one if there be occasion. But have another way judged by our best 
lawyers a good foundation to secure donations, by appointing trustees and ob- 
liging them to give declarations of trust. W"e have also, belonging to our 
Synod, a considerable fund for public uses, but have no occasion hitherto, to 
apply any of it to the use of the school, being otherwise supplied. What 
hath been said may satisfy you that our school is under such regulation as 
does as nearly correspond with yours as our present circumstances will ad- 
mit ; but we shall readily make any amendments that you desire if it be in 
our power. We are obliged to admit boys to read grammar, but are deter- 
mined to recommend none but such as have made a good proficiency in the 
languages, and are in some measure acquainted with the usual course of study 
in the arts and sciences now used in the British colleges, though we freely ac- 
knowledge our vast disadvantages, especially in natural philosophy, and' will 
cheerfully agree, as far as our circumstances will permit, that the" same, or 
generally the same, authors, on the arts and sciences be taught in our school 
as are used by you; and would gladly be favoured with a particular account 
of them. The time of stay with you which you mention, and the expenses, 
we think reasonable ; yet, as learning is not in the same esteem in this govern- 
ment as in New England, we beg all the indulgence your constimtion can 
allow us, lest parents grudge expenses if they run high. We heartily asrree 
that our scholars be examined by the President and Fellows, and be* treated 
only according to their proficiency; that they be obliged to bring recommen- 
dations from our Synod, or trustees of the school, and shall claim no prece- 
dency in your classes, nor the privilege of freshmen, but what are consistent 
with the good order of your college. Nor do we plead anv such privilege 
for any butthe inhabitants of Pennsylvania, or the parts that are as far dis- 
tant from New Haven, and are educated under our care, and have sv nodical 
recommendations. We further assure you, that improving in the minis trv 
such scholars as you expelled, has been as offensive to us as to vou. And 
those which joined with the Tennents and their party in this affair, as we un- 
derstand, have withdrawn from our synodical communion, and joined with 
them entirely under the denomination of the Synod of New York. As to the 
Synod's constitution, we are unanimously agreed in the same plan in every 
respect on winch we constituted, and continued in our most flourishing cir- 



SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 187 

cumstances ; so we are, to a man, dissatisfied with the late divisive practices, 
and would soon, we hope, be in a flourishing state again had we ministers to 
supply our vacancies. We excluded from synodical communion, as we re- 
marked already, the four Tennents, Blair, Craighead, (who is since turned a 
rigid Covenanter, or Cameronian,) Treat, and Mr. Wales. These, especially 
the Tennents, Blair, and Treat, being the ringleaders of our divisions, and 
the destroyers of good learning and gospel order among us ; and they, with 
a few others that joined with them, erected themselves into a separate body, 
and licensed and ordained men for the work of the ministry that were gene- 
rally ignorant, and warm in the divisive scheme, and they have troubled Vir- 
ginia, and the New English government, and as we are informed, pretend that 
they belong to our body. But we can assure you, that Mr. Gilbert Tennent, 
and his adherents, were disowned as members, and excluded communion, be- 
fore his famous tour through the churches of New England. Some of our 
brethren of New York Presbytery, whom we esteem and regard, particularly 
Messrs. Dickinson, Pierson, and Pemberton, have always as freely, till lately, 
blamed those practices as any of us; but now, through some unhappy bias, 
are become warm advocates for them, and blaming our method of excluding 
them, have for two or three years past laboured to procure them seats among 
us, without acknowledging their faults in dividing our churches, and promis- 
ing amendment before we receive them again. And we believe that their par- 
tiality for these men might occasion ihem to join in encouraging some of your 
disorderly scholars, which we are far from vindicating. When these gentle- 
men could not succeed in their attempt to bring in those itinerants without 
acknowledging their faults, as we said, they withdrew from the Synod, de- 
claring that they had no other ground to do so but our excluding those mem- 
bers in a way they disliked; and last September they erected themselves into 
a Synod, which goes under the name of the Synod of New York. And we 
have now before us a letter desiring correspondence with them, by receiving 
two or three of their members to sit with us yearly, and sending as many to 
them. They also propose that we should every third year meet in some con- 
venient place, by delegates, to order public affairs for the glory of God, and 
good of the church. The proposals seem fair, hut till these dividers of our 
churches, and who chiefly make up that body, declare against the late divisive, 
uncharitable practices; till they show us in what way they intend 10 have their 
youth educated for the ministry, and be as ready to discourage all such me- 
mods of bringing all good learning into contempt as the shepherd's tent, we 
shall be shy to comply with their proposals. Thus, sir, we have given you 
a just account both of the Synod and school at present, by which you may 
understand the difficulties we labour under; and we doubt not but your sin- 
cere desire to promote the interest of religion and learning among us will in- 
cline you to do all in your power for our help and encouragement. You will 
be pleased to communicate this to the corporation, and if they think fit to take 
any notice of it, we will depend on them to favour us with an answer. We 
heartily wish the Divine blessing on your labours in the ministry, and in 
training up youth for that sacred work, and pray that your college may flourish 
and become more and more a blessing, not only to New England, but the 
neighbouring colonies, and we beg leave to assure you that to maintain a 
Christian, friendly correspondence with you will be a great pleasure to, very 
Reverend Sir, your affectionate brethren, and humble servants. 

Ordered, That the Presbytery of New Castle inquire before our next to 
whom the Synod shall pay what remains of the money promised to Wilming- 
ton, and give the person to whom they judge it due, an order on the Synod 
for it. 

Ordered, That Messrs. Andrews and Cross write to all persons indebted to 



188 MINUTES OF THE 

the fund to pay their respective sums, or renew their bonds for the same, be- 
fore our next. 

Adjourned to the fourth Wednesday of May next, at three o'clock, after- 
noon. Concluded with prayer. 

The Synod of Philadelphia met, according to appointment, 

May the 27th, 1747. Ubi post preces, sederunt qui supra. 

Of Donegall Presbytery: Messrs. Adam Boyd, and Richard Zanchy. 

New Castle Presbytery: Messrs. Robert Cathcart, Francis Alison, Alex- 
ander McDowell, Timothy Griffith, and John Steel. 

Philadelphia Presbytery : Messrs. Robert Cross, David Cowell, Francis 
McHenry, Samuel Evans. 

Absent from Donegall Presbytery: Messrs. John Thomson, Samuel Black, 
John Elder, Samuel Thomson, John Craig, and Samuel Caven. 

Absent from New Castle Presbytery : Mr. George Gillespie. 

Absent from Philadelphia Presbytery: Messrs. David Evans, Daniel El- 
mer, and John Guild. 

Since our last were ordained, by Donegall Presbytery, Mr. David Thom ; 
and by New Castle, Messrs. John Dick, John Hamilton, and Hector Alison. 

Elders: John Henderson, William Whiteside, John M. Even, John M. 
Michael, William Finney, William Gillespie, Thomas James, John William- 
son, Joshua Hill, John Cross, William Ramsey, and Nathaniel Bryan. 

The Synod was opened by Mr. Francis Alison, with a sermon from 1 Cor. 
iv. 1, 2. 

Mr. Alexander McDowell chosen moderator, and Mr. John Dick chosen 
clerk. 

Ordered, That the minutes of our last be read. 

Mr. Andrews was removed by death since our last. 

The Governor being to embark for England the Synod concluded to present 
him an address. 

Adjourned to nine o'clock to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 

28th day, at nine o'clock, A. M. Ubi post preces, sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

Ordered, That last year's minutes be read. 

The affair of absent members to be considered. 

Ordered, That Messrs. Cross, McHenry, Cowell, Boyd, Zanchy, Thom. 
Griffith, Cathcart, Alison, Steel, Dick, and the moderator, be the commission 
of the Synod, and committee for the fund for the following year, and that the 
following elders, Messrs. John Cross, Thomas James, William Gillespie, be 
joined with them for the committee for the fund, and that any six of said com- 
mission, and the moderator, shall be a quorum. 

Ordered, That last year's commission of the Synod, and committee for 
the fund, lay their minutes before us in the afternoon. 

Ordered, That Messrs. John Steel, and Hamilton, examine Philadelphia 
Presbytery book. 

New Castle Presbytery are found remarkably guilty of neglecting to bring 
their Presbytery book to the Synod. Ordered," that they bring it to our next! 

Donegall Presbytery not having their book, ordered, that they bring it to 
our next. 

Inquiry being made who had brought money to the fund, it is found that 
there is none brought by any of the members but Messrs. Cross, McHenry, 
Alison, Gillespie, and McDowell. 

Ordered, That that affair be examined at our next sederunt. 



SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 189 

Ordered, That the affair relating to the school be considered at our next 
sederunt, and that it be inquired whether the trustees attended according to 
appointment. 

The affair of Wilmington decided. 

Upon considering the distance of the brethren in the back parts of Virginia, 
we think it is necessary that we should know the state of that church that are 
under our care, though at a distance from us ; and, therefore, it is ordered, 
that at least one of these brethren shall every year attend us, that we may 
have the pleasure of knowing the state of Christ's kingdom among them, and 
that we may keep Synodical communion in reality and not in name only, and 
ordered, that Messrs. McHenry, and Zanchy write them a letter to acquaint 
them with the mind of the Synod in said affair. 

Adjourned to three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

At three o'clock, P. M. Ubi post preces, sederunt qui supra. 

Mr. Gillespie now present. 

Ordered, The minutes of our last be lead. 

The Presbytery of Philadelphia represented to the Synod, the destitute 
condition of the people of Tredyffryn, by .Mr. Samuel Evans 1 relinquishing 
the pastoral charge there, and earnestly desiring thai the Synod would appoint 
Mr. Timothy Griffith to supply them as much as shall be thought proper. 

Ordered, That Mr. Griffith supply that people on Sabbath next, and one 
Sunday every month until our next, unless they be otherwise supplied; and 
that the Presbytery of New Castle excuse him from supplying other vacancies 
during that time. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the commission be read. 

Ordered, That Mr. Alison use all endeavours to recover what is due to the 
Synod by the estate of Mr. Anderson. 

Upon a supplication from Mrs. Tennent to the Synod, desiring that the 
interest of the money due from her husband's estate, should be remitted: 
The Synod agreed to remit eight pounds on condition the rest be paid on 
demand, and without further trouble or delay. 

Adjourned till to-morrow at ten o'clock. Concluded with prayer. 

29 day at ten o'clock, A. M. Ubi post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of our last be read. 

Ordered, That Messrs. Cross and Cathcart wait on the governor with the 
Synod's address half an hour after twelve. 

The affair of the fund reassumed. 

Ordered, That Mr. Cross use all care to get the bond paid which is due to 
the Synod by Moor and Cunningham, and also what is due by Mr. Gelston, 
before the next meeting of the Synod. 

Ordered, That the committee of the fund take care of what is yet to be done 
before the breaking up of the Synod. 

Ordered, That Mr. Cross take care of the Synod's books and be treasurer. 

The affair of the school reassumed. Ordered, That a committee be ap- 
pointed to consider what may be proper for its advantage before our next 
sederunt, and that Messrs. Boyd, McHenry, Griffith, McDowell, and Alison, 
be the committee. 

A paper containing some scruples concerning the present method of admin- 
istration of the Lord's Supper, being brought in by Mr. McDowell: 

Ordered, That a committee be appointed to consider said paper, and to bring 
in an overture upon it, and that Messrs. Gillespie, Zanchy, Steel, Hamilton, 



19 q MINUTES OF THE 

Thorn, Nathaniel Bryans, John Henderson, John McEven, John Whiteside, 
and William Gillespie, be the committee. 

Adjourned till two o'clock. Concluded with prayer. 

At two o'clock, P. M. Vbi post preces sederunt qui supra. 
Found that Mr. David Cowell absented without Synodical leave. 
Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 
The Synod's address to the governor was presented and accepted. 
An overture by the committee for the school was brought in and agreed to 
as follows: 

1. That the Synod endeavour to pay the arrears now due out of the fund. 

2. That every Presbytery recommend it to their respective members to be 
careful to raise collections among their people for the use of the school, and 
inquire at the meetings of the several members' conduct therein, and give an 
account thereof to the Synod at our next meeting, and that such as supply 
vacancies be industrious to obtain contributions from them, and that such con- 
gregations as contribute to the support of the school, shall be that year freed 
from contributing to the fund as usual. 

A letter from the Rev. Mr. Clap, President of Yale College, and Fellows, 
was laid before the Synod, and it was ordered, that Messrs. Cross, Alison, 
and the moderator, write an answer. 

The committee appointed to consider the paper brought in by Mr. McDow- 
ell, returned the following overture : 

That we, the committee which was appointed to bring in an overture on 
the paper of scruples, concerning the present manner of administering the 
Lord's Supper, laid before the Synod ; being satisfied that said scruples are 
of such importance as require much deliberation, do therefore humbly offer to 
the Synod, that a copy of said scruples be transmitted by Mr. McDowell to 
each Presbytery, to be communicated to every particular session, and when 
considered both in sessions and Presbyteries, that each Presbytery lay their 
judgments before the Synod against our next. 

Ordered, That the commission of the Synod be the committee for the 
school, to meet the second Wednesdays of October and March, and that five 
of them and the moderator, be a quorum, as the commission of the Synod, 
and that they then examine Mr. Israel Reid, and give him a certificate if he 
be approved. 

Ordered, The committee of the fund meet to-morrow morning at nine 
o'clock, at Mr. Cross's. 

Adjourned till the fourth Wednesday of May next. 

Concluded with prayer. 

The Synod met at Philadelphia according to appointment, 

May 25th, 1748. Ubi post preces sederunt, 

Ministers of the Presbytery of Philadelphia: Messrs. Robert Cross, Fran- 
cis McHenry, John Guild. Absent: Messrs. David Evans, David Cowell. 
and Daniel Elmer. 

Donegall Presbytery: Messrs. Adam Boyd, John Elder, Richard Zanchv, 
and David Thorn. Absent: Messrs. John Thomson, Samuel Thomson, John 
Craig, and Samuel Caven. 

New Castle Presbytery : Messrs. Francis Alison, Alexander McDowell. 
John Steel, John Hamilton, Hector Alison, Timothy Griffith, and David 
Brown. Absent: Messrs. George Gillespie, and Robert Cathcart. 

Elders: Messrs. Robert Mathies, John Manillee, Alexander Rodders. 
Robert Taylor, William Cunningham, James Snodgrass, John Scot, John 



SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 191 

Crosson, John Callwell, Nathaniel Williams, Thomas Jones, Gillbelcher 
Parker. 

The Synod was opened by a sermon from Psal. cxxxvii. 6. by Mr. Alex- 
ander McDowell. 

Mr. John Elder chosen moderator, and Mr. Steel clerk. 

Adjourned till nine o'clock to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 

May 26, the Synod met according to adjournment. Ubi post preces 
sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, The minutes of our last be read. 

Messrs. Gillespie's and Cathcart's absence excused. 

Ordered, The minutes of our last year's Synod be read. 

Messrs. Elder's and Guild's absence excused. 

Since our last Mr. John Dick was removed by death. 

Ordered, That Messrs. Cross, McHenry, Guild, Francis Alison, McDowell, 
Griffith, Boyd, Zanchy, and Thorn, be the commission and committee for the 
fund for the following year, and that the following elders, Messrs. Robert 
Mathies, Alexander Rogers, John Scot, be joined with them for the com- 
mittee for the fund, and that any five of said commission, with the moderator, 
be a quorum. 

Ordered, Mr. Alison and the moderator examine Philadelphia Presbytery 
book. 

The Presbytery of New Castle declared that in pursuance to the Synod's 
order, have appointed at several times men to prepare their book for the Synod, 
but these members found such difficulties that they have not yet said book in 
proper order. The Presbytery promises to endeavour that it shall be ready 
against our next. 

Ordered, That Messrs. McHenry and Guild examine Donegall Presbytery 
book. 

Ordered, That the Presbytery books be brought to our next sederunt. 

Inquiry being made who had brought money for the fund, it was found that 
none brought but Messrs. Robert Cross, McHenry, and Francis Alison. 

The affair of the School referred. 

Ordered, That the Presbytery of Donegall write to Virginia, to let the mi- 
nisters know that we expect one of their members yearly to attend our Synod, 
that we may know the state of their churches. 

Ordered, That Mr. Timothy Griffith supply Tredrvffrin once in the two 
months, unless they can be otherwise supplied; and if New Castle Presbytery 
can procure supplies for the vacancies, he is appointed to supply them once a 
month as formerly, and that he be exempted from any other supplies. 

The Synod recommends to Philadelphia Presbytery to allow TredryfTrin as 
many supplies as they can. 

Ordered, That Mr. Alison continue his endeavours to recover what is due 
to the Synod by Mr. Anderson's estate. 

Ordered, That Mr. Cross take care to recover the debts due to our fund by 
Messrs. Gelston and Cunningham. 

The affair of the scruples referred. 

Adjourned to four o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

Jit four o'clock, P. M. Ubi post preces, sederunt qui supra. 
Ordered, The minutes of the last be read. 
Ordered, The Presbytery book brought in at our next sederunt. 
The affair of the school continued. 
The affair of the scruples continued. 
In pursuance to a supplication from Virginia, the Synod appoints, that one 



jC)2 MINUTES OF THE 

minister be sent in the fall and another in the spring, to preach in the back 
parts of Virginia each eight Sabbaths, and that such members be exempted till 
all other members of the Synod do the same, and that said ministers' congre- 
gations be supplied during their absence, one half of the time by their respec- 
tive Presbytery. 

Ordered, That Mr. Richard Zanchy supply eight Sabbaths in the back parts 
of Virginia this fall; and that Mr. Steel supply eight weeks in the spring, and 
return before next Synod. 

It is also recommended to the Presbytery of Donegall,to send their supplies 
to Virginia as often as they can conveniently. 

Adjourned till nine o'clock, A. M. Concluded with prayer. 

May 27, nine o'clock, A. M. Ubi post preces sederunt, qui supra. 

Mr. David Brown, a minister of the gospel from North Britain, being ad- 
mitted a member of the Presbytery of New Castle, took his place among us. 

Ordered, The minutes of our last be read. 

The Presbytery of Philadelphia have not brought in their book. 

The Synod on serious consideration, finding that the salaries appointed for 
master and usher of the public school, were not sufficient encouragement, 
order, that the master be allowed forty founds, and the usher twenty pounds 
per annum, which salaries are to be raised by collections from the several 
congregations, whether enjoying the stated ordinances or vacant, and by sess- 
ing each scholar twenty shillings per annum, only allowing the committee 
for said school to exempt such scholars as they shall think proper; and if 
these two methods will not answer the above demands, the remainder is to be 
paid out of the yearly interest of the Synod's fund. 

The affair of the scruples referred. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

Jit three o'clock, P. M. Ubi post preces, sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, The minutes of our last be read. 

Ordered, That Messrs. McHenry, Cross, Thorn, Boyd, Griffith. McDow- 
ell, Cathcart, Hector Alison, Hamilton, and Steel, be a committee for the 
school, to meet the second Tuesday of October. 

In pursuance to an order of the Synod to the several Presbyteries and Ses- 
sions thereunto belonging, to consider some scruples concerning the manner 
of administering the sacrament of the Lord's Supper amongst us^offered by a 
member to the Synod for his own satisfaction, in order tolhe being prepared 
to give their opinion of them at the next meeting of the Synod. Accordinglv 
the Synod having heard, and seriously considered, what was offered by the 
several Presbyteries, and several members finding that the scrupler was noi 
fully satisfied by what was offered, judge it most expedient to leave saic 
scrupler to act in that affair as he shall think most for the glory- of God anc 
the edification of his congregation. 

Ordered, That the committee for the fund meet at nine o'clock to-morrowl 
or Monday, about that affair, and that they make a return of what they do, af 1 
the next meeting of the Synod, viz. the fourth Wednesday of Mav next. 

Concluded with prayer. 

The Synod met at Philadelphia, according to appointment, 

_ May the 24(h, 1749. Ubi post preces, sederunt qui supra. , 

Ministers of Donegall Presbytery: Messrs. Bovd, Elder. Thomson, anj 
Tate. Absent: Messrs. Zanchy and Caven. 

New Castle: Messrs. Cathcart, Alison, Steel, and Griffith. Absent: Messi 
Gillespie, McDowell, Alison, and Hamilton. 



SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 193 

Philadelphia: Messrs. Cross, McHenry, Cowell, and Guild. Absent: 
Messrs. David Evans and Elmer. 

Elders : William Ewing, James Morrison, James Moor, Robert King, An- 
drew Boggs, William Lindsay, George Amie, John Williamson, Thomas 
James, and Robert Mathews. 

Mr. Griffith chosen moderator, and Mr. Guild clerk. 

The Synod was opened by Mr. John Elder, with a sermon from 1 Cor. 
iv. 1. 

Ordered, The minutes of our last be read. 

A proposal for peace and an union between the Synod of New York and 
this Synod, was brought in by Messrs. John Pierson, Gilbert Tennent, Ebe- 
nezer Pemberton, and Aaron Burr, which was taken into consideration, and 
the Synod resolved itself into a committee for this purpose, to meet to-morrow 
morning, at nine o'clock, A. M. Concluded with prayer. 

May the25th, at nine o'clock, A. M. Ubi post preces sederunt qui supra. 

The Synod meet according to adjournment. 

Ordered, The minutes of our last be read. 

Adjourned to four o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

May 25, at four o'clock, P. M. Ubi post preces, sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, The minutes of our last be read. 

The delegates from the Synod of New York having conferred with us for 
some time upon their plan for an union, and having given us some hopes that 
our great ground of complaint may be removed, the Synod resolved to leave 
the further consideration of this affair to a commission of our Synod, who are 
to prepare materials to be laid before both Synods at their next meeting, that 
we may come to a final determination, and the Synod orders that a copy of 
their plan and confession be laid before every Presbytery, and that every 
member, if possible, be consulted on this head, and that every Presbytery 
offer what else they think necessary, in order to answer that valuable end, 
and give it in charge to the delegates which are to meet with these brethren. 

Ordered, That Mr. Griffith write a letter to Mr. Thomson, in Virginia, on 
this head. 

Ordered, That Messrs. Boyd, Elder, Thorn, Cross, Cowell, McHenry, 
Alison, Cathcart, and the moderator, be a commission to treat with these gen- 
tlemen at Trenton, the first Wednesday of October, and that the clerk inform 
Mr. Gilbert Tennent of the time and place appointed. 

The affair of the Great Valley referred. 

Adjourned till nine o'clock, A. M. Concluded with prayer. 

May 26, at nine o'clock, A. M. Ubi post preces, sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, The minutes of our last be read. 

Ordered, That last year's minutes be read. 

The Presbytery of Donegall report that they have ordained Mr. Joseph 
Tate since our last, having adopted the Westminster Confession of Faith, 
and Catechisms, according to the order of this Synod. 

Mr. David Brown returned to Scotland since our last. 

Ordered, That Messrs. Cross, McHenry, Cowell, Guild, Cathcart, Ali- 
son, McDowell, Steel, Boyd, Elder, and Thorn, be a commission of the 
Synod, and committee for the fund, for the following year, and that Robert 
Mathews, George Currie, Thomas James, and William Lindsay, be joined as 
elders, and that any five of said number, with the moderator, be a quorum. 

Ordered, Messrs. Cross and Boyd to revise New Castle Presbytery book, 

Donegall Presbytery book not brought to Synod. 
17 



194 MINUTES OF THE 

Ordered, That Messrs. Alison and Tate revise the Presbytery book of 
Philadelphia. 

Messrs. Cross and Alison brought money to the fund. 

The affair of the school referred. 

Ordered, That Mr. Timothy Griffith supply Tredryfrin as often as he can 
till our next. 

Mr. Francis Alison informs that he has received some part of the debt due 
to our fund by Mr. Anderson's estate, and that his attorney reports that it is 
put on a proper footing to recover it to our satisfaction in some years. 

The order to Mr. Cross to recover the sum due to our fund by Mr. Gelston 
and Cuningham, is continued. 

The order to supply the inhabitants of Virginia by two missionaries, who 
are to be out eight weeks each of them, every year, continued. 

Messrs. Zanchy and Steel have supplied them according to our orders. 

Ordered, That Mr. Joseph Tate go out eight Sabbaths to Virginia this fall, 
and Mr. McHenry as many in the spring, and that their respective Presbyteries 
take care to supply their congregations in their absence, the one-half of the time. 

The affair of the fund referred till our next. 

Mr. Alison requested that he might be allowed to join with the Presbytery 
of Philadelphia, the consideration whereof is deferred till our next sederunt. 

Mr. Cross requested supplies for his congregation for some Sabbaths, till it 
please God that he recover his health again. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

At three o'clock, P. M. Ubi post preces, sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, The minutes of our last be read. 

The affair of the school taken into consideration, and after a due inquiry 
into the state of it, the Synod unanimously came to the following resolu- 
tion, viz. 

That the Synod will allow Mr. Alison thirty pounds per annum for teach- 
ing, and they shall be allowed the privilege to exempt any scholars from pay- 
ing, that the trustees of the school judge unable to bear the expenses of edu- 
cation, and that he be allowed in all other respects to demand and receive as 
much for all others as he thinks fit, or is usual for teaching, and that the com- 
mittee appointed last year shall meet the second Wednesday in March, and 
visit the school 

The affair of the fund deferred till to-morrow morning. 

Mr. Cross desired that his congregation might be supplied by the Synod till 
he recovered his health. 

Ordered, That Mr. Guild supply the first Sabbath in June, Mr. Co well 
the second, Mr. Alison the third, and Mr. Cathcart the fourth, Mr. Steel the 
next, and that Mr. Cross or his congregation be allowed a discretionary power 
to invite any other of the brethren till the commission meets in the fall. 

Adjourned till the fourth Wednesday of May next. Concluded with prayer. 

May 23d, 1750. 
The Synod met according to adjournment, and several members being ex- 
pected who are not yet come, the Synod chose to defer entering on business 
till to-morrow morning, at nine o'clock. Concluded with prayer. 

May 24, at nine o'clock, A. M. Ubi post preces, sederunt qui supra. 
The Synod met according to adjournment. 

Donegall Presbytery: Messrs. John Thomson, Boyd, Elder, Zanchy 
Craig, Caven, and Tate. ' ' 



SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 195 

Philadelphia Presbytery : Messrs. Cross, Co well, Guild, McHenry, and 
Elmer. 

New Castle Presbytery: Messrs. Cathcart, Alison, McDowell, Griffith, 
Steel, Hamilton, and Hector Alison. 

Eiders : Thomas Hope, Arthur Foster, William Watson, William Sherron, 
John Cross, Robert McKnight, William Neill, William Gillespie, Thomas 
James, James Glasgow, Ephraim Wilson, James Mcllvaine, Daniel Ogden, 
and William Scot. 

Absent from Donegall Presbytery : Mr. Samuel Thomson and Black. 

From Philadelphia: Mr. Evans. 

From New Castle: Mr. Gillespie. 

Mr. Steel chosen moderator, and Mr. Tate clerk. 

The Synod was opened with a sermon on Rom. xiv. 19, by Mr. Griffith. 

Ordered, That the minutes of our last be read. 

Mr. Thorn is deceased since our last. 

Messrs. Zanchy and Caven's absence excused for reasons. Messrs. Gil- 
lespie's, McDowell's, Hamilton's, and Alison's reasons for their absence sus- 
tained. 

The commissioners appointed to treat with the delegates from the Synod 
of New York, met with them at Trenton the first Wednesday of October, 
and inform us, that after some time spent, they could do nothing further to 
procure a union till the meeting of both Synods, by reason of some of the 
brethren of the Synod of New Y'ork, concerning the explication of their own 
plan, which they had offered to this Synod, upon which it was unanimously 
agreed, that every member of both Synods should study peace and friendship, 
and that the brethren of York Synod should communicate whatever other pro- 
posal they think necessary for procuring a union to us at the next synodi- 
eal meeting, by Mr. Hazard, and that we should send them our answer by 
the same gentleman. 

We find that Mr. Gilbert Tennent has delivered to Mr. Cross the copy of 
a minute of the Synod of New York, at their sessions in Maidenhead, May 
the 17th, 1750, which is laid before us, and is as follows: 

The consideration of the union beinsf reassumed, according to the conclu- 
sion of the commissioners of both Synods, the Synod is sorry that they can- 
not proceed to make further proposals at this time, through the absence of last 
year's clerk, and by that means the want of the minutes and the copy of the 
former plan, but still profess their design to enter upon the affair of the union 
ai their next sessions, and in the mean time to maintain a spirit of candour 
and friendship. 

Ordered, That a copy of this minute be sent to the Rev. Mr. Gilbert Ten- 
nent, who is hereby appointed to deliver it to the Synod of Philadelphia, at 
the beginning of their next session. 

A true copy, 

Test. Thomas Arthur, Clerk. 

The Synod having considered the report of the commissioners, and the 
minute of the Synod of New Y^ork, which was laid before them, are sorry a 
thing so much desired by us could not be prosecuted as our brethren of the 
Synod of New York intended, but expecting that we shall at their next synodi- 
cal meeting, have our expectations answered, by such proposals as shall effec- 
tually promote union, shall heartily join with them in the mean time in pur- 
suing such measures as shall promote candour and friendship. 

Ordered, That a copy of this minute be given to the Rev. Mr. Gilbert 
Tennent. 

The affair of the Great V alley referred. 

Ordered, That Messrs. Cross, McHenry, Cowell, Cathcart, Boyd, Griffith, 



j 96 MINUTES OF THE 

Francis Alison, McDowell, Tate, and the moderator, be the commission of 
the Synod for the ensuing year, and the committee for the fund, and that any 
rive be a quorum, if called by the moderator, and that John Cross, Thomas 
James, and William Neal, be joined as elders in the affair of the fund. 

New Castle Presbytery book not here. 

Ordered, That the Presbyterial books be brought to our next Synod. 

The following brethren brought money for the fund, Messrs. Elder, Craig, 
Tate, Cross, Alison, McDowell, Steel, and Hamilton. 

The order on Mr. Cross with respect to the sum due by Messrs. Gelston 
and Cuningham, continued. 

Messrs. McHenry and Tate fulfilled their appointments in Virginia. 

Ordered, That Mr. Griffith supply the back inhabitants in Virginia, eight. 
Sabbaths this fall, and that Mr. Samuel Thomson supply them eight Sabbaths 
in the spring, and as much more as he can. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

At three o'clock, P. M. Ubi post preces, sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of our last be read. 

The affair of the Great Valley referred. 

The affair of the school and fund referred. 

The congregation of the Great Valley is remitted to the care of the Pres'by- 
tery of Philadelphia, and that Mr. Griffith supply said congregation as fre- 
quently as possible. 

Upon reading a supplication from Brown Meeting-house in Virginia, the 
Synod appoint a committee to meet on the place, viz. Messrs. John Thom- 
son, Black, and Griffith, and that they or any two of them, shall endeavour 
to regulate that, and all other such affairs as shall come before them. 

The Synod resolved into a committee of the whole house. 

Adjourned till nine o'clock, A. M. Concluded with prayer. 

May the 25th, A. M. Ubi post preces, sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of our last be read. 

An affair concerning promises of marriage between and a young wo- 
man being laid before the Synod by the Presbytery of New Castle, the Synod 

on the consideration thereof, and because desired, on some accounts, to 

be loosed from said obligation, and it was found the young woman scrupled 
the lawfulness of their being loosed from said obligation, the first question put 
in the affair was, Whether a single man and woman having promised mar- 
riage to each other, may lawfully agree again to release each other from the 
promise ; and after mature deliberation, the Synod resolved the case, that it 
was lawful, nemine contradicente. 

Ordered, That Messrs. Thomson and Cathcart, go with to the voun^ 

woman, in order to acquaint her with the Synod's opinion to endeavour to 
issue that affair. 

being called before the Synod and asked, whether he had promised to 

this young woman marriage, he acknowledged he had, and that he was culpa- 
ble in entering into such rash and unwarrantable methods of eng-agino-. 

The question was put censure or not, and it was carried censure. 

Adjourned till three o'clock P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

Three o'clock, P. M. Ubi post preces, sederunt qui supra. 
Ordered, That the minutes of our last be read. 

The affair of reassumed. 

Another question was put, what censure is to be inflicted upon him for his 
misconduct in the above mentioned affair? 



SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 197 

And after serious consideration and much reasoning on this head, the Synod 
came to a resolution, that a rebuke before the Synod was necessary to show 
our detestation of such rash proceedings in young people. And that Mr. John 
Thomson admonish him. 

being called, the minute in respect to his affair was read and he cen- 
sured accordingly, to which he submitted. 

The Synod being informed, that two young men were ready to offer them- 
selves to examination by the Synod or committee, according to the act, Messrs. 
Thomson, Elder, Zanchy, Cross, McHenry, Guild, McDowell, Steel, and 
Cathcart, were appointed to meet here to-morrow morning at six o'clock, to 
examine them, and that as many of the other brethren as think fit may 
attend. 

The affair of the fund and school continued. 

Adjourned till nine, A. M. Concluded with prayer. 

May 26, nine o'clock, A. M. Ubi post preces, sederunt qui supra. 
Ordered, The minutes of the last be read. 

The committee appointed to examine the candidates attended according to 
appointment, and report to the Synod that they approve of them. 
Adjourned till the fourtli Wednesday of May next. 
Concluded with prayer. 

The Synod met according to adjournment. 

May 22</, 1751. C'bi post preces sederunt, 

Members of Donegall Presbytery: Messrs. Boyd, Elder, Black, and Tate. 
Absent: John Thomson, Zanchy, S. Thomson, and Craig. 

Philadelphia Presbytery: Messrs. Cross and McHenry. Absent: Messrs. 
Elmer, Cowell, and Guild. 

New Castle Presbytery: Messrs. Cathcart, Francis Alison, Steel, Hector 
Alison, and Griffith. Absent: Messrs. Gillespie, McDowell, and Hamilton. 

Elders: Messrs. Andrew Wilson, William Armstrong, David Craig, Robert 
Mathews, John McMichael, George Currie, Andrew Porter, James Mcllvaine, 
Thomas James, and William Ramsey. 

Mr. Robert Cross chosen moderator, and Mr. Hector Alison Clerk. 

The Synod was opened by a sermon on I Cor. iv. 2, by Mr. John Steel. 

Ordered, The minutes of our last be read. 

Mr. Samuel Caven is deceased since our last, and likewise Mr. David 
Evans. 

The affair of Mr. Samuel Evans referred. 

The affair of the union referred. 

Ordered, That Messrs. McHenry, Cowell, Catheart, Boyd, Griffith, Elder, 
Francis Alison, McDowell, Tate, and the moderator, be the commission of 
the Svnod for the ensuing year, and be the committee for the fund, and that 
four with the moderator be a quorum; and that Robert Mathies, George 
Currie, and William Armstrong, be joined in the affair of the fund. 

Ordered, The Presbyteries' books be brought to the next Synod. 

Inquiry being made who had brought money for the fund, the following 
brethren brought: Messrs. Boyd, Tate, Cross, Cathcart, Alison, and Steel. 

Ordered, That Mr. Cross write to Lewistown, to put them in mind of their 
duty concerning the fund. 

Mr. Elder's affair referred. 

The affair of the school referred. 

The order on Mr. Cross with respect to the sums due by Messrs. Gelston 
and Cuningham, be continued. 

Adjourned till nine o'clock in the morning. Concluded with prayer. 
17* 



198 MINUTES OF THE 

May 23, nine o'clock, A. M. Ubi post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, The minutes of our last be read. 

The affair of Mr. Samuel Evans continued. 

The affair of the union continued. 

Mr. Elder's affair continued. 

The affair of the school continued. 

Mr. Griffith fulfilled his appointment in Virginia. 

Mr. Thomson failed to fulfil his appointments in Virginia, and excused. 

Ordered, That Mr. Hector Alison supply the back parts of Virginia eight 
Sabbaths next fall. 

Ordered, That Mr. Smith supply the back parts of Virginia eight Sabbaths 
next spring. 

Ordered, That Mr. Black supply Buffalo settlement and adjacent places 
four Sabbaths before our next. 

Ordered, That Mr. Craig supply about Roanoke and Reedy Creek, and 
places adjacent, three Sabbaths, and the South Branch of Potomac and places 
adjacent, three Sabbaths more before our next. 

Ordered, That Mr. Smith supply at Norrington the ensuing Sabbath, and 
at the Great Valley the Tuesday following. 

The affair of the school and fund continued. 

Mr. Griffith complied with the appointment of the Synod with respect to 
the Great Valley. 

Mr. Griffith met at Brown's meeting-house in Virginia, according to appoint- 
ment, and none other of the members meeting, nor both parties, nothing was 
done in the affair. 

Ordered, Messrs. Black and Alison meet next fall at Brown's meeting- 
house to try what they can do in the affair, and report the same to the Synod 
next meeting. 

Messrs. Thomson and Cathcart met at White Clay Creek, according to last 
year's appointment, about Mr. Alison's affair, and though they then had not 
full satisfaction of seeing that affair concluded at that time, yet the Synod is 
now fully satisfied by credible information, that all obligations between said 
parties are mutually discharged to the satisfaction of both. 

Commissioners from Norrington petitioned the Synod for supplies for the 
ensuing year, which is referred till the afternoon. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

At three o'clock, P. M. Ubi post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, The minutes of our last be read. 

Upon considering the conduct of Mr. Samuel Evans, which was referred 
to the Synod for advices, it is agreed: 

That Mr. Evans having acted disorderly in dissolving the pastoral relation 
between himself and his people, and having travelled to England again and 
again, without certificates by way of recommendation to the churches in that 
part oi the world; and having in other things acted, from time to time, in a 
way unsuitable to his character as a gospel minister, we disown him as a 
member of this Synod until he give us satisfaction by a return to his duty, 
and amend his life and conduct. 

The affair of the union continued. 

Mr. Elder's affair continued. 

The affair of the school continued. 

The affair ofthe Great Valley and Norrington came under consideration, 
and appointed that Mr. McHenry supply the first Sabbath of August, of Feb- 
ruary and May, at Norrington, if they be vacant; and that Mr. CoweH and 
bruild supply the same place the first Sabbath of July, September, October. 



SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 199 

December, and January; and that Mr. Griffith supply them one Sabbath be- 
fore December next, and must acquaint them of the day. 

Ordered, That Mr. Griffith supply the congregation of the Great Valley 
one Sabbath in the month until the candidates are licensed, and the Presby- 
tery of Philadelphia agrees that these congregations may apply to New Castle 
Presbytery for supplies from the said candidates when licensed, by turns, and 
that Mr. McHenry supply the Great Valley the first Sabbath of November. 

Adjourned till nine o'clock, A. M. Concluded with prayer. 

May 24*/t, at nine o'clock A. M. Ubi post preces, sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, The minutes of our last be read. 

The affair of the union continued. 

Mr. Elder's affair continued. 

The affair of the school continued. 

Upon considering the affair of the union, our Synod sent a messenger to 
Mr. Hazard's to see whether the Synod of New York had left any proposals 
with him to be delivered to us, to which he answered, they had ; but that he 
was ordered not to deliver them to us without receiving our proposals to 
them. 

The Synod finding that there was some misapprehension between them 
and the Synod of New York, about the meaning of both parties delivering 
their proposals sealed to Mr. Hazzard, came to the following resolution: 

That since our brethren will not allow us to see their proposals till we give 
ours in writing, which our commissioners to Trenton do not agree to be the 
intention of that proposal ; but that this method was intended to prevent cla- 
mour and misrepresentations, we are determined to send them our proposals 
as soon as possible, but the minutes of our proceeding in that affair, being in 
Mr. McHenry's hands, so that we cannot proceed as we could wish. We 
recommend it to our brethren, to use all endeavours to promote a healing 
spirit, so that our designs may be brought to a comfortable issue, and we shall, 
through divine assistance, labour to do the same; and we shall meet for this 
purpose the first Wednesday of September next, in Philadelphia, that the 
Synod of New Y r ork may have an opportunity of considering our overtures, 
and taking proper measures for the concluding a union, which may be of much 
advantage to this church. 

Ordered, That a copy of this minute be delivered to the Rev. Mr. Gilbert 
Tennent. 

Ordered, That Mr. Hector Alison stay in town till he transcribe our minutes 
for these years past, and that he be paid out of the fund for this service, and 
for settling the accounts of the fund. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

Jit three o'clock, P. M. Ubi post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, The minutes of the last be read. 

The Synod being informed that Mr. Hugh Knox and Mr. John Alison, are 
waiting on them to be examined according to the rules of this Synod, it is 
agreed that they attend the Presbytery of New Castle, at Elk River, the first 
Tuesday of August, and be examined by them, and that Messrs. Boyd and 
Tate correspond with them at that time. 

The affair of the school considered, and ordered, That four scholars be en- 
tirely exempted from paying, and the residue of the twenty pound is to be divi- 
ded among such as Mr. Alison shall think fit. Three being mentioned for 
this purpose. 

Ordered, That the last year's minute relating to the school be continued. 

Ordered, to allow Mr. Gillespie five pounds out of the fund for building 



200 MINUTES OF THE 

his meeting-house, and five pounds to Mr. Elder, the first to be paid on de- 
mand, and°the last at our next meeting in September. 

Adjourned till the first Wednesday of September ensuing. 

Concluded with prayer. 

The Synod met according to adjournment at four o'clock, P. M. 

September 4th, 1751. Ubi post preces sederunt, 
Donegall Presbytery: Messrs. Boyd, Elder, and Zanchy. 
Philadelphia Presbytery: Messrs. Cross and McHenry. 
New Castle Presbytery: Messrs. Cathcart, Alison, Steel, and Hector 

Alison. 

Elders: Messrs. Robert Chambers, John Watt, Robert Mathies, James 

Scot. 

Mr. Cross continued moderator, and Hector Alison clerk. 
Absent from Donegall Presbytery: Messrs. Thomson, Tate, Craig, and 
Black. From Philadelphia Presbytery: Messrs. Cowell, and Guild. From 
New Castle Presbytery: Messrs. Gillespie, McDowell, Griffith, and Ha- 
milton. 

Ordered, The minutes of our last be read. 

Ordered, That Messrs. McHenry, Cowell, Cathcart, Boyd, Griffith, Elder, 
Francis Alison, McDowell, Tate, and the moderator, be the commission of 
the Synod for the ensuing year, and be the committee for the fund. And that 
four with the moderator be a quorum. 

And ordered, That the Presbytery of New Castle examine the young men 
next October, who offered themselves to trials at the last meeting of our 
Synod. 

Ordered, That the Presbytery Books be brought against our next Synod. 
Ordered, That Mr. Cross either get in the interest due upon our bonds, or 
that he sue for the principal and interest, and that it be reported at our next 
sederunt what interest is due, and in whose name the bonds are taken. 

Ordered, That the minutes of our last be consulted with reference to our 
Synodical appointments. 

The affair of the school continued, as we determined at our last meeting, 
to the minutes of which we refer for further information. 

The affair of the union of the two Synods taken under consideration. 
Ordered, That a copy of the proposals of the Synod of New York for a 
union with this Synod in the year 1749, which were hitherto omitted, be now 
inserted ; which are as follow : 

The Synod of New Yo r k are deeply sensible of the many unhappy conse- 
quences that flow from our present divided state, and have with pleasure ob- 
served a spirit of moderation increasing between many of the members of both 
Synods; this opens a door of hope, that if we were united in one body we 
might be able to carry on the designs of religion in future peace and agree- 
ment, to our mutual satisfaction; and though we retain the same sentiments 
of the work of God which we formerly did, yet we esteem mutual forbear- 
ance our duty, since we all profess the same Confession of Faith, and Direc- 
tory of worship. We would, therefore, humbly propose to our brethren of 
the Synod of Philadelphia, that all our former differences be buried in perpet- 
ual oblivion, and that for the time to come both Synods be united in one, and 
thenceforth there be no contention among us, but to carry it towards each 
other in the most peaceable and brotherly manner, which we are persuaded 
will be for the honour of our Master, the credit of our profession, and the edi- 
fication of the churches committed to our care. Accordingly we appoint the 
Rev. Messrs. John Pierson, Gilbert Tennent, Ebenezer Pemberton, and Aaron 
Burr, to be our delegates to wait upon the Synod of Philadelphia with these 



SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 201 

proposals, and if they shall see meet to join with us in this desirable design, 
we think it would be best to appoint a commission of both the Synods to meet 
at such time and place as they shall choose, and finally to determine this 
affair. And to preserve the common peace we would desire that all names of 
distinction which have been made use of in the late times, be for ever abolish- 
ed; that every member give his consent to the Westminster Confession of 
Faith and Directory, according to the plan formerly agreed to by the Synod 
of Philadelphia, in the year 1729. Further, that every member promise that 
after any question has been determined by a major vote, he will actively con- 
cur, or passively submit, to the judgment of the body, but if his conscience 
permit him to comply with neither of these, that then he shall be obliged 
peaceably to withdraw from our synodical communion, without any attempt 
to make a schism or division among us. This is not intended to extend to 
any cases but those which the Synod judge essential to the maintaining of 
doctrine, discipline, and worship; that all our present congregations be ac- 
knowledged as congregations belonging to the Synod, but to belong to the 
same Presbytery as they now do, till a favourable opportunity presents for an 
advantageous alteration. That we all agree to esteem and treat it as a culpa- 
ble evil to accuse any of our members of error in doctrine, or immorality in 
conversation, any otherwise than by private reproof, till the accusation has 
been brought before a regular judicature, and issued according to the known 
rules of our discipline. Signed per order of the Synod, 

Per Samuel Finly, Synod Clerk. 
The delegates from the Synod of New York agreed to the following con- 
cessions and amendments in the forementioned proposals, which, according 
to the references in them are as follow: 

1. Though great and good men have been of different opinions. 

2. Always reserving a liberty for such dissenting members to lay their 
grievances before the Synod in a peaceable manner. N. B. "What remains of 
the sentence to be erased. 

That there be no intrusions into the bounds of Presbyteries, or pastoral 
charges, against the inclination of the Presbyteries or pastors. 

That all candidates for the work of the sacred ministry either be examined 
and approved by the Synod or its commission, previous to their admission 
upon trials by any of our Presbyteries; or else, that they be obliged to obtain 
a college diploma, or a certificate from the president or trustees of the college, 
that they have been examined and found qualified. 

Mr. Gilbert Tennent only objected against the synodical examination of 
young men. 

Agreed that the commissioners ripen things for our next synodical meet- 
ing, but not finally determine any thing. 

The commissions of the Synods of Philadelphia and New York met each 
other according to agreement at Trenton, Mr. Co well chosen moderator, and 
Thomas Arthur clerk. 

Some difficulties arising in the conversations of the commissioners of both 
Synods, they came finally and unanimously into this agreement, that both 
Synods at their next meeting, do more fully prepare, and then interchange, 
mutual proposals for an accommodation, and in the mean time there be a mu- 
tual endeavour to cultivate a spirit of candour and friendship. 

Thomas Arthur, Clerk. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

September the 5th. Ubi post preces, sederunt qui supra. 
The Synod met according to adjournment. 
Ordered, The minutes of our last be read. 



202 



MINUTES OF THE 



The order relating to the fund continued. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

At three o'clock, P. M. Ubi post preces, sederunt qui supra. 

The Synod met according to adjournment. 

Ordered, The minutes of our last be read. 

The Synod having maturely and seriously considered the affair of the 
union, agreed at last, nemine contradicente, that the following terms be pro- 
posed to the Synod of New York, and that Hector Alison transcribe them 
against our next meeting. 

Adjourned till nine o'clock, A. M. Concluded with prayer. 

i 
September the 6th. Ubi post preces, sederunt qui supra. 

The Synod met according to adjournment. 

Ordered, The minutes of our last be read. 

The proposals were transcribed and brought in according to appointment, 
which were approved, and sent to Mr. Hazard, and are as follow: 

" The Synod of Philadelphia being deeply sensible of the unhappy con- 
sequences of division, are willing with pleasure, to listen to proposals for heal- 
ing the breaches between the two Synods, and as the Synod of York ex- 
presses an earnest desire of an union, that we may be able jointly to carry on 
the design of religion in future peace and agreement, we have considered your 
plan of an accommodation laid before us in the year 1749, and find that it has 
a peaceable tendency, and for this reason we determine to comply with the 
proposals youlaid down, as closely and as far as we can expect to preserve 
our future peace and agreement, is to mention briefly the plan of union and 
rules of our conduct for time to come towards each other, and in our judica- 
tures. We propose, therefore, (as the Synod of York have proposed to us,) 
we agree that all names of distinctions which have been made use of in late 
times, be for ever abolished. 

2. " That every member give his assent to the Westminster Confession of 
Faith, and Directory, according to the plan agreed on in our Synod, and that 
no acts be made but concerning matters that appear to the body' plain duty, or 
concerning opinions that we believe relate to the great truths of religion, and 
that all public and fundamental agreements of this Synod stand safe. 

3. " That every member engage that after any question has been deter- 
mined by a major vote, he will actively concur, or passively submit, to the 
judgment of the body, or if his conscience permit him to comply with neither 
of these, he shall be obliged to withdraw peaceably, alwavs reservinsf him a 
liberty to sue for a review, and to lay his grievances before the bodv in a 
Christian manner. 

4. " That we agree to esteem it a culpable evil, and treat it as such, to ac- 
cuse any of our brethren of error in doctrine, or immorality in practice, other- 
wise than by private admonition, or to spread evil surmises that he is grace- 
less, or unconverted, till the accusation has been brought before a reorilar 
judicature, and issued according to the rules of well known church discipline. 

5. " That no intrusions into the bounds of any of our Presbyteries, or Das- 
toral charges, without the consent of the Presbytery, or minister, be finrt ob- 
tained implicitly or explicitly ; and that no person be excluded from any of 
our judicatures without regular proceedings, according to our known rules of 
church discipline; and that all candidates for the sacred work of the ministry 
be either examined by the Synod, or their commission, and be approved bv 
them, in the languages and philosophy, or shall be obliged to brinjx a college 
certificate or diploma, to assert that they are suitablv qualified according*) 
the rules of that college, before they be admitted to trials in anv of our Pres- 



SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 203 

byteries, and we promise that we will encourage them to fall in with this last 
as the most honourable and customary. 

6. " We propose, according to the first article, that all names of distinc- 
tion shall be for ever abolished, and for this purpose we think it necessary 
that our Presbyteries shall be made up every where of the ministers that live 
contiguous to one another, so that there shall be no such party names, as old 
and new Presbyteries, for old and new congregations to repair to, that they 
may obtain ministers bearing party names ; and that if any minister shall be 
dissatisfied to sit with the Presbytery that is next to him, he shall, upon ap- 
plication to the Synod, have liberty to join with the neighbouring Presbytery 
which he shall choose, if they think it for edification to allow him the liberty. 

7. " And though we cannot but lament the divisive practices that have been 
carried on in this church these several years, so much to the disadvantage of 
religion, yet out of a sincere regard to the peace of the church we propose 
that such congregations where there are new erections, each of which are able 
to support a minister, be continued, and that such congregations where there 
are two parties, and neither supplied with a minister, that all care be taken by 
the Presbytery to which they belong, to unite them, but that where any erec- 
tions have been made by these practices to the prejudice of former standing 
congregations, and said erections supplied with ministers, that said ministers 
be removed, and all proper methods taken to heal die breach. 

And though this last proposal may seem to bear hard on some ministers, 
yet we hope that few will be affected by it, and that these may find more com- 
fortable settlements in our numerous vacancies, and be more extensively ser- 
viceable in Christ's vineyard; and upon these terms we heartily agree with 
the Synod of York, that since we profess the same Confession of Faith, and 
Directory for worship, all our former differences be buried in perpetual obli- 
vion, and that henceforth there be no contention among us but to carry it 
towards each other in the most amicable and brotherly manner. 

Adjourned till the fourth Wednesday of May. Concluded with prayer. 

The Synod of Philadelphia met according to adjournment. 

May 27, 1752. Ubi post preces sederunt, 

From Donegall Presbytery: Messrs. Boyd, Elder, Thomson, Tate. Ab- 
sent: .Messrs. Zanchy, Craig, Black. Present, Mr. Smith. 

Philadelphia: Messrs. Cross, Cowell, and Mcllenry. Absent: Messrs. 
Ehler and Guild. 

New Castle: Messrs. Cathcart, Francis Alison, McDowell, Griffith, Steel, 
and Hector Alison. Absent: Messrs. Gillespie and Hamilton. 

Elders: Messrs. Thomas Hope, Thomas Dugan, James Murphie, Andrew 
Boggs, John Cross, Hugh Ferguson, James Smith, Nathaniel Williams, Fran- 
cis Williamson, John Hall, John McNeal, James Pagan. 

Mr. Cowell moderator, Mr. Sampson Smith clerk, 

The Synod was opened by a sermon on 1 Tim. iv. 16, by Mr. Cross, last 
year's moderator. 

The Presbytery of Donegall ordained Mr. Sampson Smith to the work of 
the ministry since our last meeting, who is now received as a member of this 
Synod. 

Ordered, That the minutes of our last be read. 

Mr. Thomson's last year's absence excused for indisposition. Mr. Cow- 
ell's absence excused. Mr. McDowell excused for reasons given. 

Ordered, That Messrs. Cross, Boyd, Cathcart, Griffith, McHenry, Elder, 
McDowell, Tate, be the commission of the Synod for the ensuing year, and 
the committee for the fund; and that four with the moderator be a quorum. 



204 MINUTES OF THE 

And that John Cross, James Murphey, and Hugh Ferguson, elders, be joined 

in the affair of the fund. '.',', 

Ordered, That the Presbyteries bring in their books against our next. 
Inquiry being made who had brought money for the fund, the following 

brethren/Messrs. McHenry, Boyd, Tate, Steel, McDowell, Cathcart, brought 

something. 

The consideration of the collection of the fund referred. 

Ordered, That Mr. Cross let Mr. Gelston know that the Synod will remit 
the interest of the money which he owes them, provided that he forthwith 
pays the principal. 

The affair of the school deferred. m 

Mr. Hector Alison and Mr. Smith fulfilled their appointments in Virginia. 
Further appointments to Virginia, deferred. 

Adjourned till nine o'clock, A. M. Concluded with prayer. 

May 28th, at nine o'clock, A. M. Ubi post preces, sederunt qui supra. 

The Synod met according to adjournment. 

Ordered, The minutes of our last be read. 

The consideration of the collection for the fund referred. 

The affair of the school referred. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the Synod, that met September last, be read. 

The affair of the union deferred. 

The petition of Catharine Cowan was brought in and read; the Synod refer 
this affair to the Presbytery of Donegall, together with Messrs. Cathcart, 
McDowell, Griffith, and Steel, as correspondents from the Presbytery of New 
Castle, to meet at Octorara the second Tuesday of August, and that Mr. Boyd's 
session give notice to all parties concerned. 

Adjourned to three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

May 28* A, at three o'clock, P. M. Ubi post preces sederunt qui supra. 

The Synod met according to adjournment. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

The consideration of the collection for the fund deferred. 

The affair of the school deferred. 

The affair of the union deferred. 

The consideration of the supplication from Virginia resumed. 

Ordered, That Mr. McCannan supply the congregations of North and South 
Mountain, Timber Grove, North River, and Cook's Creek, and at John Hin- 
son's, until the middle of October next, chiefly, and at other vacancies as often 
as he can. And that Mr. Kinkead shall supply the same from the middle of 
November next until the first of March, provided he has not received a call, 
and in that case he shall continue eight weeks only. 

Ordered also, That Mr. Craig supply these vacancies at their request, and 
that Messrs. McCannan and Craighead supply his congregation, if required, 
the half of the time he is absent. 

A letter from the Synod of New York was brought in and read. 

Ordered, That Messrs. Cross, Alison, Steel, McDowell, Elder, Boyd, 
McHenry, and the moderator, be a committee to consider the same, and draw 
an answer, and present it to the Synod for their approbation. 

The Synod having deliberately considered the affair of Mr. Alison's remo- 
val to Philadelphia, referred to them by the Presbytery of New Castle, judge 
that the method he used is contrary to the Presbyterian plan. Yet con- 
sidering that the circumstances which urged him to take the method he used, 
were very pressing, and that it was indeed almost impracticable to him to 
apply for the consent of Presbytery or Synod, in the orderly way ; and fur- 



SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 205 

ther, being persuaded that Mr. Alison's being employed in such a station in 
the academy, has a favourable aspect in several respects, and a very probable 
tendency, not only to promote the good of the public, but also of the church, 
as he may be serviceable to the interests thereof in teaching philosophy and 
divinity, as far as his obligations to the academy will permit, we judge that 
his proceedings in said affair, are in a great measure excusable. Withal, the 
Synod advises, that for the future, its members be very cautious and guard 
against such proceedings as are contrary to our known approved methods in 
such cases. 

Adjourned till ten o'clock, A. M. Concluded with prayer. 

May 29lh. Ubi post preces, sederunt qui supra. 

The Synod met at ten o'clock, according to adjournment. 

Ordered, that the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

Mr. Francis Alison requested that he should be allowed to sit as a member 
of the Presbytery of Philadelphia, seeing he was settled in their bounds ; and 
it is ordered that he belong to said Presbytery. 

Affair of fund, collection, and school, &c. deferred. 

The committee appointed to consider the terms of accommodation offered 
us by the Synod of New York, brought in an overture, which was considered 
and approved, and is as follows: 

" Upon perusal of yours, our pleasing views of a comfortable union, from 
repeated intimations of your readiness to comply with what appeared rea- 
sonable, are considerably abated; especially as we apprehend you receding 
further from a union, and from your own former proposals in order thereunto, 
which we shall fully point out, being persuaded it is our duty, being willing 
for and desirous of a reasonable accommodation. 

" 1st. Y r ou have repeatedly proposed that all former differences be buried 
in perpetual oblivion, which you apprehend for the honour of our Master, the 
credit of our profession, and the edification of the church. How, consistently 
therewith, do you insist that the protestation of the Synod, in the year 1741, 
be declared void and of none effect? and that this declaration shall be a term 
of union, since the Synod have assured you, and are willing to declare, that 
upon the union, they shall act and carry it towards you as if this protestation 
had never been made, looking upon the design of the protestation answered 
by reasonable terms of union; and if any thing further be intended by your 
insisting that said protestation be declared void and of no effect, we assure you 
we are well satisfied that said protestation was made on sufficient and justi- 
fiable grounds, and we are not in the least convinced that the Synod acted 
wrong in said step. 

" 2dly. You insist that Presbyteries shall continue as they are, and declare 
you see no reason to dissolve the new modeled Presbyteries. How is this con- 
sistent with your proposals, that all differences be perpetually buried, and that 
all names and distinctions be for ever abolished ; nay, how can you reconcile it 
in your own minds with the peace of this church, the valuable end to be 
aimed at by the union? besides we acquainted you, that an uniting of Pres- 
byteries appeared to us so requisite to the peace of our church, that unless 
your delegates had given us, by their concessions, ground to believe your 
Synod would have consented to this, we should have looked upon any at- 
tempt for union as vain and useless. 

" And your own former proposals on this head, viz: that congregations as 
they are at present, should belong to the same Presbytery they now do, till a 
favourable opportunity of an advantageous alteration, gave us ground to appre- 
hend that you would consent, from the apparent necessity of the thing, to this 
advantageous alteration. 
IS 



OQ6 MINUTES OF THE 

" 3dly. You have formerly declared, that though your sentiments, of what 
>-ou esteemed a work of God, continued the same, yet you judged mutual for- 
bearance your duty, since we all profess the same Confession of Faith and 
Directory for worship. But now you seem to insist on a joint testimony for 
such a glorious work of God, in the late religious appearances, as a term of 
union, by making it one of your proposals for peace and union, that you hope 
both Synods will go into such a testimony. How is this consistent with your 
former professed sentiments of duty of forbearance in said case, and with your 
declared sentiments, that no difference in judgment in cases of plain sin and 
duty, and opinions relating to the great truths of religion, is a sufficient reason 
why the differing member should be obliged to withdraw, unless the said plain 
duty or truth be judged by the body essential, in doctrine or discipline? And 
we think it strange you would insist on this or even mention it as a proposal 
for union, seeing your delegates before us conceded that both great and good 
men had differed from them on that head, besides your own declaration on 
that affair, viz : that you doubt not but that there were several follies and extra- 
vagancies of the people and artifices of Satan intermixed with what you call a 
glorious work of God's Spirit, plainly evince the difficulty of such a testi- 
mony, especially to such who cannot easily be persuaded to declare that these 
religious appearances were a saving work of God's Spirit. 

" Besides, in order to such a testimony, in an affair confessedly difficult, 
that it be consistent with reason and a good conscience, we apprehend that it 
is your business and duty who hope for, and insist on such testimony, that you 
point out what you believe to be a glorious work of God's spirit in the late 
religious appearances, and what to be the follies and extravagancies of the 
people, and the artifices of Satan, that so a distinct testimony be given for the 
encouragement of the one, and for preventing the other, and undeceiving many 
among the simple and ignorant who may have mistaken the one for the 
other, and yet continue in the mistake. 

" 4thly. We have condescended for the sake of peace, that all the minis- 
ters belonging to your Synod, and all their congregations, should belong to 
this body; but when intrusions have been made by disorderly ministers into 
our congregations, so as to render them incapable to perform their solemn en- 
gagements to their pastors, we think these things that are so unjust ought to 
be rectified, yet, if consistent with the rights of gospel ministers, you can find 
a salve for this difficulty, we will gladly approve of it. 

" 5thly. As for our sentiments in other affairs, relating to the proposed 
union, we refer you to our late proposals, which we apprehend just and rea- 
sonable, and as yet see no just reasons to recede from, or make any material 
abatements of them; and particularly in regard to proposals for deciding 
affairs by majority of vote, we apprehend it strictly Presbyterian and reason- 
able, and are not convinced that the alteration in that article proposed bv you 
about what is essential and what not, is necessary; nay, we apprehend that 
such an alteration as stated by you, has a bad aspect, and opens a door for an 
unjustifiable latitude both in principles and practice. 

" Gthly. We are much satisfied to hear you propose that youno- men should 
bring college certificates, seeing that you have now, by the goodness of Divine 
Providence, a college erected. We are and ever were as much for this, and 
more than some of these brethren who once belonged to this Synod; and we 
would put you in mind that there were colleges erected in reach of vour youth 
before you had one in New Jersey. But no regard was to be paid to our re- 
peated desires and public votes that our young men should have education, 
and certificates from them, when it was proposed by our Synod; and we 
think that our Synod may find, among their number, men as well qualified to 
examine and judge of men's abilities as either the tutors, trustees, or rectors 



SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 207 

of your college, so that we think the approbation of our Synod, or committee, 
a good alternative, and yet will give it up if you oblige all your candidates to 
bring college certificates, unless in extraordinary cases, and these shall be 
settled to prevent such disorders as we have seen and felt in time past. 

" At present we are well pleased with any degree of a disposition towards 
peace and union professed by you, and are resolved to cultivate and improve, 
in ourselves, and others in any measure under our influence, the same peace- 
able disposition, and to concur heartily with you in any plan of accommoda- 
tion reasonable and consistent with our profession as Presbyterians, and for 
the good of the Church and honour of our Lord and Master." 

At three o'clock, P. M. Cbi post preces, sederunt qui supra. 

The Synod met according to adjournment. 

Ordered, That the minutes of our last be read. 

The affair of the school came under consideration, and it is appointed that 
it be under the care of Mr. Alexander McDowell for the ensuing year, and 
that he employ an assistant, and that it be examined by the Presbytery of 
New Castle the second Wednesday of April, and that he be allowed for his 
encouragement twenty pounds per annum. 

Adjourned till nine o'clock, to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 

May 30th, at nine o'clock, A. M. T7ie Synod met. Ubi post preces, se- 
derunt qui supra. 
Ordered, That the minutes of the last be read. 

Ordered, That the letter for the Synod of New York be sent to them, and 
committed to the care of Mr. Samuel Hazard. 

Adjourned till the fourth Wednesday of May 1753. Concluded with prayer. 

The Synod met according to adjournment. 

May 23, 1753. Ubi post preces sederunt, 

From the Presbytery of Donegall : Messrs. Boyd, Zanchy, Elder, Tate, 
Smith. Absent: Messrs. Thomson, Craig, Black. 

From Philadelphia Presbytery: Messrs. Cross and Alison. Absent: 
Messrs. Cowell, Elmer, Guild, McHenry. 

From New Castle Presbytery: Messrs. Cathcart, Steel, Alison. Absent: 
Messrs. Gillespie, McDowell, Griffith, Hamilton. 

Elders: Francis Gardner, Robert Dugan, Brice Innis, Patrick Campbell, 
W r illiam Marshall, John Williamson, John Hall, Moses Irwin, James 
Mackey. 

The Synod was opened by Mr. Hector Alison, with a sermon from Jer. 
ix. 23, 24; Mr. Cowell, last year's moderator, being absent. 

Mr. Hector Ajfson chosen moderator, Mr. Zanchy clerk. 

Ordered, That the minutes of last year's Synod be read. 

Mr. Zanchy gave reasons for his absence last year, which were sustained. 

Ordered, That Messrs. Cross, Boyd, Cathcart, Steel, Elder, McHenry, 
McDowell, Tate, and the moderator, be the commission of the Synod for the 
ensuing year, and the committee for the fund; and that four, with the mode- 
rator, be a quorum ; and that Patrick Campbell, William Marshall, and John 
Cross, be joined in the affair of the fund. 

Ordered, That the Presbyteries bring in their books to-morrow morning. 

Inquiry being made who had brought money for the fund, it was found the 
following brethren brought, viz. Messrs. Boyd, two pounds five shillings; 
Tate, one pound six shillings; Steel, seventeen shillings; Smith, one pound 
ten shillings ; Cathcart, ten shillings; Hector Alison, one pound; Cross, six 



208 MINUTES OF THE 

pounds thirteen shillings ; McDowell, thirteen shillings and four pence ; Mr. 
Zanchy's congregation is to contribute to the fuud for the use of the school. 

The affair of Virginia deferred. 

The affair of the school deferred. 

Adjourned till nine o'clock to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 

May 24th, at nine o'clock, Ji. M. Ubi post preces, sederunt qui supra. 

The Synod met according to adjournment. 

Ordered, That the minutes of last sederunt be read. 

The Rev. Messrs. John Thomson, and Hugh Conn, died since our last 
Synod. 

Messrs. McDowell and Griffith came this day and gave the reasons of their 
yesterday's absence, which were sustained. 

Mr. Cowell sent us a letter containing reasons for his non-attendance, 
which were sustained. 

The Presbytery of New Castle brought in their book according to yester- 
day's order, and Messrs. Elder and Tate are appointed to revise it. 

The affair of Virginia deferred. 

The affair of the school deferred. 

The consideration of the affair of the fund deferred. 

We received a copy of the minutes of the Synod of New York, containing 
the reasons why they could not enter on the affair of the union so as to give 
an answ r er to our last year's letter. 

Mr. McKennan fulfilled his appointment in Virginia. Mr. Kinkead did 
not fulfil his, for which he gave reasons that are sustained, and the rather be- 
cause Mr. McKennan supplied the congregations in Virginia in his room. 

The committee appointed to examine the school report that they had ful- 
filled the appointment, and were well pleased with the proficiency of the 
scholars, and care of the master. 

The further consideration of the affair of the school is deferred. 

It being reported to the Synod that there is a supplication from Carolina, 
the Synod defer that with the affair of Virginia, till our next sederunt. 

The Presbytery of New Castle applied to the Synod, that whereas Mr. 
Hector Alison had laid certain grievances before them, and sued for a dismis- 
sion from his pastoral charge, and as the affair appeared to be of great im- 
portance, and required a final decision at their next meeting, humbly requests 
that the Synod would join some members out of the other Presbyteries with 
them, to judge of that affair; and that said Presbytery, with such members, 
be appointed to act as a commission of the Synod,* and in that capacity judge 
that affair. 

The Synod granted said request, and accordingly appoints Messrs. Boyd, 
Tate, and Smith, to meet with the Presbytery of New -Castle on the first 
Tuesday of August next, at New London, for that purpose ; and further, the 
Synod enjoins it on said Presbytery to give timely notice to Mr. Alison's con- 
gregations of the design of said meeting. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

May 24th, at three o'clock, P. M. Ubi post preces, sederunt qui supra. 

The Synod met according to adjournment. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

The affair of Virginia deferred. 

The affair of the school came under consideration, and is continued under 
Mr. McDowell's care and inspection for another year, upon the same footing- 
as was agreed last year. 



SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 209 

Ordered, That New Castle Presbytery, as our committee for the school, 
examine the same in the fall and spring, and make report to next Synod. 

The supplications from Virginia and North Carolina were considered, and 
the Synod orders Mr. McMordie to supply the vacancies in those parts for 
ten weeks, or longer if he find it needful, and that he pay a greater regard to 
the larger societies that have supplicated this Synod from time to time, and at 
the same time do what he can to promote the benefit of younger settlements, 
and that he set out the first of July next, and that Mr. Donaldson, in like 
manner, supply the same back parts, and continue there for ten weeks, or as 
much longer as he thinks fit, and that he shall set out the first of October. 
The Synod recommends it to Messrs. McMordie and Donaldson to show a 
special regard to the vacancies of North Carolina, especially betwixt Atkin 
and Catoba rivers, in giving them a considerable part of the time they spend 
in those back parts. 

A member of the congregation of Norrington applied to the Synod suppli- 
cating the ordination of Mr. Kinkead, as fast as the stated rules and methods 
used in our Presbyteries, will permit. 

The Synod having, at some considerable length, considered the difficulties 
which the Presbyteries of New Castle and Philadelphia offered, each for 
themselves, as reasons why they could not attend on the trials and ordination 
of Mr. Kinkead, so as to answer the request of the congregations, came to this 
conclusion, that inasmuch as the congregations of the Great Valley and Nor- 
rington properly belonged to the Presbytery of Philadelphia, that said Pres- 
bytery should attend the trials and manage the ordination of Mr. Kinkead, 
and lest a delay might be occasioned by the paucity and distance of the mem- 
bers of the Presbytery of Philadelphia, Mr. Cathcart is ordered to correspond 
with said Presbytery as an assistant. 

Adjourned till to-morrow at ten o'clock. Concluded with prayer. 

May 25th. Ubi post preces, sederunt qui supra. 

The Synod met according to adjournment. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last be read. 

Ordered, That the committee for the fund meet at Mr, Cross's, at four 
o'clock, P. M. 

Mr. Alexander Miller, from the parish of Ardstraw, in Ireland, applied to 
us for liberty to preach the gospel as a minister of this Synod. He acknow- 
ledged he was degraded by the Presbytery of Letterkenny, and Sub-Synod of 
Londonderry, and the General Synod in Ireland, but complained that they 
treated him hardly and unjustly, and offered the minutes of the Presbytery of 
Letterkenny to our consideration, to justify his conduct. The Synod having 
seriously considered his allegations, think that they have no right to judge of 
the proceedings of the judicatories in Ireland; that they have not the minutes 
of the Sub-Synod, and General Synod, and for that reason think it would be 
partial and unfair to believe that so many men of candour and integrity would 
treat him in their judicatories severely and unjustly; and as several of our 
members have wrote to their correspondents in that church, they think they 
would act wrong to encourage a man which is cast out of their churches, till 
they hear for what reasons, and we would warn all the societies under our 
care to give him no encouragement as a minister, till his character be cleared, 
and he be acknowledged as a gospel minister by us. 

Adjourned till the fourth Wednesday of May next. 
Concluded with prayer. 

18* 



210 



MINUTES OF THE 



The Synod met according to adjournment. 

Philadelphia, May 22d, 1754. Ubi post preces sederunt, 

From Donegall Presbytery: Messrs. Boyd, Elder, Steel, and Thomson. 

From Philadelphia Presbytery: Messrs. Cross, Alison, McHenry, and 
Elmer. 

From New Castle Presbytery: Messrs. McDowell and Alison. 

Elders: Messrs. John Henderson, Robert Chambers, John Alison, John 
Johnston, Robert Meckey, and James Vance. 

Absent from Donegall Presbytery : Messrs. Zanchy, Thomson, Black, and 
Craig. From New Castle Presbytery: Messrs. Gillespie and Hamilton. 
From Philadelphia: Messrs. Cowell and Guild. 

Since our last Messrs. Robert Cathcart and Timothy Griffith were removed 
by death. 

Since our last Mr. Robert McMordie was ordained in the bounds of Done- 
gall Presbytery, and Mr. John Kinkead in Philadelphia Presbytery. 

Mr. Hector Alison, our last year's moderator, opened the Synod with a 
sermon from 1 Cor. iv. 2. 

Mr. Francis McHenry chosen moderator, Mr. Smith clerk. 

Ordered, The minutes of our last be read. 

Messrs. Elmer's and McHenry's absence from our last excused for reasons 
given. 

Mr. Gillespie gave his reasons for his absence. 

Adjourned to nine o'clock, to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 

May 23d, the Synod met according to adjournment. Ubi post preces 
sederunt qui supra. 

Mr. Thomson's last year's absence excused for reasons given. 

Ordered, The minutes of our last sederunt be read. 

Ordered, That Messrs. Cross, Boyd, Steel, Elder, McDowell, Tate, Smith, 
and the moderator, be the commission of the Synod for the ensuing year, and 
the committee for the fund, and four, with the moderator, be a quorum ; and 
that John Johnston, John Alison, Robert Meckey, be elders, joined in the 
affair of the fund. 

Inquiry being made whether or no the several Presbyteries had brought in 
their books, it was found that the books of New Castle and Donegall were 
not brought ; ordered, That they bring them against our next. 

Inquiry being made who had brought money for the fund, it was found that 
the following brethren brought, viz : Mr. Boyd two pounds ten shillings, Mr. 
Smith one pound ten shillings, Mr. Thomson ten pounds, Messrs. Cross, 
McHenry, and Alison, six pounds. 

Ordered, That every Presbytery enjoin their absent members to send their 
collections for the fund to the Presbytery, to be remitted to the Synod yearly, 
or their trustee. 

The commission of the Synod appointed to act in the affair of Mr. Hector 
Alison's removal, met according to appointment and determined it. 

The affair of the school deferred. 

The affair of the back country came under consideration. 

Ordered, That Messrs. Tate and Kinkead supply those vacancies anv time 
not exceeding three months. 

The meeting of the committee for the fund, deferred. 

Ordered, That every Presbytery appoint one of their number to preach on 
Friday evening, when the Synod is met. 

A proposal was made by Mr. Alison, for laying some plan for a fund for 



SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 211 

the support of ministers' widows, which was referred till further conside- 
ration. 

Mr. Steel's affair deferred. 

A reference from Philadelphia Presbytery relating to Mr. Elmer, deferred. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

The Synod met according to adjournment. Ubi post preces sederunt qui 
supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of our last sederunt be read. 

The affair of the school referred. 

Mr. McDowell, under whose care and inspection the school has been for 
these two last years, has declined to have the whole burden. Therefore, Mr. 
Wilson is appointed to teach the languages, Mr. McDowell undertaking, from 
a sense of the public good, to continue to teach logic, mathematics, natural 
and moral philosophy, &c ; and it is agreed, that Mr. Wilson have the same 
encouragement which Mr. McDowell had; and it is further agreed, that the 
Presbytery have a special regard to Mr. Wilson in their appointments, in not 
sending him to those vacancies which are too far distant for his attendance in 
the beginning of the week. 

Ordered, That New Castle Presbytery and Messrs. Boyd and Smith, be 
the committee to visit the school twice in the year, viz: the first Tuesdays 
of October and April. 

The meeting of the committee of the fund deferred. 

The proposal for laying the plan for a fund to support ministers' widows, 
deferred. 

The reference from Philadelphia relating to Mr. Elmer, reassumed. 

Ordered, That Messrs. McHenry, Cowell, and Kinkead, go to Mr. Elmer's 
congregation and endeavour to remove the difficulties he complains of before 
our next meeting, and that Mr. Cross write to Mr. Cowell to attend on the 
day which may be agreed on. 

Adjourned to nine o'clock, A. M. Concluded with prayer. 

May 24. The Synod met according to adjournment. Ubi post preces 
sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

Upon an application from the Presbytery of New Castle for assistance, it 
is ordered, that Messrs. Boyd and Smith sit with them till our next meeting, 
and be excused from attending Donegall farther than they think convenient, 
and that Mr. Kinkead correspond with them in August. 

The meeting of the committee for the fund deferred. 

A plan for the support of ministers' widows was offered to the Synod and 
considered. 

Ordered, That a fair copy be drawn against our next sederunt and in- 
serted. 

Ordered, That Messrs. Cross, Boyd, and Alison, wait upon Mr. Allen at 
such a time as shall be found convenient. 

A letter from the Synod of New York was brought in and read. 

Ordered, That Messrs. Alison, Steel, and Elder, be a committee to form 
proposals to the Synod for the supporting ministers' widows, against four 
o'clock. 

Adjourned till four o'clock. Concluded with prayer. 

The Synod met according to adjournment. Ubi post preces sederunt qui 

supra. 
Ordered, That the minutes of our last be read. 
Upon a supplication of the congregation of Middleton to the Synod, Mr. 



°'12 



MINUTES OF THE 



Kinkead is appointed to supply said congregation, the last Sabbaths of June 
and July. 

The meeting of the committee of the fund deferred. 

The plan of the fund for supporting ministers' widows, was brought in, 
read, approved, and signed, by all the ministers then present. 

The committee, according to appointment, brought an answer to the letter 
to the Synod of New York, which was read and approved. 

Ordered, That it be fairly transcribed against our next sederunt. 

Adjourned till nine o'clock, A. M. Concluded with prayer. 

May 25. The Synod met according to adjournment. Ubi post preces 
sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, The minutes of our last sederunt be read. 

The meeting of the committee of the fund deferred. 

The Synodical company agree, in order to complete their plan and carry it 
into full execution, that each Presbytery shall choose a member to represent 
them, and send by him their several quotas to the fund the second Wednesday 
of October next, and these representatives then met, shall put the stock into 
the hands of appointed trustees, and see the proper regulations of it, a copy 
whereof shall be returned to each Presbytery, and as many more members 
may come to assist in the affair as can conveniently. 

On reading the minute concerning the proposals to be sent to the brethren 
of the Synod of New York, it is agreed on farther consideration, to defer 
sending proposals until conference be first had with some members of New 
York Synod, commissioned for that purpose, which we judge a better expe- 
dient than the present method of treating of an union; inasmuch as a very 
pacific temper seems to prevail in the members of both Synods, and a letter 
be wrote imparting our desire of said conference against our next. 

The members appointed waited on Mr. Allen, who informed them, in pur- 
suance of Mr. Humphry Murray's last will, he will allow sixty pounds for the 
benefit of ministers' widows. 

Ordered, That Messrs. McDowell and Smith represent briefly some of the 
most dangerous opinions and practices of the seceders, and get them printed, 
and that the books be divided among the ministers, who are to sell them where 
these gentlemen are doing most damage. Memorandum, that no one piece 
exceed a sheet. 

At the request of Mr. Cross, it is ordered, that Mr. Alison or Mr. Cross 
shall have allowance to write to any minister to come and preach two Sabbaths 
at any time during Mr. Cross's illness. 

Ordered, That the committee for the fund meet at Mr. Cross's, at four 
o'clock, this afternoon. 

Adjourned till the fourth Wednesday of May next. 

Concluded with prayer. 

The Synod met according to appointment, 

Philadelphia, May 28th, 1755. Ubi post preces sederunt, 

From Philadelphia Presbytery: Messrs. Cross, Alison, McHenry, Cowell, 
Guild, and Kinkead. 

From New Castle Presbytery: Messrs. McDowell and Alison. 

From Donegall Presbytery: Messrs. Boyd, Zanchy, Steel, Tate, Smith, 
and McMordie. 

Elders: Messrs. John Johnston, William Donaldson, Thomas Hope, James 
Anderson, Thomas Scot, and Joseph Armstrong 



SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 213 

Absent of New Castle Presbytery: Messrs. Gillespie and Hamilton. Of 
Donegall Presbytery: Messrs. Elder, Thomson, Black, and Craig. 

Mr. Tate chosen moderator, Mr. Donaldson clerk. 

Mr. McHenry, the last year's moderator, opened the Synod with a sermon 
from Heb. x. 24. 

Adjourned till nine o'clock to-morrow, A. M. Concluded with prayer. 

May 29th. The Synod met according to adjournment. Ubi post preces 
sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of our last year's Synod be read. 

Messrs. Zanchy, Tate, and Guild, gave reasons for their absence from last 
year's Synod, which were sustained. 

Since our last Mr. Elmer is removed by death. 

Mr. Gillespie's absence excused because of his indisposition. 

Ordered, That Messrs. Cross, Boyd, Steel, Cowell, Smith, McHenry, 
Francis Alison, and the moderator, be the commission of the Synod for the 
ensuing year. 

The affair of the fund deferred. 

None of the Presbyteries produced their books, the omission is greatly 
blamed, and it is recommended to them to be more careful for the time to 
come. 

Inquiry being made who had brought money for the fund, and it is found 
that none advanced any, save Messrs. Cross, Boyd, Zanchy, Steel, and 
McHenry. 

The affair of the school deferred. 

Messrs. Tate and Kinkead, fulfilled their appointments in Virginia. The 
mission to Virginia and Carolina deferred. 

Ordered, That every Presbytery appoint one of their number to preach on 
Friday evening, at the future meetings of the Synod, if required. 

Ordered, That Messrs. Boyd and Smith continue to sit with New Castle 
Presbytery till our next. 

The plan of a fund for ministers' widows deferred. 

A letter was sent to the Synod of New York, as ordered at our last, de- 
siring that some of their members might be appointed as commissioners to 
treat of an union; and we now understand that there are commissioners 
waiting on this Synod for a conference. After the affair was considered in 
Synod, in order to furnish such as should be appointed to meet these brethren, 
with some instructions, the Synod appoint Messrs. Cross, Boyd, Francis 
Alison, Steel, McHenry, Cowell, and McDowell, to meet with them at three 
o'clock this afternoon, and that notice hereof be given to them. 

Adjourned to three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

May 30th, nine o'clock, A. M. Ubi post preces, sederunt qui supra. 

The conference appointed with New York brethren, was continued so long 
yesterday afternoon, that the Synod did not meet till this morning. 

Ordered, That the affair of the widow's fund and of the Synod's fund be 
continued. 

Ordered, That every minister, according to our former agreement, propose 
the collection for the fund to his congregation, and as it is a Synod ical appoint- 
ment, it is inconsistent with our church government to be under the check or 
prohibition of a church session; they indeed may give or withhold their cha- 
rity, but may not prevent a minister to propose it publicly, according to our 
appointment. Ordered likewise, That every Presbytery take care of the con- 
duct of their members, how they observe this agreement previous to their 



2X4 MINUTES OF THE 

coming to the Synod, and that they gather the collection from absent mem- 
bers. 

The Synod having taken into consideration the Virginia and Carolina sup- 
plications, order, That Mr. Donaldson supply the back inhabitants of Virginia 
and North Carolina, at least three months next fall; and that he in particular 
pay a regard to the supplications that were laid before this Synod by some of 
these back inhabitants. That Mr. Wilson supply them in like manner, for 
three months next winter ; and Mr. McKennan for three months next spring. 

A plan of a fund for ministers' widows, was proposed and considered. 
Ordered, That it lie under consideration, and that the amendments be made 
which were now proposed on reading the overture. 

Ordered, That a fast be appointed by the Synod through our bounds before 
we part. 

Adjourned to three o'clock, P. M. 

The Synod met according to adjournment. Ubipost preces sederunt qui 
supra. 

The affair of the widow's fund reassumed. A plan for the same read and 
approved as it here follows : 

In order to increase a certain fund now in our hands, and have the same 
duly applied to support our widows and children after our decease, we, sub- 
scribing members of the Synod of Philadelphia, do promise and agree to, and 
with each other in manner following, that is to say : 

I. Each of us shall annually pay into the common stock, the sum of two 
pounds, or of three pounds, of lawful money, as every one chooses, the first 
payment to be made immediately upon concluding this agreement, and one 
on the fourth Wednesday of May every year thereafter as long as we live. 

II. Every minister hereafter becoming a member of the Synod of Phila- 
delphia, shall have a right to come into this agreement, to choose which of 
these different payments he will subject himself unto, and so have the pri- 
vileges of a member of this fund company. And so may every candidate for 
the ministry under their care. 

III. Any minister belonging to said Synod, who has now an opportunity 
to join in this agreement, but declines the same, may at any time hereafter 
join and be received, provided he pay as much into the stock as shall make 
up the several payments, and the interest of them that he would have made, 
had he joined now. Also, any member first choosing the lower payment, but 
hereafter choosing the higher, shall be allowed to change, upon his paying 
the difference of the two rates, with the interest thereof from his first joining 
the company. 

IV. Out of this fund shall be annually paid on the fourth Wednesday of 
May, the sum of five pounds, or of seven pounds ten shillings, to the widow 
of every deceased member, who had been subject to the annual payment of 
two pounds, or of three pounds respectively, during her life. But if any such 
widow marry again, she shall thenceforth have but one third part of the an- 
nuity she was otherwise entitled unto, through the residue of her life, and the 
other two thirds shall pass to the child or children of the deceased member, if 
there be any, for the term of twelve years after the father's decease, and be 
divided annually among them as the company judge fit. And at the comple- 
tion of twelve years, reckoned from the father's death, their annuity shall 
cease. If there be no widow, or if she die before twelve years after the hus- 
band's decease, then the whole annuity she was entitled unto, shall pass to 
the child or children, until said twelve years are completed. If there be no 
child, and the widow marry, she shall have only one half of the annunitv 
through the rest of her life. If any member die before five yearly payments 



SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 215 

are made, the widow shall be entitled to her proper annuity, only deducting 
the payments her husband was to have made yearly out of the same, until five 
annual payments are completed, from the time of her husband's joining the 
company. Likewise, if any member of the company should be rendered 
incapable of all business, whereby he might be supported, by disorders, he 
shall be entitled to like annuities during such indisposition. 

A minister's removing to any other part of the world, or his being suspended, 
or deposed, or resigning charge or office, shall not deprive his widow or chil- 
dren of their proper annuity, provided he still continue to make his yearly 
payments in his life time. 

If any member fail of making his yearly payments at the times fixed above, 
he shall thereafter pay the same with the interest thereof, from that time, 
and if any fail for three years together, he shall thereby forfeit his interest in 
the fund. And if, at any member's decease, he stands indebted to the fund, 
die sum he owes shall be deducted out of his relick's annuity. 

No annuity shall be reckoned due or paid, until the fourth Wednesday of 
May, that comes next after the member's being a full year deceased. Every 
person applying for annuities, shall produce to the treasurer, a certificate from 
the clerk of the Presbytery in whose bounds the person lives, that the person 
is such as is entitled to a certain annuity, who may thereupon be paid such 
annuity as is due, according to the case of the person. 

V. No higher annuity shall be allowed until the yearly contributions, to- 
gether with the interest of the stock, have, besides paying these said annui- 
ties, raised a capital of eight hundred pounds for twenty members, and so in 
proportion greater as there shall happen to be more than twenty members in 
the company. 

VI. When such a capital is once raised, then whatever the yearly contri- 
butions and produce of that capital shall be more than pays the said annuities, 
and costs of management, the same shall be divided among, and paid unto the 
widows and children aforesaid, in proportion to their rates respectively. So 
as that the capital be not lessened, and reserving a right to the company to 
apply the yearly payments to raise an higher capital, if more than twenty 
members be joined, that so the aforesaid proportion between the capital and 
number of members may be preserved. 

VII. We at present appoint and impower the Honourable William Allen, 
Esq'r., Mr. William Humphreys, Mr. Alexander Houston, Mr. John Wallis, 
Mr. John Bleakly, senior, and Mr. William Mcllvaine, gentlemen, and 
Messrs. Kobert Cross, and Francis Alison, ministers, to be our trustees, and 
take our fund into their hands, to lend, recall, and remit, to receive the yearly 
payments of the members, and all donations made to the company, and pay 
yearly the annuities as above determined, with other incidental costs, and to 
manage the whole affairs of our fund according to this agreement. Which 
trustees shall make a declaration of trust to the company, and renew the same 
yearly, if required, and give a full account of the management and state of the 
fund on the fourth Wednesday of every May, and whensoever, besides this, 
if any special cau-e shall move the company to desire it. And when there is 
occasion to appoint new trustees, by the death or relinquishment of any of 
these mentioned, or otherwise, when the company think it necessary to 
change any appointed, which they shall ahvays have power to do when they 
find cause. In such cases new trustees shall be nominated and appointed by 
the common vote of the company. And it is agreed, that three gentlemen, 
with one or both of ihe ministers nominated, be a quorum, and have full power 
to act, when no more can meet. 

VIII. We still reserve a power to ourselves to make such further regula- 
tions and alterations as future experience shall discover to be necessary here- 



216 MINUTES OF THE 

after, by the vote of the company at our yearly meetings, which shall be on 
the fourth Wednesday of May, only no article here shall be altered, or new 
regulation made, without two-thirds of the number joined in company agree- 
ing and voting for the same. Nor no new regulations shall be made but such 
as are adjudged necessary to advance, and not destroy the design of this agree- 
ment, and consistent therewith, that particularly the proportion between the 
capital and number of members, and the yearly annuities arising by the pre- 
sent plan, shall not be lessened. 



Subscribed this 30th day of May, 1755, by 








£ 


s. d. 




£ 


s. 


4 


Francis Alison, 3 





Sampson Smith, 


3 








Adam Boyd, 2 





Richard Zanchy, 


3 





8 


Francis McHenry, 2 





Robert McMordie, 


2 








Alexander McDowell, 3 





Joseph Tate, 


3 








John Steel, 3 





Hector Alison, 


3 








John Kinkead, 2 





Matthew Wilson, 


3 








William McKennan, 2 





William Donaldson, 


3 





e 


John Elder, 




George Gillespie. 









In consideration that the widows of such members as now join in company 
to raise a fund for themselves, will never come upon the Synod's care, the 
Synod agree to allow one hundred and fifteen pounds to the company, re- 
serving all the remaining, which is the chief part of their fund, with the year- 
ly collections of congregations, to be disposed of by the Synod as usual, and 
that the widows that now belong to the Synod receive a yearly relief from the 
Synod's fund as usual; and at the death of any of them, the Synod shall at 
their discretion, add to our widow's fund as they think proper. 

Ordered, That the clerk of the Synod send a copy of the plan for the 
widows' fund to each of our Presbyteries. 

Ordered, That Messrs. Francis Alison and McHenry, wait on Mr. Allen, 
and lay our plan for the widows' fund before him, and that they endeavour to 
persuade him to be a trustee ; and to demand the money in his hands as he 
ordered some of our number to do when they thought fit. 

Adjourned till nine o'clock to-morrow, A. M. Concluded with prayer. 

May Slst. Ubi post preces, sederunt qui supra. 

The Synod met according to adjournment. 

The Synod having taken into consideration the prevailing iniquity which 
abounds in our land, and the many tokens of Divine displeasure we" are un- 
der, being threatened with a dangerous war, left to manifold divisions, and 
confusions, both in church and state, and the rain of heaven restrained to the 
great damage of the fruits of the earth, do therefore agree, that the twelfth 
day of June be observed as a day of fasting and humiliation through all our 
bounds, to bewail our sins and the sins of our lands, to deprecate the Divine 
displeasure we deserve, and implore God to remove these tokens of his anger, 
and save us from the strokes we now feel, fear, and deserve. 

It appears by the report of the committee appointed to converse with the 
brethren from the Synod of New York, that in order to accomplish an union, 
they proposed that as to all past complaints and differences, we should mu- 
tually forgive and forget, and wholly bury all diese things in perpetual obli- 
vion, and endeavour in the strength of God to treat each other hereafter as 
though these things had never been. And as the Synods are two distinct ju- 
dicatures now, and in present circumstances are not accountable to each other, 
they should unite as two contiguous bodies of Christians agreed in principle* 
as though they never had been concerned with one another before, nor had 
any differences, which is the truth as to a great part of both Synods. And 



SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 217 

should now join the Synods and Presbyteries upon such Scriptural and rational 
terms as may secure peace and good order, tend to heal our broken churches, 
and advance religion hereafter; and it appears that these brethren cannot be 
satisfied with this dropping all former differences in such a general and indis- 
tinct way, and particularly would have the protestation made in 1741, with- 
drawn, or declared null and void before union. 

- The Synod have considered these things, and are still willing to adhere to 
the above proposals, in order to obtain peace and union, which they appre- 
hend of the last importance in the Church of Christ, and see not what they 
can further propose. 

We are commanded to forgive injuries and offences, and this is absolutely 
necessary in this imperfect state, to preserve peace among Christians; and if it 
were asked by any, how we can now join, who lately had such differences, we 
think every well disposed Christian would be satisfied with being told, that 
we mutually forgive according to Christ's command, and agree to maintain 
good conduct, through grace, lor the time to come. 

As to what has been insisted on concerning the protestation, the Synod have 
repeatedly said, that when an union is made, they will carry toward these 
brethren as though neither this, nor any of the other protestations standing 
now in our records, or any oilier ground of difference on either side had ever 
been; and we see not at present what further we can propose on this particu- 
lar. For, any member or members being aggrieved, and obtaining no satisfy- 
ing redress, even in the highest judicature, have a right to protest and require 
the same to be recorded, and as the judicature may not refuse members this 
privilege, so neither can they disannul or withdraw such protestations, the 
protesters themselves only can do this. And as some members of New York 
Synod insist on satisfaction with respect to the protestation, and are unwilling 
to forgive and bury all grounds of difference, we assure them, we think our- 
selves greatly injured and offended in many instances, and yet for the sake of 
peace, and the good of the Church, we have made them these healing propo- 
sals, which we recommend to the further consideration of our brethren of New 
York. We desire also, that the Synod of York would consider that they 
thought it for edification and the <rood of the Church to erect a Synod at New 
York, and declared that they did not set up in opposition to the Synod of 
Philadelphia, but as a si<ter Church. We now think it unbrotherly in them 
to hold a Synod in Philadelphia, and that it looks like erecting altar against 
altar, and we hope afterwards to have no ground of complaint for such con- 
duct. 

And order that a copy of this minute be sent to New York Synod. 

The affair of the school taken into consideration and continued. 

Adjourned till ten o'clock on Monday, A. M. Concluded with prayer. 

June the 2d. Ubi post preces, sederunt qui supra. 

The Synod met according to appointment. 

Mr. Alexander Millar, from Ireland, appeared before this Synod, and beg- 
ged that we would endeavour to procure a reconciliation between the Synod 
of Dunganon, or the Presbytery of Letterkenny and him; and he delivered a 
penitential acknowledgment to transmit to those gentlemen. 

Ordered, That Mr. Alexander McDowell write to Messrs. William Boyd, 
John Marshall, or John Holmes, and inclose his acknowledgment. 

A letter was laid before this Synod from the Rev. Mr. William McBath, in 

Dublin, acquainting us that Dr. Leland, Dr. Duchal, Mr. Mears, and Mr. 

Weld, with other gentlemen, had sent a collection of books for the benefit of 

public schools, the use of students, and the encouragement of learning in this 

19 



218 MINUTES OF THE 

infant church, to be disposed of by the Synod in the best manner to answer 
these good ends. 

Ordered, That Messrs. Cross and Alison write them a letter of thanks. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

P. M. Ubi post preces, sederunt qui supra. 

The Synod met according to adjournment. 

Ordered, That application be made to the trustees of the German schools 
to procure a sum of money to encourage our school, engaging to teach some 
Dutch children the English tongue, and three or four boys Latin and Greek, 
if they offer themselves : and that Mr. Sampson Smith open the school at 
Chesnut Level so soon as this favour [is obtained] ; and that Messrs. Cross and 
Alison draw up and present an address to the trustees of the German schools. 
If the sum obtained be less than twenty pounds currency, and not less than 
fifteen pounds, the Synod shall allow to the school five pounds. 

'Tis agreed that the books sent from Dublin be the foundation of a public 
library, under the care of the Synod. That books proper for our school in 
the country be lent to the master, and that he give his obligation to return the 
same indemnified, when demanded; or if any be lost or damnified, that he re- 
pair the damages. And further, that any minister belonging to this Synod 
may borrow any of the said books, and that they be allowed to keep a folio 
for one year, a quarto half a year, and an octavo, or a lesser volume, for three 
months ; that they give their obligation for the full price of the volume, to re- 
turn it safe, or to pay damages. And if any book be detained beyond the 
time appointed, every minister so failing shall pay one shilling per month for 
a folio, eight pence per month for a quarto, and four pence per month for oc- 
tavos and lesser volumes. 'Tis agreed likewise, to lend none of them beyond 
Potomac River ; and that the books be committed to the trustees of the fund 
for ministers' widows, who shall choose a librarian, to take care of the library 
for these ends, and for the benefit of students of Divinity in the College of 
Philadelphia. 

Appointed that Messrs. Cross, Boyd, Alison, McHenry, McDowell, Tate, 
Smith, and McMordie, be the committee for the fund. 

Adjourned till the fourth Wednesday of May next. 

Concluded with prayer. 

The Synod met, according to adjournment, 

Philadelphia, May the 26th, 1756. Ubi post preces sederu?it, 

From the Philadelphia Presbytery: Messrs. Cross, Alison, Cowell, Guild, 
and McHenry. 

From Donegall: Mr. Tate. 

From New Castle: Messrs. Boyd, Alison, McDowell, McKennan, Wilson, 
and Smith. 

Elders : Messrs. John Cross, Francis Alexander, Alexander Bryans, John 
Crossan, John Snodgrass, Andrew Boggs. 

Mr. Guild chosen moderator, and Mr. Smith clerk. 

Adjourned to nine o'clock, A. M. Concluded with prayer. 

May 21th, at nine o'clock. A. M. The Synod met according to ad- 
journment, bbi post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Absent From Donegall Presbytery: Messrs. Zanchy, Elder. Steel, Thom- 
son, Black, Craig, and McMordie. From New Casile: Mr. Gillespie. 

Mr. Tate, the last year's moderator, opened the Synod with a sermon from 
2 Cor. v. 20. 

Since our last the Rev. Mr. John Hamilton was removed by death. 



SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 219 

Ordered, That Messrs. Cross, Boyd, Francis Alison, Steel, Cowell, 
McHenry, Tate, Smith, and the moderator, be the commission of the Synod, 
and committee for the fund for the ensuing year. 

The affair of the fund deferred. 

None of the Presbyteries produced their books, the omission is greatly 
blamed, and it is recommended to them to be more careful for the future. 

Inquiry being made who had brought any thing for the fund, it was found 
that Messrs. Cross, Cowell, Guild, McHenry, Boyd, Tate, McKennan, Wil- 
son, Alison, and Smith, brought some. 

The affair of the school deferred. 

Ordered, That every Presbytery appoint one of their number to preach on 
Friday evenings at the future meetings of the Synod, if required. 

The affair of the widow's and Synod's funds deferred. 

The supplications from Virginia and North Carolina, being taken under 
consideration, ordered, That Mr. John Alison supply those vacancies next fall 
and winter. And the Synod recommend it to him, and all such as may be 
sent by us to supply these distant parts, to study in all their public adminis- 
trations and private conversations, to promote peace and unity among the soci- 
eties, and to avoid whatever may tend to foment divisions and party spirit; 
and to treat every minister of the gospel from the Synod of New York, of the 
like principles and peaceful temper, in a brotherly manner; as we desire to 
promote true religion and not party designs. And the Synod resolve to send 
a copy of these instructions to our brethren of the Synod of New York, 
hoping they will recommend the like conduct to any they send thither. 

Ordered, That each of our suppliers sent to these distant parts, carry a copy 
of these minutes with them. 

Adjourned to three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

At three o'clock, P. M. The Synod met according to adjournment. Ubi 
post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

The affair of the school deferred. 

A copy of the minute from the Synod of New York, was brought in and 
read, as follows : 

A copy of a minute of the Synod of New York, at their session in Phila- 
delphia, October 1st, 1755. Ordered to be sent to the Synod of Philadelphia, 
which is as follows: 

A copy of a minute of Philadelphia Synod, at their convention in May last, 
relating to the proposals of union between the two Synods, was brought in and 
read. In which they propose, that in order to an union, " all complaints and 
differences should be mutually forgiven and buried in perpetual oblivion ; that 
the Synods should unite as two contiguous bodies of Christians agreed in 
principle, as though they had nevei been concerned with one another before, 
nor had any differences ; and now join the Synods and Presbyteries upon 
such scriptural and rational terms as may secure peace and good order, tend to 
heal our broken churches, and advance religion hereafter." 

On this we beg leave to observe, that it was agreed unanimously, by the 
commission of both Synods at Trenton, that both sides should be particular in 
proposing, whatever they thought necessary in order to union; " and as some 
things which we judged Scriptural and rational terms," our circumstances con- 
sidered, have not been consented to by the Synod of Philadelphia ; we would 
have been glad had they descended to these particulars, that we might have 
been now able to judge whether there are grounds to expect satisfaction concern- 
ing them. Particularly our proposals concerning the continuance of Presby- 
teries and congregations as they now stand, and the terms of ministerial com^ 



220 MINUTES OF THE 

munion mentioned in the year 1749, at Maidenhead, second and third articles, 
and article second at Newark, 1750, and first article anno 1751, which last 
we esteem to be always rational and Scriptural terms. 

We readily agree, that " it is the command of Christ, and a necessary duty 
to forgive offences in the present imperfect state, and that peace among Chris- 
tians cannot otherwise be preserved." And we can assure our brethren of 
Philadelphia Synod, that our insisting on certain preliminaries, did not pro- 
ceed, so far as we know ourselves, from humour or resentment, but from our 
apprehending them necessary to preserve and promote the public interests of 
religion amongst us. And though some of our members desire leave to de- 
clare, that "they think themselves greatly injured and offended in many 
instances," particularly in being charged in the protest, as the reasons for 
entering it, with several grievous crimes which they constantly declare were 
not fact; yet for the sake of peace, and the good of this church, they profess 
themselves willing to forgive such offences, so far as they are personal. 

We also agree, that " any member or members being aggrieved, and obtain- 
ing no satisfying redress, even in the highest judicature, have a right to pro- 
test, and require the same to be recorded. And as judicatures may not refuse 
members this privilege, so neither can they disannul or withdraw such pro- 
testation." " The protesters themselves only can do this." And we must 
own that our insisting on the Synod's disannulling the protestation made in 
1741, could have no propriety in it, but from our apprehension that the Synod 
of Philadelphia, as a Synod, had approved and adopted said protestation. 
And consequently, if our brethren shall declare, that in their Synodical capa- 
city, they do not adopt it, this will remove the ground of our insisting any 
further on this point with the Synod. 

Further, we assure our brethren, that in meeting at Philadelphia, we neither 
did nor do design any opposition to their Synod. The only reason is, the 
case of many members, who are far distant to the southward and westward of 
Philadelphia, and on that account cannot without insuperable difficulty duly 
attend Synodical conventions ; which, we hope, will be a satisfying reason 
for our conduct in this particular. 

We apprehend with our brethren, that peace and union is of the utmost 
importance in the church of Christ, and are heartily willing to come into a 
coalition upon such Scriptural and rational terms, as may secure peace and 
good order, heal our broken churches, and advance religion hereafter. Nor 
do we insist on particulars with any other view, than that the proposed union 
might effectually answer such valuable and important ends. 

Finally, as the protestation made in 1741, appears to be a principal obstruc- 
tion to the union of both Synods, which nothing hitherto offered has been able 
to remove, and as a great part of the present members of both Svnods, are 
such as were not directly active, nor immediately concerned in that protesta- 
tion ; and as the present minute of the Synod of Philadelphia, seems to dis- 
tinguish between the protesters and the Synod, and so gives us ground to ex- 
pect, that they will satisfy us by declaring that they do not Svnodicallv adopt 
said protestation; upon their doing of which, we propose the* following expe- 
dient for the entire removal of the aforesaid obstacles, to wit: That both 
Synods unite upon the terms mentioned by this Svnod in their particular pro- 
posals made in the years referred to above, that one article respecting the pro- 
testation excepted. That the Synod thus composed of both bodies, shall, 
immediately after being constituted, proceed to hear and determine the differ- 
ences between the protesters and those protested against, if needful. 
A true copy of the Synod's minute. 

Per Richard Treat. Svnod clerk. 

Ordered, That Messrs. Alison, McDowell, McHemy, Cowell, and the 



SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 221 

moderator, be a committee to prepare an answer to the minute received from 
the Synod of New York, against to-morrow. 

The affair of the widows' fund was taken into consideration. 

Messrs. Cross and Alison inform us that the Honourable William Allen, 
Esq'r. and the other gentlemen, were pleased to take into their hands the 
management of the widows' fund in the beginning of last January; and that 
by a correspondence with the Rev. Messrs. Wallace and Webster, in Edin- 
burgh, they find it necessary to make an alteration in their plan, which was 
unanimously approved as follows : 

If any member die before five yearly payments are made by him to the 
common stock, the widow shall be entided to her annuity, only the half of it 
shall be deducted, 'till what her husband hath paid into the common stock, 
together with said deductions, be equal to five years' payments or incomes of 
her full annuity ; and afterwards she shall have her full annuity, as before 
appointed. 

Ordered, That Mr. Alison, who was chosen clerk and trustee for the fund, 
insert the plan with said alteration. 

Agreed also, That application be made to his honour the governor, by 
Messrs. Cross, Alison, Boyd, Cowell, and McHenry, to obtain a charter for 
the above mentioned fund. 

Adjourned to nine o'clock, A. M. Concluded with prayer. 

At nine o'clock, A. M. The Synod met according to adjournment. Ubi 
post preces, sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, The minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

The committee appointed to prepare an answer to the minute received from 
the Synod of New York brought in one, which was read and unanimously 
approved, as follows : 

We are heartily willing and desirous, that the Synods of New York and 
Philadelphia be united ; and that all the Presbyteries belonging to both be 
united as the members lie contiguous to one another; and that our union be not 
only in name, but in reality, and in love, and sincere affection. This we 
think will greatly advance the kingdom of Christ and vital holiness among us, 
and will, in many respects, be our common honour and our common interest. 
We are willing to bury in perpetual oblivion, all our past differences and 
names of distinction, and to forgive all the injuries we have received, or ima- 
gine that we have received in times past. And we have the testimony of our 
consciences, that we study the things that make for peace, (as your Synod 
have recommended,) and we hope the Synod of New York, and that the 
world will testify the same for us. 

We desire to unite on the same terms, on which the members of both Sy- 
nods were united when one body. And we are glad to join with the Synod 
of New York in an expedient to cut off all debates about the protestation 
made in 1741. We allow the protesters the right of private judgment, and you 
will allow that we u neither can disannul nor withdraw their protestation;" 
but in a Synodical capacity, at your desire, we declare and do assure you, 
that we neither adopted nor do adopt said protestation as a term of ministerial 
communion; it was never mentioned to any of our members as a term of com- 
munion more than any of the other protestations delivered into our Synod on 
occasion of those differences. We only adopt and desire to adhere to our 
standards, as we agreed when formerly united in one body, we adopt no 
other. 

We refer these proposals to the 6erious consideration of the Synod, of New 
York ; we are in earnest for peace and union, and we hope they are so too. 
As it may be necessary that a committee of both Synods meet to adjust mat- 
19* 



002 MINUTES OF THE 

ters previous to an union, we appoint the commission of our Synod, on timely 
notice given, to meet with such members as they may appoint for this pur- 
pose, at Philadelphia or any other convenient place. 

A supplication from the congregations of Cook's Creek and Pecked Moun- 
tain, requesting us to receive Mr. Alexander Millar as a full member, and to 
appoint his instalment as their regular pastor, was brought in and read. 

The Synod, after considering their request, find it necessary to wait till 
they receive an answer from the Synod in Ireland, if they think fit to send 
one this season; but resolve, that as he has offered satisfaction to that Synod, 
by our mediation, and has behaved so as to be well respected as a minister 
among us, if either the Synod of Ireland send us no answer, or inform us that 
they have accepted his submission, we do order Messrs. Black and Craig to 
receive him as a member, and instal him, provided they find his conduct in 
that part of Christ's vineyard such as becomes a gospel minister. And it is 
ordered, that letters be written by Mr. Boyd to those brethren to this purpose, 
by Mr. John Alison, or some other proper hand, in the fall when the ships 
are arrived from Ireland. 

Ordered, That a copy of this minute be given to the commissioner of the 
above mentioned congregations. 

The affair of the school referred. 

Adjourned to three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

At three o'clock, P. M. Ubi post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

The affair of the school came under consideration, and allowed that Mr. 
Smith be paid out of the Synod's fund for the 3 T ear past, if the trustees of the 
German schools be unwilling to pay him, and that for his encouragement for 
the ensuing year, he be allowed ten or twelve pounds, provided the trustees 
of the German schools refuse to continue their encouragement, as we expect. 

Appointed, That the committee for the fund meet at ten o'clock to-morrow 
morning. 

Adjourned to the fourth Wednesday of May next. Concluded with prayer. 

Philadelphia, May the 2oth, 1757. 

The Synod met at Philadelphia, according to adjournment. Cbi post 
preces sederunt, 

Of Donegall Presbytery: Messrs. Thomson, Tate, Steel, and McMordie. 

Of Philadelphia Presbytery: Messrs.. Cross, Alison, and Kinkead. 

Of New Castle Presbytery: Messrs. Boyd, McDowell, Smith, McKennan, 
Millar, and Wilson. 

Elders: Andrew Thomson, Patrick Campbell, Robert McPherson, John 
Cross, Daniel Henderson, James Pagan, Robert McKnight, John Mustard, 
Matthew Wallace. 

Absent of Donegall Presbytery: Messrs. Elder, Zanchv, Black, Craig. 
" of Philadelphia: Messrs. Cowell and Guild. 
" of New Castle: Messrs. Alison and Gillespie. 

The last year's moderator being absent, the Synod was opened bv Mr. 
Smith, with a sermon on Phil. hi. 8. 

Mr. Boyd was chosen moderator, and Mr. Smith clerk. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last year be read. 

The Presbytery of Philadelphia inform us, that the Rev. Mr. MeHenrv is 
dead since our last meeting. 

The Presbytery of New Castle inform us, that the Rev. Mr. John Millar 
has been admitted a member by them since our last. 

The reasons of Messrs. Thomson and McMordie for their absence were 
sustained. 



SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 223 

Ordered, That Messrs. Cross, Francis Alison, Steel, Cowell, McDowell, 
Tate, McKennan, Smith, and the moderator, be the commission of the Synod, 
and committee for the fund the ensuing year, and that any three, with the 
moderator, be a quorum. 

The affair of the fund deferred. 

Ordered, That the Presbyteries be more punctual in bringing their books 
for the future. 

Inquiry being made who brought any thing for the fund, it was found that 
Messrs. Tate, Boyd, Smith, Cross, McKennan, Wilson, brought some. 

The affair of the school deferred. 

The affair of the Synod's and widows' fund deferred. 

The consideration of the supplications from Virginia and North Carolina 
deferred. 

According to the Synod's appointment, Messrs. Cross and Alison have ap- 
plied to the Honourable Proprietors at home, for a charter in behalf of the 
widows' fund, by a petition, which is as follows: 

To the Honourable Thomas Penn, and Richard Penn, true and absolute 
proprietors of the province of Pennsylvania, and the counties of New Castle, 
Kent, and Sussex, upon Delaware. 

The petition of the Presbyterian Synod of Philadelphia, humbly sheweth: 

That your petitioners have, many of them, lived long in this province with 
great satisfaction, and have, all, endeavoured to promote religion, virtue, and 
industry, amongst the people under our care, and to impress deep on their 
minds a lasting sense of their blessings under the best of kings, and in a pro- 
vince distinguished for civil and religious liberty. 

As our lot is cast among people who are generally in low circumstances, 
and many of them forming new settlements in the frontier counties, and, as 
we have no other support but a small and very uncertain income from the 
good will of our people, joined with our own labour, we have always found 
it difficult to make any tolerable provision for our families; and have often, 
with sorrow and regret, seen the widows and children of great and good men, 
who were once of our number, very much pinched and distressed by want 
and poverty, without being able to afford them suitable relief. 

To remedy these evils, as far as we can in our circumstances, your honours' 
petitioners, in imitation of the laudable example of the Church of Scotland, 
have agreed to raise a small fund for the benefit of ministers' widows and 
helpless children, belonging to this Synod, by obliging ourselves to contribute 
a small sum out of our yearly incomes for this purpose. But there are bad 
economists in every society, and having begun our fund about a year ago, we 
find that those men among us are most backward to pay their quotas, whose 
families will stand in most need of relief when they are dead; and, as our 
agreement is voluntary, without the aid of a law to oblige us to perform our 
engagements, and, as we thought it our duty to lay our proceedings before 
your honours, we must humbly intreat you to take our circumstances under 
your consideration. You will merit the blessings of the widow and fatherless, 
and lay us under the strongest obligations of gratitude and affection, if you be 
pleased to make us a corporation by your charter, and enable us to sue and be 
sued, and to raise and hold a capital stock not exceeding one thousand pounds 
for twenty ministers, and so in proportion for a greater or smaller number, the 
interest of which shall be employed yearly, only to relieve the widows and 
children of the Presbyterian ministers belonging to the Synod of Philadelphia, 
or to assist ministers of our Synod in frontier settlements, or such as by age 
or infirmities are not able to get a subsistence. 

As the parliament of England granted the like favour to the ministers of the 
Church of Scotland, 1743. As this will, in all probability, confine our synodi- 



224 MINUTES OF THE 

cal meetings to this city and province, which some are industriously endea- 
vouring to remove to New Jersey ; as some of our number, as well as their 
people, who are in great distresses by the barbarity of restless and savage In- 
dians, will account it their great comfort and advantage to have such a provi- 
sion made for their families, and, as we design to be burdensome to no body, 
but to raise this fund out of our own narrow incomes, and as we can with 
great truth assure your honours, that none are more loyal and dutiful subjects 
to his majesty, nor more firmly attached to the proprietary family and inter- 
ests ; from all these considerations we greatly hope and depend that your 
honours will favour us with your countenance and protection, and will be so 
good as to give proper instructions to our governor to grant us a charter for 
the purposes already mentioned, and your petitioners as in duty bound shall 
pray. 

Signed by order of*the Synod of Philadelphia. 

Ordered, That the money already paid continue in the hands of our treasurer 
and clerk as formerly, until some answer to this, our petition, be received. 

The commissions of the Synod's of Philadelphia and New York, met at 
the place appointed, and reported to their Synods the result of the conference ; 
pursuant hereunto the Synod of New York sent us a copy of a minute, request- 
ing that commissions of both Synods meet on the Monday next preceding the 
meeting of both Synods, according to our agreement, to prepare matters for 
both Synods and their happy union. 

Ordered, That the commission of our Synod meet with the commission of 
the Synod of New York for this purpose, on the Monday immediately before 
the meeting of our Synod. 

A supplication from Cook's Creek and Pecked Mountain, requesting that 
we should receive Mr. Alexander Millar as a member, and that his instalment 
be appointed as their pastor in the Lord. 

The Synod unanimously agree to receive him as a member, and order, that 
Mr. Craig install him accordingly, at some convenient time before the first of 
next August. 

Adjourned to nine o'clock, A. M. Concluded with prayer. 

May 26th, nine o'clock, A. M. The Synod met according to adjournment, 

Ubi post preces, sederunt qui supra. 
Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 
Upon reading the absents from Donegall, it was observed that Messrs. 
Black and Craig have neglected attending on the Synod for some considerable 
time. Ordered, that Mr. McDowell write to these brethren, and signify that 
the Synod expects either that they will attend or write, and that in case of 
failure, the Synod will be obliged to disown them as members. Ordered like- 
wise, that he write to Mr. Craig, and inform him that Mr. Alexander Millar 
is received as a member, and that he install him some convenient time before 
the first of August next; and also, that he give him to understand that it is the 
judgment of the Synod, that he ought to be content with the bounds fixed by 
the committee appointed for that purpose. 
The arTair of the fund deferred. 

The several members who brought any thing for the fund, paid the trea- 
surer as follows : 

£ s d £ s d 

Mr. McKennan, 1 Mr. Smith, 10 

Mr. Tate, 1 2 M.Wilson, 15 

Mr. Boyd, 18 9 

The arTair of the Synod's and widows' fund deferred. 



SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 225 

The consideration of the supplications from Virginia and Carolina resumed. 

Ordered, That Mr. Millar supply the following settlements in order, in the 
fall, each one Sabbath day, viz: Cather's settlement, Osborn's, Morison's, 
Jorsey's on Atkin, Buffier's, Hawfield's, and Baker's settlements. And that 
Mr. Craig supply the same settlements, each one Sabbath day in the spring, 
together with Brown's North and South Mountain, and Calf-Pasture settle- 
ments in Virginia, each, at least, one Sabbath day before our next Synod, 
and that they preach to lesser congregations on week days as often as they 
can. 

Ordered, That a copy of this minute be sent to these people and to Mr. 
Craig, by Mr. Millar, and also by Mr. Tate. 

The Synod being informed, that the honourable trustees of the fund for the 
German emigrants, &c. in Pennsylvania, have generously received our peti- 
tion, requesting their favour and assistance to encourage learning, and to 
maintain a school or schools under the care of this Synod, and have trans- 
mitted it to the honourable trustees, for the same purpose, in London, and 
have recommended the Synod, and their pious and good designs, so effectu- 
ally to their regard, that they have been pleased to grant our request. Or- 
dered, that Messrs. Cross and Alison, wait on the honourable trustees at their 
next meeting, and, in the name of the Synod, gratefully acknowledge their 
favours ; and that they do whatever else may be necessary in said affair. And 
that, if Mr. Provost Smith come here, Mr. Cross thank him in the name of 
the Synod, for the particular regard he has shown, and care he has taken. 

The supplication from the Great Valley was taken under consideration. 
Ordered, that Mr. Alison supply the Great Valley in the month of September, 
and administer the sacrament; that Mr. Steel supply two Sabbaths before 
our next ; Mr. McKennan the third of July, and Mr. Guild the second of 
August and the second Sabbath of November, and Mr. Cowell the first of 
March. Ordered, that the Sabbath immediately before the Synod, Mr. Tate 
supply the Great Valley, and Mr. Smith, Norrington. 

Adjourned to four o'clock, P. M. 

Concluded with prayer. 

At four o'clock, P. M. The Synod met according to adjournment. Ubi 
post preces, sederunt qui supra. 

The Rev. Mr. William Smith, Provost of the College of Philadelphia, 
waited on the Synod ; when Mr. Cross, according to order, returned the thanks 
of the Synod to him for his particular care and pains taken, in transmitting our 
petition to the honourable trustees of the fund for the German emigrants in 
London; which Messrs. Cross and Alison had presented to the honourable 
trustees in this province, to be, for the approbation of the honourable trustees 
there, by them transmitted thither, and which is as follows: 

To the trustees general of the society schools for the instruction of poor 
Germans, &c. in Pennsylvania, and the adjacent British colonies, the petition 
of the Synod of Philadelphia humbly showeth, 

That we, your petitioners, opened a public school about twelve years ago, 
when learning was under great discouragements, and opportunities of educa- 
tion scarce in this and the neighbouring provinces, and gave instructions 
gratis for some years, to all ranks and denominations that pleased to accept of 
the same. 

That we have still continued to instruct cheap, and the poor for nothing, 
and have had the pleasure to see a number educated under our care, who have 
been of public service. As there is a fair prospect of making this province 
the seat of learning in this part of the world, we think it would contribute 



226 MINUTES OF THE 

much to the growth of the College in this city, to support and encourage 
schools in the country, to provide them with able masters, and to keep them 
under proper directions. 

And as you are engaged in an useful undertaking of this nature, your peti- 
tioners have made bold to plead for your countenance, and some assistance to 
enable us to continue our school. We have the juster reasons to hope for 
this favour, because our school has been as free to the Germans as any other 
nation, and two of the present reformed German ministers, born in this coun- 
try, were educated there ; and because your petitioners understand that our 
mother church of Scotland have greatly promoted the charity under your 
management. 

That we may share your bounty in a way agreeable to your generous plan, 
we propose to remove our school to Chesnut Level, where some poor Dutch 
scattered in that neighbourhood, may have their children taught gratis, to read 
and write English, if favoured with your assistance, and we will also teach a 
certain number of Germans the Latin and Greek languages, in order to pre- 
pare them for the ministry, if they apply for this advantage. And as the 
German inhabitants about the river Susquehannah and the lower parts of Con- 
estogo are wealthy, and may have lodgings cheap in a country place, we 
doubt not but they will be encouraged to send their sons to our, as well as any 
public school. 

As our request seems agreeable to the pious design of the donors, who 
support your good and useful institution ; and as it may be greatly serviceable 
to the interests of religion, virtue, and learning, in this province, your peti- 
tioners entertain great expectations from your generosity and goodness. And, 
indeed, our circumstances are so low, that we are no longer able to bear the 
necessary expenses, but must dismiss our school, unless we can procure some 
assistance. 

Your petitioners have ordered Messrs. Cross and Alison to wait on you 
with this petition and receive your instructions. If you find it is agreeable to 
your public design, we earnestly request, that you would be pleased at pre- 
sent, to grant us some assistance, and that you recommend us to the society 
in England for the time to come. And your petitioners as in duty bound 
shall pray. 

Signed, by order of the Synod, by 

William Donaldson, Synod clerk. 
June 2d, 1755. 

The Provost presented to the Synod the resolves of the trustees upon the 
Synod's address, which are as follows: 

June l±th, 1755. 

Met at Mr. Allen's house near Germantown, the following trustees, viz : 
Messrs. Allen, Peters, Franklin, and Smith. 

And, taking into their consideration, the aforesaid petition of the Synod of 
Philadelphia, were under some difficulty how to act concerning it. On the 
one hand they thought, that to grant the petition in favour of an English Sv- 
nod, might give offence to the Germans, who generally considered this charity 
as intended solely for their own particular benefit. The trustees were also of 
opinion that it did not fall directly under the great design for promoting the 
English tongue among the Germans. But they considered on the other hand, 
the pleas urged by the petitioners. They knew it to be a truth, that the Sy- 
nod of Philadelphia, at a time when ignorance, even anions: the ministry, was 
like to overrun the whole province, had begun, and with much difficulty, long 
supported a public school under the Rev. Mr. Francis Alison: and that many- 
able ministers, and some of them Dutch, had been educated in the said school. 



SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 227 

The trustees were also of opinion, that it was no small argument in favour of 
the petitioners, that the mother church of Scotland had contributed so largely 
to this useful charity, and that, if any future application to said church should 
be necessary, the interest and recommendation of the Synod of Philadelphia 
might be useful in that respect, as well as in countenancing the several schools 
in their present infant state, and educating, according to their proposal, some 
young men for the Dutch ministry, gratis. 

In consideration of all which, it was resolved to grant twenty-five pounds 
currency for one year to assist the said Synod to support their said public school 
on the following terms, viz : 

1. That it shall be under the same common government with the other free 
schools, and be subject to the visitations of the trustees general or their depu- 
ties, appointed upon the recommendation of the Synod. 

2. That the master shall teach four Dutch or English gratis, upon the re- 
commendation of the trustees general, to be prepared for the ministry, and ten 
poor Dutch children in the English tongue gratis, if so many offer. 

3. That the deputy trustees, together with the master, and any of the 
clergy, visit the school, at least once a quarter, and send down a statement 
thereof to be transmitted by the general trustees to the honourable society. 

Agreed that this case be transmitted to the honourable society, to obtain 
their directions thereupon. 

Ordered, That the terms of the trustees be complied with; and that Messrs. 
Boyd and McDowell, Moses Irwin, James Marshal, Martin Beam, and Jacob 
Graft, be recommended as deputy trustees for the ensuing year, and visit 
the school every quarter, the third Tuesday, commencing with the third 
Tuesday of August next, if the trustees general approve. 

Ordered, That Messrs. Millar and Smith draw up some reasons for a gene- 
ral fast within our bounds, against our next. 

'Tis agreed that the school be continued under Mr. Smith's care for another 
year, with the usual encouragement from the German schools. 

The affair of the fund deferred. 

The consideration of the fast deferred. 

Adjourned to nine o'clock, A. M. Concluded with prayer. 

May 27th. Nine o'clock, Jl. M. Ubi post preces, sederunt qui supra. 

The Synod met according to adjournment; 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

The members appointed to draw up reasons for a general fast within our 
bounds, brought them in, and they were read and amended as follows: 

The Synod taking under serious consideration the melancholy state of the 
British dominions, and their allies, the danger of the Protestant interest in 
general, and particularly of the English colonies of America, arising from the 
formidable combination of antichristian powers in Europe, and the shocking 
depredations and barbarities of the heathen on our borders, influenced and 
abetted by the perfidious, restless enemies of our civil and religious liberties; 
as also the abounding profanity and wickedness of all ranks and degrees of 
men; the awful contempt cast upon the glorious gospel of Christ, not only by 
the professed infidelity of its open adversaries, but likewise by the unbelief, 
hypocrisy, uncharitableness, and loose practices of its professed friends; and 
being deeply sensible of, and affected with, the ungrateful abuse and misim- 
provement of the many privileges we have long enjoyed; our peace, plenty, 
and liberty having been turned into wantonness, pride, and licentiousness; 
and being: firmly persuaded that for these things God is testifying his displea- 
sure against us, both at home and abroad, by a calamitous war, in which we 



228 MINUTES OF THE 

are involved, while an amazing insensibility generally prevails under the pre- 
sent gloomy appearances of Divine Providence, and a want of public spirit, 
and zeal for the common good; do, for these and the like reasons, recommend 
the twenty-third day of June next, to be observed by the people belonging to 
the Synod, as a day of public humiliation, fasting, and prayer, throughout 
their bounds, to bewail our aggravated and crying sins, to deprecate the de- 
served wrath of heaven, and to implore the divine mercy and forgiveness ; 
that the Spirit of Grace may be poured out upon us ; that, as a people, we 
may turn unto the Lord by a sincere repentance ; that God would preserve 
and bless our gracious king, direct his counsels, go forth with his fleets and 
armies, and also those of his allies, and crown them with success; that he 
would guard and defend our sea coasts and frontiers against all the designs of 
our enemies; that he would preserve to us our invaluable liberties, both civil 
and religious ; that he would yet bless us with fruitful seasons, mercifully 
heal all our divisions, and cause our present confusions happily to terminate 
in the glorious advancement of the peaceful kingdom of our Lord Jesus Christ. 
Accordingly it is ordered, that all our ministers represent these things to the 
people under our care, and excite them to these solemn exercises, and, for 
that end, suit their sermons and prayers, on that day, to the important occa- 
sion. 

Signed, by order of the Synod, by 

Adam Boyd, Moderator. 

Ordered, That the commission for the fund meet immediately at Mr. 
Cross's. 

Adjourned to the fourth Wednesday of May next. 

Concluded with prayer. 

The Synod met according to adjournment, 

M Philadelphia, May 24th, 1758. Ubi post preces sederunt, 

Of Philadelphia Presbytery : Messrs. Cross, Dr. Alison, Cowell, Guild, 
Kinkead. 

Of Donegall Presbytery: Messrs. Tate, Steel. 

Of New Castle Presbytery: Messrs. Boyd, McDowell, Hector Alison, 
Smith, Millar, McKennan. 

Elders: John Johnston, James Piper, James Kerr, Moses Irvin, James 
Edwards. 

Absent of New Castle Presbytery: Messrs. Gillespie and Wilson. 

" of Donegall: Messrs. Zanchy, Elder, Thomson, McMordie, Black, 
Craig, Alexander Miller. 

Dr. Alison opened the Synod with a sermon on Eph. iv. 1 — 8. 

Mr. Smith chosen moderator, Mr. Millar clerk. 

Ordered, That the minutes of last Synod be read. 

Ordered, That Messrs. Cross, Dr. Alison, Cowell, Steel, Tate, Boyd, 
McDowell, Hector Alison, McKennan, and the moderator, be the commis- 
sion of the Synod, and committee for the fund for the ensuing vear, and that 
three, with the moderator, be a quorum. 

Inquiry being made who had brought any thing for the fund, it was found 
that Messrs. Cross, Boyd, Smith, Hector Alison, "Miller, McKennan, Guild, 
Tate, had brought. 

Ordered, That the committee for the fund meet at Mr. Cross's house to- 
morrow morning at eight o'clock. 

Adjourned to three o'clock in the afternoon to-morrow. 

Concluded with prayer. 



SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 229 

May 25th, at three o'clock. Ubi post preces sederunt qui supra. 

The Synod met according to adjournment. 

Ordered, That the minutes of last sederunt be read. 

Ordered to proceed in reading the minutes of last year. 

The commission of this Synod report, that they met with the commission 
of the Synod of New York on Monday last, according to the appointment of 
last Synod ; and, that after mutual conference on the affair of uniting the two 
Synods, a plan of union was formed by the two commissions, which they 
agreed should be proposed to each Synod. 

Ordered, That the said plan be read. 

The plan was read, and considered for some time, and the further consid- 
eration of it deferred till to-morrow. 

Adjourned till nine o'clock to-morrow morning, and concluded with prayer. 

May 2Qth, at nine o'clock, Jl. M. Ubi post preces, sederunt qui supra. 

The Synod met according to adjournment. 

Ordered, That the minutes of last sederunt be read. 

The plan of union was further considered. 

A letter was ordered to be wrote to the Rev. Dr. William Leechman, Pro- 
fessor of Divinity in the University of Glasgow, which was done, and is as 
follows: 

Philadelphia, May 29th, 1758. 

Very Reverend Sir, — Though we have not the honour of personal ac- 
quaintance with you, yet your distinguished character and praises in the 
churches of Christ, and eminent station in the University of Glasgow, are 
well known to us, and to the churches in these American colonies, and we 
would much esteem a correspondence with you, if your more important affairs 
might allow it. We presume to give you this trouble now, requesting you to 
accept for yourself, and to present to the learned Professors of the University 
our grateful acknowledgments for the late mark of your regard to the Rev. 
Mr. Francis Alison, a member of this Synod, in conferring a degree of Doctor 
of Divinity on him. He is a gentleman of good character, a public spirit, and 
well esteemed as a preacher. He has been very industrious and successful 
in promoting learning in this part of the world, both before and since he was 
called to a public station in the college and academy in this city ; and we hope 
he will ever behave so as to deserve your regard. Such honours conferred 
on men of confessed worth here, may much encourage learning and public 
usefulness, and may be of service to our church, as we have another denomi- 
nation among us, whose ministers are frequently honoured with such titles. 
We shall ever think it an honour to our Synod to enjoy the favour of that 
university, and particularly of Dr. Leechman. 

We are, Reverend Sir, your very obliged humble servants. 
Signed by order of the Synod of Philadelphia, by 

Sampson Smith, Moderator. 

Upon reading the answer given by the trustees of the German schools in 
this province, Mr. Cross informed that the honourable trustees general, in 
England, had complied with the Synod's petition, as appears by an extract of 
a letter from them to the Rev. Mr. William Smith, one of the trustees here, 
which was laid before the Synod, and was as follows: 

Extract of Dr. Chandler's' letter to the Rev. Mr. Smith, received by Mr. 
Smith September 14th, 1757. 

" Nov. 27th, last, upon the petition of the Synod of Pennsylvania, and the 
recommendation of our trustees, we have agreed to allow thirty pounds ster- 
ling per annum, toward the support of the school mentioned to be erected by 
20 



230 MINUTES OF THE 

them, from midsummer before that date. And I have purchased and packec 
up, among other books, a large number of English Primers and Spelling 
Books for their use, and that of the German children, which I hope will soor 
be sent over to you; as soon, at least, as I can get a safe conveyance." 

Ordered, That Messrs. Cross, Dr. Alison, McDowell, and the moderator 
be a committee to settle with Provost Smith, the accounts of the annual dona- 
tion of the honourable trustees to the Synod. 

Agreed that the school be continued under Mr. Smith's care for anothe] 
year, with the usual encouragement from the fund for the German schools. 

Adjourned to three o'clock, and concluded with prayer. 



At three o'clock, P. M. The Synod met, et post preces, sederunt qu 
supra. 

Agreed by the Synod, at Mr. Cross's request, that the box belonging tc 
the Synod's fund, and all pertaining thereto, be put into Dr. Alison's hand ir 
trust. 

The consideration of the plan of union was resumed, and some alteration: 
proposed. And the Synod being informed that a committee had been ap- 
pointed by the two commissions to prepare the first draught of this plan, tc 
wit, Messrs. Hector Alison, Miller, Smith, and McDowell, of our members, 
with Messrs. Bostwick, Davis, Samuel Finly, and Blair, of the other com- 
mission: Ordered, That Mr. McDowell go and inform the Synod of New 
York, now sitting, that this Synod has considered the plan for union, and de- 
sires, when they have likewise done so, the same committee may meet, and 
communicate to each other the corrections proposed in each Synod. 

Mr. McDowell presently returned, and reports that the Synod of New York 
agreed to the motion. 

Ordered, That the committee meet accordingly to-morrow. 

Adjourned till nine o'clock on Monday morning, and concluded with 
prayer. 

May 29th, at nine o'clock on Monday morning the Synod met, et post 
preces, sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of last session be read. 

Our members of the committee appointed to meet with those of New York 
Synod, report that they met on Saturday last, and communicated the amend- 
ments proposed by each Synod in the plan of union, and conferred upon 
them. 

Ordered, That these members lay the amendments proposed by the Synod 
of New York before this Synod, which they did. 

The Synod considered them, and agreed they should be allowed. 

Ordered, That the same members of the above mentioned committee in- 
form the Synod of New York of this agreement. 

The members went and informed them accord inglv, and soon returned, 
and acquainted this Synod that the Synod of New York had also agreed to 
admit the amendments proposed in this Synod, and therefore thought the 
affair was now ripe for the two Synods to meet together and complete the 
agreement. 

The plan as now prepared was finally put to the vote, and was unanimous- 
ly approved as a satisfactory plan for uniting upon. 

Agreed that this Synod meet with the Synod of New York at three o'clock, 
P. M. and that this be notified to them. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M., and concluded with prayer. 



SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 231 

N. B. At three o'clock, P. M. the two Synods met. 

The plan of union was now read before them, and unanimously agreed to. 

The Synods being now united, a new book was opened, and the whole 
plan and articles of union entered, as may be seen in that book, where the 
minutes of the new united Synod are recorded. 



The party which withdrew from the Synod of Philadelphia, the reasons and 
manner of whose secession are stated in the foregoing records, subsequently 
formed themselves into a Synod, under the style of the Synod of New York, 
embracing the Presbyteries of New York, New Brunswick, and New Castle. 
Their first meeting was held in the year 1745, and their last in 1758, at 
which time a re-union of the two parties was effected as above recited. The 
minutes of this body form the next link in the documentary history of the 
Presbyterian Church in the United States. 



232 



PART THIRD. 

MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF NEW YORK, 
from a. d. 1745 to 1758. 



Elizabethtown, New Jersey, September 19th, 1745. 

The ministers and elders whose names are presently to be inserted, con- 
vened and formed themselves into a Synod, nnder the name or title of the 
Synod of New York. 

Ministers of the Presbytery of New T Y r ork: Messrs. Jonathan Dickinson, 
John Pierson, Ebenezer Pemberton, Simon Horton, Aaron Burr, Azariah 
Horton, Timothy Jones, Eliab Byram, Robert Sturgeon. 

Ministers of New Brunswick Presbytery: Messrs. Gilbert Tennent, Joseph 
Lamb, William Tennent, Richard Treat, James McCrea, William Robinson. 
David Youngs, Charles Beatty, Charles McKnight. 

Ministers of New Castle Presbytery: Messrs. Samuel Blair, Samuel Fin- 
ly, Charles Tennent, John Blair. 

Elders: Joseph Woodruffe, Nathaniel Hazard, Joseph Prudden, Benjamin 
Leonard, John Ayres, Samuel Hazard, Robert Cummins, John Craig, Richard 
Walker, Peter Peryen, John Love, Alexander Moody. 

The ministers and elders before mentioned, first considered and agreed 
upon the following articles, as the plan and foundation of their synodical 
union. 

1. They agree that the Westminster Confession of Faith, with the Larger 
and Shorter Catechisms, be the public confession of their faith in such man- 
ner as was agreed unto by the Synod of Philadelphia, in the year 1729; and 
to be inserted in the latter end of this book. And they declare their approba- 
tion of the Directory of the Assembly of Divines at Westminster, as the gene- 
ral plan of worship and discipline. 

2. They agree that in matters of discipline, and those things that relate to 
the peace and good order of our churches, they shall be determined according 
to the major vote of ministers and elders, with which vote every member 
shall actively concur or pacifically acquiesce : but if any member cannot in 
conscience agree to the determination of the majority, but supposes himself 
obliged to act contrary thereunto, and the Synod think themselves obliged to 
insist upon it as essentially necessary to the well-bein^ of our churches, in 
that case such dissenting member promises peaceably to withdraw from the 
body, without endeavouring to raise any dispute or contention upon the de- 
bated point, or any unjust alienation of affection from them. 

3. If any member of their body supposes that he hath any thins: to object 
against any of his brethren with respect to error in doctrine, immorality in 
life, or negligence in his ministry, he shall not on any account, propagate the 
scandal, until the person objected against is dealt with according to the rules 
of the gospel, and the known methods of their discipline. 



SYNOD OF NEW YORK. 233 

4. They agree, that all who have a competent degree of ministerial know- 
ledge, are orthodox in their doctrine, regular in their lives, and diligent in their 
endeavours to promote the important designs of vital Godliness, and that will 
submit to their discipline, shall be cheerfully admitted into their communion. 

And they do also agree, that in order to avoid all divisive methods among 
their ministers and congregations, and to strengthen the discipline of Christ in 
the churches in these parts, they will maintain a correspondence with the 
Synod of Philadelphia in this their first meeting, by appointing two of their 
members to meet with the said Synod of Philadelphia at their next convention, 
and to concert with them such measures as may best promote the precious 
interests of Christ's kingdom in these parts. 

And that they may in no respect encourage any factious separating practices 
or principles; they agree that they will not intermeddle with judicially hear- 
ing the complaints, or with supplying with ministers and candidates such 
parties of men, as shall separate from any Presbyterian or Congregational 
churches, that are not within their bounds, unless the matters of controversy 
be submitted to their jurisdiction or advice by both parties. Thereupon, 

The Synod opened by prayer. 

Mr. Jonathan Dickinson chosen moderator, Mr. Ebenezer Pemberton chosen 
clerk. 

Adjourned till to-morrow morning at nine of the clock. 

Concluded with prayer. 

20th day, at nine of the clock, ante meridiem. Post preces, sederunt qui 
supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

Ordered, That the moderator and Mr. Pierson do correspond with the Sy- 
nod of Philadelphia at their next session. 

Ordered, That Messrs. Gilbert Tennent, Samuel Blair, and Ebenezer Pem- 
berton, do draw up a testimony to the work of God's glorious grace, which 
has been carried on in these parts of the land, and bring it in for the approba- 
tion of the Synod at their next sederunt. 

The circumstances of Virginia being brought under consideration, and the 
wide door that is opened for the preaching of the gospel in these parts, with a 
hopeful prospect of success, the Synod are unanimously of the opinion, that 
Mr. Robinson is the most suitable person to be sent among them, and accord- 
ingly they do earnestly recommend it to him to go down and help them as 
soon as his circumstances will permit him, and reside there for some months. 

An interloquitur of the ministers of the Synod, appointed to meet at half an 
hour past two, post meridiem. 

The Synod adjourned till four of the clock, P. M. 

Concluded with prayer. 

Four of the clock, P. M. Post preces, sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

The interloquitur met according to appointment. 

Messrs. Tennent, Pemberton, and Blair, brought in a testimony to the work 
of God's grace among us, according to appointment, which was unanimously 
approved. But the original being lost it cannot be inserted here. 

Adjourned till to-morrow morning, at nine of the clock. 

Concluded with prayer. 

21*; day, at nine of the clock, A. M. Post preces, sederunt qui supra. 
Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 
Messrs. Pierson, Gilbert Tennent, William Tennent, Burr, Samuel Blair, 
20* 



234 MINUTES OF THE 

Finly, Pemberton, and the moderator, are appointed to be a commission oj 
the Synod for the ensuing year. 

The Synod adjourned to the second Wednesday of October, 1746, and trier 
to meet at New York. Concluded with prayer. 

The Synod convened according to appointment, 

New York, October 9th, 1746. Ubi post preces sederunt, 

Ministers: Messrs. Jonathan Dickinson, Samuel Blair, Samuel Finly 
Aaron Burr, Azariah Horton, Charles Beatty, Charles McKnight, John Roan 
Ebenezer Pemberton. 

Elders : Messrs. Richard Walker, William Eagles. 

Ministers absent: Messrs. Joseph Lamb, Gilbert Tennent, William Ten 
nent, Richard Treat, James McCrea, David Youngs, Charles Tennenl, Johi 
Blair, David Bostwick, Thomas Arthur, John Grant, Andrew Hunter, Johi 
Pierson, Eliab Byram, Simon Horton, Timothy Jones, David Brainerd, Ro 
bert Sturgeon, Eleazer Wales, and William Dean. 

The Synod was opened by a sermon from Psal. xxiv. 4, preached by Mr 
Dickinson, the last year's moderator. 

Mr. Pemberton chosen moderator, Mr. Finly clerk. 

The Synod is informed that most of the absent members were upon thei; 
journey to New York to attend the Synod, but were prevented through ap 
prehensions of the small pox and other difficulties. 

Our Reverend brother, Mr. William Robinson, is departed this life sinc< 
our last meeting. 

Ordered, That the minutes of our last session be read. 

The small pox prevailing in Philadelphia in May last, prevented Messrs 
Dickinson and Pierson from corresponding with the Synod of Philadelphia a 
their last meeting, but they wrote to them and received an answer. 

The same members appointed to be a commission of the Synod this vear 
who were the last. 

A supplication and call for a minister from Hanover in Virginia, was brough 
into the Synod and read; the Synod doth earnestly recommend the assistmi 
of said people, to the Presbyteries of New Brunswick and New Castle. 

The Synod considering the present fewness of ruling elders attending thi 
Synod, doth recommend it to all their members to endeavour to bring elder 
with them. 

Adjourned to the third Wednesday of May next, and then to meet at Mai 
denhead. Concluded with prayer. 

The Synod met according to appointment. 

Maidenhead, May the 20th, 1747. Ubi post preces sederunt, 

Ministers: Messrs. Jonathan Dickinson, John Pierson, Ebenezer Pember 
ton, Simon Horton, Azariah Horton, David Bostwick, John Grant, Timotlr 
Jones, Eliab Byram, Thomas Arthur, Jacob Green, Nathaniel Tucker, Josepj 
J,amb, Gilbert Tennent, Richard Treat, James McCrea, James Campbel 
James Davenport, Charles McKnight, Charles Beattv. Andrew Hunter 
Daniel Lawrence, Samuel Sacket, Samuel Blair, John Blair, William Dean 
John Roan, and Samuel Finley. 

Elders : Messrs. Joseph Prudden, Ebenezer Byram, John Lvle. John Ayres 
Thomas Bourn, David Parry, Ephraim Lockert, Robert Smith, Robert Ensr 
lish, John Grey, Francis Brewster, Daniel Mills, John Smith, Samuel Stur 
geon, and Hugh Kirkpatrick. 

Ministers absent: Aaron Burr, David Youngs, Timothy Syms. Rober 



SYNOD OF NEW YORK. 235 

Sturgeon, David Brainerd, William Tennent, Eleazer Wales, Charles Ten- 
nent, Hutchinson, and Davis. 

Mr. Pemberton, the last year's moderator, opened the Synod by a sermon 
on Acts iv. 29. 

Mr. Gilbert Tennent chosen moderator, Mr. Treat clerk. 

Messrs. Dickinson, Pemberton, Pierson, Burr, Lamb, William Tennent, 
Samuel Blair, Finly, Charles Tennent, and the moderator, are appointed to 
be the commission of the Synod for the year ensuing. 

A letter was brought into the Synod from the new settlements in Virginia, 
requesting a minister might be sent to preach the gospel, &c. unto them. 
The Synod appoints Mr. Byram to go to said people some time in next Sep- 
tember, and spend some time with them, and appoints the Presbytery of New 
York to supply his people with preaching during his absence. And the Synod 
doth, moreover, appoint Messrs. Dickinson and Pemberton to write to Mr. 
Bevvel, in order to procure him to accompany Mr. Byram in said journey. 

Adjourned to the third Wednesday of May next, to meet at Maidenhead 
at two of the clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

The Synod met according to appointment. 

Maidenhead, May the I8//1, 1748. Ubi post preces sederunt, 

Ministers: Messrs. Azanali Horton, Jacob Green, Timothy Syms, Joseph 
Lamb, James McCrea, John Brainerd, Charles McKnight, James Davenport, 
Eliab Byram, Gilbert Tennent, Andrew Hunter, Richard Treat, Charles 
Beatty, James Campbel, Daniel Lawrence, John Blair, John Roan. 

Elders: Messrs.. Ephraim Price, Brice Rickey, John Craig, Samuel 
Hazard, Isaac Mills, Cornelius Wynkoop, John Grey, Robert Smith, David 
Wilson. 

Ministers absent: Messrs. Robert Sturgeon, John Pierson, Ebenezer Pem- 
berton, Simon Horton, Aaron Burr, David Bostwick, John Grant, Thomas 
Arthur, David Youngs, Timothy Jones, Samuel Sacket, William Tennent, 
Eleazer Wales, Job Prudden, Thomas Lewis, Samuel Blair, Samuel Finly, 
William Dean, Samuel Davis, Andrew Sterling, Andrew Bay, and Charles 
Tennent. 

Mr. Lamb chosen moderator, Mr. John Blair clerk. 

Mr. Gilbert Tennent, the last year's moderator, opened the Synod by a 
sermon from Rom. xi. 36. 

The Rev. Messrs. Jonathan Dickinson, David Brainerd, and Nathaniel 
Tucker, have been removed by death since our last meeting. 

The last year's minutes not being present, the Synod is necessitated to pro- 
ceed as well as they can without them. 

Mr. Byram fulfilled his appointment in going to Virginia, but Mr. Bewel 
could not be obtained to accompany him. 

The Presbytery of Suffolk county, on Long-Island, having, by their dele- 
gate Mr. Ebenezer Prime, desired to be admitted as members of this Synod 
with the proviso, that one or two of their members in all time to come, be 
allowed the privilege of representing them in the Synod, and acting for them 
as delegates; and likewise, that some members of New York Presbytery, 
might join them in their Presbyterial judicatories. In answer to which, the 
Synod does signify that they are willing to make all reasonable allowances for 
the absence of their members, who live far distant from the place of their con- 
vention, and when the Synod shall, on the account of their growing number 
and distant abode, conclude to form any of its sessions of delegates, they will 
readily admit that Reverend Presbytery to the common privilege of their body ; 
before which, we judge it would be unprecedented and unequal, and of bad 
tendency. 



236 



MINUTES OF THE 



If the Reverend Presbytery aforesaid, is pleased to join with us on the 
aforesaid terras, then we declare our willingness to receive them, and that such 
of the Presbytery of New York who live on Long Island, as are inclined to it, 
may join with them as members. 

A call was brought into the Synod, to be presented to the Rev. Mr. Dean, 
from the congregations of Timber Ridge and forks of James's River; the Sy- 
nod refer the consideration thereof to the Presbytery of New Castle, to which 
Mr. Dean doth belong, and do recommend it to said Presbytery to meet at 
Mr. Dean's meeting-house on Wednesday next upon said affair, and that Mr. 
Dean and his people be speedily apprized of it. 

A call was brought into the Synod from Falling Spring and New Provi- 
dence, to be presented to Mr. Byram, the acceptance of which he declined. 

A supplication for supplies, and in particular for the opportunity of a pro- 
bationer from Cedar Creek and Opeken, was brought into the Synod. And 
also, a supplication for relief from a person who had suffered loss by fire ; the 
consideration of both which is deferred until the next sederunt. 

Adjourned to ten of the clock, to-morrow morning. 

Concluded with prayer. 

19th day, at ten of the clock, A. M. Post preces, sederunt qui supra, 

Together with Mr. C hales Tennent. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

Application was made to the Synod in behalf of the lower counties in and 
adjacent to Maryland, for supplies. 

Motion was made to the Synod in behalf of Cape May, in order to have 
some provision made for the settlement of a minister there. 

A supplication was brought in from Augusta county in Virginia. 

With respect to the supplication for a charitable contribution, the Synod 
judges that it is an affair belonging to the civil magistrate, but does not belong 
to them to transact any thing Synodically about it. 

The Synod proceeded to consider the motion respecting Cape May, and in 
order to the relief of that people, the Synod doth recommend to the Presby- 
tery of New Brunswick, to send down Mr. Lawrence immediately for a few 
Sabbaths, and also recommends to the Presbytery of New Castle, to take Mr. 
Hugh Henry speedily under trials, and in case of his licensure by said Pres- 
bytery, the Synod appoint said Presbytery, to send him directly down to said 
people, to supply there some time upon trial for settlement, if Divine Provi- 
dence clear the way. 

In answer to the supplication from the people in Augusta county, the Synod 
appoints Mr. Cummins to go there in the fall for some time, and they appoint 
Mr. Hunter to go into the lower counties, &c. the first of September, and 
preach there four Sabbaths. 

Adjourned to the third Wednesday of May next, to meet at Maidenhead at 
eleven of the clock, A. M. Concluded with prayer. 

The Synod met at Maidenhead according to appointment, 

May the llth, 1749. Ubi post preces sederunt, 

Ministers: Messrs. John Pierson, Ebenezer Pemberton, Aaron Burr, 
James Davenport, David Youngs, Thomas Arthur, John Brainerd, Gilbert 
Tennent, Richard Treat, James Campbell, Charles Beatty, Samuel Sacket, 
Timothy Allen, James McCrea, Thomas Lewis, Andrew Hunter, Daniel 
Lawrence, John Roan, Samuel Davis, Andrew Bay, John Rogers, Samuel 
Finly. 

Elders: Messrs. John Lyle, Samuel Hazard, Hugh Marten, Thomas Lo- 
gan, Daniel Grant, Hugh Kirkpatrick. 



SYNOD OF NEW YORK. 237 

Ministers absent: Messrs. Simon Horton, Azariah Horton, David Bost- 
wick, Timothy Jones, Eliab Byram, Timothy Syms, John Grant, Jacob 
Green, Aaron Richards, Caleb Smith, Silas Leonard, Joseph Lamb, William 
Tennent, Eleazer Wales, Charles McKnight, Job Prudden, Robert Sturgeon, 
Samuel and John Blair, Charles Tennent, Andrew Sterling. 

Mr. Lamb, the last year's moderator, being absent, Mr. Gilbert Tennent 
opened the Synod by a sermon on 2 Cor. v. 11. 

Mr. Pierson chosen moderator, Mr. Finly clerk. 

Mr. Elihu Spencer is admitted to sit in the Synod as correspondent. 

Ordered That the minutes of the last Synod be read. 

The members absent the last year, and now present, gave their reasons for 
their absence, which were sustained. 

The Rev. Mr. Dean has been removed by death since our last meeting. 

The Presbytery of Suffolk, by their delegate Mr. James Brown, signified 
to the Synod their acceptance of the terms proposed to them the last session, 
and said Presbytery are accordingly admitted into our Synod, in consequence 
whereof Mr. Ebenezer Prime and Mr. James Brown, members of said Pres- 
bytery being present, are now admitted to sit in the Synod as members. 

And the Synod recommends to those members of New York who dwell 
upon Long Island, to join the Presbytery of Suffolk as members thereof. 

Mr. Cummins fulfilled the appointment of our last in going to Virginia. 

Mr. Hunter was prevented of fulfilling his appointments by reason of sick- 
ness. 

Motion was made by some members for making proposals for an union 
with the Synod of Philadelphia, the further consideration of which is deferred 
till the next sederunt. 

Adjourned to seven of the clock, to-morrow morning. 

Concluded with prayer. 

18th day, at seven of the clock, A. M. Post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

The motion for making proposals of union to the Synod of Philadelphia, 
reassumed, and after much reasoning upon it, it was carried by a great majo- 
rity of votes, that proposals for an union be made to the Synod of Philadel- 
phia in the following words, viz : 

The Synod of New York are deeply sensible of the many unhappy conse- 
quences that flow from our present divided state, and have with pleasure ob- 
served a spirit of moderation increasing between many of the members of both 
Synods; this opens a door of hope, that if we were united in one body, we 
might be able to carry on the designs of religion in future peace and agree- 
ment to our mutual satisfaction ; and though we retain the same sentiments of 
the work of God which we formerly did, yet we esteem mutual forbearance 
our duty, since we all profess the same Confession of Faith and Directory of 
Worship. We would, therefore, humbly propose to our brethren of the Synod 
of Philadelphia, that all our former differences be buried in perpetual oblivion, 
and that for the time to come, both Synods be united into one, and that hence- 
forth there be no contentions among us; but to carry towards each other in the 
most peaceable and brotherly manner, which we are persuaded will be for the 
honour of our Master, the credit of our profession, and the edification of the 
churches committed to our care. Accordingly we appoint the Rev. Messrs. 
John Pierson, Gilbert Tennent, Ebenezer Pemberton, and Aaron Burr, to be 
our delegates to wait upon the Synod of Philadelphia with these proposals. 
And if the Synod of Philadelphia see meet to join with us in this design, and 
will please to appoint a commission to meet for that purpose, we appoint the 
Rev. Messrs. John Pierson, Ebenezer Pemberton, Aaron Burr, Gilbert and 



238 MINUTES OF THE 

William Tennent, Richard Treat, Samuel or John Blair, John Roan, Samuel 
Finly, Ebenezer Prime, David Bostwick, and James Brown, (whom we ap- 
point a commission of the Synod for the ensuing year,) to meet with the com- 
mission of the Synod of Philadelphia, at such time and place as they shall 
choose, to determine the affair of the union, agreeable to the preliminary arti- 
cles concluded upon by this Synod; and it is agreed that any other of our 
members who shall please to meet with the commission, shall have liberty of 
voting and acting in said affair equally with the members of said commission. 
Which articles proposed as a general plan of union are as follows, viz : 

1. To preserve the common peace, we would propose that all names of 
distinction which have been made use of in the late times, be for ever abo- 
lished. 

2. That every member assent unto and adopt the Confession of Faith and 
Directory, according to the plan formerly agreed to by the Synod of Phila- 
delphia in the years . 

3. That every member promise, that after any question has been deter- 
mined by the major vote, he will actively concur or passively submit to the 
judgment of the body; but if his conscience permit him to do neither of these, 
that then he shall be obliged peaceably to withdraw from our Synodical com- 
munion, without any attempt to make a schism or division among us. Yet 
this is not intended to extend to any cases but those which the Synod judges 
essential in matters of doctrine or discipline. 

4. That all our respective congregations and vacancies be acknowledged as 
congregations belonging to the Synod, but continue under the care of the same 
Presbytery as now they are, until a favourable opportunity presents for an 
advantageous alteration. 

5. That we all agree to esteem and treat it as a censurable evil, to accuse 
any of our members of error in doctrine or immorality in conversation, any 
otherwise than by private reproof, till the accusation has been brought before 
a regular judicature and issued according to the known rules of our discipline. 

Upon a representation of the desolate circumstances of Virginia and Mary- 
land, the Synod appoint the Rev. Messrs. Prime, Davenport, Youngs, and 
Spencer, to write to the Eastern Association of Fairfield county, in Connec- 
ticut, requesting them, if possible, to send some minister or ministers, to sup- 
ply some time in those southern provinces. Also, Mr. Davenport is appointed, 
if he recovers a good state of health, to go and supply in Virginia. 

Adjourned to the third Wednesday of May next, to meet at Maidenhead, 
unless a different time and place be appointed by the commission. 

Concluded with prayer. 

The Synod met according to appointment. 

Maidenhead, May 16th, 1750. Ubi post preces sedenmt. 

Ministers: Messrs. John Pierson, Ebenezer Pemberton, Aaron Burr, Eliab 
Byram, David Bostwick, Jacob Green, Caleb Smith, Thomas Arthur, Aaron 
Richards, James Davenport, Richard Treat, William Tennent, Charles 
McKnight, James McCrea, Timothy Allen, Thomas Lewis, Andrew Hunter, 
Daniel Lawrence, Israel Read, Samuel Sacket, Samuel Blair, John Blair, John 
Roan, Samuel Davis, Andrew Bay, John Rogers, Azariah Horton. 

Elders: Messrs. Peter Beach, Cornelius Wynkoop, Robert Cummins, 
Richard Walker, William Lynn, Moses Hallam, j'oseph Peck, William Boyd, 
Samuel Morris, William Murphey. 

Ministers absent: Messrs. Simon Horton, Timothy Jones, Enos Ayres, 
Timothy Syms, John Brainerd, John Grant, Elihu Spencer, Robert Sturgeon. 
Gilbert Tennent, Samuel Finly, Charles Tennent, Andrew Sterling, James 
Campbell, and all of the Presbytery of Suffolk except Azariah Horton. 



SYNOD OF NEW YORK. 239 

Mr. Pierson, the last year's moderator, opened the Synod by a sermon 
from Colos. i. 18. 

Mr. William Tennent chosen moderator, Mr. Arthur clerk. 

The reasons sent in excuse for the present absence of Messrs. Charles Ten- 
nent, Samuel Finly, and Simon Horton, are sustained. 

The Rev. Mr. Lamb is removed by death since our last session. 

The minutes of our last session could not be obtained at present, and there- 
fore the Synod was necessitated to proceed without them. 

Ordered, That any member of the Synod who may have them, or any 
other of the minutes of this Synod since its first erection, in their keeping, 
take care to produce them at the next session. 

The committee appointed by the last Synod to wait upon the Synod of 
Philadelphia, with a preliminary plan for an union, make report that they 
complied with said appointment, and in consequence thereof a commission of 
both Synods agreed to meet at Trenton, the first Wednesday of October, 
1749, and met accordingly. 

Ordered, That the minutes of that meeting be laid before the Synod, which 
being done, the Synod ordered them to be inserted in their minutes, and they 
are as follows, viz. 

" Trenton, October 4th, 1749. 

" Met according to an agreement between the commissioners of the Synod 
of New York and the Synod of Philadelphia, the commission of both Synods 
to treat upon an overture of union between the said Synods, offered to the 
Synod of Philadelphia by the Synod of New York. 

" Present of the Synod of Philadelphia: Messrs. Cross, Alison, Cathcart, 
Boyd, McHenry, Co well, Griffith, and Thorn. 

"Of the Synod of New York: Messrs. Pierson, Pemberton, Gilbert and 
William Tennent, Treat, Samuel and John Blair, Lewis, Finly, Roan, and 
Arthur. 

" N. B. In the appointment of the commission of the Synod of New York, 
liberty was expressly granted to any of their members, though not in com- 
mission, to attend and have equal liberty of voting with the commissioners if 
they were inclined so to do. 

" Post preces sederunt qui supra, with divers members of the Synod of 
New York. 

" Mr. David Cowell was chosen moderator, Mr. Thomas Arthur clerk. 

" Several members of the Synod of New York, that had not been present 
at forming the general plan for an union, moved that before the commissioners 
entered upon the affair of the union, they might have a private conference 
with the members of their own Synod, that they might be fully acquainted 
with each other's sentiments relating to the union, and also further inform 
themselves as to the general concessions made in the aforesaid plan, or pre- 
liminary articles, or by their committee; which motion was granted. 

"Adjourned to eight of the clock to-morrow morning. Concluded with 
prayer. 

" Thursday, 5th day, met according to adjournment. Post preces sede- 
runt qui supra. 

" The commissioners of the Synod of New York considering the protest 
of the Synod of Philadelphia, whereby they excluded from their communion 
the Presbytery of New Brunswick and their adherents, as one principal bar 
to an union, waiving all other matters, immediately insisted that said protest 
should, by some authentic and formal act of the Synod of Philadelphia, be 
made null and void. The debates on this head arose very high, and there 
appearing no prospect of accommodating matters, the commissioners of both 



240 MINUTES OF THE 

Synods came unanimously into this conclusion, viz. That whereas certain 
difficulties arose in the conversation of the commissioners of both Synods, 
they came finally and unanimously into this agreement, that both Synods at 
their next sessions do more fully prepare proposals for an accommodation, 
and interchange said proposals, and that in the mean time, there be a mutual 
endeavour to cultivate a spirit of candour and friendship. At the same time 
these three principal things were especially recommended to the consideration 
of their respective Synods. 1. The protest. 2. That paragraph about essen- 
tials. 3. Of Presbyteries. 
" Concluded with prayer." 

The affair of the union was taken under consideration, according to the 
conclusion of the commissioners of both Synods as aforesaid. But the Synod 
is sorry to find that it is not in their power to proceed to make further propo- 
sals at this session, for want of the last year's minutes, and a copy of the 
former plan of preliminary articles, occasioned by the absence of their former 
clerk. But still they profess their design to enter upon the affair at their 
next sessions, and in the mean time to maintain a spirit of candour and 
friendship. 

Ordered, That a copy of this minute be sent to the Rev. Mr. Gilbert Ten- 
nent, who is hereby appointed to deliver it into the Synod of Philadelphia, at 
the beginning of their next sessions. 

Upon application made by Mr. Davis in behalf of the people in the southern 
colonies, the Synod do recommend to the Presbytery of New Brunswick to 
endeavour to prevail with Mr. John Todd, upon his being licensed, to take a 
journey thither; and also to the Presbytery of New York, to urge the same 
upon Messrs. Syms and Greenman. 

Mr. Davenport is appointed to go into Virginia to assist in supplying the 
numerous vacant and destitute congregations there. The same is also recom- 
mended to the Rev. Mr. Byram. 

Adjourned to eight o'clock to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 

\lth day, at eight of the clock, A. M. Post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

An affair of the congregation of Tehicken was brought into the Synod by a 
reference from the Presbytery of New Brunswick, which the Synod proceed- 
ed to consider, and ordered the parties concerned to lay the case before them 
in order to be determined, which was accordingly done; and after much was 
said, many papers read, and all persons had offered what thev thought proper 
with respect to the matter in controversy, the Synod came into the following 
conclusion, viz. That whereas the congregation of Tehicken is sadly divided 
about the fairness and obligation of a lot made use of by them for the deter- 
mining the place for their meeting-house, the Synod, after a full hearing the 
case, came unanimously into this judgment, viz. that though thev do by all 
means discountenance the method of ending such matters of controversy by 
lottery, yet as to the lot under debate, the Synod is of the opinion, that it was 
fairly cast, and consequently binding upon the parties concerned, as also other 
former agreements said people have solemnly obliged themselves to: and the 
Synod doth judge, that they have acted very sinfully who have broken through 
these repeated solemn obligations, and that a solemn admonition be given unto 
them by Mr. Pemberton in the name of the Synod; which was accordingly 
done. 

The last year's commission continued for the ensuing vear. 

Adjourned to the fourth Thursday in September next, to meet at Newark. 

Concluded with prayer. 



SYNOD OF NEW YORK. 241 

The Synod met according to adjournment. 

Newark, September 27th, 1750. Ubi post preces sederunt, 

Ministers: Messrs. Ebenezer Prime, Azariah Horton, James Brown, David 
Youngs, Ebenezer Pemberton, John Pierson, Aaron Burr, Timothy Jones, 
Jacob Green, John Grant, Caleb Smith, Aaron Richards, Timothy Syms, 
Daniel Thane, Thomas Arthur, Enos Ayres, Elihu Spencer, "William Ten- 
nent, Richard Treat, Charles Beatty, Thomas Lewis, Daniel Lawrence, 
Timothy Allen, Israel Read, Samuel Finly, Simon Horton. 

Elders : John Smith, David Ray, John Lyle. 

Ministers absent: Messrs. Silvanus White, Samuel Bewel, James McCrea, 
Gilbert Tennent, Job Prudden, Samuel Sacket, Andrew Hunter, James Da- 
venport, Samuel Blair, John Blair, John Roan, Charles Tennent, Andrew 
Bay, Samuel Davis, John Rogers, James Campbell, Andrew Sterling, Alexan- 
der Hutchinson. 

Mr. Prime chosen moderator, Mr. Smith clerk. 

The Synod was opened by a sermon preached by Mr. Cummins from 
Rom. viii. 15. 

The Rev. Mr. Eleazar Wales is removed by death since our last session. 

Adjourned till two of the o'clock, post meridiem. Concluded with prayer. 

Two of the clock, P. M. Post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last Synod be read. 

The minutes of the Synod since their first erection being, according to the 
order of our last, brought into the Synod, they appoint Mr. Treat to transcribe 
them into a book that they be not lost, and that he be henceforth their stated 
clerk for that purpose. 

The reasons given by the present members of their absence the last session 
were sustained. 

The affair of the union with the Synod of Philadelphia, came under consid- 
eration, and the Synod appoints Messrs. Treat, William Tennent, Finly, 
Green, and Spencer, to be a committee to draw up proposals upon that head 
to be brought in at their next sederunt. 

The High Dutch congregation of Rockway, in the township of Lebanon, 
applied to the Synod that they may be taken under the care of this Synod, 
and that a certain person now preaching among them may be taken under 
examination, and if approved, ordained a minister to them. The Synod in 
order to clear their way to transact any thing with said people, do appoint 
Mr. Pemberton to make inquiry of the Dutch ministers in New York, whe- 
ther said people do belong to their jurisdiction; and he is to acquaint a com- 
mittee of the Synod how that matter is. And the Synod appoints Messrs. 
Pierson, Burr, Arthur, Smith, and Spencer, their committee, to sit at such 
time and place as they shall appoint, and transact in said affair, according as 
things shall then appear to them. 

Upon a representation made by Mr. Beatty of the necessitous circumstances 
of the congregation of Cape May, and their earnest request that some minister, 
or candidate, might be sent down to them and settle with them, the Synod ap- 
points Mr. Davenport to go and spend the winter with them for that purpose, 
if consistent with his affairs. 

Adjourned to eight of the clock to-morrow morning. 

Concluded with prayer. 

28th day, at eight of the clock, A. M. Post preces sederunt qui supra. 
Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 
Messrs. Pemberton, Pierson, Burr, Arthur, Gilbert and William Ten- 
21 



242 



MINUTES OF THE 



nent, Treat, Finly, Samuel and John Blair, Azariah Horton, Brown, and 
the moderator, are appointed to be a commission of the Synod for this 

year. . . . 

The Synod making inquiry how the several appointments for Virginia 
have been fulfilled, do find that Mr. Davenport has been there, and that Mr. 
Todd is licensed, and preparing speedily to go ; but that the other appoint- 
ments by one means or other have failed. 

The committee according to appointment, brought in a draught of propo- 
sals for an union with the Synod of Philadelphia, which the Synod approve, 
and they are as follow, viz. 

k That every member assent unto and receive the Westminster Confession 
of Faith and Catechisms, as the confession of his faith, according to the plan 
formerly mentioned and proposed, and also agree to the Directory as the gene- 
ral plan of worship and discipline. 

2. That all matters shall be determined by a majority of votes, to which 
determination all shall submit ; but if any member or members cannot, in con- 
science submit to any particular act or determination of the body, he or they 
shall be obliged, after sufficient liberty of reasoning and modest remonstration. 
to withdraw from our Synodical communion. Provided always, that this 
last article shall not extend to any cases but such as the Synod shall judge to 
be essential in doctrine, worship, or discipline. 

3. That it shall be treated as a censurable misconduct, for any member to 
charge any of his brethren with errors in doctrine or immorality in conversa- 
tion, except in a way of private reproof or judicial process. And that none 
shall be judicially condemned or censured without a fair trial and process, 
according to the known rules of our discipline, 

4. That no candidate shall be taken upon trials by any Presbytery, without 
a degree or a certificate from the president, and a sufficient number of the 
tutors or trustees of some college, testifying to the sufficiency of his learning; 
except in cases extraordinary, in which the Presbyteries shall be accountable 
to the Synod for their conduct. 

5. That it shall be treated as irregular, for any minister or candidate to 
preach or perform other ministerial offices in the congregations of other min- 
isters belonging to our body, contrary to their minds. On the other hand, it 
shall be esteemed unbrotherly for any minister to refuse his consent, (without 
weighty reasons,) when amicably desired. 

6. That all the several Presbyteries belonging to both Synods respectively, 
shall continue distinct Presbyteries as now they are, and that the several con- 
gregations and vacancies may continue to be under the same Presbyteries as 
at present. 

7. That the protestation made in the Synod of Philadelphia in the year 
1741, be declared henceforth void and of none effect, and that the proposed 
union shall not be understood to imply an agreement or consent to said pro- 
testation on the part of this Synod. 

8. Forasmuch as this Synod doth believe, (as they have before declared,) 
that a glorious work of God's Spirit was carried on in the late religious ap- 
pearances, (though we doubt not but there were several follies and extrava- 
gancies of people, and artifices of Satan intermixed therewith.) it would be 
pleasing and desirable to us, and what we hope for, that both Synods may 
come so far to agree in their sentiments about it, as to give their joint tes- 
timony thereto. 

Ordered, That Mr. Treat, the stated clerk, transcribe these proposals and 
deposit a true copy thereof in the hands of Mr. Samuel Hazard of Philadel- 
phia, to be delivered to the Synod of Philadelphia, or their order, when he 
shall have received their proposals. 



SYNOD OF NEW YORK. 243 

The Synod adjourned to the day after the commencement the ensuing year, 
and then to sit at Newark. Concluded with prayer. 

The Synod met according to adjournment, 

Newark, September 2Qth, 1751. Ubi post preces sederunt, 

Ministers of Suffolk Presbytery: Messrs. Ebenezer Prime and Azariah 
Horton. 

Of the New York Presbytery: Messrs. John Pierson, Ebenezer Pember- 
ton, Simon Horton, Aaron Burr, James Davenport, David Bostwick, Jacob 
Green, Caleb Smith, John Brainerd, Elihu Spencer, Daniel Thane, Enos 
Ayres, John Moffett, Chauncey Graham. 

Of the Presbytery of New Brunswick: Messrs. William Tennent, Richard 
Treat, Charles McKnight, Charles Beatty, Eliab Byram, Thomas Lewis, 
Andrew Hunter, Daniel Lawrence, Israel Read, Samuel Kennedy, Benjamin 
Chesnutt. 

Of the Presbytery of New Castle: Messrs. James Campbell, Samuel Fin- 
ly, John Blair, Samuel Davis, John Rogers. Mr. John Smith correspon- 
dent. 

Elders: Messrs. John Ball, John Henderson, Anthony Scout, Hugh Mar- 
ten, John Kirkpatrick, Philip Celsel, Allin Killock, Daniel Morris, Aaron 
Trueheart, Jonathan Holms, Elias Bayley. 

Ministers absent. Of Long Island Presbytery: Messrs. Silvanus White, 
James Brown, Samuel Bewel, Naphtali Dagget, David Youngs, Samuel 
Sackett. 

Of New York Presbytery: Messrs. Timothy Syms, Timothy Jones, John 
Grant, Aaron Richards, Alexander Cummins, Jonathan Elmore. 

Of New Brunswick Presbytery: Messrs. Gilbert Tennent, James McCrea, 
Timothy Allen, Job Prudden, John Campbell, John Todd. 

Of New Castle Presbytery: Messrs. Charles Tennent, John Roan, An- 
drew Sterling, Andrew Bay, Hugh Henry. 

Mr. John Blair chosen moderator, Mr. Byram clerk. 

Mr. Prime, the last year's moderator, opened the Synod by a sermon from 
Psal. cii. 16. 

The Rev. Messrs. Samuel Blair and Thomas Arthur, are departed this life 
since the last Synod. 

A petition was sent into the Synod by the trustees of the college of New 
Jersey, desiring that the Rev. Mr. Ebenezer Pemberton might be appointed 
to make a voyage to Europe to solicit benefactions for said college; and like- 
wise, requesting that some members of the Synod might be appointed to go 
immediately to New York, to treat with Mr. Pemberton's congregation upon 
said affair. The Synod taking this matter into consideration, do appoint 
Messrs. Aaron Burr, Richard Treat, William Tennent, and Samuel Davis, to 
be a committee to go immediately to New York, and treat with Mr. Pember- 
ton's congregation upon said affair. 

Adjourned to three of the clock, post meridiem. Concluded with prayer. 

Three of the clock, P. M. Post preces, sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

Ordered, That the minutes of last Synod be read. 

The excuses of Messrs. Hunter, Davenport, James Campbell, Rogers, and 
the moderator, for their absence from the last Synod, are sustained. 

The committee to whom the affair of the Dutch congregation of Rockway 
was referred the last Synod, do make report, that difficulties arising in their 
way from time to time, they have not been able to do any thing in it. And 



244 



MINUTES OF THE 



application being again made to the Synod by said congregation, desiring they 
would take the said affair under their care ; the Synod do refer it to the Pres- 
bytery of New Brunswick, to transact in it according as they shall judge best, 
when matters are fully laid before them. 

The Synod find that Mr. Davenport fulfilled his appointment in going to 
Cape May. 

Messrs. Pierson, Pemberton, Burr, Spencer, Gilbert and William Tennent, 
Treat, Finly, Rogers, Prime, Azariah Horton, Brown, and the moderator, 
are appointed to be a commission of the Synod for the ensuing year. 

Proposals of accommodation from the Synod of Philadelphia, (in compli- 
ance with the agreement of the commissions of both Synods at Trenton, men- 
tioned in the preceding minutes, page 21,) were brought into the Synod 
and read, the consideration of which deferred till the next sederunt. [See 
page 202.] 

The Synod understanding that one Vandreron, a Dutch preacher, going 
from place to place, does much disturb some of our congregations, and being 
a person of gross enormities and scandals, the Synod judge it to be their duty, 
to admonish all the people under their care to avoid the said Vandreron, and 
give no countenance to his preaching. 

Adjourned to to-morrow morning, at nine of the clock. 

Concluded with prayer. 

27th day, at nine of the clock, A. M. Post preces, sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

Mr. Prime absent, having obtained leave to go home. 

The Synod being informed of certain misrepresentations concerning the con- 
stitution, order, and discipline of our churches, industriously spread by some 
of the members of the Dutch congregations, interspersed among or bordering 
upon us, with design to prevent occasional or constant communion of their 
members with our churches; to obviate all such misrepresentations, and to 
cultivate a good understanding between us and our brethren of the Dutch 
churches, we do hereby declare and testify our constitution, order, and disci- 
pline, to be in harmony with the established church of Scotland. The West- 
minster Confession, Catechisms, and Directory for public worship and church 
government adopted by them, are in like manner received and adopted by us. 
We declare ourselves united with that church in the same faith, order, and 
discipline. Its approbation, countenance, and favour, we have abundant tes- 
timonies of. They, as brethren, receive us; and their members, we, as 
opportunity offers, receive as ours. And as the church of Scotland, and the 
Reformed churches abroad, agreeable to the Geneva Platform, hold a readv 
and free communion with each other, so we also desire the same with our 
brethren of the Dutch and French churches, interspersed amongst and bor- 
dering upon us. 

The exigencies of the great affair of propagating the gospel among the hea- 
then, being represented unto the Synod, the Synod, in order to promote so 
important and valuable a design, do enjoin all their members to appoint a col- 
lection in their several congregations once every year, to be applied for that 
purpose. And that the money raised by such collections be vearlv sent to the 
Synod. 

The Synod do, moreover, recommend to all their members, as far as pru- 
dence may direct, to make another annual collection for the support of voung 
students, whose circumstances render them incapable to maintain themselves 
at learning, and for other charitable purposes ; which contributions shall be at 
the disposal of such respective Presbyteries where thev are made. 

A petition of a number of the members of the Presbvterv of New Bruns- 



SYNOD OF NEW YORK. 245 

wick, praying to be erected into a distinct Presbytery, was brought into the 
Synod, the further consideration of it deferred till the next sederunt. 

A petition from a number of the inhabitants of Tinnicum or Tehicken, pray- 
ing for liberty for supplies at the place called the Old House. The Synod, 
after hearing what they had to offer in support of said petition, and after con- 
sideration thereon, do unanimously reject said petition. 

The consideration of the proposals of the Synod of Philadelphia in order to 
union, taken under consideration, and the Synod appoint Messrs. Pierson, 
Finly, Smith, Beatty, and the moderator, to draw up an answer and lay it 
before the Synod the next sederunt. 

Adjourned to three of the clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

Three of the clock, P. M. Post preces, sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

The consideration of the petition of some members of the Presbytery of 
New Brunswick was resumed, and after hearing what they had to offer in 
support thereof, the Synod agree to grant said petition, and do erect that part 
of the Presbytery of New Brunswick that live in Pennsylvania, together with 
those who live in New Jersey, to the southward of Philadelphia, bordering 
upon Delaware, into a distinct Presbytery by the name of the Presbytery of 
Abington, and also appoint their first meeting to be at Philadelphia the third 
Wednesday in May next. 

The committee appointed to draw up something in answer to the proposals 
of the Synod of Philadelphia, laid before the Synod what they had done, 
which the Synod approve, and is as follows, viz. 

The proposals of the Synod of Philadelphia for union with this Synod were 
opened and read. The Synod after deliberate perusal of them are pleased in 
observing any steps taken towards the uniting the two Synods, and that our 
brethren of the Philadelphia Synod profess a peaceable disposition, and deter- 
mine to concur with our proposals as closely and as far as they can, in their 
present view of things. But as they have not seen fit to comply with some 
of the particulars proposed by us so closely as we could have wished, we 
judge it becomes our professions, and our endeavours for peace, to be candid- 
ly open and free in pointing out those things from which we disagree in their 
present plan of accommodation. 

1. Though the Synod should make no acts but concerning matters of plain 
duty, or opinions relating to the great truths of religion, yet as every thing 
that appears plain duty and truth unto the body, may appear at the same time 
not to be essential, so we judge that no member or members should be obliged 
to withdraw from our communion upon his or their not being able actively to 
concur, or passively submit, unless the matter be judged essential in doctrine 
or discipline. 

2. We cannot agree that all the public and fundamental agreements of the 
Synod of Philadelphia should stand safe, if this is understood to extend to 
agreements made by said Synod since the rupture happened. 

3. We cannot see that it will consist with the peace and edification of the 
church to use any coercive measures to oblige people to be under the ministry 
of those whom they do not choose, or to dissolve and new model Presby- 
teries. 

4. Seeing by the goodness of Divine Providence we have now a college 
erected, we see no necessity for the alternative of the Synod or their commis- 
sion examining candidates before they be admitted to Presbyterial trials. 

As the Synod of Philadelphia had not our last proposals before them when 
they drew up the present plan of accommodation, we refer them to said pro* 
posals, as to what we further desire in order to our union with them. 
21* 



246 



MINUTES OF THE 



Ordered, That the clerk send an attested copy of the above to Mr. Samuel 
Hazard, of Philadelphia, to be delivered to the moderator of the Synod of 
Philadelphia. 

The distressing circumstances of Virginia being represented to the Synod, 
they appoint Mr. Greenman to go into Virginia as soon as possibly he can, 
and supply there for some time. 

A motion being made to the Synod by Mr. Davis, of the necessity of send- 
ing to England an account relating to the dissenting interest in Virginia, the 
Synod does order that a representation of the circumstances of the Presby- 
terian congregations in that colony be made and signed in the name of the 
Synod, by Messrs. Burr and Pemberton, to Dr. Doddridge and Dr. Avery, 
and also a certificate of Mr. Davis's character. 

The committee sent to New York by the Synod on the petition of the trus- 
tees of the college, returned and reported that their attempts were to no pur- 
pose in the affair of their mission. 

Adjourned to the day after the commencement of the ensuing year, and 
then to meet at Newark. Concluded with prayer. 

The Synod met according to appointment. 

Newark, September 28th, 1752. Ubi sederunt post preces, 

Ministers: Messrs. John Pierson, Ebenezer Pemberton, Simon Horton, 
Aaron Burr, James Davenport, Jacob Green, David Bostwick, Caleb Smith, 
John Brainerd, Elihu Spencer, Daniel Thane, Chauncey Graham, William 
Tennent, Andrew Hunter, Timothy Allen, Israel Read, Eliab By ram, Tho- 
mas Lewis, Richard Treat, Charles Beatty, Daniel Lawrence, Samuel Finly, 
Azariah Horton, Aaron Richards, Alexander Cummins, Job Prudden, Con- 
rad Worts, John Grant, Naphtali Dagget. 

Elders : James Kilburn, Joseph Kerr. 

Ministers absent : Enos Ayres, John Moffort, Timothy Jones, Jonathan 
Elmore, Charles McKnight, James McCrea, Samuel Kennedy, John Todd, 
Gilbert Tennent, Benjamin Chesnutt, John Campbell, James Campbell, John 
Blair, John Rogers, Charles Tennent, John Roan, Andrew Sterling, Andrew 
Bay, Hugh Henry, Ebenezer Prime, Silvanus White, Samuel Bewel, James 
Brown, Samuel Sacket, James Finly, Robert Smith. 

Mr. Treat chosen moderator, Mr. Samuel Finly clerk. 

Our last year's moderator being absent the Rev. Mr. Jonathan Edwards, 
at the request of the members, opened the Synod with a sermon on James 
ii. 19. 

Adjourned till three of the clock P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

Three of the clock, P. M. Post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last Synod be read. 

The Rev. David Youngs has departed this life since our last. 

Mr. Cummins, Mr. Richards, Mr. Grant, Mr. Dagget, Mr. Allen, and Mr. 
Prudden, gave the reasons of their absence the last Synod, which were sus- 
tained. 

According to appointment of Synod, the Presbytery of New Brunswick 
examined the affair of the Dutch congregation at Rockwav, and ordained Mr. 
Worts to be their minister. 

Messrs. Pierson, Pemberton, Burr, Spencer, Gilbert and William Ten- 
nent, Finly, Rogers, Prime, Azariah Horton, Brown, and the moderator, are 
appointed to be a commission of the Synod for the year ensuing. 

Inquiry into the affair of the collection for the Indians, appointed the last 
Synod, deferred until another sederunt. 



SYNOD OF NEW YORK. 247 

The clerk reports that he complied with the order of sending an attested 
copy of our last year's proposals to Mr. Hazard, to be given in to the Synod 
of Philadelphia; in consequence of which, and the proposals of this Synod in 
the year 1750, the Synod of Philadelphia sent a letter of remarks and propo- 
sals, which being read, the consideration of them deferred till to-morrow. 
[See page 205.] 

Mr. Greenman's reasons for his not going to Virginia, according to the ap- 
pointment of the last Synod, are sustained. 

The Rev. Messrs. Jonathan Edwards, John Smith, and Hopkins, be- 
ing present, do join as correspondents. 

A reference from the Presbytery of New York concerning some matters of 
difference among the members of the Presbyterian congregation of New York, 
which were laid before said Presbytery, was brought into the Synod, and 
after hearing many things in relation thereto, the Synod deferred the further 
examination thereof till the next sederunt. 

Adjourned till nine of the clock to-morrow morning. 

Concluded with prayer. 

29th day, at nine of the clock, A. M. Post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Only Mr. Lewis departed without leave. 

Ordered, That the minutes of last sederunt be read. 

The Synod proceeded to make inquiry concerning the collection for the 
Indians, and it was found that all the members present made collections ex- 
cept Messrs. William Tennent, Davenport, Byram, Beatty, Richards, Grant, 
Dagget, Simon Horton, and Read, who propose afterwards to collect and send 
their collections to Mr. Brainerd. Ordered, also, that the collections brought 
to the Synod be paid into the hands of Mr. Brainerd, to be disposed of by the 
correspondents for the Indian affairs. 

A motion being made to the Synod by the trustees of the college of New 
Jersey to obtain a public collection from all the congregations belonging to 
the Synod, and the Synod having taken the matter into consideration, do una- 
nimously approve the motion, and earnestly recommend it to all the Presby- 
teries to see that every one of their members do endeavour to collect money 
in their respective congregations for that purpose; and also in vacancies, 
where they have opportunity so to do ; and the Synod order, that all other 
public collections before appointed by them to be annually observed, be sus- 
pended on that account. 

The Synod do likewise order that the said collection for the college be 
made betwixt this time and May next, and that an account of what is gathered 
by every Presbytery, be transmitted to the president of the college by each 
Presbytery. 

The consideration of the proposals of the Synod of Philadelphia, in order 
to an union, further deferred. 

The affair of the reference from the Presbytery of New York reassumed, 
and the pleas of all parties being fully heard, the Synod defer the judicial de- 
termination thereof till the next sederunt. 

Adjourned till half an hour after two of the clock, P. M. 

Concluded with prayer. 

Half an hour after tivo, P. M. Post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

Mr. Davis is come to the Synod ; his not coming in the beginning of this 
session occasioned by mistaking the time of their meeting. 

The Synod agree to desire the Rev. Mr. Edwards to publish his sermon 
preached before them. 



248 MINUTES OF THE 

Upon a representation of the destitute circumstances of Virginia, &c. the 
Synod appoint Mr. Greenman and Mr. Robert Henry, to go there some time 
betwixt this and the next Synod. 

Whereas a certain person pretending at Egg Harbour to be a minister regu- 
larly ordained among the Presbyterians, and under that character baptized 
some adults and infants, and it appearing to the Synod that his pretences 
were false, having at that time no license or ordination, it is our opinion that 
all the gospel ordinances he administered under that false and pretended cha- 
racter are null and invalid. 

The proposals of the Synod of Philadelphia came to be considered, and the 
Synod finding they had not time to go through with them this session, agreed 
upon the following answer, to be sent to them by the stated clerk. 

Very Reverend and dear Brethren : We have received your letter. The 
great crowd of Synodical affairs now upon our hands, renders it impossible 
for us to give it that attentive examination which the importance of the affair 
requires. We shall endeavour, as soon as we have opportunity, to give it a 
calm and deliberate consideration, and hope we shall return you such an an- 
swer as shall give you convincing evidence, that we entertain the most affec- 
tionate desires of peace and union upon such a bottom as may contribute to 
the edification and comfort of all our churches. In the mean time, it is our 
sincere inclination to evidence towards you all proper and friendly regards. 

The affair of New York referred to the Synod as before mentioned, and 
heard at length, reassumed in order to a judgment, and the Synod having se- 
riously and deliberately considered the sundry articles of debate and com- 
plaint laid before them, came into the following conclusions: 

1. That the building, ground, &c. conveyed from the General Assembly of 
the Church of Scotland to the Presbyterian Society in New York, belongs to 
Presbyterians without distinction of name or nation, who conform to the gene- 
ral plan of the Church of Scotland as practised by the Synod of New York. 

2. That it is not inconsistent with the Presbyterian plan of government, 
nor the institution of our Lord Jesus Christ, that trustees, or a committee cho- 
sen by the congregation, should have the disposal and application of the 
public money raised by said congregation, to the uses for which it was de- 
signed ; provided that they leave in the hands and to the management of the 
deacons, what is collected for the Lord's Table and the poor. And that minis- 
ters of the gospel, by virtue of their office, have no right to sit with or preside 
over such trustees or committees. 

3. That it appears to the Synod, that the trustees of said church have faith- 
fully discharged the trust reposed in them, with respect to its temporalities, 
much to its advantage. 

4. That as to the articles of complaint brought against 'Sir. Cummins 1 , it 
appears to the Synod, that he has been necessarily hindered from perfonriing 
his part in public service, by his low state of health; but they judge it his 
duty to discharge it according to his call when his health will admit; and 
when he is disabled, he should desire Mr. Pemberton to officiate in his room. 
That his insisting on a right to sit with the trustees in their conventions about 
the temporal affairs of the congregation, was not a violation of his ordination 
vows, which respect only the work of the ministry, although they judge he 
acted imprudently in so doing. That he is to be commended for insisting on 
persons praying in their families, who present their children to baptism ; but 
inasmuch as it appears expedient, that the same form of covenanting should 
be used in the same church; the Synod do, therefore, recommend ft to Mr. 
Pemberton and Mr. Cumming, to consult with the committee hereafter to be 
mentioned about a form that they can both agree in. 

5. That the said church proceed as soon as maybe, to the choice of elders 



SYNOD OF NEW YORK. 249 

to join with their ministers in the government and discipline of the church; 
and that the committee hereafter to be appointed do nominate the persons to 
be chosen, and determine the number. 

6. That as to the methods taken to introduce a new version of the psalms 
in the public worship, the Synod judge it to be disorderly, and always to be 
discountenanced, when the parties in matters of debate in a church do carry 
about private subscriptions. 

7. That as to the introduction of a new version of psalms, the Synod hath 
not light at present to determine, but do impower the committee to recom- 
mend Dr. Watt's version, if upon observation of circumstances they think it 
proper. 

And the Synod do appoint the Rev. Messrs. Samuel Davis, Samuel Finly, 
and Charles Beatty, to be a committee to go immediately to New York, and 
direct and assist the Presbyterian congregation of New York in such affairs 
as may contribute to their peace and edification. 

Adjourned to the first Wednesday of October, 1753, and then to meet at 
Philadelphia at three of the clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 



The Synod met according to appointment. 

Philadelphia, October 3d, 1753. Ubi post preces sederunt, 

Ministers of New York Presbytery: Messrs. Azariah Horton, Timothy 
Jones, Timothy Allen, David Bostwick, John Brainerd, Elihu Spencer. 

Of Suffolk Presbytery : Mr. James Brown. 

Of New Brunswick Presbytery: Messrs. William Tennent, Charles 
McKnight, Eliab Byram, Thomas Lewis, Israel Read, Samuel Kennedy, 
Conradus Wort. 

Of Abington Presbytery: Messrs. Gilbert Tennent, Richard Treat, Charles 
Beatty, Andrew Hunter, Daniel Lawrence, Benjamin Chesnutt. 

Of New Castle Presbytery: Messrs. Charles Tennent, Samuel Finly, 
James Campbel, James Davenport, Evadner Morrison, Samuel Davis, An- 
drew Bay, John Rogers, Hugh Henry, Robert Smith, James Finly, John 
Todd. 

Elders : Messrs. Jacob Bedel, Robert Cummins, Hugh Marten, John Roy, 
Thomas Coon, Robert English, David Chambers, William Adams, Richard 
Walker, Jonathan Holmes, William McCrea, John Vandyke, Francis Alex- 
ander, Samuel Jamison, William Buchanan. 

Ministers Absent: Messrs. John Pierson, Ebenezer Pemberton, Simon 
Horton, Aaron Burr, John Smith, Silas Leonard, Jacob Green, Aaron Rich- 
ards, Caleb Smith, Enos Ayres, Chauncey Graham, Alexander Cummins, 
John MofTett, Daniel Thane, Jonathan Elmore, Ebenezer Prime, Silvanus 
White, Joseph Park, Samuel Sacket, John Maltby, Samuel Bewel, Napthali 
Dagget, James McCrea, Samuel Harker, Job Prudden, Alexander Hutchin- 
son, Alexander Craighead, John Roan, John Blair, Andrew Stirling, John 
Wright, Robert Henry. 

Messrs. John Grant and John Campbell, have departed this life since our 
last Synod. 

The Synod was opened by Mr. Treat, the last year's moderator, by a ser- 
mon, Heb. iii. 2. 

Mr. Samuel Finly was chosen moderator, Mr. Bostwick chosen clerk. 

Mr. Davis and Mr. Rogers, were appointed to revise the Synod's book 
against the next sederunt. 

Adjourned till nine of the clock, to-morrow morning. 

Concluded with prayer. 



250 MINUTES OF THE 

4th day, at nine of the clock, d. M. Post preces, sederunt qui supra, 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

Mr. Davis and Mr. Rogers complied with the appointment of the last sede- 
runt in revising the Synod book, and brought their remarks, which the Synod 
approved. 

The Synod do appoint, that Mr. Treat, who is the stated clerk, be allowed 
three pounds per annum, for his service in transcribing the minutes in theii 
proper order into the Synod book ; and that every minister endeavour to bring 
ten shillings annually, to defray the above mentioned charge, and for othei 
exigencies that may happen, and that the same be lodged in the hands oi 
Mr. Treat as the Synod's treasurer. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last Synod be read. 

Messrs. Jones, McKnight, Todd, Kennedy, Gilbert Tennent, Rogers, 
Chesnutt, James Campbel, Charles Tennent, Bay, Hugh Henry, Silvanus 
White, and James Finly, gave the reasons for their absence the last year, 
which were sustained. 

The following ministers were absent the last year as well as at this pre- 
sent meeting : Messrs. Enos Ayres, John MofFet, Jonathan Elmore, James 
McCrea, John Blair, John Roan, Andrew Sterling, Ebenezer Prime, Samuel 
Bewel. 

The Synod order, that the last mentioned members be called to account foi 
their absence. 

Messrs. Pierson, Pemberton, Burr, Spencer, William and Charles Ten- 
nent, Treat, Rogers, Prime, Brown, Azariah Horton, and the moderator, are 
appointed to be a commission of the Synod for the ensuing year. 

The Synod, upon inquiry concerning the collection appointed for the use 
of the college, do find they cannot go through with said affair, by reason oi 
the absence of divers of their members, and do, therefore, refer it to each of 
their Presbyteries to make inquiry of each of their members, touching their 
compliance with said appointment, and take due care that their respective 
members do comply with it accordingly, and give an account of their conduct 
to the next Synod. 

The Synod do appoint each of their Presbyteries to bring their Presbytery 
books to the next Synod in order to be examined. 

The affair of union with the Synod of Philadelphia, referred to this Synod 
by our last, deferred to the next sederunt. 

Adjourned to three of the clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

Three of the clock, P. M. Post preces sederunt qui mpra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

The affair of the union was brought under consideration, and the last pro- 
posals from the Synod of Philadelphia, &c. were read, and the Synod do ap- 
point Messrs. Gilbert Tennent, Davis, and the moderator, to prepare an answer 
thereto, and lay it before the Synod the next sederunt. 

The remaining minutes of the last Synod were read. 

The committee appointed by the last Synod to go to New York to direct 
and assist the Presbyterian congregation in affairs relating to their peace and 
edification, make report of their compliance with said appointment. The 
minutes of their proceedings being laid before the Svnod, are approved, and 
are as follows, viz. 

" Neiu York, October 2d, 1752. 
" The committee appointed by the Synod to direct and assist the Presby- 
terian congregation of New York in such affairs as contribute to their peace 
and satisfaction, met, ubi post preces sederunt, Messrs. Samuel Finlv, Charles 
Beatty, and Samuel Davis. 



SYNOD OF NEW YORK. 251 

" Mr. Finly was chosen moderator, and Mr. Davis clerk. 

" Ordered, That the minutes of the Synod containing their conclusions con- 
cerning the affair referred unto them by the Presbytery be read. 

" The committee after the best inquiry they could make into the circum- 
stances of the congregation, do conclude that but two persons should at pre- 
sent be chosen to sustain the office of elders, and that Messrs. David Van- 
horn, and Israel Horsfield, are proper persons for that purpose, and they do 
accordingly nominate the said persons to that office ; and give public notice, 
that if any of the members of said congregation have any sufficient objections 
against either of them, they would bring them into the committee in the after- 
noon. 

" Adjourned to three of the clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

" Tliree of the clock, P. M. Post preces sederunt qui supra. 

" Ordered, The minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

" Messrs. Vanhorn and Horsfield being spoken unto by the committee, and 
the peculiar exigency of the case being represented unto them, they consent- 
ed to accept of the office for which they are nominated ; and the congregation 
brought in no objections against them, but signified their consent by holding" 
up their hands. 

"The committee after careful inquiry and deliberation, do conclude, from 
best views of the present disposition of affairs they can attain, that it is not the 
expedient at present, judicially to recommend a change of the version of 
Psalms, lest the animosities in the congregation should be more inflamed; but 
they most earnestly recommend moderation, forbearance, and condescension 
to both parties, till such times as by the use of proper measures, they shall 
come to an agreement among themselves. Concluded with prayer." 

Application was made to the Synod in behalf of the trustees of the College 
of New Jersey, requesting the Synod to appoint two of their members, viz. 
Messrs. Gilbert Tennent, and Samuel Davies, to take a voyage to Europe on 
the important affairs of said college ; to which the Synod unanimously con- 
sent. 

The congregation of Philadelphia, under the care of Mr. Tennent, request- 
ed that in the absence of their pastor, they may be supplied with such mem- 
bers of the Synod as they shall choose, till their next meeting; which was 
unanimously agreed unto. 

Adjourned till nine of the clock to-morrow morning. 

Concluded with prayer. 

5th day, at nine of the clock, Jl. M. Post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

The committee appointed by the Synod to draw up an answer to the letter 
sent to them by the Synod of Philadelphia, on the affair of the union, brought 
in said answer, which being read before the Synod, was approved, and is as 
follows, viz. 

Reverend and dear Brethren, — Your remarks on our proposals for an union 
of the two Synods we have diligently perused, and must say, that some of 
them, at least, were unexpected to us. Our first proposals contained some 
generals ; which, being too much so, were misconstructed by some on both 
sides. However, when the commissioners of both Synods met at Trenton, 
they easily saw that it was necessary, and accordingly agreed to be particular 
in their proposals for the future. For this reason we mentioned all those 
particulars which we desired might be conceded, or at least canvassed, when 
we came to confer more closely on the affair. And if matters are duly recol- 



252 MINUTES OF THE 

lected, we presume that it will appear we have not receded from our own 
proposals in any particular. 

1. We did propose that all former differences, upon our union, should be 
buried in perpetual oblivion. And we also proposed that the protestation en- 
tered in the Synod in the year 1741, should particularly be buried in oblivion, 
being declared void and of none effect. Nor can we see any inconsistency in 
proposing the general, and afterwards a particular contained under it. For so 
we viewed the matter. Now the protest must either be declared void, or not 
be buried in oblivion. As you declare it to be a judicial act, it must stand in 
full force and virtue unless it be nullified by an equal act. And thus our 
uniting without its repeal, would be an implicit approbation of it, contrary to 
our judgment. And further, your " looking upon the design of the protesta- 
tion answered" by your terms of union, seems to favour what we heard was 
reported by some of your number, viz. that the protest was to be confirmed, 
and we to be received on that footing ; which was given by the commission of 
our Synod at Trenton, as the reason of their mentioning said protest in parti- 
cular. Nor have we any further design in insisting that it be declared void 
and of none effect, but that our uniting may not imply our approbation of it. 
And we think that your continuing to declare that " you are well satisfied 
that the protestation was made on sufficient and justifiable grounds, and that 
you are not, in the least, convinced that the Synod acted wrong in said 
step," is far from being an inducement to unite without an express repeal 
thereof. 

2. As to the inconsistency mentioned in the second article, between our 
proposing that all differences should be buried in oblivion, and all names of 
distinction abolished, and our insisting that Presbyteries and congregations 
should continue as they are, we must remind you that both these particulars 
were expressly inserted in our first proposals, which you yourselves concluded 
to be pacific; and we could not have expected that this would now be consider- 
ed as a receding further from an union, and from our own proposals in order 
thereto. Nor can we yet see that it is an inconsistency in fact, all things con- 
sidered. For why might there not be an union of the two Synods, so that 
we might all be considered as one body, though Presbyteries and congrega- 
tions continue as they are. If it seems a jarring concord, as we proposed it, 
it would be more so to force people into it faster than they have clearness to 
go. If then, we proposed an union on the best terms and footing that cir- 
cumstances would allow, our proposals were most consistent in fact. And 
though the " concessions of our delegates, and our former proposals, viz. that 
congregations as they are at present, should belong to the same Presbyteries 
they now do, till a favourable opportunity of an advantageous alteration might 
give you ground to apprehend that we would assent to the uniting of Pres- 
byteries," yet it could not give ground to apprehend we would do so until 
that favourable opportunity presents, which we did not apprehend could be 
immediately upon the union of the Synods, much less antecedent thereto. 
So that we have not in the least receded from our former concession in 
this point. 

3. Our professing that mutual forbearance as to different sentiments respect- 
ing the late religious appearances, was our duty, since we all profess the 
same confession of faith and directory for worship ; and our desiring and hop- 
ing for a joint testimony to the late glorious work of God, are not inconsistent, 
inasmuch as the manner in which we have proposed this particular is differ- 
ent from that of the others. And though it would be inconsistent with our 
former judgment, peremptorily to insist on it as a term of union, yet it's not 
inconsistent to speak of it, and desire an agreement about it, and leave room 
to make trial how far we could agree therein; and this was our design in that 



SYNOD OF NEW YORK. 253 

particular. And if we could agree to unite in other things, it cannot be denied 
but agreement in a matter of that importance would be desirable and worth 
attempting. iVnd as we know not but upon friendly conference about it, the 
difference perhaps would not be so great as it has seemed, we thought it might 
very well be proposed in the manner in which M r e have done it. At the same 
time it is also plain that there is no inconsistency between our present propo- 
sal and our declared sentiments, that difference in judgment should not oblige 
a dissenting member to withdraw from our communion, unless the matter 
were judged by the body to be essential in doctrine or discipline. And this 
we must own is an important article with us, which we cannot any way dis- 
pense with; and it appears to us to be strictly Christian and Scriptural, as 
well as Presbyterian, otherwise we must make every thing that appears plain 
duty to us, a term of communion, which we apprehend the Scripture pro- 
hibits. And it appears plain to us that there may be many opinions relating to 
the great truths of religion, that are not great themselves, nor of sufficient im- 
portance to be made terms of communion. Nor can these sentiments " open 
a door to an unjustifiable latitude in principles and practices," any more than 
the apostolic prohibition of receiving those that are weak to doubtful disputa- 
tions. What is plain sin and plain duty in one's account, is not so in an- 
other's; and the Synod has still in their power to judge what is essential and 
what is not. In order to prevent an unjustifiable latitude, we must not make 
terms of communion which Christ has not made; and we are convinced that 
he hath not made every truth and every duly a term. 

As to the true stating of what we believe to be the glorious work of God's 
Spirit in the late religious appearances, that we judged, and do judge, could 
properly be done when both Synods came to confer about it. Though our 
public prints have not been silent on that head. Nor have we left even " the 
more simple and ignorant," who inclined to give heed to us, without the 
means of distinguishing between "the work of God's Spirit and their own 
follies, or the artifices of Satan." So that if they yet " continue in the mis- 
take," it is not of us. 

4. As to " the intrusions of disorderly ministers into your congregations, 
so that they are rendered incapable to perform their solemn engagements to 
their pastors," of which you complain, and also ** that no regard was to be 
paid to your repeated desires and public votes, that young men should have 
certificates from some college," without retorting to the former, we only ob- 
serve that these complaints are proper if we are to overhaul old debates, and 
come to be judged before you; but permit us to request that they may not 
come into pacific proposals ; for, as each side pretend to justify themselves in 
many things of which the other accuses, such criminations can have no pro- 
priety, nor tendency to peace and re-union, but rather to provoke recrimina- 
tions, and are but a begging the question, or taking for granted what is in dis- 
pute. We have thought it our duty to avoid them as an incongruity, and in- 
consistent with our proposals. If we sincerely seek peace, let us speak and 
act so as has a tendency to promote it, and none to subvert it We do not 
presume to treat you as criminals on the present footing, and we expect to be 
treated as a judicature on equal ground. But were each side candidly dis- 
posed to make the utmost acknowledgments to the other, of past wrongs, 
which they possibly could with a clear judgment and conscience, then these 
things might properly be pointed out and proposed to consideration, and this 
might answer a valuable end. 

Ordered, That a copy of the above be sent to the Synod of Philadelphia, at 
their next session, by the Synod's stated clerk. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 
22 



054 MINUTES OF THE 

Three o'clock, P. M. Post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

Motion being made by William McCrea in behalf of the congregation at 
Whiteclay Creek, for a copy of the original plan of the constitution of this 
Synod, they order the same to be given them by their stated clerk. 

The like motion was made by David Chambers in behalf of the new erect- 
ed Presbyterian congregation in Philadelphia, which was also granted. 

A representation being made to the Synod by Mr. Pemberton, and several 
members of the Presbyterian congregation in ±sew York, of the divided state 
of said congregation, requesting the assistance of the Synod in their distressed 
case, the Synod do appoint Messrs. William Tennent, Samuel Davies, Aaron 
Burr, Caleb Smith, David Bostwick, Elihu Spencer, Richard Treat, Charles 
Beatty, and John Rogers, to be a committee to meet at New York on the 
fourth Wednesday of instant October, at ten of the clock, A. M., with full 
power and authority to transact such things with respect to said congregation, 
as they shall judge necessary for the healing of the divisions of said congre- 
gation, and best interest of religion therein. 

It being moved to the Synod, what they judge necessary as to the form or 
method to be used in the administration of baptism, the Synod do refer to our 
excellent Directory in that case. 

It being further moved to the Synod, whether a church session hath power 
to introduce a new version of psalms into the congregation to which they be- 
long, without the consent of the majority of said congregation; it was voted 
in the negative, nemine contradicente. 

A draught of an address from this Synod to the General Assembly of the 
Church of Scotland, was brought into the Synod and being read, the Synod 
appoint Messrs. Gilbert Tennent, Spencer, Allen, and Treat, a committee to 
revise said draught and bring it in the next sederunt. 

The Synod do also appoint said committee to draw up certificates for Mr. 
Tennent and Mr. Davies. 

The Synod taking into consideration how to supply Mr. Davies's congrega- 
tion during his absence, do appoint Messrs. Blair, Bay, Henry, James Finlv. 
and Rogers, and the particular seasons of their supplying to be adjusted and 
fixed by the Presbytery of New Castle to which they belong:, and the Svnod 
do appoint said Presbytery to supply their respective congregations in their 
absence as much as they can. And to assist therein, the Synod do appoint 
Mr. Lewis to supply two Sabbaths in Fag's Mannor, and one for the Forks 
of Brandy wine before the next Synod. 

The Synod also appoint Mr. Lawrence to supplv Mr. Henry's congrega- 
tion four Sabbaths, to begin with the third Sabbath' in Mav. They also ap- 
point Mr. Allen to supply St. George's four Sabbaths in April, beginning with 
the first. 

Adjourned to nine of the clock, to-morrow morning. 

Concluded with prayer. 

6th day, at nine of the clock. Post preces, sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

The Synod do recommend it to the several Presbyteries belonging to their 
body, to call those sessions to account that do not send elders to attend upon 
the Synod and Presbyteries, and to enjoin these sessions to call those elders 
to an account that do not attend upon judicatories, when sent by them. 

For the supplying of Mr. Gilbert Tennent's congregation for this vear. the 
Synod do appoint Mr. Treat to supply four Sabbaths' in November, if need 
be; Mr. William Tennent the four first Sabbaths in December; Mr. Beatty 
the last Sabbath in December and the three first in January: Mr. Charles 



SYNOD OF NEW YORK. 255 

Tennent the last Sabbath in January and the three first in February ; Mr. 
Davenport the last Sabbath in February and the three first in March; Mr. 
Greenman the two last Sabbaths in March ; Mr. Burr the four Sabbaths in 
April ; Mr. Pemberton the four Sabbaths in May ; Mr. Finly the four first Sab- 
baths in June; Mr. Greenman the last Sabbath in June and the first in July; 
Mr. Cummins the three last in July and first in August; Mr. Kennedy the 
three last in August and first in September; Mr. Spencer the three last in 
September and first in October ; Mr. Bostwick the four last in October. 

The Synod do moreover appoint, that if any of these cannot fulfil said ap- 
pointments, the Presbytery to which they belong shall, without fail, send 
others in their stead. 

The Synod appoint the Presbytery of Suffolk, to supply New York and 
Jamaica in the absence of their ministers; that is to say, New York the whole 
of the time, provided they were otherwise totally vacant, and Jamaica the one 
half of the time. 

The Synod also appoint that Mr. Spencer's congregation be supplied in his 
absence, the whole of the time, at the request of his excellency the governor. 

And that each Presbytery do, as much as they can, to supply the absence of 
their respective members. 

The Synod do appoint Mr. Brainerd to supply Hanover, in Virginia, the 
four last Sabbaths in March next. 

That Mr. Beatty supply three Sabbaths at Fag's Mannor and in the Forks 
of Brandywine, before next Synod. 

Mr. Moffet is appointed to supply Mr. Beatty's congregation those three 
Sabbaths, and Mr. Horton is appointed to inform Mr. Moffet of the same, that 
he may seasonably acquaint Mr. Beatty when he can come. 

The committee appointed to revise the draught of the address to the General 
Assembly, presented the same, which being read was unanimously approved.* 

* A copy of the address to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland. 

To the very venerable and honourable the moderator and other members of the Gene- 
ral Assembly of the Church of Scotland, to meet at Edinburgh, May, 1754. The peti- 
tion of the Synod of New York, convened at Philadelphia, October 3, 1753, humbly 
showeth : 

That a college has been lately erected in the province of New Jersey by his majesty's 
royal charter, in which a number of youth has been already educated, who are now the 
instruments of service to the church of God ; and which would be far more extensively 
beneficial were it brought to maturity. That after all the contributions that have been 
made to the said college, or can be raised in these parts, the fund is far from being suffi- 
cient for the erection of proper buildings, supporting the president and tutors, furnishing 
a library, and defraying other necessary expenses; that the trustees of said college, who 
are zealous and active to promote it for the public good, have already sent their humble 
petition to this venerable house for some assistance in carrying on so important a design; 
and also petitioned this Synod to appoint two of their members, the Rev. Messrs. Gilbert 
Tennent and Samuel Davies, to undertake a vovage to Europe in behalf of said college. 

Your petitioners, therefore, most heartily r „'ur in the said petition of the trustees to 
the Reverend Assembly, and appoint the ,cat OMessrs. Tennent and Davies to be their 
commissioners for that purpose. e Pr 

And as your petitioners apprehend the design of said petition to be of the utmost im- 
portance to the interests of learning and religion in this infant country, and are confident 
of the zeal of so pious and learned a body as the General Assembly of the Church of 
Scotland, to promote such a design; they beg leave to lay before this venerable house, a 
general representation of the deplorable circumstances of the churches under their Syno- 
dical care, leaving it to the commissioners to descend to particulars. 

In the colonies of New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, and 
Carolina, a great number of congregations have been formed upon the Presbyterian plan, 
which have put themselves under the Sy nodical care of your petitioners, who conform to 
the constitution of the Church of Scotland, and have adopted her standards of doctrine, 
worship, and discipline. There are also large settlements lately planted in various parts, 
particularly in North and South Carolina, where multitudes are extremely desirous of the 



256 MINUTES OF THE 

The same committee, according to appointment, produced a certificate for 
the Rev. Messrs. Gilbert Tennent and Samuel Davies, which being read was 
unanimously approved.* 

_ 

ministrations of the gospel; but they are not yet formed into congregations, and regu- 
larly organized for want of ministers. 

These numerous bodies of people, dispersed so wide through so many colonies, have 
repeatedly made the most importunate applications to your petitioners, for ministers to be 
sent among them; and your petitioners have exerted themselves to the utmost for their 
relief, both by sending their members and candidates to officiate some time among them, 
and using all practicable measures for the education of pious youth for the ministry. 

But alas ! notwithstanding these painful endeavours, your petitioners have been utterly 
incapable to make sufficient provision for so many shepherdless flocks ; and those that 
come hundreds of miles crying to them for some to break the bread of life among them, 
are often obliged to return in tears, with little or no relief, by reason of the scarcity of 
ministers. 

Though every practicable expedient, which the most urgent necessity could suggest, 
has been used to prepare labourers for this extensive and growing harvest ; yet the num- 
ber of ministers in this Synod is far from being equal to that of the congregations under 
their care. Though sundry of them have taken the pastoral charge of two or three con- 
gregations for a time, in order to lessen the number of vacancies ; and though sundry 
youth have lately been licensed, ordained, and settled in congregations, that were before 
destitute ; yet there are no less than forty vacant congregations at present under the care 
of this Synod, besides many more which are incapable at present to support ministers \ 
and the whole colony of North Carolina, where numerous congregations of Presbyterians 
are forming, and where there is not one Presbyterian minister settled. 

The great nnmber of vacancies in the bounds of this Synod, is owing, partly, to the 
new settlements lately made in various parts of this continent, partly to the death of 
sundry ministers belonging to this Synod, but principally to the small number of youth 
educated for the ministry, so vastly disproportionate to the numerous vacancies; and un- 
less some effectual measures can be taken for the education of proper persons for the 
sacred character, the churches of Christ in these parts must continue in the most desti- 
tute circumstances, wandering shepherdless and forlorn through this wilderness, thou- 
sands perishing for lack of knowledge, the children of God hungry and unfed, and the 
rising age growing up in a state little better than that of heathenism, with regard to the 
public ministrations of the gospel. 

The numerous inconveniences of a private, and the many important advantages of a 
public education are so evident, that we need not inform this venerable assembly of them, 
who cannot but be sensible from happy experience, of the many extensive benefits of 
convenient colleges. 

The difficulty, (and in some cases impossibility,) of sending youth two, three, four, or 
five hundred miles or more, to the colleges in New England, is also evident at first sight. 
Now it is from the college of New Jersey only, that we can expect a remedy of these 
inconveniences ; it is to that your petitioners look for the increase of their number ; it 
is on that the Presbyterian churches, through the six colonies above mentioned, princi- 
pally depend for a supply of accomplished ministers ; from that has been obtained consid- 
erable relief already, notwithstanding the many disadvantages that unavoidably attend 
it in its present infant state; and from thai may be expected a sufficient supply when 
brought to maturity. 

Your petitioners, therefore, most earnestly pray, that this very reverend Assembly 
would afford the said college all the countenance and assistance in their power. The 
young daughter of the Church of ScotlarV ' -lpless and exposed in this foreign land, cries 
to her tender and powerful mother for reX __ The cries of ministers oppressed with la- 
bours, and of congregations famishing forSvant of the sincere milk of the word, implore 
assistance. And were the poor Indian savages sensible of their own case, they would join 
in the cry, and beg for more missionaries to be sent to propagate the religion of Jesus 
among them. 

Now as the college of New Jersey appears the most promising expedient to redress 
these grievances, and to promote religion and learning in these provinces, your petition- 
ers most heartily concur with the trustees, and humbly pray, that an act may be passed 
by this venerable and honourable Assembly, for a national collection in favour of said 
college. And your petitioners as in duty bound shall ever pray, >!tc. 

* A copy of the certificate for Messrs. Gilbert Tennent and Samuel Davies. 

The Rev. Messrs. Gilbert Tennent and Samuel Davies, the bearers hereof, undertaking 
i voyage to Europe, by the appointment of this Synod, in concurrence with the trustees 



SYNOD OF NEW YORK. 257 

Upon a representation made to the Synod, of the illegal restraints the Pro- 
testant dissenters lie under in Virginia, as to their religious liberties, Messrs. 
James Davenport and John Rogers, were appointed to draw up a recommen- 
dation of the affair, and a certificate for Messrs. Samuel Davies and John Todd, 
members of our body living in that colony, which being done was read and 
approved.* 

Adjourned to Thursday the day after the commencement next September, 
and then to meet at Newark. Concluded with prayer. 

The Synod met according to adjournment. 

Newark, September 26th, 1754. Ubi post preces sederunt , 

Ministers of New York Presbytery: Messrs. John Pierson, Simon Horton, 
Aaron Burr, Timothy Jones, David Bostwick, Caleb Smith, John Brainerd, 
Daniel Thane, Azariah Horton, Jacob Green, Aaron Richards, Enos Ayres, 
John MofTet, John Smith, Robert Henry, Alexander Cummins. 

Suffolk Presbytery: Messrs. Ebenezer Prime, Samuel Sacket. 

New Brunswick Presbytery: Messrs. William Tennent, James Davenport, 
James McCrea, Thomas I^ewis, Israel Read, Samuel Kennedy. 

Abington Presbytery : Messrs. Andrew Hunter, Charles Beatty, Richard 
Treat, Benjamin Chesnut, Nehemiah Greenman, Henry Martin. 

New Castle Presbytery: Messrs. Samuel Finly, John Blair, John Rogers, 
Robert Smith. 

Elders: Messrs. Caleb Baldwin, Joseph Prudden, Timothy Whitehead, 
Samuel Lumb, Jonathan Sayres, Jonah Halstead, David Ray, Ephraim Lock- 
art, Thorny Coon, Brice Rickey, Abraham Reeves, David Fulton, Abram 
Slack, Wilham Buchanan. 

Ministers absent: Messrs. Silas Leonard, Jonathan Elmore, Chancey Gra- 
ham, Timothy Allen, Elihu Spencer, John Maltby, Samuel Bewel, James 
Brown, Silvanus White, Joseph Park, Naphtali Dagget, Eliphalet Ball, Alex- 
ander Craighead, Charles Tennent, James Campbel, John Roan, Samuel Da- 
vies, Andrew Stirling, Andrew Bay, Hugh Henry, John Todd, James Finly, 
John Brown, John Right, Gilbert Tennent, Daniel Lawrence, Charles 
McKnight, Job Prudden, Samuel Harker, Conradus Worts, Evander Mor- 
rison. 

The Synod was opened by a sermon on 2 Cor. x. 4, preached by Mr. 
Finly, the last year's moderator. 



of the college of New Jersey, for the service of said college ; the Synod do hereby cer- 
tify, that the above reverend gentlemen are worthy and well approved members of their 
body, and do recommend them to the acceptance of the church of God, and the work of 
their mission, wheresoever Divine Providence may call them, imploring the Divine Pre- 
sence with them and success to their important undertaking. 

Signed by order of the Synod. 

* A copy of the representation and certificate. 

Whereas, the Protestant dissenters of the Presbyterian denomination in the colony of 
Virginia lie under some restraints, particularly with regard to the number of their meet- 
ing-houses, which is not at all equal to what their circumstances require, though they 
have taken all legal measures to have a sufficient number registered according to the act 
of toleration. And whereas, the Rev. Mr. Samuel Davies has been appointed to take a 
voyage to Great Britain in behalf of the college of New Jersey, and may have an oppor- 
tunity of using proper means to procure a redress of said grievance, this Synod do hum- 
bly and earnestly request the concurrence and assistance of their friends there, for the 
relief of an helpless and oppressed people in a point of so great consequence, in which 
their religious liberties are so nearly concerned. 

We do therefore cheerfully recommend the said Mr. Davies, who is settled in Virginia, 
and the Rev. Mr. John Todd, his colleague, as regular and worthy members of their body, 
zealously and prudently engaged in advancing the Redeemer's kingdom. 
22* 



258 



MINUTES OF THE 



Mr. Davenport was chosen moderator, Mr. Beatty clerk. 
Mr. Eliab Byram has been removed by death since our last Synod. 
Adjourned till half an hour after two of the clock, post meridiem. 
Concluded with prayer. 

Eodern Die, half an hour after two of the clock, P. M. Post preces sede- 
runt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last Synod be read. 

The Rev. Mr. Pemberton is removed out of the bounds of this Synod since 
our last. 

The reasons given by Messrs. Pierson, Simon Horton, Burr, John Smith, 
Green, Richards, Caleb Smith, Ayres, Cummins, Moffet, Thane, Prime, 
Sacket, McCrea, Blair, and Robert Henry, for their absence the last Synod 
were sustained. 

Messrs. Pierson, Burr, Spencer, Bostwick, William and Charles Tennent, 
Treat, Rogers, Prime, James Brown, Azariah Horton, Finly, and the mode- 
rator, are appointed to be a commission of the Synod the year ensuing. 

Upon inquiry it was found that the Presbyteries have complied with the 
order of the Synod, with respect to collections for the college. 

The Presbytery books of New York and New Castle were brought to the 
Synod according to order, the others being forgot, are ordered to be brought 
the next Synod. 

Mr. Finly and Mr. Rogers are appointed to revise the Presbytery book of 
New York, and Mr. Bostwick and Mr. Jones the Presbyter}- book of New 
Castle, and make report thereof before the conclusion of this Synod. 

The clerk reported, that he complied with the order of the Synod, and de- 
livered their letter into the Synod of Philadelphia. 

A letter from the Synod of Philadelphia was brought in and read, the con- 
sideration whereof was deferred till the next sederunt. 

The clerk certified the Synod, that he had complied with their order, and 
gave copies of the plan of their first constitution to the persons who requested 
them. 

The committee appointed by our last Synod to go to New York, make re- 
port, that they complied with said appointment, and presented the minutes of 
their proceedings, which being read were approved and are as follows.* 

* The committee of the Synod met according to appointment. 

New York, October 24, 1753. 

Ministers present: Messrs. William Tennent, Aaron Burr. Charles Beatty, David Bos- 
wick, Elihu Spencer, Caleb Smith.. Elder : Mr. Samuel Kerr. 

Ministers Absent: Messrs. Richard Treat, Samuel Davies, and John Rogers. 

Mr. Tennent was chosen moderator., Mr. Bostwick clerk. 

Post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Adjourned to three of the clock, P. M. r and then to meet at the house of Mr. Pember- 
ton. Concluded with prayer. 

Three of the clock, P. M. Post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered that the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

Several members of the Presbyterian congregation at New York T laid before the com- 
mittee a remonstrance, containing sundry articles of grievance which they labour under 
from the past and present management of their ecclesiastical affairs. The committee 
having distinctly and impartially considered the several articles of complaint, came to the 
following conclusions, viz : 

1. As to the two first articles complaining of the neglect of ministerial visits, and ex- 
amining into the lives and conversations of the people, it appears bv the representation 
made by Mr. Pemberton, that he has made conscience of his duty in these respects, 
though of late he has, by reason of the divisions subsisting among "his people, desisted 



SYNOD OF NEW YORK. 259 

The appointments of the last Synod, with respect to supplying Philadel- 
phia, were well fulfilled. And also those for Hanover, except Mr. Brainerd 
and Mr. Bay, whose reasons for omission were sustained. 

from it ; we therefore earnestly recommend his persisting in that important part of his 
ministerial labours, and that he be not discouraged by any disagreeable appearances 
among them. 

2. As to the third article against the session concerning the new version of the psalms, 
the committee cannot think it regular for the ministers and elders to introduce a new 
version, without the express consent and approbation of the majority of the congrega- 
tion; yet since Dr. Watts's version is introduced in this church, and is well adapted for 
Christian worship, and received by many Presbyterian congregations, both in America 
and Great Britain, they cannot but judge it best for the well being of the congregation 
under their present circumstances, that they should be continued. 

3. As to the fourth article complaining of the neglect of the Westminster Confession, and 
not recommending of it in baptism, the committee conceive that the vote of the Synod, 
as to the latter, is sufficient ; and Mr. Pemberton's declaring his high approbation of said 
Confession, and public teaching the Westminster Catechisms, ought to be satisfying 
to all. 

4. As to praying at the burial of the dead, since it is not practised but at the request 
of those concerned, and all are left at their liberty to request it or not; the committee 
think it no just matter of offence, especially as it is frequently practised by the Presby- 
terian ministers in this country, and the reasons for which the General Assembly, (in the 
early times of reformation from popery,) prohibited it, are now evidently ceased. 

5. As to the singing anthems, &c, though the committee cannot disapprove of them at 
proper seasons, yet lest it should tend to take off the minds of persons from the important 
things they have heard in the house of God, and as it seems matter of conscience to 
some, the committee judge it advisable to forbear the practice on the Lord's day. 

6. As to the article complaining of injurious and contemptuous treatment; the com- 
mittee are much grieved to find that there has been so much of it on both sides, during 
the unhappy disputes that have subsisted among ihem, and do earnestly recommend mu- 
tual forgiveness, forbearance, and moderation towards one another, as the most likely 
method to promote peace and unanimity among them. 

Adjourned till to-morrow at eleven of the clock. Concluded with prayer. 

25th day, at eleven of the clock, A. M. Post preces sederunt qui supra. 

The Rev. Messrs. Pemberton and dimming requested a dismission from their pastoral 
relation to this church. Mr. Pemberton offered as his reasons, the unhappy divisions 
subsisting among the people, the appearances of some dissatisfaction with him, and the 
little prospect of success in his ministerial labours. Mr. Cumming offered, that his low 
state of health would not allow him to go on with his work in the present divided and 
confused state of the congregation. The committee proposed to the people whether they 
had any thing to object against the dismission of their ministers. A number of gentle- 
men in the behalf of others, strongly remonstrated against Mr. Pemberton's dismission, 
as endangering the peace of the congregation. The committee do judge the continuance 
of Mr. Pemberton, under the present circumstances of the congregation, to be necessary, 
and are in hopes that the present confusion in the congregation, and seeming dissatisfac- 
tion of some that hinder the success of his labours, will be removed. But at Mr. Pem- 
berton's earnest request, the committee, (being sensible of the many special difficulties 
he labours under,) allow him a month's time of trial, and if upon a faithful endeavour to 
heal the divisions and serve the interest of Christ's kingdom among them, he finds all his 
attempts vain, and still continues his desire of a dismission, they judge it best he should 
be left at liberty to remove from or abide with them, as he shall think most consistent 
with his duty. 

As to Mr. Cumming, since no reasons have been offered to the committee against his 
dismission, the committee do judge from what has appeared to them, and for the reasons 
urged by him, that his pastoral relation to the Presbyterian congregation in New York 
should be dissolved, and it is hereby dissolved accordingly. It is with pleasure the com- 
mittee observe that there has been no objections against Mr. Cumming's moral conduct 
or ministerial labours; they do, therefore, freely recommend him, (if God shall please to 
restore his health,) to any Christian congregation where Divine Providence may call him, 
as a man of eminent ministerial gifts and abilities, and one whom they think in many 
respects fitted for special service in the church of Christ. And the committee do recom- 
mend it to the congregation as their indispensable duty, that they make up all the arrears 
of salary they promised to give to Mr. Cumming. Concluded with prayer. 



260 



MINUTES OF THE 



Mr. Sacket has leave to go home, as also hath Mr. Green. 
Adjourned till eight of the clock, to-morrow morning. 
Concluded with prayer. 



21th day, at eight of the clock, A. M. Post preces sederunt qui supra. 

(Excepting Mr. Sacket.) 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

The committee appointed to revise the Presbytery books are not prepared 
to give in their report, and are ordered to be ready against the next sederunt 
if they can. 

Mr. Ross, a minister from New England being present, was desired to sit 
as correspondent. 

The letter from the Synod of Philadelphia, respecting our union with them, 
was taken into consideration, and in compliance with their desire therein ex- 
pressed, the Synod appoint Messrs. Aaron Burr, David Bos t wick, William 
Tennent, Richard Treat, Samuel Finly, and John Blair, to be a committee to 
attend the next session of the Synod of Philadelphia, in order to confer with 
them about said union, in which they are to conclude nothing inconsistent with 
our former proposals. 

Upon the request of some members of the congregation of New York, the 
Synod do appoint Messrs. Finly and Blair to supply the said congregation the 
next Sabbath. 

Messrs. Simon Horton and Richards are absent without leave. 

A letter from Hanover in Virginia, requesting further supplies until their 
pastor returns, was laid before the Synod, in answer to which the Synod ap- 
points Mr. Greenman to supply them from the fourth Sabbath of November 
until and including the last Sabbath of February next, and recommend it to 
the Presbytery of New Castle, to supply said congregation the preceding and 
remaining time. 

And the Synod doth appoint Mr. Clark, a candidate in the Presbytery of 
New York, to supply Mr. Greenman's congregation from the time of his first 
absence unto the last Sabbath of January. 

Application was also made to the Synod in behalf of Mr. Gilbert Tennenfs 
congregation in Philadelphia, for supplies until their pastor returns from Great 
Britain; in compliance with which the Synod appoint Mr. Prime to supply 
the four Sabbaths in November next; Mr. Blair the first four Sabbaths in 
December; Mr. Treat the last in December and three first in January: Mr. 
Rogers the last in January and three first in February; Mr. William Tennent 
the last in February and three first in March; Mr. Davenport the two last in 
March, and two first in June ; Mr. Bewel the four Sabbaths in April : Mr. 
Burr the four Sabbaths in May ; Mr. Finly the last two in June and two first 
in July; Mr. John Smith the three last in July and first in August; Mr. Jones 
the three last in August and first in September; Mr. Spencer the four last in 
September. And in case any of these members fail, it is recommended to the 
several Presbyteries to which they respectively belong, to take proper care 
that others be sent in their room. 

The Synod taking into consideration the destitute condition of Virginia and 
North Carolina, as it hath been represented unto them, do appoint Messrs. 
Beatty, Bostwick, Lewis, and Thane, each of them to make a visit to those 
parts for the space of three months, and the seasons to be agreed upon by 
themselves. 

And in order to supply Mr. Beatty's congregation, the Svnod appoints Mr. 
Moffet to supply the month of November, (he concluding to set orF in the 
beginning of said month,) and Mr. Azariah Horton the four first Sabbaths of 



SYNOD OF NEW YORK. 261 

December. That Mr. Allen supply Mr. Lewis's congregation the month of 
January, and Mr. McCrea the month of February. 

Adjourned till half an hour after two of the clock, P. M. 

Concluded with prayer. 

Eodem Die, half an hour after two o'clock, P. M. Post preces sederunt 
qui supra, 

Together with Mr. Allen, whose absence hitherto is excused. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

The Presbytery book of New York being revised was approved. 

The supplying Mr. Thane's congregation during his journey to Virginia, 
&c. is recommended to the Presbytery of New York, as they shall judge 
needful. 

With respect unto Mr. Bostwick's congregation, the Synod appoint Mr. 
Cumming to supply it three Sabbaths during his absence, and Mr. Simon 
Horton three Sabbaths, Mr. Dagget two Sabbaths, and Mr. Park two Sab- 
baths. 

The Synod also appoint the Presbytery of Suffolk to supply Mr. Bewel's 
congregation during the time he supplies in Philadelphia. 

The Synod do agree, that hereafter there shall be a committee of overtures 
appointed at the beginning of the Synod, and that all new business shall first 
be laid before said committee, in order by them to be laid before the Synod. 

Pursuant to the order of the last Synod for a collection by the several minis- 
ters of their body, the following members brought their collections, viz. 
Messrs. Burr, Jones, Bostwick, Thane, Azariah Horton, Davenport, William 
Tennent, Lewis, Read, Kennedy, Hunter, Beatty, Treat, Robert Henry, 
Greenman, Finly, Blair, Rogers, and Robert Smith, all which amounted to 
nine pounds, sixteen shillings, and nine pence, provincial currency, and was 
committed into the hands of Mr. Treat, as their treasurer. 

Adjourned to the first of October, to meet at Philadelphia. 

Concluded with prayer. 

The Synod met according to adjournment, 

Philadelphia, October ist, 1755. Ubi post preces sederunt, 

Ministers of New York Presbytery: Messrs. Aaron Burr, Azariah Hor- 
ton, Elihu Spencer, Jacob Green, John Brainerd. 

Elders: Samuel Lum, Joseph Ogden, Joseph Tuttle. 

Ministers absent: Messrs. John Pierson, Timothy Jones, Simon Horton, 
Timothy Allen, David Bostwick, Caleb Smith, Aaron Richards, Alexander 
Cummins, Chancey Graham, Jonathan Elmore, Enos Ayers, John Moffet, 
John Smith, Daniel Thane, John Maltby, Hugh Knox. 

Ministers of New Brunswick Presbytery: Messrs. James McCrea, James 
Davenport, Charles McKnight, Thomas Lewis, Israel Read, Samuel Harker, 
Samuel Kennedy. 

Elders : John Adams, Gilbert Hendrickson, Robert Moore, George War- 
ner, Thomas Coone. 

Ministers absent: Messrs. William Tennent, Job Prudden, Conradus 
Worts. 

Suffolk Presbytery: All absent. 

Abington Presbytery, ministers : Messrs. Gilbert Tennent, Richard Treat, 
Andrew Hunter, Daniel Lawrence, Benjamin Chesnut, Charles Beatty. 

Elders: Thomas Bourn, William Adams, Thomas Francis, Isaac Mills, 
John Wigton. 

Ministers absent: Messrs. Nehemiah Greenman, Henry Marten. 

New Castle Presbytery, ministers: Messrs. Evander Morrison, James 



262 MINUTES OF THE 

Campbell, Samuel Finly, Samuel Davies, John Roan, Andrew Bay, John 
Rodgers, James Finly, John Hogge, John Blair, Robert Smith. 

Elders: John Kirkpatrick, Philip Daires, William Bell, John Withrow, 
David Stewart, Benjamin Blyth, Charles Vance, Thomas Sharp, William 
McCrea. 

Ministers absent: Messrs. Charles Tennent, Alexander Craighead, Andrew 
Sterling, Hugh Henry, Robert Henry, John Brown, John Wright, John 
Todd. 

The Synod was opened by a sermon from 2 Cor. iv. 1, preached by Mr. 
Davenport, the last year's moderator. 

Mr. Burr is chosen moderator for the ensuing year, Mr. Davies clerk. 

Mr. Edwards is desired to sit with this Synod as correspondent. 

The reasons of the absence from last Synod, of the Rev. Messrs. Spencer, 
Campbell, Roan, Davies, Bay Todd, James Finly, Gilbert Tennent, John 
Wright, Lawrence, McKnight, Harker, and Morrison, are sustained. 

The reasons of absence from this Synod, of Messrs. Pierson, William 
Tennent, Greenman, Todd, Bostwick, Jones, Smith, Richards, and Simon 
Horton, being related by some members present, are sustained. 

Messrs. Pierson, Spencer, Bostwick, Gilbert, William and Charles Ten- 
nent, Treat, Davenport, Rogers, Prime, Brown, Azariah Horton, Samuel 
Finly, and the moderator, are appointed to be a commission of the Synod for 
the year ensuing. 

The Synod finding there is but one Presbytery book present, it is ordered 
that all the books be brought by each Presbytery at the meeting of the next 
Synod. 

The committee appointed to attend upon the Synod of Philadelphia, to con- 
fer with them upon the head of the union, do make report, that they complied 
with said appointment, and after conference had with a committee of that 
Synod upon that head, and after hearing several things offered in relation 
thereto, desired that Synod to send their proposals in writing to this Synod to 
be considered at their next meeting. 

Mr. Simon Horton' s reason for absence from the last Synod without leave, 
is sustained. 

Mr. Greenman's appointment to supply Hanover was complied with ; as 
also the supplies appointed for Philadelphia, till Mr. Tennent's return from 
Great Britain. 

_ Messrs. Beatty and Thane have fulfilled their appointments to go to Vir- 
ginia and Carolina; and Mr. Lewis's reasons for non-compliance, are sus- 
tained. 

Mr. Azariah Horton supplies Mr. Beatty's congregation in his absence, 
according to appointment. 

As Mr. Moffet did not comply with the appointment of Synod in his sup- 
plies, the Synod order the Presbytery of New York to inquire into the rea- 
sons of his omission. 

Messrs. Blair, Azariah Horton, Rogers, Davenport, Morrison. Beatty, and 
Davies, are appointed a committee of overtures, and for any other business 
the Synod shall recommend unto them, and that they meet to-morrow morn- 
ing, at eight of the clock, and Mr. Davies moderator". 

Adjourned till to-morrow morning at nine of the clock. 

Concluded with prayer. 

2d day. Nine of the clock, A. 31. Post preces, sederunt qui supra. 
Messrs. Marten, Read, Charles Tennent, and Worts, are come, and the 
reasons of their absence yesterday are sustained. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 



SYNOD OF NEW YORK. 263 

A reference was brought into the Synod by the Presbytery of New York, 
concerning the removal of Mr. Bostwick from Jamaica, by a call from the 
Presbyterian congregation in New York, and the settling the order and disci- 
pline of said church, which, after reading several papers, and hearing what 
was offered in relation thereto, was deferred till the next sederunt, for further 
consideration. 

Application being made to the Synod from the trustees of New Jersey col- 
lege, for a general collection in all their congregations for the use of said col- 
lege, the Synod do recommend it to their several Presbyteries, to take such 
measures as they judge proper to make collections in the congregations with- 
in their respective bounds, for the use of the college of New Jersey, betwixt 
this and the next Synod, and send such collections by some proper hand to 
the Synod. 

Adjourned till four of the clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

Four of the clock, P. M. Post preces, sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

The affair of New York reassumed, but for want of time to go through 
with it, it is referred to the next sederunt. 

Upon sundry petitions from various parts of North Carolina, setting forth 
their distressing circumstances for want of a preached gospel among them, 
and requesting help from this Synod, Messrs. Brainerd and Spencer are ap- 
pointed to take a journey thither before winter, and supply the vacant congre- 
gations there, and in parts adjacent, for six months, or as long as they shall 
think necessary; and the appointment of supplies for Mr. Spencer's congre- 
gation is referred till to-morrow. 

Adjourned till to-morrow morning, at half an hour after eight of the clock. 

Concluded with prayer. 

3d day. Half an hour after eight of the clock, A. M. Post preces sede- 
runt qui supra, 

Except the Rev. Messrs. Burr, Brainerd, McKnight, and Lawrence, who 
were permitted to go away. 

The moderator being gone, Mr. Treat w r as desired to take his place at this 
season. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

A petition was brought into the Synod setting forth the necessity of erect- 
ing a new Presbytery in Virginia, the Synod therefore appoint the Rev. 
Samuel Davies, John Todd, Alexander Craighead, Robert Henry, John 
Wright, and John Brown, to be a Presbytery, under the name of the Presby- 
tery of Hanover, and that their first meeting shall be in Hanover, on the first 
Wednesday of December next, and that Mr. Davies open said meeting by a 
sermon; and that any of their members settling to the southward and west- 
ward of Mr. Hogge's congregation, shall have liberty to join said Presbytery 
of Hanover. 

The affair from New York reassumed, and as there was not time to finish 
it, it is referred till the afternoon. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

Three of the clock, P. M. Post preces, sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

The affair from New York reassumed, and the Synod having fully heard 
and discussed said affair, do appoint Messrs. Spencer, Samuel Finly, and the 
clerk, to draw up the judgment of the Synod thereupon, against eight of the 
clock this evening. 

The Synod appoint Mr. Clark to take a journey into Virginia and North 



264 MINUTES OF THE 

Carolina, to supply the vacancies there for six months, betwixt this and next 
Synod, particularly at Rocky River and Sugar Creek, at the Hawfields, Enno, 
Uico, and Dan Rivers. 

A paper was presented to the Synod containing an account of sundry gene- 
rous and valuable donations from divers friends in England, for the education 
of pious, indigent youth, for the gospel ministry, which the Synod, in order 
to express their gratitude for, as well as for the security of the same for the 
purpose aforesaid, order to be recorded in their minutes, and are as follows. 

To the Reverend Synod of New York. 

The annual interest of the following donations was appropriated by the 
donors, for the education of such youth for the ministry of the gospel, in the 
College of New Jersey, as are unable to defray the expenses of their educa- 
tion, who appear, upon proper examination, to be of promising genius, Cal- 
vinistic principles, and in the judgment of charity, experimentally acquainted 
with a work of saving grace, and to have a distinguished zeal for the glory of 
God, and salvation of men. 
London. 

Mr. Samuel Savage, - 

Mrs. Rachel Spellerburg, - 

Mr. William Wetmore, - 

Robert Cruttenden, Esquire, ... 

Rev. Mr. Ziegenhagen, - 

Rev. Samuel Pike, - 

Rev. George Turnbull, - 

Mr. Joseph Williams, of Kidderminster, 

Mr. Austin, of ditto, - 

Mr. Joseph Field, - 

Mr. Cruttenden's Friend, - 

Mr. Henry Carrington, ... 

Mr. Carrington Bowles, - 

Mr. Dennis Debert, - 

Mr. James Cox, - 

Mr. William Fuller, 

Daniel Booth, Esquire, - 

Rev. Thomas Gibbons, and some of his friends, 

Rev. Thomas Hall, and some of his friends, - - 15 15 

Mr. Joseph Hartwel, - 

Mr. John Bowles, .... 

Mr. Furnell, .... 

Mr. Skinner, - 

Mr. Jonathan Eade, - 

Mr. Shirly Wolmer, .... 

Mr. James English, - 

The Independent Congregation in Ipswich, 

Rt Mr. Frost's Congregation in Yarmouth, - 

Rev. Mr. Davidson's Congregation in Braintre, 

Rev. Mr. Fosket in Bristol,* - 

Mr. Lunel in Dublin, - 

Rev. Mr. Ogilvie in New Castle, 

Sum total, £296 17 



£ 


5. 


a. 


- 10 


10 





50 








- 5 


5 





5 


5 





- 4 


4 





3 


3 





1 


1 





5 


5 





- 3 


12 





1 


1 





5 


5 





3 


3 





• 1 


1 





5 


5 





• 5 


5 





5 


5 





■ 5 


5 





12 


12 





- 15 


15 





2 


2 





■ 5 


5 





2 


2 





1 


1 





3 


3 





1 


1 





10 


10 





• 23 


9 





27 


5 


6 


- 46 








5 


5 





1 


1 





20 


10 


(3 



* The Rev. Mr. Fosket, the donor, expressly ordered, that his donation be applied to 
ProSante 011 ^ P1 ° US J0Uth ' ° f Calvinistic P™ci P le S , of every denomination of 



SYNOD OF NEW YORK. 265 

The above sum of two hundred and ninety-six pounds, seventeen shillings, 
sterling, being given in trust to us, the subscribers, with design that the annual 
interest thereof for ever be applied for the use aforesaid: We do, by virtue of 
said trust, put the said sum into the hands of the trustees of the College of 
New Jersey, in trust, to be applied to the education of such youth, of the cha- 
racter above mentioned, as shall be examined and approved of by the Synod 
of New York, (or by what name soever that body of men may be hereafter 
called,) and by them recommended to the trustees of said college, and to be 
divided among such youth in such proportion as said Synod shall think fit. 
Witness our hands, 

Gilbert Tennent, 
Samuel Davies. 
London, October 25th, 1754. 

November 1st, 1754. Received by the Rev. Mr. Pye, of Sheffield, the 
additional sum of ten pounds, seven shillings, and six pence, sterling, to be 
applied as above directed. 

Total three hundred and seven pounds, four shillings, and six pence, ster- 
ling. 

Gilbert Tennent, 
Samuel Davies. 

For the education of youth of the character aforesaid. 
Samuel Ruggles, Esquire, of Bocking, fifty pounds. 

The above sum of fifty pounds sterling, being given in trust to us, the sub- 
scribers, with design that the principal be applied as soor as occasion re- 
quireth, for the education of youth of the characters before described: We do, 
by virtue of said trust, put the said sum into the hands of said trustees, for 
the use, and under the direction of the Synod of New York, as aforesaid. 

Witness our hands, London, October 25, 1754. 

Gilbert Tennent, 
Samuel Davies. 

The Synod appoint that such youth as may be candidates for this benefac- 
tion, be examined by the Synod at their annual meeting. 

Mr. Gilbert Tennent reported to the Synod that he has lately received a 
bill for two hundred pounds sterling, generously given for the propagation of 
the gospel among the Indians, and to be under the direction of this Synod. 

The Synod do appoint the Rev. Messrs. Gilbert Tennent, Samuel Finly, 
Green, Spencer, and Davies, to draw up a plan for the application of the 
money contributed in Great Britain for the use of the Indians, and lay the 
same before the Synod, before the end of their present session. The same 
committee appointed to draw up certificates for those ministers who are ap- 
pointed to go to the southward. 

The Synod appoint the Presbytery of New York to draw up a certificate 
for Mr. Clark, being a candidate belonging unto them. 

The committee appointed to draw up the judgment of the Synod on the 
affair of New York, presented what they had written, which, with some 
amendments, was approved, and is as follows, viz. 

The Synod having heard and maturely considered the sundry complaints 
and requests of both parties from the Presbyterian congregation in New York, 
come to the following conclusions thereon. 

That though the Synod upon former inquiry did find that the trustees have 
faithfully discharged their trust, and are still of the same judgment, yet as 
there has been a mutual agreement between the trustees and those dissatis- 
fied with that constitution, that as soon as the debts of the church are paid, 
they should no longer be elected in their present form ; the Synod approve of 
23 



266 



MINUTES OF THE 



said agreement, and judge, that if the congregation think it expedient to have 
a committee for the management of their temporal concerns, the said com- 
mittee shall be chosen after that time, by the ministers, elders, and deacons, 
with consent of the congregation, and accountable to them for their conduct. 
And in order the more speedily to discharge the said debts, the Synod recom- 
mend it to the congregation to pay punctually, and as soon as possible, the 
pew rents that may be due. And that the affairs of the congregation may be 
carried on with greater regularity, the Synod also recommend it to them to 
choose a greater number of elders and deacons as soon as they conveniently 
can. 

That as there is a number of the congregation much dissatisfied with the 
constant use of Dr. Watts's version of the Psalms, and earnestly desirous that 
the Scotch version should be used, and as mutual forbearance and condescen- 
sion in such cases, is a duty which Christians owe to one another, and is ne- 
cessary to preserve the peace of sociefy, the Synod determine that the Scotch 
version be used equally with the other in the stated public worship on the 
Lord's days. 

That previously to the administration of baptism, the minister shall inquire 
into the parents' knowledge of the great and fundamental doctrines of the gos- 
pel, and the regularity of their life; and being satisfied so as to admit them, 
shall in public point out the special duties of the parents, and particularly, 
that they teach their children the doctrines and precepts of Christianity, con- 
tained in the Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments, and comprised in 
the Westminster Confession of Faith and Catechisms: which therefore he 
shall recommend unto them. 

That whereas complaint has been made of a number assuming the name of 
the Scotch Presbyterian Society, it shall be deemed irregular and censurable 
for any part of the congregation to form a party, and consider themselves as a 
society distinct from the rest of the congregation. 

That as to the removal of Mr. Bostwick, the congregation of Jamaica not 
being prepared to make a representation on this head, the Synod appoints the 
following members, viz. Messrs. Gilbert Tenncnt, Prime. William Tennent, 
Burr, Treat, Davenport, John Smith of Rye, MeCrea. Beatty, Hunter. Allen. 
Read, Buel, Sacket, Brown, Lewis, and Rodders, to be their committee, to 
meet at Jamaica, on the 29th of this instant October, to determine that affair, 
and any other matters relative to it, that may come before them. 

Adjourned till nine of the clock to-morrow morning. Concluded with praver. 

4th day, at nine of the clock, d. 31. Post preces, sederunt qui supra, 

Except Messrs. Lewis, Campbell, and Hogge, who have obtained leave to 
go home. 

Ordered, The minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

The Synod recommend it to all the members, excepting such who live so 
near the place of meeting that they can go to their congregations after twelve 
of the clock on Saturday, and return again by ten of die clock on Mondav, 
that they do not make any appointments to preach on the Lord's dav follow- 
ing the Synod, or so pre-engage themselves as to be obliged to return before 
the conclusion of the Synod, in any time coming. 

A letter from the Synod of Philadelphia, concerning an union with this 
Synod, was read, [See page 216,] and after much debate and consultation 
had upon it, it was referred to a committee to draw up an answer against next 
Monday morning, at ten of the clock, and that those members thaf remain in 
town this afternoon be a committee for that purpose. 

Adjourned till Monday morning, at ten of the clock. 

Concluded with prayer. 



SYNOD OF NEW YORK. 267 

October 6, ten of the clock, Jl. M. Post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

In order to supply the congregations of those ministers, who are to go to 
the southward, the Synod appoint the Presbyteries of New Brunswick and 
Abington to supply within the bounds of the New York Presbytery each four 
Sabbaths. And that the Presbytery of Suffolk supply either New York or 
Jamaica, as need shall be, each member two Sabbaths. 

As the present critical and alarming situation of the country, requires par- 
ticular applications to heaven, the Synod recommend it to all the Presbyteries 
to appoint a day, when they think proper, to be religiously observed, either 
in thanksgiving or humiliation, as the posture of affairs may then require. 

Mr. Charles Tennent is appointed to preach in Philadelphia the first Sab- 
bath in November, in the room of Mr. Gilbert Tennent, who is to be from 
home on the appointment to Jamaica. 

The committee appointed to draw up an answer to the minute of Philadel- 
phia Synod, make report, that they have not been able yet to complete it, but 
expect to be ready against the next sederunt. 

Adjourned till three of the clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

Three of the clock, P. M. Post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

The committee brought in their answer to the Synod of Philadelphia, which 
was carefully examined, but there not being time to finish it, the further con- 
sideration of it is referred till to-morrow. 

The following ministers, viz: Messrs. Burr, Charles Tennent, Rogers, 
Robert Smith, Davies, Azariah Horton, Davenport, Hunter, McKnight, and 
Kennedy, brought collections into the Synod, in all amounting to five pounds 
four shillings provincial, and it is committed to Mr. Treat their treasurer. 

Adjourned till nine of the clock, to-morrow morning. 

Concluded with prayer. 

1th day, at nine of the clock, Jl. M. Post preces, sederunt qui supra. 

(Except Messrs. Roan, Smith, and James Finly, and Charles Vance, who 
had leave to go away.) 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

The answer to the Synod of Philadelphia was again taken under considera- 
tion, together with a plan of proposals for an union, and Messrs. Samuel Finly 
and Blair are appointed to finish the plan and bring it in at the next sederunt. 

Adjourned till three x>f the clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

Eodem Die, three of the clock, P. M. Post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

Messrs. Finly and Blair brought in their answer to the Synod of Philadel- 
phia, and a plan of union, which was read and approved, and is as follows: 

A copy of a minute of Philadelphia Synod at their convention in May last, 
relating to the proposals of union between the two Synods, was brought in and 
read. In which they propose, that in order to an union, " all past complaints 
and differences should be mutually forgiven and buried in perpetual oblivion ; 
that the Synods should unite as two contiguous bodies of Christians, agreed in 
principle, as though they had never been concerned with one another before, 
nor had any differences; and now join the Synods and Presbyteries upon 
such Scriptural and rational terms, as may secure peace and good order, tend 
to heal our broken churches, and advance religion hereafter." On this we 
beg leave to observe, that it was agreed unanimously, by the commissions of 



2G8 MINUTES OF THE 

both Synods at Trenton, that both sides should be particular, in proposing 
whatever they thought necessary^ in order to union, and as some things which 
we judged to be "Scriptural and rational" terms, our circumstances consi- 
dered, have not been consented to by the Synod of Philadelphia, we would 
have been glad, had they descended to those particulars, that we might have 
been now able to judge, whether there be grounds to expect satisfaction con- 
cerning them ; particularly our proposals concerning the continuance of Pres- 
byteries and congregations as they now stand, and the terms of ministerial 
communion mentioned in the year 1749, at Maidenhead, second and third 
articles, and article second at Newark, anno 1750, and first article anno 1751, 
w r hich last we esteem to be always Scriptural and rational terms. 

We readily agree, that " it is the command of Christ, and a necessary duty 
in the present imperfect state, to forgive injuries and offences, and that peace 
among Christians cannot otherwise be preserved;" and we can assure our 
brethren of Philadelphia Synod, that our insisting on certain preliminaries, did 
not proceed, so far as we know ourselves, from humour or resentment, but 
from an apprehending them necessary to preserve and promote the public 
interests of religion amongst us; and so did not consider them with reference 
to personal injuries, which it is in our power and would be our duty to for- 
give. And though some of our members desire leave to declare, that " they 
think themselves greatly injured and offended in many instances," particu- 
larly in being charged in the protest, as the reasons of entering it, with seve- 
ral grievous crimes, which they constantly declare were not fact, " yet for the 
sake of peace and the good of the church," they profess themselves willing to 
forgive such offences, so far as they are personal. 

We also agree, that " any member or members being aggrieved, and ob- 
taining no satisfying redress, even in the highest judicature, have a right to 
protest and to require the same to be recorded. And as the judicature may 
not refuse members this privilege, so neither can they disannul or withdraw 
such protestation. The protesters themselves only can do this." And we 
must own, that our insisting on the Synod's disannulling the protestation made 
in 1741, could have no propriety but from our apprehension that the Synod 
of Philadelphia, as a Synod, had approved and adopted said protestation. 
A.nd consequently, if our brethren should declare, that in their Synodical capa- 
city they do not adopt it, this will remove the ground of our insisting any 
further on this point with the Synod. 

Further, we assure our brethren, that in meeting sometimes at Philadelphia, 
we neither did nor do design any opposition to their Synod. The only reason 
is, the ease of many members who are far distant to the southward and west- 
ward of Philadelphia, and on that account cannot, without almost insupporta- 
ble difficulty, duly attend Synodical conventions, which, we hope, will be a 
satisfying reason for our conduct in this particular. 

We " apprehend, with our bethren, that peace and union are of the utmost 
importance in the church of Christ," and are heartily willing to come into a 
coalition upon " such Scriptural and rational terms, as may secure peace and 
good order, heal our broken churches, and advance religion hereafter;" nor 
do we insist on particulars with any other view, than that the proposed union 
might effectually answer such valuable and important ends. 

Finally, as the protestation made in 1741, appears to be a principal obstruc- 
tion to the union of both Synods, which nothing hitherto offered has been 
able to remove, and as a great part .of the present members of both Svnods 
are such as were not directly active nor immediatelv concerned in that pro- 
testation ; and as the present minute of the Svnod of Philadelphia seems to 
distinguish between the protesters and the Synod, and so aive us ground to 
expect that they will satisfy us by declaring, that they do not Svnodieallv 



SYNOD OF NEW YORK. 269 

adopt said protestation. Upon their doing of which, we propose the following 
expedient for the entire removal of the aforesaid obstacle, to wit: That both 
Synods unite upon the terms mentioned by this Synod in their particular pro- 
posals made in the years referred to above, that one article respecting the pro- 
testation excepted. That the Synod, thus composed of both bodies, shall, 
immediately after being constituted, proceed to hear and determine the differ- 
ences between the protesters and those protested against, if needful. 

The Synod appoint their clerk to transcribe the above answer and plan, and 
send it in to the Synod of Philadelphia at their next meeting. 

The committee appointed to draw up a plan for the application of the money 
generously given for the propagation of the gospel among the Indians, report 
that the donor of the before-mentioned money, directs it to be put into the 
hands of the trustees of the college of New Jersey and their successors in trust, 
for the uses and purposes hereafter mentioned, viz : " Either towards the sup- 
port of a pious and well qualified missionary in preaching the gospel among 
the Indians in North America, or the supporting of a pious and well qualified 
schoolmaster in teaching the Indians the English language, and the principles 
of natural and revealed religion ; or for maintaining a pious and well qualified 
Indian youth at the college of New Jersey, while prosecuting his studies there, 
in order to his instructing his countrymen in the English language and the 
Christian religion, or preaching the gospel to them ; or for maintaining a pious 
and well qualified youth of English or Scotch extract, at that college, during 
his preparatory studies for teaching or preaching the gospel among the In- 
dians, in case an Indian youth of suitable qualifications, cannot at some parti- 
cular time be obtained. With this express limitation, namely, that the Synod 
of New York, (or by whatever name that body shall, in time coming, be 
called,) shall direct and determine, to which of the uses before mentioned, the 
yearly interest of the aforesaid principal sum, shall be from time to time ap- 
plied; and which of the candidates for that particular use shall be preferred; 
and how the overplus above what may reasonably answer the particular use 
at any time pitched on, (if any such overplus be,) shall be employed as in 
providing Bibles or other good books, conducive to promote the general de- 
sign." 

The Synod agree to follow the directions of the generous donor, and to 
apply the donation for the purpose intended as soon as possible. 

It being proposed to form a fund for the use of ministers' widows and 
orphans, the Synod appoint Messrs. Gilbert Tennent, and Burr, to procure 
plans against the next Synod ; and they recommend it to their members to use 
proper means in the interim, to make ministers and people, sensible of its ne- 
cessity and importance; and that they come prepared to contribute to it at the 
next meeting. 

Adjourned to the day after the next commencement at Newark. 

Concluded with prayer. 

The Synod met according to adjournment. 

Newark, September 30, 1756. Ubi post preces sederunt, 

Ministers of Suffolk Presbytery: Messrs. Ebenezer Prime, Samuel Bewel. 
James Brown, Samuel Sacket, Eliphalet Ball. 

Ministers of New York Presbytery: Messrs. John Pierson, Aaron Burr, 
Simon Horton, Azariah Horton, John Brainerd, Timothy Allen, John Smith, 
Jacob Green, David Bostwick, Elihu Spencer, Timothy Jones, Daniel Thane, 
Aaron Richards, Nathaniel Whitaker. 

Ministers of New Brunswick Presbytery : Messrs. William Tennent, James 
Davenport, James McCrea, Charles McKnight, Thomas Lewis, Samuel Ken- 
nedy, Benjamin Hait. 
23* 



27Q MINUTES OF THE 

Ministers of Abington Presbytery: Messrs. Richard Treat, Andrew Hun- 
ter, Charles Beatty, Daniel Lawrence, Henry Marten. 

Ministers of New Castle Presbytery : Messrs. Samuel Fmly, John Blair, 
John Rodgers. 

Ministers of Hanover Presbytery: Messrs. John Todd, John Wright. 
Elders: Gideon Hedges, Elnathan Cory, Joseph Ogden, Joseph Prudden, 
Timothy Whitehead, Isaac Praul, Robert Cummins, Gilbert Hendrickson, 
Samuel Brown, Abram Larieu, Philip Wynkoop, Robert Givings, Ezra 
Carey. 

Ministers absent, of Suffolk Presbytery : Messrs. Silvanus White, Benja- 
min Talmage, Abner Reeves. 

Of New York Presbytery : Messrs. Enos Ayres, Chancy Graham, Jonn 
Moffett, Jonathan Elmore, Hugh Knox, John Maltby, Caleb Smith, Alexan- 
der Cummins. 

Of New Brunswick Presbytery: Messrs. Israel Read, Samuel Harker, Job 
Prudden, Conradus Worts. 

Of Abington Presbytery: Messrs. Gilbert Tennent, Benjamin Chesnutt, 
Nehemiah Greenman. 

Of New Castle Presbytery: Messrs. Charles Tennent, James Campbell, 
John Roan, Andrew Bay, John Hogg, Robert Smith, Andrew Sterling, James 
Finly, Evander Morrison, Moses Turtle, Hugh Henry, John Harris. 

Of Hanover Presbytery: Messrs. Samuel Davies," Alexander Craighead, 
Robert Henry, John Brown. 

The Synod was opened by a sermon preached by Mr. Burr, the last year's 
moderator, on Isaiah xxi. 11, 12. 

Mr. William Tennent was chosen moderator for the year ensuing, Mr. 
Treat clerk. 

Ordered, To begin in reading the minutes of the last Synod. 
Mr. Light, an approved minister of the Dutch Church, being present, is de- 
sired to sit with this Synod as correspondent. 

Adjourned to half an hour after two of the clock, P. M. 
Concluded with prayer. 

Half an hour after two of the clock, P. 31. Post preces sederunt qui 
supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

Ordered, To proceed in reading the minutes of last Synod. 

The reasons offered for the absence of Messrs. John Todd, John Smith, 
Hugh Knox, Daniel Thane, and John Maltby, the last Synod, are sustained. 

Messrs. John Pierson, Elihu Spencer, David Bostwick, Gilbert Tennent, 
Charles Tennent, Richard Treat, James Davenport, John Rodgers. Aaron 
Burr, Ebenezer Prime, James Brown, Azariah Horton, Samuel Finly, and 
the moderator, are appointed to be a commission of the Synod for the year 
ensuing. 

The Presbytery books of New York,. Abington, and New Brunswick, are 
brought according to appointment. The other Presbvtery books are ordered 
to be brought next Synod. 

Mr. Bewel and Mr. Rogers are appointed to revise Abington Presbytery 
book: Mr. Blair and Mr. Beatty to revise New Brunswick Presbytery book; 
and Mr. Tennent and Mr. Finly the Presbytery book of New York. 

Messrs. Prime, Azariah Horton, Davenport, Jones, Brainerd, Allen. John 
Smith, and the moderator, are appointed to be a committee of overtures and 
any other business the Synod shall recommend unto them. 

Upon inquiry it was found that none of the Presbyteries did fully comply 
with the order of the last Synod respecting collections for the college: yet. 



SYNOD OF NEW YORK. 271 

inasmuch as some particular members have done it, the Synod order them to 
pay the same into the hands of Mr. Brainerd, and that he give an account 
thereof to the Synod, before the conclusion of this meeting. 

And the Synod do recommend it to their members that have not as yet 
complied with the said order, to do all they reasonably can before their next 
meeting. 

The difficulties and dangers of the times rendered it in a great degree im- 
practicable for Messrs. Spencer and Brainerd to answer the end of their ap- 
pointment to the southward, and for that reason said appointments were not 
fulfilled. 

There w r ere the like reasons for Mr. Clark's not fulfilling his appointment 
to the southern provinces. 

There having been reposed a certain sum of money in the hands of the 
trustees of New Jersey College, for the uses expressed in the minutes of last 
year, the Synod doth appoint Mr. Allen to attend upon the President, and re- 
ceive proper receipts ami certificates for said money, to be brought into the 
Synod at their next meeting. 

And whereas the Synod appointed such scholars as expect any part of the 
fund designed for the education of pious youth, to be examined by the Synod 
at their annual meeting, the Synod finding they are unable, through a multi- 
plicity of business, and by reason of the absence of some that design to ofTer 
themselves, to have their examination before their own body at this meeting, 
do appoint Messrs. Burr, William Tennent, Brainerd, Davenport, Treat, 
McKnight, Cummins, and Hail, to be a committee to meet at Princeton, the 
twenty-third day of November next, to examine such candidates as offer, and 
determine what proportion of said money each shall have the ensuing year. 

'i he committee appointed to meet at Jamaica on the affair of Mr. Bostwick's 
removal, laid the minutes of their proceedings before the Synod, which were 
approved, and are as follows: 

At a meeting of the committee of the Synod of New York, at Jamaica, Oc- 
tober 29, 1755, according to appointment. Present, Messrs. President Burr, 
Samuel Sacket, Samuel Bewel, Israel Read, James Brown, Timothy Allen. 

Post preces, sederunt qui supra. 

The committee was opened by a sermon preached by Mr. Bewel, from Job 
xiv. 8. 

Mr. Burr chosen moderator, Mr. Allen clerk. 

The affair of Mr. Bostwick's removal came under consideration. The 
committee having heard all the several parties concerned in that affair, had to 
offer on that head, after much deliberation adjourned the further consideration 
of it till to-morrow, half an hour past eight in the morning, to which time the 
committee is adjourned. Concluded with prayer. 

30//i day, the Committee met according to adjournment. Ubi post preces 
sederunt, 

The committee proceeded to a long deliberation on the affair of Mr. Bost- 
wick's removal. 

JEodem Die, seven of the clock, P. M. 

Messrs. Gilbert Tennent, William Tennent, James McCrea, Charles Beat- 
ty, Andrew Hunter, and John Rogers, came, being prevented attending the 
preceding sederunts by the tempestuousness of the weather. 

The affair of Mr. Bostwick's removal from Jamaica to New York recpnsid- 
ered ; and after much consultation, concluded to defer the further considera- 
tion of it till to-morrow morning, at eight of the clock; to which time the 
committee is adjourned. Concluded with prayer. 



272 MINUTES OF THE 

315/ day, the Committee met according to adjournment. Ubi post preees 
sederunt, 

The affair of Mr. Bostwick's removal, &c. reassumed. 

The committee not having sufficient light to come to a full determination of 
that affair at this time, conclude that it be referred to the standing commission 
of the Synod of New York, to be convened by the moderator, at Princeton, 
on the second Wednesday of April next, at eleven of the clock, A. M.; and 
that Mr. Bostwick be appointed to supply at New York, the whole months 
of December and January, and the two first Sabbaths of February next; and 
that the Presbytery of New York provide a constant supply for Jamaica, du- 
ring Mr. Bostwick's absence. And this committee recommends it to the peo- 
ple of Jamaica, to make the necessary winter provisions for Mr. Bostwick's 
family as usual. Concluded with prayer. 

The commission of the Synod made report to the Synod, that they met on 
the affair of Mr. Bostwick's removal, referred unto them by the committee, 
the minutes of their proceedings are as follow : 

The commission of the Synod of New York regularly called, met at 

Princet own, April 14, 1756. 

Present: Messrs. the moderator, Aaron Burr, John Pierson, William Ten- 
nent, Richard Treat, James Davenport, John Rogers, Azariah Horton. 

Absent: Messrs. Elihu Spencer, David Bostwick, Gilbert Tennent, Charles 
Tennent, Ebenezer Prime, James Brown, Samuel Finly. 

Correspondents: Messrs. Timothy Jones, Timothy Allen, Charles Mc- 
Knight, John Brainerd, Charles Beatty, Daniel Lawrence, Caleb Smith. 

Post preees sederunt. 

Mr. Caleb Smith was chosen clerk. 

The commission was opened by a sermon preached by the moderator from 
John xviii. 36. 

The Rev. Mr. Johannes Light, a minister of the Reformed Dutch Church, 
was desired to sit as correspondent. 

The affair of Mr. Bostwick's removal from Jamaica to New York, was 
brought before the commission by a letter from the elders and deacons of the 
Presbyterian congregation in New York, representing their continued unan- 
imity for Mr. Bostwick, and that the reasons for his removal to them are very 
much strengthened and increased by his labours among them the last winter, 
which appeared more fully by their commissioners, who were sent for that 
purpose. The moderator also reported to the commission, that he had acci- 
dentally left at home, a letter he had received from Mr. Bostwick, representing 
his low state of health, and fear that he could not attend the commission, and 
in case he did not, that he would acquiesce in their judgment about his remo- 
val to New York. 

The commission having read the papers containing a representation of the 
state of the Presbyterian congregation at Jamaica, and their reasons against 
Mr. Bostwick's removal. After much deliberate consideration of the import- 
ant affair, and earnest prayer to God for direction in it, adjourned the further 
consideration of it till to-morrow morning, at eight of the clock. 

Concluded with prayer. 

13th day, at eight of the clock, A. M., the commission met. Post preees 

sederunt qui supra. 
The Rev. Mr. David Cowel, was desired to sit as correspondent. 
The affair of Mr. Bostwick's removal reassumed. The commission having 
weighed the reasons for and against it with deep concern and great delibera" 



SYNOD OF NEW YORK. 273 

tion, considering the peculiar circumstances and great importance of New 
York congregation, how long they have been destitute ; how many fruitless 
attempts have been made to resettle the gospel among them ; the little hopes 
of their being so well united in any other person; and especially the desirable 
prospect that appears of Mr. Bostwick's great usefulness in that place; cannot 
but judge it to be his duty to remove; and his pastoral relation to the church 
and congregation at Jamaica is dissolved for that purpose. But as the com- 
mission have a tender concern for the congregation of Jamaica, a great sense 
of their importance, and how their case calls for special regard, they desire 
the moderator, in his journey to Boston, to look out for a candidate to be sent 
among them, and appoint the said moderator to supply them one Sabbath on 
his return; and Messrs. Simon Horton, Ebenezer Prime, and Benjamin Tal- 
mage, are appointed to supply at Jamaica the three Sabbaths immediately 
succeeding Mr. Bostwick's departure, of which Mr. Bostwick is appointed to 
give them notice. And the Presbyteries of New York and Suffolk are ordered 
to take special care that they be constantly supplied till next Synod. The 
commission also considering, that the congregation of Jamaica will necessarily 
be put to charge in obtaining a resettlement of the gospel ministry, do earn- 
estly recommend it to the Presbyterian church in New York, to exercise a 
Christian generosity toward the people of Jamaica, that they may be better 
enabled to settle another minister. 

Mr. Beatty representing to the commission, that a motion had been lately 
made to him by the government of Pennsylvania, to go out as chaplain with 
their forces upon the frontiers, desired that some provision might be made for 
the supply of his pulpit. The commission accordingly appointed Abington 
Presbytery to supply four Sabbaths; the Presbytery of New York three Sab- 
baths; the Presbytery of New Brunswick four Sabbaths; and the Presbytery 
of New Castle five Sabbaths. Concluded with prayer. 

The appointments of last Synod, for a day to be religiously observed as a 
day of fasting and thanksgiving, was complied with. 

A letter from the Synod of Philadelphia, in answer to one sent them from 
this Synod the last year, was read, the further consideration of it was deferred 
to the next sederunt. [See page 221.] 

Upon application made to this Synod, they agreed to allow the interest of 
the money under their direction for the propagation of the gospel among the 
Indians, unto Mr. Brainerd a missionary to the Indians, in order to assist him 
in labouring among them for this year. 

The order of the last Synod respecting a fund for ministers* widows and 
orphans, came under consideration, but seeing no plans for that purpose have 
yet been obtained, the Synod do defer any further proceedings in that affair 
till the next meeting. 

Ordered, That the committee of overtures meet to-morrow morning at eight 
of the clock. 

Adjourned to nine of the clock, to-morrow morning. 

Concluded with prayer. 

October 1st, at nine of the clock, Ji. M. Post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

The New York Presbytery book was revised and approved. 

The consideration of the letter from the Synod of Philadelphia deferred till 
the next sederunt. 

Mr. Caleb Smith is come to the Synod, whose absence yesterday was oc- 
casioned by sickness. 

A paper was brought into the Synod from several persons belonging to the 



274 



MINUTES OF THE 



Presbyterian congregation of New York, setting forth some grievances they 
suppose themselves to labour under, <fcc. The Synod having heard said paper 
read, and what their commissioner offered to them, do refer it to Messrs. John 
Blair, Samuel Finly, Timothy Allen, and Caleb Smith, to draw up the judg- 
ment of the Synod thereupon, and bring it in as soon as they can. 

Adjourned to three of the clock, P. M. 

Concluded with prayer. 

Three of the clock, P. M. Post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

The Presbytery book of Abington was revised and approved. 

An affair was brought into the Synod by way of reference from the Pres- 
bytery of New Brunswick, in relation to Mr. McCrea's accepting the call from 
the congregation of Bedminster and parts adjacent, with whom he has la- 
boured for several years past, but last fall, liberated from them by his Pres- 
bytery, by reason of some dissatisfactions in the congregation, the Synod » 
after having read divers papers and heard what all concerned had to offer on 
the head, came to the following conclusion, that is to say, that inasmuch as 
by far the greatest part of the congregation are united in their desires for 
his settlement with them, and it is likely to be for the hurt of the congrega- 
tion, as well as of Mr. McCrea and his family, if he should remove from them ; 
the Synod judge that Mr. McCrea have liberty to accept of the call of said 
people if he see it fit. But in case Mr. McCrea shall accept the call of said 
people, the Synod see no reason for the minor part of said congregation to be 
set off from the congregation and have supplies for themselves, or be refunded 
any part of the money they have expended in building their meeting-house, 
as they in their paper proposed to the Synod. 

Several supplications for supplies from vacancies in North and South Caro- 
lina, and Bladensburg in Maryland, were read, the consideration of which was 
referred to the next sederunt. 

The Synod agree that an address be prepared and presented to Lord Low- 
den, commander in chief of all his majesty's forces in North America, and 
they do appoint Messrs. Aaron Burr, Elihu Spencer, David Bostwick, and 
Caleb Smith, or some one of them, to prepare and present it in the name of 
this Synod on the first proper opportunity. 

The Synod agreed to desire Mr. Burr to favour them with a copy of his 
sermon preached before them at the opening of their session, in order to have 
it printed, they apprehending the publication of said sermon may be of good 
service at this season. 

The committee appointed to draw up the judgment of the Synod on the 
affair of New York, brought in the same, which after much consideration and 
some amendments, was unanimously approved and is as follows : 

A paper was presented to the Synod signed by several members of the Pres- 
byterian congregation of New York, which the Synod observe contains insulting 
and even threatening expressions, and insinuations of partialitv and dishonesty, 
together with several demands proposed in a very disrespectful manner, and 
with an air of contempt. As this conduct in professors of religion towards a 
judicature of Jesus Christ is insufferably arrogant, presumptuous, and of evil 
tendency, and contrary to the commands of our Lord, who has ordered us to 
suffer no man to despise us acting properly in our own office, we judge it highly 
censurable. And though we might justly refuse to take any further notice of 
what is offered in said paper, yet as we would condescend to the weakness, 
and as far as can consist with duty, bear with the imperfections of those who 
are under our care, for the sake of" their edification, we therefore inform them 
that by adopting the Westminster Confession, we only intend receiving it as 



SYNOD OF NEW YORK. 275 

a test of orthodoxy in this church ; and it is the order of this Synod, that all 
who are licensed to preach the gospel, or become members of any Presbytery 
in our bounds, shall receive the same as the confession of their faith, according 
to our constituting act, which we see no reason to repeal. 

That as to the singing of Dr. Watts's version of the Psalms, though the 
conduct of the congregation in their adhering to them, contrary to Synodical 
appointment, without waiting for an opportunity to obtain a repeal of said ap- 
pointment, was not regular; yet as the said Psalms are orthodox, and no par- 
ticular version is of Divine authority, and that the using them is earnestly de- 
sired by a great majority of said congregation, contrary to the view we had of 
the case the last year, the Synod, for the sake of their peace, do permit the 
use of said version unto them: and determine that this judgment shall be final- 
ly decisive as to this affair. 

That they, who obstinately refuse to pay their pew rents, are to be esteem- 
ed as not walking orderly, and do in fact forfeit their pews, nor is it an injury 
done them by the congregation, if they are deprived of them. 

As to reading in the desk, the Synod consider it as a mere indifferency in 
itself; and as the congregation has long used this practice, which is not con- 
trary to any Divine rule, or constitution of this church, there appears no ne- 
cessity of altering it by authority. 

The other particulars proposed in said paper, being already determined by 
the Synod in former sessions, we adhere to those determinations. 

Adjourned to eight of the clock to-morrow morning. 

Concluded with prayer. 

2d day, at eight of the clock, A. M. Post preces, sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

Abington Presbytery book was revised, and is approved. 

The letter from the Philadelphia Synod came under consideration, with 
respect to which the Synod came to the following agreement, viz. 

That notwithstanding the Synod of Philadelphia have not given a satisfac- 
tory answer to the particulars contained in our letter, which were judged ne- 
cessary to be settled previous to an union; the Synod, from an earnest desire 
of an hearty and lasting union, do comply with their proposal of a mutual con- 
ference, and accordingly appoint Messrs. Gilbert Tennent. William Tennent, 
Aaron Burr, James Davenport, Richard Treat, Samuel Finly, John Blair, 
Caleb Smith, Ebenezer Prime, James Brown, to be a committee to meet with 
the commission of the Synod of Philadelphia, at Trenton, the second Wed- 
nesday in May next, to fix upon a proper plan of union, to be laid before 
each Synod at their next meeting. 

Application was made to the Synod by Mr. Beatty, desiring to know their 
mind with respect to his going chaplain to the forces that may be raised in the 
province of Pennsylvania, if he shall, by the government, be called to that ser- 
vice. The Synod do judge it to be his duty, and in that case do appoint their 
several Presbyteries to provide supplies for Mr. Beatty's congregation, three 
Sabbaths in four he shall be absent from them; particularly the Presbytery of 
Abington, three Sabbaths; the Presbytery of New Brunswick, three Sabbaths; 
the Presbytery of New York, three Sabbaths; and the Presbytery of New 
Castle, three Sabbaths; and in case these shall not suffice, the said Presby- 
teries shall provide further supplies in like proportion until his return. 

The Synod considering what assistance can be afforded by way of supply 
to the several vacancies to the southward that have applied to them, do ap- 
point Mr. DufHeld and Mr. Ramsey to go this fall as soon as they can ; and 
likewise Mr. Brainerd and Mr. Rogers before winter; Mr. Hait and Mr. 



270 MINUTES OF THE 

Whitaker in the spring, and to spend each four months in their journey, and 
supply all those destitute congregations as much as they can. 

Ordered, That certificates be given to Mr. Brainerd and Mr. Rogers by the 
Synod. 

Ordered, That Mr. Samuel Finly do sign proper certificates for Messrs. 
Whitaker, Hait, Duffield, and Ramsey, in the name of the Synod. 

The Synod does appoint Mr. Blair to supply Mr. Ramsey's pulpit three 
Sabbaths in his absence. 

Mr. Brainerd reported that he had received of collections for New Jersey 
College: 

Of Mr. Rogers, £8 11 6 

" Lawrence, - - - - -500 

" Hunter, - - - - - 4 19 6 



Provincial currency, £18 11 

Which Mr. Brainerd is ordered to pay to the college treasurer. 

The Synod, under a sense of ihe present distressed and calamitous state of 
the country, do agree that they will recommend to all their congregations to 
unite in observing the last Thursday of October instant, as a day of public 
humiliation, fasting, and prayer. 

The Synod propose further to recommend to their congregations to spend 
part of the last Thursday of every month in extraordinary prayer, while the 
present mournful state of our public affairs continues. 

And they do further most earnestly recommend it to all their members, pre- 
sent and absent, to exert themselves in an extraordinary manner, in their 
several spheres of influence, for a general and thorough reformation of those 
crying abominations which seem most evidently to have kindled the anger of 
heaven against this land. 

And that they would, in their public performances, frequently explain, and 
warmly press on their hearers the necessity of such a reformation in this day. 

The Synod taking into serious consideration the dangerous situation of the 
public at this juncture, by means of a potent, prevailing, and cruel enemy; 
the divided state of these colonies; the abounding of profanity, luxury, infi- 
delity, error, and ignorance; the evident suspension of spiritual influences 
from the Church, which is followed with an evident insensibility under the 
judgments as well as ordinances of God; together with other awful aspects of 
Divine Providence; cannot but view them as plain demonstrations of his dis- 
pleasure. We have been warned and chastised, first more gently, then more 
terribly ; but not returning to him that smites us, his anger is not turned away, 
but his hand is stretched out still. Judgment yet proceeds, the prospect be- 
comes darker and darker, and all things respecting us, are loudlv alarming. 
When God judges he will overcome; none have ever hardened themselves 
against him and prospered. Nothing but impiety rouses his vengeance, and 
nothing but repentance towards him, and faith towards our Lord Jesus Christ, 
can turn it away. We have not so much as the least reason to expect deliver- 
ance and safety in a way of impenitent sinning; for we are assured, if we 
walk contrary to our God, he will walk contrary to us, and will punish us vet 
seven times more for our iniquity. And as we judge that extraordinary dis- 
tresses are calls to extraordinary humiliation and acts of devotion, so we look 
on ourselves bound, not only as members of the community, but by the duty 
of our office, as those who are entrusted with the declaration of God's re- 
vealed will, to warn all who will attend unto us, and earnestly exhort them to 
prostrate themselves before his offended majesty, in the humblest manner; to 
deprecate his righteous displeasure; implore his mercy for themselves, their 
children, country, and nation, their and our rightful and gracious sovereign 



SYNOD OF NEW YORK. 277 

King George the Second, his royal family, all officers civil and military, and 
the whole Church of God; and solemnly endeavour sincere and thorough re- 
formation. For this purpose the Synocl agree to recommend the last Thurs- 
day of this instant, to be observed as a clay of public fasting and prayer, in all 
the congregations under our care. We also recommend to all the members of 
our body, that they exert themselves in promoting a reformation from those 
evils which have evidently kindled the anger of heaven against this land; and 
that they would frequently urge the necessity of such a reformation in this 
day. 

Signed in the name of the Synod, 

Richard Treat, Synod clerk. 

The Synod order their clerk to transcribe out of the Synod book such of 
their minutes as relate to the Presbyterian congregation in New York, and 
send them to Mr. Burr as soon as may be, in order to be transmitted to Scot- 
land if need shall require. 

Adjourned to the third Wednesday of May next, and then to meet at New 
York; when, for many reasons, the Synod desires that their meeting may be 
as full as possible; and, should the small-pox be in New York at that time, 
the moderator is empowered to appoint it at any other place he shall judge 
proper, giving due notice. Concluded with prayer. 

The Synod met at Maidenhead, according to appointment. 

May \S(h, 1757. Ubi post preces sederunt, 

Minister of Suffolk Presbytery: Mr. Ebenezer Prime. 

Ministers of New York Presbytery: Messrs. Aaron Burr, David Bost- 
wick, Azariah Horton, Nathaniel Whitaker, Timothy Jones. 

Ministers of New Brunswick Presbytery: Messrs. William Tennent, Tho- 
mas Lewis, James McCrea, Charles McKnight, Samuel Kennedy, Israel 
Read, Samuel Harker, Benjamin Hait. 

Ministers of Abington Presbytery: Messrs. Richard Treat, Charles Beatty, 
Benjamin Chesnutt, Henry Marten, Daniel Lawrence, Andrew Hunter, Wil- 
liam Ramsey. 

Ministers of New Castle Presbytery: Messrs. John Rodgers, Robert Smith, 
Hugh Henry, James Finlv, Samuel Finly, George Dufheld. 

Elders: Jacob Ford, David Harriot, William Lynn, Stephen Pangburn, 
Abraham Larew, Robert Armer, John Charlesworth, Robert Evans, Joseph 
Peck, James Evans. 

Ministers absent, Suffolk Presbytery : Messrs. Samuel Bewel, James Brown, 
Samuel Sacket, Eliphalet Ball, Silvanus White, Benjamin Talmage, Abner 
Reeves. 

New York Presbytery: Messrs. John Pierson, Simon Horton, John Brain- 
erd, Timothy Allen, John Smith, Jacob Green, Elihu Spencer, Daniel Thane, 
Aaron Richards, Enos Ayres, Chancey Graham, John Moffett, Jonathan El- 
more, Hugh Knox, John Maltby, Caleb Smith, Alexander Cumming. 

New Brunswick Presbytery: Messrs. James Davenport, Job Prudden, 
Conradus Worts. 

Abington Presbytery: Messrs. Gilbert Tennent, Nehemiah Greenman. 

New Castle Presbytery: Messrs. John Blair, Charles Tennent, James 
Campbell, John Roan, Andrew Bay, John Hogg, Andrew Stirling, Moses 
Tuttle, John Harris, Hugh Mc Adams. 

Hanover Presbytery: Messrs. Samuel Davies, Alexander Craighead, Ro- 
bert Henry, John Brown, John Todd, John Wright. 

Ministers in all, present and absent, seventy-three. 

Mr. Bostwick was chosen moderator for the year ensuing, Mr. Treat clerk. 
24 



278 MINUTES OF THE 

The small pox being in New York, the appointed place of this present 
meeting the moderator appointed the Synod to meet in this place pursuant to 
the powers committed to him by the last Synod. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last Synod be read. 

Messrs. Read, Harker, Chesnut, Robert Smith, James Finly, and Hugh 
Henry, gave the reasons of their absence the last Synod, which were sus- 
tained. 

Messrs. John Pierson, Aaron Burr, Elihu Spencer, Ebenezer Prime, James 
Brown, William Tennent, James Davenport, Gilbert Tennent, Richard Treat, 
Charles Tennent, Samuel Finly, John Rogers, and the moderator, are ap- 
pointed to be the commission of the Synod for the year ensuing. 

There being only one Presbytery book brought, the Synod made no ap- 
pointment for the revising the same, but order that all of them be brought the 
next meeting. 

Messrs. Beatty, Rogers, James Finly, and the moderator, are appointed to 
be a committee of overtures, and for any other business the Synod shall re- 
commend unto them. 

Such members as have complied with the Synod's order for getting collec- 
tions for the college, are ordered to pay the same to the president. 

The order of the last Synod respecting the getting of proper receipts or cer- 
tificates from the president of New Jersey college, for money deposited in the 
treasury of said college under the direction of this Synod, not being fulfilled, 
the Synod appoint Mr. William Tennent to do the same and have it ready 
against the next meeting. 

The committee appointed to meet for the examination of such candidates as 
should offer themselves, to share in such money as the Synod hath to dispose 
of for the education of sound, pious, and promising students, at the college of 
New Jersey, do make report, that they met and having laid before the Synod 
the minutes of their proceedings, they are approved and ordered to be re- 
corded as follows : 

"Princeton, November 23, 1756. 

The committee of the Synod of New York met, according to appointment, 
and opened by prayer. 

Present: Messrs. President Burr, William Tennent, Richard Treat, James 
Davenport, Charles McKnight, Benjamin Hait. 

Mr. Tennent moderator, Mr. Treat clerk. 

The committee proceeded to the business assigned them by the Synod. 

John Strain and John Carmikie offered themselves for examination as can- 
didates to receive assistance from the fund designed for the support of such 
pious youths as are of Calvinistic principles and are unable to support them- 
selves, at the college of New Jersey. The committee, upon particular ex- 
amination, concluded they were persons of such character as were to be en- 
couraged and assisted, and therefore agreed to allow unto John Strain the sum 
of twenty-four pounds, to John Carmikie the sum of twelve pounds, for this 
year. Concluded with prayer." 

The Synod do appoint the aforesaid committee to stand for this year also, 
and to meet at Princeton the last Wednesday of July next for "the same 
purpose. 

The Synod do agree to allow Mr. Brainerd, a missionary to the Indians, 
the interest of the money under their direction for the propagation oi the gos- 
pel among the Indians for the next year, in case the correspondents shall con- 
tinue him in the mission. 

The affair of getting a fund for the support of ministers' widows and orphans,! 
referred to this Synod, came under consideration, but for want of proper plans 



SYNOD OF NEW YORK. 279 

they could not proceed in it, and do appoint Messrs. Bostwick, Green, Jones, 
Spencer, and Caleb Smith, to prepare a plan to be laid before the next 
Synod. 

The order of the last Synod, for an address to be presented to Lord Low- 
den, for want of a proper opportunity, was not complied with. 

The appointments to the southward for supplies were not fulfilled, and upon 
proper inquiry the reasons offered for the omission were sustained. And in 
order to supply said southward vacancies, the Synod does appoint Mr. Hait 
to take a journey thither as soon as his affairs will permit, and spend four 
months among them. The Synod does also recommend it to the Presbytery 
of New Castle to send another. The Synod also appoints the Presbytery of 
Hanover to send one with Mr. Hait when he shall come to them. They do 
also appoint Mr. Samuel Finly to give them certificates in the name of the 
Synod. 

The committee of overtures appointed to meet at nine of the clock, to-morrow 
morning. 

The Synod adjourned to half an hour after nine. Concluded with prayer. 

19/A day, half after nine of the clock, A. M. Post preces sederunt qui 
supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

The committee appointed to meet with the commission of the Synod of 
Philadelphia to confer about the union, do make report, that they met accord- 
ing to appointment; that they found the commissioners of the Philadelphia 
Synod well disposed towards an union; that they declared for themselves, 
and doubted not but their Synod would also readily declare, that they do not 
look upon the protest as the act of their body nor adopt it as such, and that 
there appeared also to be an agreement on both sides concerning the nature 
and right of protesting, and other things formerly proposed as necessary to an 
union. And it was further agreed on by the commissioners on both sides, 
that they would propose to their respective Synods, to have their next meeting 
at the same time and place, in order to unite, in case matters shall appear at 
that time ripe for it. 

The Synod taking into consideration the report of their committee, are 
pleased to find so desirable a prospect of an union, and do agree that their next 
meeting be in Philadelphia at the time of the meeting of the Synod of Phila- 
delphia, and propose that the commission of each Synod meet at Philadelphia 
on the Monday next before the said meeting, at ten of the clock, in order to 
prepare matters for both Synods and their happy union. And they do ap- 
point, that this agreement and proposal be communicated to the Synod of 
Philadelphia for their concurrence. 

The Synod does also appoint Messrs. Samuel and James Finly, John Blair, 
Robert Smith, and John Rogers, to prepare a plan as the ground of the afore- 
said union, and bring it into the commission at their meeting. 

An affair was overtured to the Synod by the committee of overtures, setting 
forth that some members of the congregation of Bedminster, under the minis- 
terial charge of Mr. McCrea, requested the Synod to re-hear their case which 
was determined at their last meeting, alleging in support of their request, that 
they did not offer what they might have done at the time of trial, and specially 
with respect to Mr. McCrea, and which they suppose, if it had been done and 
considered by the Synod, might have given them another view of things, and 
produced a different judgment in said affair. 

The Synod, upon consideration of the affair, and what was at this time laid 
before them, do judge, that there is not sufficient reason offered them to re-hear 



280 MINUTES OF THE 

said case, nor does the Synod suppose said people have sufficient reason to 
complain of the former judgments of Presbytery and Synod, as injurious to 
them, seeing they only were in fault in not giving all the light they could 
when it was the proper season for it, and they were by no means on the part 
of the Synod prevented thereof; nevertheless, as the Synod would not improve 
the mistakes or omissions of any people against them, they refer said people 
to their own Presbytery to judge their cause, and to right them if they find 
them injured by any former judgment, and in particular to hear and judge of 
such articles as they have to exhibit against Mr. McCrea, in case he be sea- 
sonably notified of them, and to grant them supplies of preaching, if regular 
application be made, and the Presbytery judge it to be proper. 

The Synod considering the present posture of public affairs, do judge they 
loudly call for humiliation and prayer, and do, therefore, recommend to all 
their members and congregations, to keep the fourth Thursday of June next 
as a day of humiliation, fasting, and prayer. 

Application having been made to the Synod, by a commissioner from the 
congregation of Newark, for some supplies in their destitute condition, the 
Synod does appoint Mr. Treat to supply them three Sabbaths in June, and as 
much more as he can. 

The Synod does appoint the Presbytery of New York to supply Mr. Hait's 
congregation five Sabbaths, in case he fulfils his appointment to the south- 
ward. 

Adjourned to the fourth Thursday of May next, to meet at Philadelphia at 
ten of the clock. Concluded with prayer. 

The Synod met according to appointment. 

Philadelphia, May the 25th, 1758. Ubi post preces sederunt, 

Ministers: Messrs. David Bostwick, Azariah Horton, Nathaniel Whitaker, 
Daniel Thane, Aaron Richards, Caleb Smith, Abraham Kettletas, William 
Tennent, Thomas Lewis, Charles McKnight, Samuel Kennedy, Benjamin 
Hait, Gilbert Tennent, Richard Treat, Charles Beatty, Benjamin Chesnut, 
Henry Marten, Daniel Lawrence, Andrew Hunter, Nehemiah Greenman, 
William Ramsay. John Rogers, Robert Smith, Samuel Finly, James Finly, 
George Duffield, John Blair, Charles Tennent, John Roan, Moses Tuttie, 
John Harris, Samuel Davies. — 32. 

Elders: Messrs. Nathaniel Silsby, Job Brown, David Rhea, Robert New il, 
William Norcross, Joshua Thomas, Jonathan Holmes, Henry Pierson, Tho- 
mas Brown, John Vandyke, Thomas Flemins, James Evans, James Cochran, 
William McCrea, William Craighead, Hugh Hamilton, Brice Ricky, Francis 
Alexander. — 13. 

Ministers absent: Messrs. Ebenezer Prime, Samuel Bewel, James Brown, 
Samuel Sacket, Eliphalet Ball, Silvanus White, Benjamin Talmage, Abner 
Reeves, Timothy Jones, John Pierson, Simon Horton, JohnBrainerd. Timo- 
thy Allen, John Smith, Jacob Green, Elihu Spencer, Enos Avres, Chauncv 
Graham, John Moffet, Jonathan Elmore, Hu^h Knox, John Maltbie, Alex- 
ander Cummins, James McCrea, Israel Read, Samuel Harker, Job Prudden, 
Conradus Worts, Hugh Henry, James Campbel, Andrew Bay, John Hogjj, 
Andrew Sterling, Hugh McAdam, Alexander Craiohead, Robert Henry, 
James Brown, John Todd, John Wright, John Marten.— 40 absent. 32 pre- 
sent, in all 72. 

The Synod was opened by a sermon on 2 Cor. iv. 5, by Mr. Bostwick, 
the last year's moderator. 

Mr. Davies was chosen moderator, Mr. Rogers clerk. 

Adjourned to three of the clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 



SYNOD OF NEW YORK. 281 

Three of the clock, P. M. Post preces, sederunt qui supra. 

Messrs. Samuel Kennedy and James Finly are now come, with their elders, 
Brice Rickey and Francis Alexander. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last Synod be read. 

Messrs. Thane, Caleb Smith, Richards, Gilbert Tennent, Greenman, Blair, 
Charles Tennent, Roan, Tuttle, Harris, and the moderator, gave reasons for 
their absence the last Synod, which were sustained. 

Mr. Pierson sent reasons for his present absence, which are sustained. 

The Rev. Aaron Burr and James Davenport are removed by death since our 
last Synod. 

Mr. James Campbell is removed out of the bounds of our Synod, since the 
last meeting. 

Messrs. John Pierson, Azariah Horton, David Bostwick, Caleb Smith, 
Ebenezer Prime, James Brown, William Tennent, Charles McKnight, Tho- 
mas Lewis, Gilbert Tennent, Richard Treat, Charles Beatty, Charles Ten- 
nent, Samuel Finly, John Blair, John Rogers, John Todd, and the modera- 
tor, are appointed a commission of the Synod for the year ensuing. 

Inasmuch as the moderator lives at so great a distance, and cannot call the 
commission for the ensuing- year, should there be need for it, Mr. Gilbert 
Tennent is appointed as moderator for this purpose. 

Messrs. Gilbert Tennent, William Tennent, Samuel Finly, John Blair, 
Richard Treat, and the moderator, are appointed a committee of overtures, to 
meet at eight of the clock to-morrow morning. 

The Presbytery books of New York, New Castle, and New Brunswick, 
are brought. Messrs. Caleb Smith and Horton are appointed to revise the 
Presbytery book of New' Brunswick; Messrs. Robert Smith and Roan to re- 
vise that of New York; and Messrs. Bostwick and Hait that of New Castle. 

The order of the last Synod, respecting the money under the direction of 
this Synod, in the treasury of New Jersey College, not being complied with, 
the said order continued. 

The Synod does moreover appoint Messrs. Samuel Kennedy, Benjamin 
Hait, and Abraham Kettletas, or any two of them, to be a committee to meet 
with the committee of the trustees of the college, to settle the accounts of the 
money which is in their treasury, at the direction of this Synod, and make 
report thereof at our next meeting. 

The Synod does also appoint that the receipts for said money to be taken 
in their name and behalf, be given to the gentlemen above mentioned, and 
that the time of their meeting be at the examination at Nassau Hall, the last 
Wednesday of July. 

The committee appointed by the last Synod for the examining the subjects 
that offer for the donations at the direction of this Synod, make report that 
they met, according to appointment. The minutes of their doings are as 
follows : 

"Princeton, July 29, 1757. 

" The committee appointed by the Synod for the examination of candidates 
for the fund designed for the support of pious youth at the New Jersey Col- 
lege, met according to appointment. Present, Messrs. Aaron Burr, William 
Tennent, and Richard Treat. 

•' The committee having received satisfaction as to the piety of Cur- 

tise and James Leslie, and the desirable prospect of their usefulness, conclude 
to allow, out of said fund, to Curtise, ten pounds ten shillings, and to Leslie, 
thirteen pounds, which the president is ordei^d to pay them, and charge the 
same to account of said fund. 
2 4* 



■ 

282 MINUTES OF THE 



" Mr. William Tennent is appointed to inquire whether said sums have 
been paid, and if not, to draw on the treasurer for them. 

" Ordered, That Messrs. Gilbert Tennent, William Tennent, Richard 
Treat, Caleb Smith, Alexander Cummins, Charles McKnight, and Benjamin 
Hait, be a committee for examining such youth as may offer themselves for 
the benefit of the above donation, and dispose the same for one year to such, 
and in such proportions as they shall judge best and meet, at the time of ex- 
amination above mentioned." 

Upon application made, the Synod agree to allow Mr. William Tennent 
twenty pounds out of the Indian fund for payment of a schoolmaster among 
them, and other contingent expenses relating to the school. 

The committee appointed for drawing up a plan for the widows' fund, 
have not complied therewith; their reasons were sustained. This affair fur- 
ther deferred. 

Mr. Hait has not complied with the appointment of our last, in going to the 
southward; his reasons are sustained. 

The Presbytery of New Castle have not complied with the appointment in 
sending one of their number to the southward colonies ; their reasons are sus- 
tained. 

Adjourned to nine of the clock to-morrow morning. 

Concluded with prayer. 

2&th day, at nine of the clock, A. M. Post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

The Brunswick Presbytery book revised, brought in, and approved. 

Ordered, That the remainder of the last Synod's minutes be read. 

The appointment of a day of fasting and prayer by our last Synod was com- 
plied with. 

David Rhea, Mr. William Tennent's elder, has leave to ffo home. 

The committee appointed by the last Synod, for preparing a plan of union, 
fulfilled said appointment; which plan was brought into the commission of 
this Synod according to order, read, and considered. A mutual and friendly 
conference between the commission of both Synods was held, in which a com- 
mittee of both commissions was agreed upon, and appointed to meet and pre- 
pare a plan, to be laid before both Synods, which being done, was brought 
into this Synod and read. 

While the said plan was under consideration, a message was sent from the 
Synod of Philadelphia, by the Rev. Mr. McDowell, desiring the aforesaid 
committee might be appointed to meet again, to confer about any alterations 
that may be proposed by either Synod, in the plan aforesaid, which motion 
was readily complied with, and the Rev. Messrs. Samuel Finly. John Blair, 
David Bostwick, and the moderator, who were the committee of the commis- 
sion aforesaid, were appointed for this purpose. 

Adjourned to three of the clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

Three of the clock, P. 31. Post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

The New Castle Presbytery book revised, brought in, and approved. 

The New York Presbytery book revised, brought in, and approved, ex- 
cept a paragraph in page 149, in which the Synod has not light to deter- 
mine. 

Application having been made to Mr. Beatty, by Colonel Armstrong, to 
serve as chaplain to the first battalion of the Pennsylvania provincials for the 
ensuing campaign, he requested the advice and judgment of this Synod, with 



SYNOD OF NEW YORK. 283 

respect to his duty therein. The Synod do unanimously agree that it is his 
duty to go. 

Mr. Caleb Smith, and his elder, had leave to go home. 

Adjourned to nine of the clock to-morrow morning. 

Concluded with prayer. 

21th day, at nine of the clock, A. M. Post preces, sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

Thomas Slemins, Mr. Robert Smith's elder, has leave to go home. As, 
likewise, has William McCrea, Mr. Charles Tennent's elder. 

A petition was brought in, from the Society for managing the Indian Mis- 
sion in Virginia, requesting that the interest of the money under the direction 
of this Synod, for the propagating the gospel among the Indians, may be 
allowed them for one year. The Synod, though sincerely disposed to do 
every thing in their power to favour that pious mission, yet as the interest of 
that money is already disposed of, they cannot comply with the aforesaid re- 
quest. 

A supplication was brought in from Itico, Enno, and the Haw fields in North 
Carolina, for supplies, and for a candidate to be sent among them in order for 
settlement. 

As several of our members are to be absent from their respective congrega- 
tions this summer, on public affairs, which this Synod approve of, the Synod 
took into consideration how to supply said congregations. And for supplies 
for Mr. Beatty's congregation, the Synod does appoint Mr. Thane the last 
Sabbath in June, and the first in July ; Mr. Lawrence the second and third 
Sabbaths of July ; Mr. Hunter the last in July and first in August; Mr. Rogers 
the third and fourth Sabbaths in August; Mr. Ramsey the second, third, and 
fourth Sabbaths of September; Mr. Thane the first and second Sabbaths of 
October ; that Mr. Marten and Mr. Chesnutt each supply two Sabbaths at the 
times wherein none is provided. 

The Synod does also appoint Mr. Greenman to supply one Sabbath for 
Mr. Hunter, and another for Mr. Ramsey, during their supplying for Mr. 
Beatty. 

The Synod does appoint the Presbytery of New York to supply Newark 
the whole of the time during Mr. Brainerd's absence from them. 

And in case Mr. Spencer shall go out as chaplain with the New Y'ork 
forces, the Synod appoints Mr. Simon Horton to supply Jamaica congrega- 
tion three Sabbaths, and Mr. John Smith two Sabbaths, and that the Presby- 
tery of Suffolk supply seven-eighths of the remaining time of his absence. 

That since Mr. Caleb Smith is to be absent from his congregation three- 
fourths of his time for this summer, in the service of the College of New Jer- 
sey, the Synod does appoint the Presbytery of New Brunswick to assist to 
their utmost in supplying his congregation. 

Adjourned to ten of the clock on Monday morning. 

Concluded w^ prayer. 

29th day, at ten of the clock, Jl. M. Post preces, sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

The Synod appoints the Presbytery of New Brunswick to send a candidate 
to Itico, Enno, and the Haw fields, if possible, before the next Synod. 

It is also earnestly recommended to the Presbytery of Suffolk, to send Mr. 
Brush to those important vacancies as soon as possible ; and Mr. Bostwick is 
appointed to inform them of the same. 

Upon application made by two members of the Society in Virginia for 
managing the Indian Mission, setting forth the desirableness and advantage of 



284 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF NEW YORK. 

a correspondence between this Synod and said society, Mr. Gilbert Tennent 
is appointed on the part of this Synod, to correspond with the secretary of 
said society in case there shall be occasion for it. 

A reference was brought into the Synod from the New Brunswick Presby- 
tery, respecting Mr. Samuel Harker, one of their members, as having im- 
bibed and vented certain erroneous doctrines ; the further consideration of this 
affair deferred till the next sederunt. 

Adjourned to three of the clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

Three of the clock, P. M. Post preces, sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

The affair of Mr Harker reassumed. The Synod, after serious considera- 
tion had, do agree that, inasmuch as Mr. Harker is absent they cannot pro- 
ceed to a regular determination of said affair, and do therefore appoint Messrs. 
Gilbert Tennent, Richard Treat, Samuel Finly, and John Blair, to deal with 
him as they shall have opportunity, in such manner as shall appear to them 
best adapted for his conviction; and refer the further determination to the next 
Synod if there shall be need; and in the mean time, the Synod does recom- 
mend it to the Presbytery of New Brunswick to take such measures as they 
shall judge best to prevent the spread and hurtful influence of those errors. 

The Synod having seriously and maturely considered the plan of union laid 
before them by their commission, as before mentioned, with all the alterations 
and amendments proposed on either side, do unanimously approve of it, and 
agree to it, as a plan of union between the two Synods, and do judge it to be 
their duty to unite with the Synod of Philadelphia upon the same. And this 
Synod having a message brought them from the Synod of Philadelphia, in- 
forming of their approbation of, and agreement with, the aforesaid plan, and 
desire of union upon the same, desiring that the time and place of meeting in 
one body may be agreed upon, which was done the last sederunt, viz. at four 
of the clock this afternoon, in this house. And the time appointed for this 
meeting being come, and all other business being finished, this Synod, in or- 
der to the union aforesaid, adjourned, sine die. Concluded with prayer. 



The preceding minutes, embracing the correspondence between the Synods 
of Philadelphia and New York, preparatory to their union, after a separation 
of so many years, will serve to show that the respective parties, while they 
materially differed on some points, important to the purity and unity of the 
Church, were agreed in their doctrinal sentiments, and in the cordial adoption 
of the Westminster Confession and Catechisms. When, therefore, time had 
allayed their excited feeling, and calm reflection led them to see their errors, 
and to propose measures for a re-union, it was comparative^- easy to settle 
the preliminary terms, as no difference in doctrine intervened to defeat the 
arrangement. 

This union was happily effected in the year 1758, upon the basis which 
may be found on record at their first meeting as a united body. The stvle of 
the body from that period until the organization of the General Assembly, 
was " The Synod of New York and Philadelphia," the minutes of which 
here follow. 



285 



PART FOURTH. 

MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 
from a. d. 1758 to 1788, 



Philadelphia, May 22d, 1758, 

The commissions of the Synods of Philadelphia and New York met, ac- 
cording to an agreement of both Synods the year before, and prepared a plan 
of union to be offered to the consideration of each Synod, which was done on 
Thursday following, May 25th. 

After the plan had been considered and approved in both Synods severally, 
each Synod notified this to the other, upon which, May 29, P. M. they met 
together, and chose Mr. Gilbert Tennent moderator, Mr. McDowell clerk, 
The Synod was then constituted with prayer. 

Ministers present: Messrs. Gilbert Tennent, moderator, David Bostwick, 
Abraham Kettletas, Aaron Richards, Nathaniel YVhitaker, Azariah Horton, 
William Tennent, Samuel Kennedy, Thomas Lewis, Benjamin Hait, Charles 
McKnight, David Cowel, Charles Beatty, Richard Treat, Henry Martin, Ro- 
bert Cross, Francis Alison, Benjamin Chesnut, Andrew Hunter, Nehemiah 
Greenman, William Ramsey, Daniel Lawrence, John Harris, Moses Tuttle, 
John Miller, John Rogers, Hector Alison, Daniel Thane, Charles Tennent, 
William McKennan, Samuel Finly, James Finly, Sampson Smith, John 
Blair, Adam Boyd, Robert Smith, Joseph Tate, John Roan, George Dufiield, 
John Steel, Samuel Davies, Alexander McDowell.* 

Ministers absent: Messrs. Ebenezer Prime, Samuel Bewel, James Brown, 
Samuel Sacket, Eliphalet Ball, Silvanus White, Benjamin Talmage, Abner 
Reeves, Timothy Jones, John Pierson, Simon Horton, John Brainard, Timo- 
thy Allen, John Smith, Jacob Green, Elihu Spencer, Enos Ayres, Chancey 
Graham, John Moffet, Jonathan Elmore, Hugh Knox, John Darby, John 
Maltby, Alexander Cummins, James McCrea, Israel Read, Job Prudden, 
Conradus Worts, Hugh Henry, Andrew Bay, John Hogg, John Wright, 
Andrew Sterling, Hugh McAdam, Caleb Smith, Alexander Craighead, Robert 
Henry, John Brown, John Todd, John Martin, Samuel Black, Richard San- 
chy, John Elder, John Craig, Alexander Miller, Samuel Thomson, Robert 
McMordie, George Gillespie, Mathew Wilson, John Guild, John Kinkead, 
Alexander Hutchinson. 

The plan of union agreed upon between the Synods of New York and 
Philadelphia, at their meeting at Philadelphia, May 29th, 1758. 

The Synods of New York and Philadelphia, taking into serious considera- 
tion the present divided state of the Presbyterian church in this land, and being 
deeply sensible, that the division of the church tends to weaken its interests, 

* There were fourteen Elders present at this meeting, but the manuscript is so, muti- 
lated that only their first names appear. 



285 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

9 

to dishonour religion, and consequently its glorious author; to render govern- 
ment and discipline ineffectual, and finally to dissolve its very frame; and 
being desirous to pursue such measures as may most tend to the glory of God 
and the establishment and edification of his people, do judge it to be our indis- 
pensable duty to study the things that make for peace, and to endeavour the 
healing of that breach which has for some time subsisted amongst us, that so 
its hurtful consequences may not extend to posterity ; that all occasion of re- 
proach upon our society may be removed, and that we may carry on the great 
designs of religion to better advantage than we can do in a divided state ; and 
since both Synods continue to profess the same principles of faith, and adhere 
to the same form of worship, government, and discipline, there is the greater 
reason to endeavour the compromising those differences, which were agitated 
many years ago with too great warmth and animosity, and unite in one body. 
For which end, and that no jealousies or grounds of alienation may re- 
main, and also to prevent future breaches of like nature, we agree to unite and 
do unite in one body, under the name of the Synod of New York and Phila- 
delphia, on the following plan. 

I. Both Synods having always approved and received the Westminster Con- 
fession of Faith, and Larger and Shorter Catechisms, as an orthodox and ex- 
cellent system of Christian doctrine, founded on the word of God, we do still 
receive the same as the confession of our faith, and also adhere to the plan of 
worship, government, and discipline, contained in the Westminster Directory, 
strictly enjoining it on all our members and probationers for the ministry, that 
they preach and teach according to the form of sound words in said Confes- 
sion and Catechisms, and avoid and oppose all errors contrary thereto. 

II. That when any matter is determined by a major vote, every member 
shall either actively concur with, or passively submit to such determination; 
or, if his conscience permit him to do neither, he shall, after sufficient liberty 
modestly to reason and remonstrate, peaceably withdraw from our communion, 
without attempting to make any schism. Provided always, that this shall be 
understood to extend only to such determinations as the body shall judge indis- 
pensable in doctrine or Presbyterian government. 

III. That any member or members, for the exoneration of his or their con- 
science before God, have a right to protest against any act or procedure of 
our highest judicature, because there is no further appeal to another for re- 
dress; and to require that such protestation be recorded in their minutes. 
And as such a protest is a solemn appeal from the bar of said judicature, no 
member is liable to prosecution on the account of his protesting. Provided 
always, that it shall be deemed irregular and unlawful, to enter a protestation 
against any member or members, or to protest facts or accusations instead of 
proving them, unless a fair trial be refused, even by the highest judicature. 
And it is agreed, that protestations are only to be entered against the public 
acts, judgments, or determinations of the judicature with which the protester's 
conscience is offended. 

IV. As the protestation entered in the Synod of Philadelphia. Ann. Bom. 
1741, has been apprehended to have been approved and received by an act of 
said Synod, and on that account was judged a sufficient obstacle to* an union; 
the said Synod declare, that they never judicially adopted the said protestation, 
nor do account it a Synodical act, but that it is to be considered as the act of those 
only who subscribed it; and therefore cannot in its nature be a valid objec- 
tion to the union of the two Synods, especially considerino- that a very ifreat 
majority of both Synods have become members, since the said protestation 
was entered. 

V. That it shall be esteemed and treated as a censurable evil, to accuse any 
member of heterodoxy, insufficiency, or immorality, in a calumniating man- 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 287 

ner, or otherwise than by private brotherly admonition, or by a regular pro- 
cess according to our known rules of judicial trial in cases of scandal. And it 
shall be considered in the same view, if any Presbytery appoint supplies 
within the bounds of another Presbytery without their concurrence ; or if any 
member officiate in another's congregation, without asking and obtaining his 
consent, or the sessions in case the minister be absent; yet it shall be es- 
teemed unbrotherly for any one, in ordinary circumstances, to refuse his con- 
sent to a regular member when it is requested. 

VI. That no Presbytery shall license or ordain to the work of the ministry, 
any candidate, until he give them competent satisfaction as to his learning, 
and experimental acquaintance with religion, and skill in divinity and cases of 
conscience ; and declare his acceptance of the Westminster Confession and 
Catechisms as the confession of his faith, and promise subjection to the Pres- 
byterian plan of government in the Westminster Directory. 

VII. The Synods declare it is their earnest desire, that a complete union 
may be obtained as soon as possible, and agree that the united Synod shall 
model the several Presbyteries in such manner as shall appear to them most 
expedient. Provided nevertheless, that Presbyteries, where an alteration does 
not appear to be for edification, continue in their present form. As to divided 
congregations it is agreed, that such as have settled ministers en both sides be 
allowed to continue as they are; that where those of one side have a settled 
minister, the other being vacant, may join with the settled minister, if a majo- 
rity choose so to do ; that when both sides are vacant they shall be at liberty 
to unite together. 

VIII. As the late religious appearances occasioned much speculation and de- 
bate, the members of the New York Synod, in order to prevent any misap- 
prehensions, declare their adherence to their former sentiments in favour of 
them, that a blessed work of God's holy Spirit in the conversion of numbers 
was then carried on ; and for the satisfaction of all concerned, this united Sy- 
nod agree in declaring, that as all mankind are naturally dead in trespasses 
and sins an entire change of heart and life is necessary to make them meet for 
the service and enjoyment of God; that such a change can be only effected by 
the powerful operations of the Divine Spirit; that when sinners are made 
sensible of their lost condition and absolute inability to recover themselves, 
are enlightened in the knowledge of Christ and convinced of his ability and 
willingness to save, and upon gospel encouragements do choose him for their 
Saviour, and renouncing their own righteousness in point of merit, depend 
upon his imputed righteousness for their justification before God, and on his 
wisdom and strength for guidance and support. When upon these apprehen- 
sions and exercises their souls are comforted, notwithstanding all their past 
guilt, and rejoice in God through Jesus Christ; when they hate and bewail 
their sins of heart and life, delight in the laws of God without exception, reve- 
rently and diligently attend his ordinances, become humble and self denied, 
and make it the business of their lives to please and glorify God and to do 
good to their fellow men. This is to be acknowledged as a gracious work of 
God, even though it should be attended with unusual bodily commotions or 
some more exceptionable circumstances, by means of infirmity, temptations, 
or remaining corruptions ; and wherever religious appearances are attended 
with the good effects above mentioned, we desire to rejoice in and thank God 
for them. 

But on the other hand, when persons seeming to be under a religious con- 
cern, imagine that they have visions of the human nature of Jesus Christ, or 
hear voices, or see external lights, or have fainting and convulsion-like fits, 
and on the account of these judge themselves to be truly converted; though 
they have not the Scriptural characters of a work of God above described, we 



233 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

believe such persons are under a dangerous delusion. And we testify our 
utter disapprobation of such a delusion, wherever it attends any religious ap- 
pearances, in any church or time. 

Now as both Synods are agreed in their sentiments concerning the nature 
of a work of grace, and declare their desire and purpose to promote it, differ- 
ent judgments respecting particular matters of fact, ought not to prevent their 
union; especially as many of the present members have entered into the mi- 
nistry since the time of the aforesaid religious appearances. 

Upon the whole, as the design of our union is the advancement of the medi- 
ator's kingdom; and as the wise and faithful discharge of the ministerial func- 
tion is the principal appointed mean for that glorious end, we judge, that this 
is a proper occasion to manifest our sincere intention, unitedly to exert our- 
selves to fulfil the ministry we have received of the Lord Jesus. Accordingly, 
we unanimously declare our serious and fixed resolution, by divine aid, to 
take heed to ourselves that our hearts be upright, our discourse edifying, and 
our lives exemplary for purity and godliness; to take heed to our doctrine, 
that it be not only orthodox but evangelical and spiritual, tending to awaken 
the secure to a suitable concern for their salvation, and to instruct and encou- 
rage sincere Christians ; thus commending ourselves to every man's conscience 
in the sight of God ; to cultivate peace and harmony among ourselves, and 
strengthen each other's hands in promoting the knowledge of divine truth, and 
diffusing the savour of piety among our people. 

Finally, we earnestly recommend it to all under our care, that instead of 
indulging a contentious disposition, they w r ould love each other with a pure 
heart fervently, as brethren who profess subjection to the same Lord, adhere 
to the same faith, worship, and government, and entertain the same hope of 
glory. And we desire that they would improve the present union for their 
mutual edification, combine to strengthen the common interests of religion, 
and go hand in hand in the path of life ; which we pray the God of all grace 
would please to effect, for Christ's sake. Amen. 

The Synod agree, that all former differences and disputes are laid aside and 
buried; and that no future inquiry or vote shall be proposed in this Synod 
concerning these things ; but if any member seek a Synodical inquiry, or de- 
claration about any of the matters of our past differences, it shall be deemed a 
censurable breach of this agreement, and be refused, and he be rebuked ac- 
cordingly. 

Adjourned till to-morrow morning at nine o'clock. 

Concluded with prayer. 



May 30th nine o'clock, A. M., the Sy)iod met according to adjournment, 
and post preces, sederunt qui supra. 

The modelling of the several Presbyteries was taken under consideration. 

Agreed, that the Presbyteries of Suffolk and New York continue as they 
are. 

Agreed, that the Presbytery of New Brunswick continue as it is, only that 
Messrs. Cowel and Guild are added to it. 

And those three Presbyteries shall meet for the first time according to their 
several appointments made by themselves alreadv. 

Agreed, that Messrs. Cross, Gilbert Tennent, "Francis Alison. Treat, Ches- 
nut, Martin, Beatty, Greenman, Hunter, Ramsey, Lawrence, and Kinkead. be 
the Presbytery of Philadelphia, to meet for the iirst time on Wednesday next, 
at four o'clock in the afternoon, at the old Presbyterian church. 

Agreed, that Messrs. John Miller, Tuttle, Harris, Henry, and Wilson, be a 
Leweston Presbytery, and have the congregations in Kent on Delaware, Sus- 
sex, Worcester, Somerset, Dorset, Queen Anne's, and Kent, in Maryland, 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 289 

under their care, to meet first at Cool Spring on the last Tuesday of July next; 
and that the Presbyteries of New Castle assist them jn supplying their vacan- 
cies till they be further provided with settled pastors. 

Agreed, that the first and second Presbyteries of New Castle and Donegall 
continue as they are for the present, only they shall correspond with each 
other at their meetings. 

Adjourned to three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

At three o'clock, P. M. the Synod met, and post preces, sederunt qui 
supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of last session be read. 

At Mr. Thane's request, being disannexed from the Presbytery of New 
York, he is left at liberty to join either of the New Castle Presbyteries or 
Leweston, before our next. 

Agreed, that Messrs, Craighead, Black, Craig, Miller, Davies, Todd, Henry, 
Wright. Brown, and Martin, in Virginia and southward, be the Presbytery of 
Hanover, to meet for the first time at Mr. Wright's congregation in Cumber- 
land county, on the second Wednesday of July next. 

Several very earnest applications were made to the Synod by Welch peo- 
ple in different parts, representing that many among them understand not the 
English tongue, and unless they have a pastor capable of speaking in their 
own language they must live entirely destitute of ordinances; that a certain 
Mr. John Griffith, came some years ago from Wales, with good certificates of 
his Christian knowledge and piety, though he has not had a liberal education, 
and of being there licensed to preach the gospel ; that he has preached among 
them to their great satisfaction, and therefore pray the Synod to ordain him to 
the ministry, that he may both preach and also administer the sacraments 
among them. 

Upon considering the case, the Synod find that several members have seen 
his certificates from Wales, that some have conversed with him and were 
much satisfied with his Christian knowledge and acquaintance with experi- 
mental religion; that those of the Welch here, who testify to the Synod con- 
cerning his useful preaching and pious conduct, are known to be men of judg- 
ment and integrity ; and as the circumstances of that people are singular, and 
no other way appears in which they can enjoy ordinances, the Synod agree, 
that the said Mr. John Griffith, though he has not the measure of school 
learning usually required, and which they judge to be ordinarily requisite, be 
ordained to ihe work of the ministry. And appoint Messrs. Samuel Davies, 
Dr. Alison, Treat, Hunter, and Kettletas, to be a Presbytery pro re nata, to 
ordain him to-morrow at 1 1 o'clock. 

Ordered, That Dr. Alison and the clerk prepare reasons for a fast to be ap- 
pointed by the Synod, and for congregations employing days in joint prayer 
during the present calamities. 

Agreed, that appointments made by the several Synods and Presbyteries 
before union, which are not inconsistent therewith, be fulfilled. 

Agreed, that the commissions appointed before by the two Synods, with 
the present moderator, be together the commission of this Synod for the ensu- 
ing year. 

Adjourned to eight o'clock to-morrow morning, and concluded with prayer- 

May 3\st, the Synod met according to adjournment, and post preces 

sederunt, qui supra. 
Ordered, That the minutes of last session be read. 

Agreed, that the several funds which were under the care of the Synods of 
Philadelphia and New York, shall be under the direction of this Synod, to be 
25 



290 MINUTES OP THE SYNOD OF 

applied to their respective uses and designs specified in the books relating to 
these funds as heretofore. 

A case of conscience was proposed, and the consideration of it deferred till 
our next meeting. 

Agreed, That Messrs. Cross, Gilbert Tennent, Dr. Alison, and Treat, be a 
committee to correspond in the name of the Synod, with the churches of our 
persuasion in Britain and Ireland, and in these colonies and elsewhere, by 
means of proper persons in these churches, for the ensuing year. 

Ordered, That Mr. McDowell supply at Middleton next Sabbath. 

The Synod being informed by Mr. Cross and Dr. Alison, that the honour- 
able trustees in London for the fund, raised for German emigrants, have al- 
lowed an annual sum to assist the Synod in maintaining a school for educating 
youths for the ministry among us, wherein some Dutch children are to be 
taught gratis, if they apply for it: Agreed, that this affair be left to the com- 
mittee for correspondence for the ensuing year. 

The members appointed to be a Presbyter}', pro re nata, to ordain Mr. 
John Griffith, brought in the following report: 

" The members appointed to be a Presbytery, pro re nata, met according to 
appointment, and chose Mr. Davis moderator. Dr. Alison clerk. 

Mr. John Griffith appeared before us, and after proper questions proposed 
to him, (as preparatory,) to our satisfaction, his receiving the Westminster 
Confession and Catechisms, &c. according to the agreement of this Synod, 
and professing subjection to them, the Presbytery agreed to proceed imme- 
diately to his ordination; and accordingly, the Presbytery, with imposition of 
hands and prayer, set apart the said Mr. John Griffith to the gospel ministry. 

Concluded with prayer." 

Ordered, That Mr. Griffith belong to Philadelphia Presbytery. 

The committee appointed, brought in the following overture for a fast, 6zc. 
which is approved and agreed unto. 

Considering the calamities of war, and dangers that threaten us from savage 
and antichristian enemies, the ravages and barbarities committed on our bor- 
ders, and how much our safety and welfare depend on the success of this 
campaign; and being sensible that God has been greatly provoked by our in- 
gratitude for mercies received, the decay of vital religion, the prevailing of 
vice and immorality in the land, and the contempt of gospel light, liberty, 
and privileges, we judge ourselves loudly called upon to repentance and hu- 
miliation, and accordingly the Synod recommend that a day of lasting and 
prayer be observed by all the congregations under our care, to deprecate the. 
wrath of God, to pray for a blessing on his majesty's armaments by sea and 
land, in order to procure a lasting and honourable peace, and in particular for 
the success of all our intended expeditions in America; for the prosperity of 
his Prussian majesty's arms, and advancement of the Protestant interest; for 
the overthrow of antichristian errors, superstition, and tyranny; and the uni- 
versal spread of pure and undefiled religion. And 'tis ordered, that the mem- 
bers within the bounds of this province, observe it on the sixteenth of June 
next, being the day appointed by this government for that purpose ; and that 
those brethren who live in the bounds of other governments, observe it on 
such a day in June or July next as the several Presbyteries think proper. 

And as prayer has been made without ceasing, by the Church in times of 
imminent danger, and God has heard his people in a day of trouble, and de- 
livered them, the Synod recommend that some time be spent in social praver. 
by every congregation within their bounds on the last Thursday oi^ every 
month, during these times of trouble and rebuke. And that with these pro- 
fessions of humiliation, ministers and people earnestly plead with God for 
more abundant effusions of the gracious influences of his Holy Spirit, that 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 291 

they may be disposed to sobriety, peace, charity, submission to the Divine 
will, and be prepared for every good work; that their practice may be agree- 
able to their profession ; and their light so shine before men, that they behold- 
ing their humble, pious conversation, may glorify our Father who is in 
heaven. 

Ordered, That the clerk purchase a new book, and insert the minutes of 
this Synod, and that the Synod pay the cost. 

Adjourned to three o'clock, P. M. on the third Wednesday of May next, 
to meet in Philadelphia. Concluded with prayer. 

Philadelphia, May 16th, 1759, at the Second Presbyterian Church. 

The Synod of New York and Philadelphia met according to adjournment, 
Ubi post preces sederunt, 

Ministers: Messrs. John Wright, John Todd, Samuel Black, John Craig, 
Alexander Miller, John Brown, Hugh Henry, John Harris, Matthew Wilson, 
John Miller, Daniel Thane, Adam Boyd, Hector Alison, Sampson Smith, 
William McCannan, John Rodgers, John Blair, James Finly, John Hogge, 
Hugh McCaddan, George Duffield, Robert Cross, Gilbert Tennent, Francis 
Alison, Charles Beatty, Richard Treat, Andrew Hunter, Daniel Lawrence, 
Benjamin Chesnutt, William Ramsey, Harry Munro, Charles McKnight, 
Benjamin Hait, Israel Reed, John Guild, Caleb Smith, Aaron Richards, Na- 
thaniel Whitaker, Abraham Kettletas, Benjamin Woodroof, Azariah Horton, 
Alexander Cummings, John Brainerd, Abner Brush, Elihu Spencer. 

Elders: Messrs. John Anderson, John Hardman, John Flint, John Mus- 
tard, Thomas Scott, David Stewart, John Love, Theophilus Alexander, John 
McKnight, Thomas Brown, Richard Walker, Nathaniel Dimon, Jacob Rea- 
der, Thomas Coon, Joseph Lyon, John Woodroof. 

Ministers absent: Messrs. Samuel Davies, Alexander Craighead, Robert 
Henry, Henry Patillo, William Richardson, John Martin, Jonathan Pierson, 
Timothy Jones, Jacob Green, Jonathan Elmore, David Bostwick, Simon 
Horton, John Smith, Chauncy Graham, EnosAyres, JohnMoffet, John Dar- 
by, Timothy Allen, John Maltby, Hugh Knox, Nehemiah Greenman, Henry 
Martin, John Griffiths, William Tennent, David Cowel, James McCrea, 
Samuel Kennedy, Thomas Lewis, Conradus Worts, Ebenezer Prime, Ben- 
jamin Talmage, Abner Reeve, Sylvanus White, James Brown, Samuel 
Bewel, Moses Baldwine, Samuel Sacket, Eliphalet Ball, Moses Tuttle, Alex- 
ander Hutchison, Charles Tennent, Samuel Finly, Samuel Harker, Andrew 
Bay, Andrew Sterling, Robert Smith, John Roan, John Elder, Richard 
Zanchy, Samuel Thomson, Robert McMurdie, Joseph Tate, John Steel, 
George Gillespie, Alexander McDowel. 

The Synod was opened with a sermon by Mr. Gilbert Tennent, the last 
year's moderator, on Matthew v. 9. 

Mr. Ross, a minister from New England, being present, was invited to sit 
as a correspondent. 

Mr. Cross was chosen moderator, Mr. John Blair clerk. 

Adjourned till nine o'clock to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 

17th day. Nine, o'clock, Ji. M. Post preces, sederunt qui supra. 
Mr. Cross, on account of his age and bodily infirmity, declined the mode- 
rator's chair: Mr. Treat chosen in his stead. 

Messrs. Charles Tennent and Samuel Harker are now come. 

William McCrea, Mr. Tennent's elder. 

Ordered, That the minutes of last sederunt be read. 

Ordered, That the minutes of last Synod be read. 

The orders of last Synod respecting Presbyteries, were complied with, ex- 



292 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

cept that Messrs. Black, Craig, and Alexander Miller, have not met with the 
Presbytery of Hanover as members, by reason of a mistake concerning the 
meaning of the Synod's minute. 

A motion was made by Messrs. Black, Craig, and Alexander Miller, that 
they and Messrs. Brown and Hogge be erected into a distinct Presbytery; 
their reasons for it, and the objections of the other members of Hanover Pres- 
bytery against it, were fully heard. 

The Synod judge that the number of ministers belonging to the Presbytery 
of Hanover is too small to be divided into two Presbyteries, and that their 
continuing in one, will, at present, be more for edification ; and for the greater 
ease of the whole, the Synod order that the Presbytery have two stated meet- 
ings in the year, at some nearly central places, alternately above and below the 
mountains. But the Synod being sensible of the difficulties they will in the 
mean while labour under, assure them that as soon as their number shall be 
so increased as six or seven can conveniently belong to each Presbytery, that 
then, upon regular application, they shall be erected into two Presbyteries, 
provided no sufficiently weighty objection lie against it. 

Whether the first and second Presbyteries of New Castle, and the Presby- 
tery of Donegall, shall be new modelled, deferred till next sederunt; and or- 
dered, the said Presbyteries shall meet half an hour before, in order to con- 
verse about the matter, that they may give light to the Synod on that head. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

Three o'clock, P. M. Post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of last sederunt be read. 

The order of last sederunt to the New Castle and Donegall Presbyteries was 
complied with; and upon their report it is ordered, that Messrs. Sampson 
Smith, and Robert Smith, John Roan, and John Hogge, be added to the 
Presbytery of Donegall, and that the first and second Presbyteries of New 
Castle be united in one Presbytery, to meet for the first time at West Not- 
tingham, on the last Tuesday instant. 

Provided always, that this change of the state of said Presbyteries shall not 
be understood to infringe the liberties of the several congregations in their 
bounds already provided for, and expressed in our plan of union. 

Ordered, That the remaining minutes of last Synod be read. 

The order respecting a day of public fasting and prayer was complied 
with. 

Ordered, That Messrs. Charles Tennent, John Rodgers, James Finly, 
Azariah Horton, John Miller, and the moderator, be a committee ofoverhires, 
and for what other business the Synod may commit to them, to meet at eight 
o'clock to-morrow morning. 

An application to the Synod from the board of trustees of the College of 
New Jersey, for the liberation of Mr. Davies from his pastoral charge, that 
he may accept the Presidency of said college to which they had elected him, 
was brought in and read. 

A supplication was also brought in from Mr. Davies's congregation, earnest- 
ly requesting his continuance with them. 

The Synod having seriously considered the congregation's supplication, 
and fully heard all the reasonings for and against Mr. Davies's liberation, after 
solemn prayer to God for direction, do upon the whole, judge that the argu- 
ments in favour of said liberation do preponderate, and agree that Mr. Davies's 
pastoral relation to his congregation be dissolved in order to his removal to 
the college, and do accordingly hereby dissolve it. 

Sundry references from the minutes of last Synod. 

Adjourned till nine o'clock to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 293 

18//* day. Nine o'clock, Ji. M. Post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of last sederunt be read. 

A motion was made that the Synod should address both the Governor and 
Assembly in order to obtain the suppression of a play-house now erecting in 
the liberties of this city. 

Ordered, That Messrs. Gilbert Tennent, Dr. Alison, Kettletas, Cummings, 
and Rodgers, be a committee to prepare addresses on that head, to be brought 
in as soon' as they can. 

Moved, That provision be made for the supply of Mr. Davies's congrega- 
tion : this affair deferred till next sederunt. 

In pursuance of an order of the late Synod of New York, an account of 
money in the treasury of the College of New Jersey, belonging to this Synod, 
was brought in, and is as follows: 

An account of money in the treasury of the College of New Jersey, be- 
longing to the Synod of New York, for the education of pious students, set- 
tled to the first day of October, 1758. 

Received, October 1st, 1755, into the college treasury, as per Synod's 
records, ----- Sterling, £357 4 6 

Advance, at sixty per cent, provincial currency, 214 4 



Deduct in part of expenses, - 

In the treasury, principal, provincial currency, 
Interest to October 1st, 1758, at six pounds per cent, 
three years, ----- 

Paid per order, - - - - - 

Per order upon the treasurer, to be paid by October 1st, 
1758, .... . 



Remains in the treasury, principal, 

The Indian stock, ------ 

Total, £837 15 

Ordered, That Messrs. Hait, Guild, Lewis, and Reed, be a committee for 
disposing the interest arising from said money, excepting the Indian fund, 
this year, to meet at Princeton at the time of examination. 

Ordered, That Messrs. McWhorter, Kirkpatrick, and Latta, take a journey 
to Virginia and Carolina, as soon as they can this summer, or ensuing fall, 
and spend some months in those parts. 

The Synod further considering the destitute condition of Hanover, and the 
uncertainty of their being supplied, if suppliers are left to their own discre- 
tion respecting the time of their going to Virginia, do order that Mr. Kirk- 
patrick prepare for his journey so as to be at Hanover the third Sabbath of 
July, at the furthest, and supply there for some time according to the order of 
that Presbytery; that Mr. McWhorter be at Hanover the first of September, 
and that Mr. Latta be there the first of November at the furthest; and that 
the Presbyteries of Philadelphia and New Brunswick take care that these 
gentlemen fulfil this appointment, and neither prescribe nor allow them em- 
ployment in our bounds so as to disappoint this our good intention. 

Ordered, That Mr. Lewis and these gentlemen supply Hanover and other 
vacancies, at the direction of the Presbytery of Hanover. 
25* 



£571 
71 


8 
8 


6 
6 


£500 
90 










62 

27 


4 
15 


11 
1 


£90 








£500 
337 



15 







294 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

Mr. Brainerd applied to the Synod for their advice whether it was his duty 
to leave his present charge at Newark and resume his mission to the Indians. 

Arguments on both sides were fully heard. 

Though the Synod are tenderly affected with the case of Newark congre- 
gation, yet in consideration of the great importance of the Indian mission, 
they do unanimously advise Mr. Brainerd to resume it. 

The Synod do further agree to give him the interest of the Indian fund for 
this year, in order to his more comfortable subsistence. 

Ordered, That Mr. McKnight visit the Indians twice this summer, one of 
which times to be a Sabbath ; and Messrs. Beatty and Latta each once. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

Three o'clock, P. M. Post preces sederunt qui supra, 

(Except Messrs. Brainerd and Joseph Lyon, who had leave to go home.) 

Mr. John Steel is now come; his reasons for not attending sooner sus- 
tained. 

Ordered, That the minutes of last sederunt be read. 

Mr. Brainerd being removed from Newark, it is ordered, that Messrs. 
Woodroof, Kettletas, Darby, andCummings, supply there, each one Sabbath, 
if need be. 

A reference from the Presbytery of Philadelphia, respecting a call from the 
first Presbyterian congregation in this city, offered to them to be presented to 
the Rev. Harry Munro, and objections against it by some members of said 
congregation, was brought into the Synod, 

All papers relative to that affair were read, and all parties fully heard. 

The Synod spent some time in reasoning upon this affair, but not having 
time to issue it, the further consideration of it is deferred till next sederunt. 

Adjourned till nine o'clock to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 

Nine o'clock, A. M. Post prece3 sederunt qui supra, 

(Except Messrs. Finly and Theophilus Alexander, who had leave to go 
home.) 

The late first Presbytery of New Castle reported that Mr. John Ewing 
was ordained since the opening of this session of Synod, accordingly he is 
now enrolled as a member. 

Ordered, That Mr. Brush preach at college to-morrow. 

Ordered, That the minutes of last sederunt be read. 

The addresses to the Governor and Assembly not yet brought in. 

A reference from the Presbytery of Hanover respecting an affair from Rock- 
fish, was brought into the Synod, but the evidences respecting the affair not 
being here, the matter is referred back to said Presbytery. 

The affair respecting the first Presbyterian congregation in this city was 
resumed. 

In the course of reasonings upon it a case of conscience was put, viz. whe- 
ther a minister, having connexion with any part of his majestv's regular 
forces as their chaplain, and receiving the salary, or any part thereof, as such, 
may or ought to accept of a stated pastoral relation to any congregation? 
which question was answered in the negative. 

Upon a motion made by some members of the congregation, the affair is 
deferred till three o'clock, P. M. on Monday. 

A complaint against the late first Presbytery of New Castle, bv Janet 
Smith, was brought in, but as the matter is not ready for trial, the Synod ap- 
point the present Presbytery of New Castle, and Messrs. Elder, Roan, John 
Miller, and Steel, to be a committee of the Synod to take such notice of the 
grounds of her complaint as they shall judge necessary; the committee to 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 295 

meet at Chesnut Level, on the third Wednesday of June ; the Presbytery of 
New Castle to cite necessary evidences, and notify the absent members who 
are appointed. 

At Mr. Kinkead's request Messrs. Steel, Caleb Smith, Horton, and John 
Miller, ordered to be a committee to converse with him this afternoon. 

Adjourned till ten o'clock, A. M. on Monday. Concluded with prayer. 

21s/ day, at ten o'clock, A. M. Post preces, sederunt qui supra. 

(Except Mr. Whitaker, who had leave to go in order to preach at Tren- 
ton.) 

Ordered, That the minutes of last sederunt be read. 

The committee appointed to converse with Mr. Kinkead, report, that they 
had not yet finished their conference. 

Messrs. John Todd, Hugh Henry, John Miller, Adam Boyd, Samuel Fin- 
ly, Joseph Tate, Robert Smith, Gilbert Tennent, Dr. Alison, William Ten- 
nent, John Guild, Caleb Smith, Azariah Horton, James Brown, Elihu Spen- 
cer, and the moderator, to be the commission of the Synod for this ensuing 
year, six of which number, and the moderator, to be a quorum. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

Three o'clock, P. M. Post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of last sederunt be read. 

Mr. Beatty applied to the Synod for advice, whether it was his duty to ac- 
cept an invitation to go out as chaplain with the Pennsylvania troops this cam- 
paign. 

The Synod having heard Mr. Beatty, and considered the representation 
made of the state of his congregation, judge it his duty to decline it. 

The affair of the first Presbyterian congregation in this city, resumed. 

The commissioners of the congregation were further heard upon a sugges- 
tion they had something new to offer. 

The Synod had some conference with Mr. Monro. This affair further 
deferred. 

Adjourned till nine o'clock, to-morrow morning. 

Concluded with prayer. 

22d day, at nine o'clock, A. M. Post preces sederunt, qui supra, 

(Except Messrs. Cummins, Kettletas, Charles Tennent, Sampson Smith, 
and Guild, who went without asking leave.) 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

The case of conscience brought into the last Synod, viz: whether a man 
who has married his half brother's widow, may lawfully live with her as his 
wife, was a little considered, but as the members have not generally closely 
examined this matter in its general nature, it is deferred till next Synod; and 
it is ordered, that the several members bring or send their sentiments in wri- 
ting, and inform the absent members to do the like. 

Ordered, That Messrs. Cross, Gilbert Tennent, Dr. Alison, Beatty, and the 
moderator, be a committee to manage respecting the German fund, and that 
Dr. Alison have authority to call the committee together as often as occasion 
may require. 

Ordered, That the above persons, together with Mr. Davies, be a committee 
of correspondence for the ensuing year, and that they particularly propose to 
the Presbyterian churches abroad, to settle some plan of correspondence upon 
which it shall be carried on. 

The affair of the fiist congregation of Philadelphia resumed ; and after much 
reasoning upon it, the Synod conclude, that notwithstanding it appears there 



296 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

was some confusion attending the vote of the congregation respecting Mr. 
Munro, which might give some colour of complaint to the minor party, yet as 
there was a great majority for Mr. Munro, who still continue to adhere to him, 
they judge the above said vote is so far legal, as that the Presbytery be al- 
lowed to present the call to Mr. Munro, to which judicature the further prose- 
cution of this affair, (in consistency with the vote of Synod already passed,) 
is committed; though they cannot but testify their high disapprobation of the 
insulting, injurious manner in which some of the persons prosecuting said call 
have treated this judicature, by an unchristian paper delivered in to them, 
which, however detestable, they desire to forgive as the ministers of Christ. 
And being greatly desirous of the welfare of this society, the Synod do earn- 
estly recommend it to the minor party to acquiesce, and exhort and enjoin it 
on the majority, that they carry it towards their brethren of the minor party 
with all that Christian temper, moderation, and charity, that becomes the fol- 
lowers of Jesus Christ; and that both parties, in all future time, study the 
things that make for peace. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

Three o'clock, P. M. Post preces sederunt qui supra. 
Ordered, That the minutes of last sederunt be read. 

An account of the state of the fund under the direction of the late Synod of 
Philadelphia for the widows' fund : 

In the hands of William Allen, Esq. - 

By a bond of Messrs. Bartholemew and Davies, 

Henry Vandike and Samuel Thomas, - - - - 

£145 
To cash lent to Mr. Coultas, but now paid into Dr. Ali- 
sons hands, 55 00 



£ 


8. 


d. 


75 








- 50 








20 









Total, £200 
In the Synod's hands for the widows of ministers who died before this fund 
was projected, &c. 

Brintnel's bond, - 

Joshua and Simon Thomas's 

Jacob Maag, - 

Moor and Cuningham, - 

Total, 
Insolvent bonds. 

Mr. Huston's, 

Mr. Gelston's, 

Mr. Stevenson's, w - 

Mr. Thomson's, 

Total, £55 
A charter for a fund for the relief of poor Presbyterian ministers and minis- 
ters' widows and children, was brought in and read and thankfullv accepted. 
Ordered, That Messrs. Cross, Gilbert Tennent, Dr. Alison, Samuel Finly, 
Beatty, Blair, and the moderator, be a committee to prepare a plan for the re- 
gulation and management of said fund, to meet in Philadelphia on the second 
Wednesday of June, four to be a quorum; and it is ordered that they send 



£ 


8. 


d. 


300 








- 30 








25 








- 6 








£361 








£ 


s. 


d. 


15 








- 4 








12 








- 24 









NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 297 

copies to the respective presbyteries, and that they move to the corporation to 
appoint proper persons to take in subscriptions, that the matter may not be 
delayed a whole year longer. 

The addresses to the Governor and Assembly were brought in and ap- 
proved. 

Ordered, That Messrs. Cross, Gilbert Tennent, Rodgers, Beatty, and the 
moderator, present them to the Governor and Assembly respectively. 

Application was made to the Synod by Messrs. Duffield and Elder, for ad- 
vice both to Mr. Steel's and Mr. Duffield's congregations, whether they shall 
erect two meeting-houses in Carlisle or one only. 

The Synod are grieved that there should be a spirit of animosity still sub- 
sisting amongst the people, and would be far from encouraging any steps that 
would tend to perpetuate a divided state; and, therefore, do warmly recom- 
mend it to the people of both congregations to fall upon healing measures, and 
lay a plan for the erection of one house only, and enjoin it upon Messrs. 
Steel and Duffield to unite their counsel and use their influence to bring about 
a cordial agreement. 

William Elliot, who by some means lost his eye sight while in the military 
service, applied to the Synod for their charity. It is recommended to the 
members to propose a collection for him in their congregations, and send what 
shall be got to Dr. Alison. 

Mr. Kinkead came and gave in a paper to the Synod, as he says, for his 
own exoneration, in order to his continuing a member. The Synod, upon 
considering his case, conclude that as they have never excluded him, they 
will consider and deal with him as a member. This minute being read to 
Mr. Kinkead, he refuses membership notwithstanding. 

Ordered, That Messrs. Smith, Green, Norton, Cummins, Kennedy, and 
Beatty, be a committee to converse with Mr. Harker, and labour to convince 
him of his mistakes, to meet at Mr. Pearson's at Mendam, the second Wed- 
nesday of August, at ten o'clock, A. M. 

Adjourned till the third Wednesday of May next, to meet at ten o'clock, 
A. M. in the First Presbyterian Church in this city. 

Concluded with prayer. 

Philadelphia, May 9,1st, 1760. 

The Synod of New York and Philadelphia met according to adjournment 
at the First Presbyterian church in Philadelphia. Ubi post preces sederunt, 

Ministers present: Messrs. Gilbert Tennent, John Ewing, Benjamin Ches- 
nutt, Henry Martin, Samuel Davies, Samuel Kennedy, John Moffat, Samuel 
Finly, John Rodgers, Alexander McDowel, Robert Smith, John Miller, James 
Finly, Richard Treat, Andrew Hunter, William Ramsay, John Griffiths, 
Charles McKnight, Alexander McWhorter, John Brainerd, Charles Tennent, 
John Blair, Joseph Tate, Robert McMordie, Moses Tuttle, Francis Ali- 
son, D. D. Daniel Lawrence, James Latta, William Tennent, Samuel Harker, 
Abner Brugh, Abraham Kettletas, Daniel Thane, John Elder, John Rowan, 
George Duffield, William Kirkpatrick. 

Elders : Messrs. Gunning Bedford, Hugh Hamilton, Samuel Allen, Tho- 
mas Tobin, Robert Spear, Robert Evans, John Wallace, Jonathan Lawrence, 
Robert Givens, John Sympson, John Hannah, Thomas Ewing, Thomas 
Shields, William McCrea, Robert Wallace, Robert McCoomb. 

Ministers absent: Messrs. Robert Cross, Adam Boyd, Andrew Sterling, 
Charles Beatty, William McKennan, John Pearson, Nehemiah Greenman, 
Andrew Bay, Timothy Jones, Caleb Smith, Chancey Graham, Jacob Green, 
Benjamin Hait, Aaron Richards, Nathaniel Whitaker, John Smith, John 
Maltby, Job Pruden, Benjamin Talmage, James Brown, Silas Leonard, John 



298 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

Wright, John Craig, Hugh Henry, Henry Patillo, John Hogg, Charles Ten- 
nent, Hector Alison, Mathew Wilson, David Bostwick, Enos Airs, Elihu 
Spencer, Israel Read, David Cowel, Jonathan Elmore, John Darby, James 
McCrea, Thomas Lewis, Abner Reave, Samuel Bewel, Eliphalet Ball, John 
Todd, Alexander Miller, Alexander Craighead, William Richardson, Hugh 
McCadden, Richard Zanchy, Samuel Thompson, John Harris, Azariah Hor- 
ton, Benjamin Woodroff, Hugh Knox, John Guild, Alexander Cummins, Si- 
mon Horton, Timothy Allen, Conradus Worts, Ebenezer Prime, Sylvanus 
White, Moses Baldwin, Samuel Sacket, Samuel Black, John Brown, Robert 
Henry, John Martin, Alexander Hutchinson, John Steel, Sampson Smith. 

Mr. Davies chosen moderator, and Mr. Ewing clerk. 

The Synod was opened by a sermon from Am. vii. 5, by Mr. Treat, the 
last year's moderator. 

The Presbytery of Philadelphia report, that they have ordained the Rev. 
Mr. James Latta to the work of the ministry, and licensed Mr. Joseph Mont- 
gomery. The New York Presbytery Teport, that they have licensed Mr. 
Azel Roe. The New Castle Presbytery report, that they have licensed Mr. 
John Strain. And the New Brunswick Presbytery Teport, that they have 
licensed Messrs. John Hannah, John Clark, John Carmicle, and William 
Mills, and that they have ordained the Rev. Messrs. Alexander McWhorter 
and William Kirkpatrick since our last. 

Ordered, That the moderator, Messrs. Gilbert Tennent, Samuel Finly, 
Richard Treat, be appointed a committee to prepare some rules for the expe- 
diting and regulating the transactions of the Synod, to be laid before the Synod 
to-morrow morning. 

Adjourned till to-morrow morning, at ten o'clock. 

Concluded with prayer. 

May 22J, the Synod met according to adjournment. Ubi post precet 
sederunt qui supra. 

The reasons for the absence of Messrs. Boyd, Pierson, Caleb Smith, Ti- 
mothy Jones, Simon Horton, David Bostwick, Benjamin Woodroff, John 
Darby, Nathaniel Whitaker, Timothy Allen, Sampson Smith, Nehemiah 
Greenman, being made known to the Synod, were sustained. 

Ordered, That the minutes of our last Synod be read. 

The reasons of the absence of the Rev. Messrs. Davies, Moffat, Griffith, 
William Tennent, Kennedy, Tuttle, Samuel Finly, Robert Smith, Roan, El- 
der, McMordy, Tate, McDowel, at our last, are sustained. 

The Rev. Mr. George Gillespie has been removed by death since our last. 

The Synod earnestly recommend to all the Presbyteries, that they notify 
all absent members more carefully to attend Synodical conventions, and not to 
expect to be excused without sufficient reasons ; and that those Presbyteries 
who are all absent, be notified by the moderator of the next adjacent Pres- 
bytery. 

The regulations proposed to be drawn up by the committee last sederunt, 
were brought in and read, and are ordered to lay on the table for more mature 
consideration until to-morrow. 

Ordered, That Messrs. Treat, Rodgers, Miller, Kettletas, Kennedy, Elder, 
and Blair, be a committee of overtures to meet to-morrow at six o'clock, A. M. 
at the First Presbyterian meeting-house. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

At three o'clock, P. M. met according to adjournment. Ubi post prcces 

sederunt qui supra. 
Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt, with the remainder of the 
minutes of the last Synod be read. 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 299 

Ordered, That the committee appointed last year to dispose of the interest 
of the money in the treasury of the College of New Jersey, appointed to the 
education of poor and pious youth, give an account of their disposal of said 
money to the Synod, and also a committee to be appointed the ensuing year 
at their next meeting. And that Messrs. William Tennent, Treat, Cowel, 
Guild, McKnight, and Hait, and the moderator, be a committee for the said 
purpose the following year, to meet the last Wednesday in July at Princeton, 
who are to give an account of their proceedings to the Synod at their next 
meeting. 

Mr. McWhorter's reasons for not going to Virginia, according to appoint- 
ment of the Synod last year, were sustained. Messrs. Kirkpatrick's and 
Latta's reasons for not being at Hanover in Virginia, at the appointed time, 
were also sustained. 

A supplication for supplies, and for the Rev. Mr. Duffield in particular, from 
Hanover congregation in Virginia, was brought in and read, and the Synod 
having considered the affair, voted, that the Rev. Mr. Duffield pay said people 
a visit about the beginning of September, and continue there five weeks at 
least, and as much longer as he judges expedient. Ordered, that Mr. Mills 
be at Hanover on the second Sabbath of October, and continue to supply them 
until the first of April, or in the neighbouring congregations as the Presbytery 
of Hanover shall think fit. 

Mr. Brainerd has received the greater part of the interest of the Indian fund, 
according to the vote of the Synod. 

It is known to many in the bounds of this Synod, that some ministers 
moved with an holy zeal to promote the kingdom of Christ among the Indian 
tribes, applied to the society in Scotland for propagating Christian knowledge, 
and obtained a grant of a certain sum of money yearly, to support two mis- 
sionaries to promote the conversion of the savage nations ; they employed 
Mr. David Brainerd, whose praise is in the churches of Christ, and whose 
endeavours were blessed with remarkable success in this great work of bring- 
ing the Indians to the knowledge of Christ. 

It pleased God soon to remove him from his useful labour on earth to the 
joys of his heavenly kingdom; as the name of Brainerd was dear to these 
poor tribes, his brother was chosen to succeed him in the mission, in which 
station he continued for seven or eight years, but as the prospect of a trouble- 
some war made the mission dangerous and disagreeable, the commissioners 
who employed him dismissed him from his care of the Indians, and he was 
employed to preach the gospel at Newark. 

At an Indian treaty, the province of New Jersey bought all the small tracts 
of land that the Indians claimed in different parts of the government, and that 
they might still encourage the native inhabitants to reside among them in their 
own country, they bought and bestowed on the remnant of these people about 
four thousand acres of land, which they gladly accepted ; and as many of 
them were converted to Christianity, they earnestly requested that Mr. Brai- 
nerd might be granted to them again as a gospel minister. 

The annuity which the society in Scotland had allowed to the missionary, 
was stopped upon Mr. Brainerd's dismission, though there was and is hope of 
procuring it again, Mr. Brainerd was requested by the governor and commis- 
sioners of Jersey to undertake the Indian mission. He applied to the Synod 
for advice, and though he had a very comfortable settlement at Newark, yet 
the Synod, through an earnest desire to promote the kingdom of Christ among 
these poor Indians, advised him to give up these temporal advantages, and 
settle as a missionary among those poor Indians, with which advice he readily 
and generously complied. But as there is no provision yet made to support 
him, and to answer many and various expenses in preaching to, and settling 



300 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

schools among these people, the Synod think themselves obliged to use all 
lawful endeavours to support said mission, and have now at their Synodical 
meeting agreed to contribute themselves, and to make application to the con- 
gregations in the bounds of this Synod, for a general collection to promote 
this pious and good design ; and do order that a collection for this purpose be 
made in every congregation under the care of this Synod, and that the respec- 
tive collections be sent by the moderators of the Presbyteries before the be- 
ginning of September, to Mr. Jonathan Sergeant near Princeton, who is to 
receive it and pay it to the correspondents of the Indian mission to be by them 
used for this purpose. 

Ordered, That a copy of this minute be taken by the moderators of such 
Presbyteries as are present, and sent to such as are absent. 

Adjourned to nine o'clock, to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 

23d day, at nine o'clock, A. M. The Synod met according to adjourn- 
ment. Ubi post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of our last sederunt be read. 

Ordered, That the interest arising from the Indian fund, in the hands of 
the trustees of the College of New Jersey, for this current year, be allowed to 
Mr. Brainerd. 

Ordered, That Mr. President Davies write, as soon as he can conveniently, 
to the society for managing the Indian Mission in Virginia, to let them know 
the difficult state of Indian affairs in New Jersey, and to request their interest 
and concurrence to obtain some relief for our Indian mission and schools from 
the New England company in London. And that the board of correspond- 
ents in New Jersey, be requested by said Mr. President Davies, to give a 
narrative of the state of that mission, and to request the assistance of the New 
England society for its support. Unless a fund or pension sufficient to sup- 
port that mission, be obtained from the Scotch society before the last Wed- 
nesday of next September. 

Ordered, to proceed in reading the minutes of the last year's Synod. 

Mr. McKnight was hindered from visiting the Indians, as the last Synod 
appointed, by sickness. 

Mr. Latta's reasons for not visiting the Indians are sustained. 

Mr. Kettletas supplied Newark as appointed. 

Mr. Brush preached in college as appointed. 

The committee appointed to meet at Chesnut Level, to hear and judge of 
the complaint made by Jannet Smith, report, that they met and determined 
that affair according to order. 

Agreed, that Messrs. Gilbert Tennent, Dr. Alison, Treat. Ewinc:. John 
Miller, Wilson, Samuel Finly, Blair, Boyd, Treat, Elder, Robert Smith. Wil- 
liam Tennent, Caleb Smith,' John Guild, Azariah Horton, Brown, Spencer, 
and the moderator, with the elders, Messrs. John Wallace, Gunning Bedford, 
Thomas Ewing, Hugh Hamilton, Robert Evans, John Sympson, be a com- 
mission for the ensuing year, and that any eight and the moderator be a quorum. 

The case of conscience concerning a man having married his half brother's 
widow, was brought under consideration, and several members offered their 
thoughts on it; but the further consideration was deferred till the afternoon. 

Adjourned to three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

At three o'clock, met according to adjournment. Ubi post preces sede- 
runt qui supra. 
Mr. William McCrea obtained leave to go home. 
The case of the marriage resumed. 
After some further converse on this point, agreed, that Messrs. Samuel 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 301 

Finly, James Finly, Blair, Miller, Kettletas, and Gilbert Tennent, be a com- 
mittee to bring in a sum of what they can find in Scripture and the English 
law on that point, against Monday afternoon; and also on a second case from 
Donegall Presbytery, where a brother's and sister's relicts married together; 
and on a third case of a man's marrying two sisters, one after the other's 
death. 

Ordered, to proceed in reading the minutes of the last Synod. 

Agreed, that Messrs. Cross, Gilbert Tennent, Dr. Alison, and Treat, be a 
committee to manage the affair respecting the German fund, and that Dr. Ali- 
son call the committee together as often as he sees occasion, and that some 
part, as they can afford, be allowed Mr. Duffield for his school in the year 
past. 

Mr. Rodgers had leave to go home. 

Adjourned to nine o'clock to-morrow morning. 

Concluded with prayer. 

24th day, at nine o'clock, met according to adjournment. Ubi post pre- 
ces sederunt qui supra. 

Messrs. John Sympson, Jonathan Lawrence, and Thomas Ewing, have 
leave, for weighty reasons, to go home. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

The committee for correspondence deferred. 

The affair of the fund deferred. 

The committee for the widows' fund deferred. 

Mr. Harker's affair was taken into consideration. The committee ap- 
pointed last year to converse with him brought in the following report: That 
they met at the Rev. Mr. John Pierson's, ubi post preces sederunt, minis- 
ters, xWessrs. John Pierson, Caleb Smith, Jacob Green, Timothy Jones, 
Azariah Horton, Samuel Kennedy, and Jonathan Elmore, correspondent. 

Ministers absent: Messrs. Alexander Cummins, Charles Beatty. 

Mr. Pierson chosen moderator, and Mr. Kennedy clerk. 

Mr. Samuel Harker's paper, containing his principles, together with some 
arguments to support them, was read and maturely deliberated upon; and the 
committee being in doubt what Mr. Harker's real sentiments were, as they ap- 
peared not to be clearly expressed in said paper, proceeded to query with him 
largely on the several heads, and were well pleased to find, on inquiry, that 
Mr. Harker's sentiments, in some points which on first view of his paper ap- 
peared erroneous, were in substance (though far from being happily and cau- 
tiously expressed) agreeable to the opinion of the generality of our orthodox 
divines, particularly as to all men's being in the covenant, and the regenerate's 
not being probationers for heaven; as Mr. Harker means, by the former, no 
more than this, viz. that the covenant respects the whole human race, in the 
proposals thereof; and by the latter, only designs, that every regenerate per- 
son has a sure and unfailing title to heaven, by virtue of their being interested 
in the merits of Christ. But the committee were sorry to find, that in two 
branches of doctrine Mr. Harker appears really to have fallen into an error, 
particularly in holding, that according to the tenor of the covenant of grace, 
God has bound himself, by promise, to bestow saving blessings upon the faith 
and endeavours of unregenerate men; and that God has predestinated persons 
to salvation, upon a foresight of their faith and good works, or compliance with 
the terms of the covenant. On both which heads, the committee laboured to 
convince Mr. Harker of his mistake, but without being so happy as to succeed 
in their endeavours, at least from what then appeared. Finally, they recom- 
mended to Mr. Harker greater caution in his phraseology, and that where he 
could w 7 ith a safe conscience, he would aim at the common forms of sound 
26 



302 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

words, without affecting to deviate from the usual modes of expression among 
orthodox divines. Concluded with prayer. 

As the Synod apprehend they had some success, but find him mistaken 
in the two above propositions, still it is thought expedient to try yet whether 
further converse may convince him; the Synod agree that he meet with 
Messrs. Samuel and James Finly, Blair, Robert and Sampson Smith, at Not- 
tingham, the second Tuesday of November next. And in his return meet 
with Messrs. Gilbert Tennent, Treat, Ewing, and Dr. Alison, in this city, to 
converse on these points. 

Mr. Harker got leave to go home. 

Adjourned till 10 o'clock on Monday, A. M. Concluded with prayer. 

26th day, the Synod met according to adjournment. Lbi postpreces, sede- 
runt qui supra. 

(Except Messrs. Gilbert Tennent, Treat, Dr. Alison, Lawrence, Chesnut, 
Martin, William Tennent, Roan Duffield. 

Ordered the minutes of our last to be read. 

The committee of correspondents deferred till afternoon. 

The affair of the Synod's Fund deferred till afternoon. 

The committee for the Widows' Fund deferred. 

The overtures of regulations, that were accidentally passed over in their 
proper place, are further deferred. 

A supplication from Lancaster and Leacock being considered by the Synod, 
they appoint Mr. Montgomery to supply Lancaster the first Sabbath of June, 
and at Leacock the third. 

That Mr. Carmichael supply two Sabbaths in New Castle Presbytery; 
the next two in Lewistown Presbytery ; the next four in New Castle Pres- 
bytery ; and the next six in Donegall Presbytery ; and the remainder of his 
time, till the fourth Wednesday of September, in New Castle Presbytery. 

Agreed with Mr. Latta's own consent, that he be removed from Philadel- 
phia and joined to Donegall Presbytery. 

A very pressing application being made by the English Presbyterian gentle- 
men of Albany for supplies, the Synod appointed Mr. Hector Alison to sup- 
ply there till the second Sabbath of July, if it suits his conveniency. 

The Synod appoint Mr. Eettletas to visit them against the fourth Sabbath 
of July next, and supply them four Sabbaths ; and that Mr. William Tennent 
supply them afterwards, as he can conveniently; and that Mr. Woodroff sup- 
ply Mr. Kettletas's congregation the last Sabbath of July, Mr. Richards the 
first Sabbath of August, Mr. M'Whorter the second, and Mr. Smith the third 
Sabbath. 

The supplication from Windham, in New Hampshire, deferred till after- 
noon. 

'Tis allowed that Messrs. Alexander McDowel and Hector Alison go as 
chaplains to the Pennsylvania forces, and that Mr. Kirkpatrick go with the 
New Jersey forces, the ensuing campaign. The Synod recommend that Mr. 
Kirkpatrick pay a visit to the people of Windham on his return, and that Dr. 
Alison and Mr. Ewing write a recommendatory letter to the people. 

The case of conscience about the marriage deferred. 

Mr. Robert Evans obtained leave to go home. 

Adjourned till half after three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with praver. 

At half after three o'clock, the Synod met according to adjoununcnt. i'bi 

post preces, sederunt qui supra. 
Ordered the minutes of our last to be read. 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 303 

The committee of correspondence, appointed last Synod, report that they 
have not settled any plan for it, and the appointment of another committee is 
deferred till next year. 

Ordered, that the money in Dr. Alison's hands belonging to the Widows' 
Fund be delivered to the treasurer of the corporation for said fund. 

Ordered, that Messrs. Samuel Finly, Tate, Kettletas, McDowel, and Wal- 
lace, be a committee to settle the affair of the Synod's Fund with Dr. Alison, 
and bring in the report to the Synod to-morrow morning. 

Names of persons who contributed this year to the Synod's Fund. 
Mr. James Finly brought in - - - £0 14 

Mr. Joseph Tate brought in - - - 2 2 6 

The reading the minutes of our last sederunt, from the affair of the new re- 
gulations forward, is deferred until to-morrow morning. 

Adjourned till nine o'clock, A. M. to-morrow. Concluded with prayer. 

27 th day, A. M. Ubl post preces, sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered the minutes of our last to be read. 

The committee for settling the Synod's Fund, report that they have settled 
the accounts with Dr. Alison, which was approved as appears by his books. 

The affair of regulations resumed and committed to Messrs. McDowel, 
Brainerd, Tate, and Blair, to draw up a minute concerning this affair to be of- 
fered to the consideration of the Synod to-morrow. 

The case of conscience resumed, and the committee appointed to examine 
what the English and Levitical laws have determined in this affair, brought in 
their report. 

Voted, that the consideration of the above affair be deferred until next Sy- 
nod, and that it be recommended to the several members to examine the affair 
more thoroughly before that time, and give their sentiments on it. 

The second and third cases of conscience deferred till afternoon. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

Jit three o'clock, P. M. the Synod met according to adjournment. Ubi 
post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered that the minutes of our last be read. 

Mr. Kirkpatrick has got leave to go home. 

The committee for the Widows' Fund further deferred. 

As to the second case of conscience the Synod judge, that such a marriage, 
however inexpedient it be, yet as we cannot find it prohibited by the Le- 
vitical law, it is not to be condemned as incestuous. 

The third case of conscience was considered ; and though the majority of the 
Synod think that the marriage is incestuous, and contrary to the laws of God 
and the land, and agree that it is sinful and of dangerous tendency, yet inas- 
much as some learned men are not so clear in this point, it is agreed to resunie 
the consideration hereof next year. 

An overture was brought in, that as a Professor of Divinity, to instruct 
youths for the sacred ministry, is much wanted, and highly necessary, the 
Synod would try to fall upon some measures to obtain one. And the Synod 
sensible of the need and importance of this, earnestly recommend the consi- 
deration of it to every Presbytery, that they may consult together how this 
may be accomplished, and endeavour to make the people under their care 
sensible of the importance of it; also, that they may be prepared and disposed 
to contribute to so good a design. And ordered, that a copy of this be trans- 
mitted by the clerk to the moderators of New Castle and* New Brunswick 
Presbyteries, that they may transmit it to the other Presbyteries. 

Adjourned till nine o'clock, A. M. to-morrow morning. 

Concluded with prayer. 



304 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

28/A day, at nine clock, •#• M. met according to adjournment. Ubi post 

preces sederunt qui supra. 
Ordered, That the minutes of the last be read. 

The committee for the Widows' Fund brought in their report, which may 
be seen in the Corporation Book. 

Ordered, That Dr. Alison apply to the Corporation for a copy of their plan 
to be transmitted to each Presbytery. 

Ordered, That Mr. Lawrence supply Mr. Beatty's pulpit the first and se- 
cond Sabbaths of June; Mr. Treat the third; Mr. Ramsey the fourth and fifth; 
Mr. Clark the first and third of July; Mr. Treat the second; Mr. McKnight the 
fourth and the first of August ; Mr. Treat the second ; Mr. Brainerd the third 
and fourth ; Dr. Alison the fifth ; Mr. Treat the first of September ; Dr. Alison 
the second ; Mr. Blair the third ; Mr. Samuel Finly the fourth ; Mr. Treat the 
first of October; Mr. Hunter the second; Mr. Chesnut the third; Mr. James 
Finly the fourth ; Mr. Treat the first of November; Mr. Montgomery the se- 
cond; Mr. McWhorter the third; and Mr. Rodgers the fourth and fifth. 

The committee appointed to prepare a minute upon the affair of regulations 
brought in the following, which was approved : 

The Synod judge, that, agreeably to the usage of other judicatures of our 
denomination, it is expedient, especially for such younger members, as shall 
be introduced into this body from year to year, to be acquainted with the order 
in which they are to conduct themselves and observe the following practice: 
Every year, after the Synod is met and a new moderator chosen, the for- 
mer moderator, before he leave the chair, shall remind his successor, that 
agreeably to the character he is now chosen to sustain, he is not to leave his 
chair, nor speak in any affair debated, unless allowed by the Synod, but is 
only to be a public person to whom all shall speak, and the common mouth of 
the Synod ; and is to see that becoming order be maintained by all the mem- 
bers, according to the following common rules, which they are all agreed to 
observe : 

That no member speak to any affair until he respectfully ask and obtain 
leave of the moderator ; that all speeches be addressed to the moderator ; and 
when a member has done speaking he shall sit down, or otherwise signify 
that he has done. 

No member shall multiply speeches on the same point, unless some new 
matter is started, or he has been misunderstood, or has forgot something he 
intended to say ; and when any seem likely to waste time by speaking often, 
the moderator may confine each to speak once only in the order of the roll. 

That no member interrupt another while he is speaking, or offer any differ- 
ent matter after a motion is made, till it be judged of; nor shall he speak to 
any matter after the Synod have judged it ripe for a vote, unless he obtain 
leave of the Synod by the moderator. 

That in all debates the members shall treat each other with becoming res- 
pect and decency. 

That none shall withdraw, or be absent, in the time of a session without 
the leave of the Synod obtained by the moderator. 

That while the Synod is transacting business there shall be no unseason- 
able private whispering, or conversation on other affairs, but all shall attend 
with gravity and decency. 

If any member act indecently and disorderly, contrary to these rules, the 
moderator shall reprove, or otherwise censure him as the Synod shall judge 
proper, and if any member shall think himself denied of any just right, or un- 
justly blamed by the moderator, he shall not speak disrespectfully to him, but 
modestly require the Synod's judgment in the case. 

After the former moderator has recommended these things to the care of his 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 305 

successor, he shall address the members of the Synod expressing his earnest 
desire and hope, that they will give all due respect and encouragement to their 
moderator, in his duty, observe these rules themselves, and in all things main- 
tain the dignity, gravity, and decency, the mutual love and confidence that 
become their character. And the Synod recommend the observation of such 
rules to all the Presbyteries. 

The Synod seriously considering the dangerous situation of our public 
affairs, and the melancholy state of religion, agree that the nineteenth day of 
next June be set apart as a day of public fasting and prayer in all the congre- 
gations under the care of this Synod, where the government under which they 
live have not this year already appointed a public fast; that all may humble 
themselves before Almighty God, to deprecate his wrath, and to pray for the 
Divine blessing on his majesty's counsels and arms, and the revival of true 
piety and religion among us. 

Five queries were brought in, which are as follows: 

First query. How many ministers are necessary to request the moderator 
of the commission of the Synod, or of any of our Presbyteries, to oblige the 
moderator to call any of these judicatures to do occasional business? 

Second query. Whether, by our constitution, a new moderator ought not 
to be chosen as oft as one of our judicatures meet, excepting the commission 
of the Synod, which is a representative of the body? 

Third query. Whether our students, bred in our colleges, have not a right 
to apply to any of our Presbyteries for improvement for the sacred work of 
the ministry? and whether they ought not to be received upon sufficient re- 
commendations ? 

Fourth query. Whether any minister, or probationer, ordained or licensed 
in Scotland, England, Ireland, Connecticut, or in any of the Reformed 
Churches, ought not to be admitted as a gospel minister, or probationer, if he 
produce sufficient certificates that he was orderly ordained or licensed, and 
has behaved according to his character, provided he adopts our Confession, 
and promises subjection in the Lord? 

Fifth query. Whether it is regular for our students of divinity, who intend 
to return and officiate in the bounds of the Synod, to go into New England, 
or elsewhere, in order to be licensed? 

The further consideration of these queries is referred till afternoon. 

Mr. Robert Smith got leave to go home. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

At three o'clock, P. M. met according to adjournment. Ubi post preces 
sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of our last be read. 

The consideration of the five queries resumed. 

In answer to the first query, the Synod judge, that meetings of judicatures, 
pro re nata, can only be necessary on account of important occurrences un- 
known at their last meeting, and which cannot be safely deferred till their 
stated meeting, such as scandal raised on a minister's character, tending to 
destroy his usefulness, and bring reproach on religion; or feuds in a con- 
gregation threatening its dissolution; or some dangerous error, or heresy 
broached; but not for matters judicially deferred by the judicature, except 
some unforeseen circumstance occurs, which makes it appear that some prin- 
cipal things on which the judgment depends may then be had, and cannot be 
obtained if it is deferred till their stated meeting ; nor, for any matters that or- 
dinarily come in at their stated meetings. And when such occasional meet- 
ings appear necessary to the moderator himself, it is proper to call the judica- 
ture together, or upon the application of any two members judging it neces- 
26* 



306 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

sary, provided always, that seasonable notice be given to all the members of 
the occasion, time, and place of meeting, and that it be appointed at such a 
season as may render the attendance of the members practicable. But the 
advice of four or five is judged necessary to call the commission of the Synod. 

Voted, That Mr. Hugh Williamson, a probationer in the ministry, who 
was licensed in Connecticut, should be received under the care of the Synod. 

The consideration of the remaining queries deferred till next year. 

An address from the clergy of the Church of England belonging to this 
city was brought in and read ; wherein they complain that some members of 
this Synod have intermeddled in their church affairs to their disliking, and 
query, whether the paper which they say was signed by the moderator and 
some other members, was signed as a synodical act. 

The Synod assure these Reverend Gentlemen that they never signed it as 
a synodical body, nor heard the paper read in Synod, nor was it as much as 
made known to many of the members of this body. As we have not seen the 
paper we cannot judge how far they have concerned themselves in the affairs 
of the Church of England. We desire to intermeddle with no affairs that do 
not belong to us, but as a body can neither prevent the private correspondence 
of our members, nor oblige them to produce their letters ; but we presume, if 
application should be made to the persons who have written, a sight of the 
paper may be obtained. And we heartily desire that the same good under- 
standing which has hitherto happily subsisted between us and the Reverend 
Gentlemen of the Church of England, may still continue. 

Ordered, That the clerk give a copy of this minute if desired. 

Adjourned till the third Wednesday in May next, to meet in Philadelphia, 
at the second Presbyterian meeting-house, at three o'clock, P. M. 

Concluded with prayer. 

Philadelphia, May 20th, 1761. 

The Synod of New r York and Philadelphia met, according to adjournment, 
at the Second Presbyterian Church. Cbi post preces sederunt. 

Of Philadelphia Presbytery: Messrs. Robert Cross, Dr. Alison, Andrew 
Hunter, Daniel Lawrence, John Simonton, Gilbert Tennent, Benjamin Ches- 
nut, William Ramsey, James Latta, Richard Treat, Henry Martin, John 
Ewing, John Beard. 

Of New Castle Presbytery: Messrs. Adam Boyd, William McKennan, 
Daniel Thane, Andrew Sterling, Samuel Finly, James Finly, Alexander 
McDowell, John Strain, John Blair, John Rodgers, Hector Alison, John 
Carmichael. 

OfDonegall Presbytery: Messrs. John Steel, George Dufheld, Robert 
Smith, Sampson Smith, John Roan, Joseph Tate, Robert McMurdie. 

Of Lewestown Presbytery: Messrs. John Miller, Matthew Wilson, Hugh 
Henry, John Harris. 

Of New Brunswick Presbytery : Messrs. William Tennent, Samuel Harker, 
Benjamin Hait, James Caldwell. James McCrea, Israel Read, William Kirk- 
patrick, John Clark, Charles McKnight, Elihu Spencer, James Hunt. 

Of New York Presbytery: Messrs. Azariah Horton, Caleb Smith, Simon 
Horton, Timothy Jones, Benjamin Woodroff, Jonathan Elmore, David Bost- 
wick. 

Of Hanover Presbytery: Messrs. Richard Zanchy. John Todd. Ministers. 
Elders: John Williams, Thomas Francis. James Wild en, David Hemming, 
Francis Gardner, Daniel William, Samuel Stevens, Daniel Dickinson, Hugh 
Mcllroy, Joshua Thomas, Anthony Tate, James Evans, William Wallace, 
Moses Irwin, Jared Graham, John King, Jacob Ford, Andrew Gregg. David 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 307 

Caldwell, Thomas Ogden, Walter Stewart, James Boyd, Josiah Scott, Wil- 
liam Walker, Gilbert Hendricson, Benjamin Bonnel, David Davies. 

Absent members of Philadelphia Presbytery : Messrs. Charles Beatty and 
Nehemiah Greenman. 

Of New Castle Presbytery: Messrs. Alexander Hutchison, Charles Ten- 
nent, and Andrew Bay. 

Of Donegall Presbytery: Messrs. Samuel Thompson, John Elder, and John 
Hogg. 

Of Lewestown Presbytery: Mr. Moses Tuttle. 

Of New Brunswick Presbytery : Messrs. Samuel Kennedy, Job Prudden, 
John Hannah, Conradus Worts, John Guild. 

Of New York Presbytery: Messrs. John Pierson, John Maltby, John 
Moffat, John Derby, Timothy Allen, John Brainerd, Hugh Knox, Chauncy 
Graham, Aaron Richards, Nathaniel Whitaker, Jacob Green, Enos Ayres, 
Silas Leonard, Abraham Kettletas, Abner Brush. 

Of Suffolk Presbytery: Messrs. Ebenezer Prime, Sylvanus White, Samuel 
Buel, James Brown, Benjamin Talmadge, Moses Balden, Abner Reeves, Sa- 
muel Sacket, Eliphalet Ball, Ezra Reeves, Thomas Lewis. 

Of Hanover Presbytery: Messrs. Alexander Craighead, Robert Henry, John 
Wright, John Craig, John Brown, Henry Patillo, Alexander Miller, Samuel 
Black, Hugh McCadden. 

The Synod was opened by a sermon on 2 Tim. ii. 2, by Mr. Treat. 

Mr. Elihu Spencer chosen moderator, and Mr. John Rodgers clerk. 

Adjourned till nine o'clock to-morrow morning. 

Concluded with prayer. 

2\st May, at nine o'clock, Jl. 31. the Synod met according to adjourn- 
ment. Ubipost preces, sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last Synod be read. 

Ordered, That a letter be wrote to Mr. Silas Leonard, to know his reasons 
for not attending our Synod, and to inform him, that if he does not either at- 
tend, or give us sufficient reasons for his absence, his name shall be left out of 
our book. 

The Presbytery of Philadelphia report, that they have ordained to the sa- 
cred work of the ministry, since our last meeting, Mr. John Simonton and 
Mr. John Beard. 

New Castle Presbytery report, that they have also ordained to the same 
sacred work, Mr. John Strain and Mr. John Carmichael. 

New Brunswick Presbytery report, that they have ordained Mr. James 
Hunt, Mr. James Caldwell, Mr. John Hannah, and Mr. John Clark, and that 
they have licensed Mr. Amos Thompson, Mr. Samuel Parkhurst and Mr. Jo- 
seph Treat. 

Hanover Presbytery report that they have licensed Mr. James Waddel. 

The Presbytery of New Brunswick further report that it has pleased God 
to remove by death, since our last, the Rev. Mr. President Davies and the 
Rev. Mr. David Co well. 

New York Presbytery informs us, that the Rev. Mr. Alexander Cumming 
is removed to Boston. And the Presbytery of Hanover report, that Mr. 
William Richardson is joined to the Presbytery of South Carolina. 

Ordered, That Messrs. Blair, Ramsay, Sampson Smith, Henry, Simon Hor- 
ton, William Tennent, and Richard Zanchy, be a committee of overtures to 
meet at eight o'clock to-morrow morning, at the second Presbyterian church, 
and as often as there may be occasion. 

Ordered, That Messrs. William Tennent, Treat, Guild, Ewing, McKnight, 



308 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

Caleb Smith, Bostwick, and Hait, be a committee to dispose of the mo- 
ney in the hands of the treasurer of the college of New Jersey, for the 
education of poor and pious youth for this year, and that they meet at Prince- 
ton on the last Wednesday of July for this purpose ; and that they prepare a 
book in which the accounts of said disposal be regularly inserted, and that this 
or an attested copy thereof, be laid before the Synod at our next meeting. 

The reasons for Mr. Duffield's not going to Hanover, are sustained; as 
also Mr. Mills's. 

Upon inquiry who had collected for the Indian mission, as ordered last 
year, it is found the order was not fulfilled by Messrs. Chesnut, Martin, Gil- 
bert Tennent, Steel, Sampson Smith, Dufneld, Roan, McMurdie, Harris, 
McCrea, Harker, Simon Horton, Zanchy, and Todd. Ordered, that these 
gentlemen collect for this purpose as soon as possible. And that the several 
Presbyteries take due care that collections for this end be made by their absent 
members who have not complied; that vacant congregations be warmly ap- 
plied to by their respective Presbyteries on this head; and that their several 
sums be sent to Mr. Sergeant or Mr. Evving as soon as convenient, and, if 
possible, before the next commencement of the College of New Jersey. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

Three o'clock, F. M. Ubi post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

Ordered, That the remainder of the last Synod's minutes be read. 

The affair of the Indian mission, and the inquiry whether the interest of the 
Indian fund, in the hands of the trustees of the College of New Jersey was 
paid to Mr. Brainerd, deferred. 

Ordered, That Messrs. Gilbert Tennent, Treat, Dr. Alison, Ewing, John 
Miller, Wilson, Samuel Finly, Blair, Boyd, Tate, Elder, Robert Smith, 
William Tennent, Caleb Smith, Guild, Azariah Horton, Brown, Rodgers, and 
the moderator, with the elders, Messrs. David Caldwell, John Williams, 
Joshua Thomas, James Evans, and David Hemming, be the commission of 
the Synod for the ensuing year, and that eight of them, and the moderator, be 
a quorum. 

Ordered, That Messrs. Cross and Gilbert Tennent, with Dr. Alison, be a 
committee to confer with the trustees of the German fund, about the annuity 
allowed out of said fund. 

The ministers belonging to the corporation for the relief of poor and dis- 
tressed Presbyterian ministers, their widows and children, have leave to meet 
to-morrow at five o'clock, with the other members of that body. 

Mr. Harker's case came to be considered. He declared to the Synod, that 
he had prepared his sentiments for the press, yet if the Synod would take the 
trouble to read his performance, and convince him that he is wrong, he would 
amend what is so, otherwise he would think himself obliged to print without 
delay. The Synod have not sufficient time to read and dispute every point in 
his performance, which they may judge erroneous or suspicious. Several 
members of this body have heard him discourse on these subjects, and have 
read some parts of his performance, who think he labours under several mis- 
takes; but as the whole Synod cannot form a judgment upon his sentiments 
from the report of a few who may understand them, they only at present de- 
clare to the world, that as far as they have been acquainted with his opinions, 
they do not approve of some of them. 

The Synod further agree, that if Mr. Harker, notwithstanding this disap- 
probation, shall proceed to print, every member may bring in their remarks 
upon his book to the next Synod in order to their further notice, and that Dr. 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 309 

Alison, Messrs. Treat, Ewing, Samuel Finly, Steel, and McDowell, or any 
three of them be in particular a committee for this purpose. 

Adjourned till nine o'clock, to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 

22d day, nine o'clock, A. M. Ubi post preces, sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

The affair of the Indian mission further deferred. 

The supplies appointed to Albany, fulfilled. 

Messrs. Robert Cross, Gilbert Tennent, Dr. Alison, McDowell, Treat, 
Samuel Finly, and Rodgers, are appointed a committee of correspondence for 
the ensuing year. 

Dr. Alison represented, that there was some money in his hands belonging 
to the fund of the late Synod of Philadelphia, which he thought himself un- 
qualified to lay out for the use of this body in a legal mariner, and that other 
sums due to the Synod were in danger of being lost, as they were not a body 
corporate invested with a power to sue and be sued; and he requested that 
this Synod would be pleased to put this fund on a surer footing if possible. 

The Synod agree, that all money belonging to that fund be put into the 
hands of the corporation, for the relief of poor and distressed Presbyterian 
ministers, their widows and children, to be managed by them in trust, for the 
Synod, after the same manner that certain sums belonging to this body, appro- 
priated to the education of poor and pious youths, are put into the hands of 
the trustees of the college of New Jersey, to be managed in trust for us; and 
that said sums be disposed of according to an agreement made between the 
members of the late Synod of Philadelphia, until the widows, who were under 
that Synod's care at the union of the two Synods die, or be otherwise pro- 
vided for. 

Ordered, That Dr. Alison, with Messrs. William Tennent and Samuel 
Finly, wait on the above corporation, and request them to accept this trust; 
and that these gentlemen, with Messrs. Treat and Ewing, or any three of 
them, act and do every thing relative to this affair. 

Ordered, That Messrs. McDowell, Steel, Blair, Ewing, and Rodgers, be a 
committee to settle the affairs of the Synod's fund with Dr. Alison, and make 
such distributions of its interest as they may think necessary for the past 
year; and that they bring in their report to the Synod on Monday morning. 

The first and third cases of conscience came to be considered. Dr. Alison, 
Messrs. McDowell, Samuel Finly, Blair, Bostvvick, Caleb Smith, Duffield, 
Wilson, and Steel, are appointed a committee to prepare a minute on this sub- 
ject, and bring it in as soon as possible. 

The affair of a professor of divinity came to be considered. And the Synod 
agree to promote this good purpose ; but as several useful designs are at pre- 
sent under consideration, which may prevent our raising a sufficient fund for 
this end at this time, it is deferred till a more convenient season. 

But the Synod being deeply sensible, that the church suffers greatly for 
want of an opportunity to instruct students in the knowledge of divinity, it is 
hereby agreed, that every student after he has been admitted to his first degree 
in the college, shall read carefully and closely on this subject, at least one 
year, under the care of some minister of an approved character for his skill in 
theology ; and under his direction shall discuss difficult points in divinity, 
study the sacred Scriptures, form sermons, lectures, and such other useful 
exercises as he may be directed to in the course of his studies. 

And it is enjoined likewise, tr;at every preacher, for the first year after his 
licensure, shall show all his sermons to some minister in our Presbyteries, 
on whose friendship and candour he depends, written fairly to have them cor- 
rected and amended. And as they are but young preachers, we are persuaded 



310 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

that no better method can be taken in present circumstances to improve them 
in Christian knowledge and render them eminently useful in their stations. 
It is also enjoined that they preach as often as they can before stated ministers, 
that they may correct their gesture, pronunciation, delivery, and the like. 
And it is farther enjoined that all our ministers and probationers forbear read- 
ing their sermons from the pulpit, if they can conveniently. 

The supplies for Mr. Beatty's congregation deferred till next sederunt. 

Adjourned till three o'clock. Concluded with prayer. 

Three o'clock, P. M. Ubi post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, The minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

The reasons of Mr. Brainerd's absence being made known to the Synod, 
they are sustained. 

The consideration of the Indian mission further deferred. 

The Synod seriously considering the situation of our public affairs, and the 
melancholy state of religion, agree that the second Thursday of June be set 
apart as a day of public fasting and prayer, in all the congregations under the 
care of this Synod, where the government under which they live has not, or 
shall not before that time, appoint another day for this purpose; that all may 
humble themselves before Almighty God, to deprecate his just displeasure, 
and pray for the blessing of heaven on his majesty's person, counsels, and 
arms; and for the revival of true piety, and decaying religion among us. 

In answer to the second question in our last year's minutes, respecting the 
choice of a new moderator, it is agreed, that no moderator has a right to pre- 
side in any of our Presbyteries but by virtue of the election of the members 
then met; but the presbyters may elect the same person for their moderator 
from time to time, if they think proper. 

The answer to the third, fourth, and fifth queries deferred. 

An overture was brought in, to the following purpose, viz. As holiness is a 
qualification requisite in a gospel minister, query, whether it be the duty of a 
Presbytery, and possible for them, to make candidates give a narration of 
their personal exercises, and upon this form a judgment of their real spiritual 
state towards God, as the ground of admitting or rejecting them? This de- 
ferred to further consideration. 

Adjourned till six o'clock to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 

23d day, six o'clock, A. 31. Ubi post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, The minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

The affair of the Indian mission came to be considered. It is agreed that 
Messrs. William Tennent, Bostwick, Caleb Smith, McKnight, Azariah Hor- 
ton, Simon Horton, McDowell, Kirkpatrick, and the moderator, be a com- 
mittee to consider this matter, and bring in their report on Tuesday morning. 

The answers to the third, fourth, and fifth queries further deferred. 

The overture respecting the examination of candidates, deferred till next 
sederunt. 

A supplication was brought in for supplies, from Hico, Hawfields, Enno, 
Coddle Creek, Rocky River, Davidson's Creek, and Lower Settlement, near 
the Atkin River, all in North Carolina, and particularly for unsettled ministers 
or candidates. 

A supplication from the Presbyterian congregation in Kent, in Maryland, 
was brought in and read, requesting to be dismissed from Lewestown Presby- 
tery. The Synod judge it is not expedient to grant this request; but order that 
the Presbytery of New Castle assist their brethren of Lewestown in supply- 
ing that congregation as much as possible. 

Supplications were brought in from the Presbyterit^ of Lewestown, Done- 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 21 1 

gall, and Hanover, for candidates, or unsettled ministers, to be sent to 
them. 

Adjourned till ten o'clock on Monday morning. Concluded with prayer. 

25th day, ten o'clock, «#. M. The Synod met according to adjournment. 
Ubi post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Francis Gardner had leave to go home. 

The answer to the third, fourth, and fifth queries deferred. 

Mr. Caldwell is appointed to supply the southern vacancies, particularly 
those in Carolina, who now supplicate us ; and to go thither as soon as possi- 
ble : and the clerk is ordered to give him a recommendation. 

Mr. Hunt is appointed to supply the vacancies in Virginia, particularly the 
Northern Neck. 

A letter from the convention of the Episcopal Clergy, now in this city, to 
the Synod, was brought in and read, complaining of a number of our body 
for interfering in the settlement of Mr. McClenachan in the city of Philadel- 
phia, together with a letter wrote to the Archbishop of Canterbury on this 
subject. 

The consideration of this affair deferred till next sederunt. 

It was overtured that an address to his majesty should be presented by this 
Synod. Dr. Alison, Messrs. Bostwick, Caleb Smith, and Rodgers, are ap- 
pointed a committee to draw up said address, and bring it in to-morrow 
morning. 

The queries relating to marriage were taken under consideration, and after 
some conversation on them, further deferred till next sederunt. 

The remainder of our last sederunt' s minutes deferred till our next. 

Adjourned till three o'clock. Concluded with prayer. 

Three o'clock, P. M. Post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, The minutes of the last sederunt, and the remainder of the pre- 
ceding, be read. 

The complaint of the Episcopal Clergy further deferred. 

The affair of the Indian mission resumed. 4 

The Synod taking this matter into serious consideration, judge that though 
the mission among the Oneida Indians, overtured by Mr. Kirkpatrick, is a 
matter of great importance, and which we would gladly favour, were it in our 
power, yet, inasmuch as after all the inquiry we can make, no person can be 
found to undertake said mission, nor can we in present circumstances raise a 
sufficient supply for its support, it is agreed that we will to the utmost of our 
power, support Mr. Brainerd; and for this purpose agree that another collec- 
tion shall be raised in all our congregations, one hundred and fifty pounds of 
which shall be allowed to Mr. Brainerd for the ensuing year; and that those 
who have not yet collected shall be included in this order, besides their fulfil- 
ing the order of the last year's Synod on this subject. And Mr. Simon Hor- 
ton is appointed to notify the Presbytery of Suffolk of this determination. 

Mr. Rodgers to supply at Neshaminy the fourth Sabbath instant; Mr. Clark 
the first of June; Dr. Alison the second of June; Mr. Williamson the third; 
Mr. Treat the fourth; Mr. Sampson Smith the first of July; Dr. Alison the 
second; Mr. Williamson the third; Mf. Treat the fourth; Mr. Latta the first 
of August; Mr. Blair the second; Mr. Ewing the third; Mr. Treat the 
fourth; Mr. Carmichael the fifth; Mr. Kirkpatrick the first of September; 
Mr. McDowell the second; Mr. Treat the third; Mr. McKnight the fourth; 
Mr. Thane the first of October; Mr. Martin the second; Mr. Treat the third; 
Mr. Chesnut the fourth ; and Mr. Latta the first of November. 

An appeal from a judgment of the Presbytery of New York, entered by 



312 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

Mr. Kettletas, was read. The minutes of the Presbytery were also read, 
and their reasons in support of their judgment. 

It is agreed that Messrs. William Tennent, Hunter, Treat, Dr. Alison, 
Samuel Finly, McKnight, Read, Ewing, Hait, Hector Alison, McDowell, 
Sampson Smith, Ramsey, and Rodgers, be a committee to determine this 
matter, to meet at Princeton on the last Tuesday of September, at ten o'clock 
in me morning; seven to be a quorum, and that the clerk notify Mr. Kettletas 
of this appointment. 

The cases of conscience respecting marriage were resumed, and after the 
most mature deliberation, the Synod judge as follows : That as the Levitical 
law, enforced also by the civil laws of the land, is the only rule by which we 
are to judge of marriages, whoever marry within the degrees of consanguinity 
or affinity forbidden therein, act unlawfully, and have no right to the distin- 
guishing privileges of the churches ; and as the marriages in question appear 
to be within the prohibited degrees, they are to be accounted unlawful, and the 
persons suspended from special communion while they continue in this rela- 
tion. 

Adjourned till six o'clock, to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 



2&h day, six o'clock, Ji. M. Post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

The complaint of the Episcopal clergy came to be considered, and Messrs. 
McDowell, Caleb Smith, Samuel Finly, Wilson, Hector Alison, being ap- 
pointed a committee to draw up a minute on this subject, brought it in, and is 
as follows: 

The Synod would be sorry that any occasion of difference should arise be- 
tween us and that church, and are of opinion that the brethren mentioned acted 
without due consideration and improperly in that affair, and particularly for 
the induction of Mr. McClanachan to this city, for induction in a legal sense is 
what we disapprove as contrary to our principles. But the members com- 
plained of declare as follows, viz: That by induction they did not mean a 
forcible obtrusion of a minister upon the people against their will, which their 
principles as Presbyterians would never allow them to propose ; but only the 
Archbishop's influence in settling the gentleman in question, with the consent 
of the majority of said congregation, which they understood was the true state 
of the case. And the Synod further think, these brethren should not lie un- 
der the imputation of what is quoted from Mr. McClanachan's letter, merely 
upon his doubtful insinuation, nor be put to the unusual task of clearing them- 
selves when there is no evidence against them, and we hope this will satisfy 
the gentlemen who complain.* 

Mr. Brainerd is now come. 

A motion was made from Hanover in Virginia, earnestly requesting that 
Mr. Joseph Treat should be appointed to visit that important congregation as 
soon as possible, with a view to his settlement among them; the Svnod ap- 
prove the motion, and recommend it to Mr. Treat that he comply therewith, 
and also to the Presbytery of New Brunswick to appoint him there without 
delay. 

The address to his majesty not yet brought in. 

An overture was made by Dr. Alison, that an address should be presented 
to his honour the governor of this province, in favour of the captives dispersed 
among the savages to the westward. 

Adjourned till three o'clock. Concluded with prayer. 

* See Miller's Life of Rodgers, 8vo. page 105, et seq. 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 313 

Three o'clock, P. M. Post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

The overture respecting the examination of candidates about their religious 
experiences, deferred till our next Synod. 

The answer to the third, fourth, and fifth queries in our last year's minutes, 
and so often repeated, also deferred till our next Synod. 

The appeal from Donegall Presbytery also deferred. 

An overture was brought in by a number of the members of Philadelphia 
Presbytery, that they might be set off as a distinct Presbytery; this also 
deferred. 

Ordered, That the address to his majesty be finished by the committee, and 
that Mr. Cross sign it as moderator. 

Mr. Ewing is appointed clerk to sign the minute in answer to the Episco- 
pal clergy's letter. 

Adjourned till the third Wednesday of May next, to meet at the first Pres- 
byterian church in this city, at ten o'clock in the morning. 

Concluded with prayer. 

Philadelphia, May the 19/A, 1762. 

The Synod of New York and Philadelphia met according to adjournment, 
at the first Presbyterian church. Ubi post preces sederunt, 

Of the Presbytery of Philadelphia: Messrs. Gilbert Tennent, Francis Ali- 
son, Richard Treat, John Ewing, Andrew Hunter, William Ramsey, Daniel 
Lawrence, John Simonton, John Brainerd, James Latta, John Clark, Ben- 
jamin Chesnutt, Henry Martin, John Griffiths. 

Of New Castle Presbytery: Messrs. Alexander McDowell, John Blair, 
Charles Tennent, James Finly, William McKennan, John Carmichael, John 
Rodgers, and John Strain. 

Of New York Presbytery: Messrs. Azariah Horton, Alexander McWhor- 
ter, and James Caldwell. 

Of New Brunswick Presbytery: Messrs. William Tennent, Samuel Finley, 
James McCrea, Charles McKnight, Elihu Spencer, Benjamin Hait, John 
Hanna. 

Of Donegall Presbytery : Messrs. Robert Smith, George Duffield, and John 
Beard. 

Of Lewestown Presbytery: Messrs. Matthew Wilson, Moses Tuttle, John 
Miller, Hugh Henry. 

Of Hanover Presbytery : Mr. Hugh McCaden. 

Elders: Messrs. Gunning Bedford, Francis Brewster, Joseph Ogden, 
Daniel Stilwell, Joseph Williams, John Grier, Thomas Armstrong, William 
Barnet, James Robison, John Adams, John Little, David Ramsey, John 
Matthews, John Hanna, Samuel Allen, Joseph Collins, Theophilus Alexan- 
der, Willian Gallacher, Anthony Tate. 

Absent: Of Philadelphia Presbytery: Messrs. Robert Cross, Charles 
Beatty, and Nehemiah Greenman. 

Of New York Presbytery: Messrs. John Pierson, Timothy Jones, Jacob 
Green, Caleb Smith, Aaron Richards, Jonathan Elmore, Simon Horton, 
David Bostwick, Benjamin Woodroff, John Smith, Chancey Graham, Enos 
Ayres, John Moffat, Abner Brush, John Maltby, Hugh Knox, John Derbey. 

Of New Brunswick Presbytery : Messrs. Samuel Kennedy, Israel Reed, 
Samuel Harker, Job Pruden, John Guild. 

Of New Castle Presbytery: Messrs. Alexander Hutchinson, Adam Boyd, 
Andrew Sterling, Andrew Bay, Hector Alison, Daniel Thane. 

Of Donegall Presbytery: Messrs. John Steel, John Elder, Samuel Thom- 
27 



314 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

son, John Roan, Joseph Tate, Sampson Smith, Robert McMordie, John 
Hogg. 

Of Lewestown Presbytery: Mr. John Harris. 

Of Hanover Presbytery: Messrs. Alexander Craighead, John Todd, John 
Wright, Richard Zanchy, Robert Henry, John Craig, John Brown, Henry 
Petillo, Alexander Millar, Samuel Black, James Hunt. 

Absent, the whole Presbytery of Suffolk. 

The Synod was opened by Mr. Elihu Spencer, the last year's moderator, 
with a sermon from Acts xx. 28. 

Mr. Brainerd was chosen moderator, and Mr. DufTleld clerk. 

Ordered, That the minutes of last Synod be read. 

The reason of their absence from last Synod given by Messrs. Charles 
Tennent, Tuttle, Hanna, and McCaden, were sustained. 

As Mr. Silas Leonard has not sent an answer to our letter, the clerk is or- 
dered to write to him as soon as it can be done conveniently. 

The Presbytery of Philadelphia report, that since our last they have licensed 
Mr. Samuel Magaw to preach the gospel; and the Presbytery of New Bruns- 
wick report, that they have ordained since our last Messrs. Samuel Packhurst, 
Joseph Treat, and William Mills, and have licensed Messrs. William Ten- 
nent, jun'r. and Enoch Green. New York Presbytery, that they have or- 
dained Mr. Azael Roe. Lewes Presbytery, that they have ordained Mr. Jo- 
seph Montgomery, who, with Mr. Samuel Packhurst, took their places as 
members. 

On hearing these reports a question was proposed, whether it be proper to 
ordain to the ministry, sine titulo, except for some particular mission. The 
consideration of which is deferred till our next sederunt. 

Appointed as a committee of overtures, Messrs. Treat, Caldwell, McCrea, 
McDowell, Robert Smith, Wilson, and Hunt, to meet to-morrow evening at 
the first Presbyterian meeting-house in this city after six o'clock this day, and 
as often afterwards as may be necessary. 

The committee appointed last year to dispose of the money in the hands of 
the treasurer of New Jersey college, for the education of poor pious young 
men for the work of the ministry, not having prepared matters to lay before 
the Synod, are continued a committee for that end the ensuing year, and are 
strictly enjoined to bring in at our next meeting, an exact account of the dis- 
posal of that money since the year 1758, and of the present state of that fund, 
for which end they are appointed to meet at the time of the examination of 
candidates for degrees at the New Jersey college this ensuing summer. 

Mr. James Hunt is now come. 

Appointed as a commission of the Synod for the ensuing year, Messrs. 
Gilbert Tennent, Treat, Dr. Alison, Ewing, John Millar, Wilson, President 
Finley, Blair, Boyd, Tate, Elder, Robert Smith, William Tennent, Caleb 
Smith, Guild, Azariah Horton, Rodgers, Spencer, and the moderator, with the 
following Elders, Messrs. Gunning Bedford, Francis Brewster, William Barnet, 
and James Robison, and that eight ministers, with the moderator, be a quorum : 
and that in case of the moderator's death or absence, the first in the order of 
the minute, who shall be present, be the moderator. 

Adjourned till nine of the clock, to-morrow morning. 

Concluded with prayer. 

May the 20th, at nine, A. M. Post preces sederunt qui supra. 
Messrs. Tate, Roan, and Sampson Smith, and their elders, Messrs. Patrick 
Campble, George Clingan, William Steel, are now come, and their reasons for 
absence yesterday, sustained. 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 3 15 

Messrs. George Bryan, David Fulton, and Hugh Hamilton, elders, are now 
come. 

The clerk is appointed to write to the Presbytery of Suffolk, to know why 
they were absent these three years past, and to let them know that the Synod 
expect that they will at least send commissioners to attend their meeting. 

The Synod order their Presbyteries more punctually to bring in their Pres- 
bytery books to be examined. 

Mr. Samuel Harker and Mr. Kennedy are come, and their reasons for their 
absence are sustained. Samuel Douglass, an elder, is come with Mr. Ken- 
nedy. 

Doctor Alison informs the Synod, that he has in his hands some money 
allowed out of the German fund for supporting a school, of which he will give 
an account before our Synod breaks up, or at our next Synodical meeting ; 
and further informs us, that the fund for the German emigrants is now ex- 
hausted, and it is supposed that any further supplies from that fund can hardly 
be expected. 

As Mr. Harker has, without the approbation of the Synod, printed a book 
containing his principles, Messrs. Spencer, Rodgers, Blair, Lawrence, Mc- 
Dowell, Wilson, and Robert Smith, are appointed as a committee to examine 
said book, and to bring in a report before the Synod breaks up. 

The appointment of a committee to correspond with the foreign churches, 
deferred. 

The corporation for the relief of poor and distressed Presbyterian ministers, 
and their widows and children, have agreed to accept the trust of whatever 
sums of money may be paid to them for the uses agreed to at uniting the 
Synods, as was requested in our name by Messrs. Dr. Francis Alison, Wil- 
liam Tennent, and Samuel Finley. 

The committee appointed last year to manage the affair of putting that 
money into the hands of the corporation, is continued. 

Ordered, That Messrs. McDowell, Steel, Blair, Ewing, and Rodgers, be a 
committee to settle tlie affairs of the Synod's fund with Dr. Alison, and make 
distributions of the interest according to the agreement at the union, and bring 
in a report next Monday morning. 

Inquiry being made who had made collections for the Indian mission, it is 
ordered that all who have made collections, do this day, between the hours of 
two and three, pay them to Mr. Ewing, and that he bring in an account of 
what is done. 

Adjourned till three of the clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

May the 20th, at three of the clock, P. M. met according to adjournment. 
Ubi post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Mr. Steel is now come with his elder, Jonathan Holmes, his reasons for his 
absence are sustained. 

Ordered, That the minutes of our last sederunt be read. 

The Synod seriously considering that our nation is involved in an additional 
war with Spain, and the melancholy state of religion in our churches, do agree 
that the third Thursday of June be observed as a day of public fasting and 
prayer in all the congregations under the care of our Synod, where the gov- 
ernment under which they live has not, or shall not before that time appoint 
another day for that purpose, that all may humble themselves before Almighty 
God, to deprecate his just displeasure, and pray for the blessing of heaven on 
his Majesty's person, counsels, and arms, and for the revival of true piety 
among us. 

The supplies for Mr. Beatty's congregation were in general well fulfilled. 

Mr. Sampson Smith is appointed to supply Neshaminy the fourth Sabbath 



316 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

of May, Mr. Steel the fifth; Mr. Carmichael the first Sabbath of June, Mr. 
Treat the second, Dr. Alison the third, Mr. Hait the fourth; Mr. Martin the 
first Sabbath of July, Mr. Treat the Second, Mr. Latta the third, Mr. Ches- 
nutt the fourth ; Mr. Clark the first Sabbath of August, Mr. Treat the second, 
Mr. Montgomery the third, Dr. Alison the fourth, Mr. Simonton the fifth; 
Mr. Treat the first of September, Mr. Enoch Green the second, Mr. McDowell 
the third, and Mr. Roberts the fourth. 

The committee appointed to consider Mr. Kettletas's affair, met according 
to appointment, and report as follows: 

" Princeton, September the 29th, 1761. 

The committee of the Synod met according to appointment. Ubi post 
preces sederunt, 

Messrs. William Tennent, Richard Treat, Dr. Francis Alison, Samuel 
Finley, John Rogers, Andrew Hunter, and Israel Read. 

Dr. Alison was chosen Moderator, Mr. Treat clerk. 

The committee took Mr. Kettletas's affair under consideration, and finding 
that Mr. Kettletas was not present, who sent sufficient reasons to excuse his 
absence, and earnestly requesting that we would endeavour to remove the dif- 
ference subsisting between him and the Presbytery of New York : It was 
unanimously resolved, that the committee could not proceed in a judicial way 
to determine the cause while one of the parties was absent, therefore it was 
thought proper to confer with the Presbytery, and to remove all grounds of 
complaint between him and them if possible. It plainly appeared from what 
had been acknowledged, both by Mr. Kettletas and the Presbytery, that the 
Presbytery in dealing with him, intended only to bear a testimony in a mode- 
rate manner against any thing which deserved censure or admonition, even in 
a brother, for whom they had a very high esteem, and that in so doing they 
did not intend to suspend him, or remove him from their fellowship as a bro- 
ther, but only to admonish him in a friendly manner, and in this the com- 
mittee do approve their conduct; and inasmuch as Mr. Kettletas desires our 
assistance to remove all misunderstandings, and that he may live in peace and 
friendship with the Presbytery, as well as with his other brethren, we have 
requested the Presbytery to grant this desire, and they have condescended to 
what we request; and from henceforth do receive him into good standing with 
them without any further censure. Concluded with prayer." 

Adjourned till to-morrow morning at three of the clock. 

Concluded with prayer. 

21 day, at nine of the clock, A. M. Post preces sederunt qui supra, 

Ordered, That the minutes of our last be read. 

Mr. Ewing reports, that he has received for the Indian mission since our last, 
the sum of one hundred and sixteen pounds, two shillings and nine pence, an 
account of which he has in his book. 

Inasmuch as some members of the Synod have made no collection for the 
Indian mission, and some have collected but once for that purpose, so that the 
sums collected do not amount to the sum promised by the Synod to Mr. Brai- 
nerd, they do strictly enjoin every Presbytery under their care, to excite those 
members who have yet made no collections, to propose to their congregations 
either to make two or at least one very liberal collection for this mission be- 
fore our next meeting, and that care be taken to excite vacant congregations 
to do the same, and that each Presbytery report when we meet,Vhat has 
been done; and it is agreed, that what remains after paving the missionary, 
shall be appropriated to the use of a school among the Indians; and that what 
money may be collected, be paid to Mr. Ewing, or to Mr. Jonathan Sergeant 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 3] 7 

at Priacelon, and that even,' Pies ike a copy of this mimm*, j^ 

-sent the clerk send a copy. 

,rd Treat, Dr. Francis Alison. Rogers. President Finley 
; i to pre : rrnor, and 

one to the Assembly of this province, requesting them to attempt the recovery 
of such captives as yet remain among the Indians, and bring in the said ad- 
dress on Monday morning. 

The overture res pec tin _ .ining candidates about their religions expe- 

rienc red; to be entered on the first thing in the afternoon. 

Adjourned till three of the clock. Concluded with prayer. 

Three of the dock. P. M. met according to appointment. Chi post pre- 
:. seder*' at qui supra. 

[With Mr. K.:.-:: 

Ore to the consideration of the query respecting the ex- 

amination of candidates, which was introduced last year, by being so pro- 
posed, viz : 

Query: Whether it be the duty of a :nd possible for them, to 

make candidates give a narrative of their personal exercises, and upon ifc 
form a judgment of their real spiritual state iod, as the ground of ad- 

miring or rejecting them. 

Adjourned till to-morrow morning, half an hour after eight of the d 

Concluded with pr 

. day. the Synod met a: ; adjournment. Ubi post preces, se- 

derunt qui supra. 

A number of the mem 9 lopreheoded themsr 

ticularly concerned in the solution of the question under consideration, inform 
ed the Synod that they considered the : 5 a case of conscience, and 

as there is some difficulty to understan e ry in its present form in 00 

minutes, or how it should be stated in order to proceed: and some members 
being allowed last sederunt to withdraw and attempt to fix what might be al- 
lowed the true and proper meaninr '.hose members have brot^ht 
in two papers, which appear to contain the general sentiments of the Synod 
respecting the query or the precise thing to be considered, it was decreed that 
these two papers should be recorded in our min _ 

But as the person or persons proposing a query have a right to propose it 
- or their own terms, this motion was over-ruled, and the persons who 
proposed it gave it in their own words, which are these following: 

Query* : _\V hether a candidate's declaration of his own exercises and expe- 
riences in religion, given in the way of a narration of these, or in answer to 
questions put to him concerning them, s e required by a judicature as 

one appointed, warrantable and useful mean of forming a judgment of h:? 
perimental acquaintance with religion, according to which judgment the; 
to admit or reject him. 

Ordered, That every member be called in rfrr .: speak what he A 
proper to the question: after which, if occasion : x riated, 

and then determined. 

Aijourned till Monday next, at 10 A. M. Concluded with prayer. 

24th day. the Synod met according to adjournment. Ubi post preces se- 
derunt qui supra. 

On calling the roll, it appe:.;- - ?. Montgomery, Kirkpatrick, Car- 

michael, Brewster, Ogden, and Gallachar, a: e e left town without 

leave. 



318 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

Ordered, That the minutes of last Synod be read. The reading of the 
minutes of last Friday, both sederunts, still deferred. 

The Synod see cause to resolve themselves into a committee of the whole 
house, to speak in the order of the roll, as agreed before, so as no member 
speak a second time till the roll be gone through, and that Mr. Brainerd be 
chairman. Messrs. Steel, Wilson, and Beard, dissent from the above resolves, 
and desire their dissent and reasons for it to be entered; which is granted, 
their reasons are (not brought in.) 

The committee having heard several gentlemen speak, adjourned till three 
o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

Three o'clock, P. M. met according to adjournment. Ubi post preces 

sederunt. 
Several gentlemen more spoke their sentiments. 
Adjourned till to-morrow, at nine o'clock, A. M. Concluded with prayer. 

25th, nine o'clock, £.. M. Ubi post preces sederunt qui supra. 
The committee proceeded to hear several other gentlemen speak on the 
question in debate. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

Three o'clock, P. M. Ubi post preces sederunt qui supra. 
Ordered, That the minutes of our last Synod be read. 
Several members more offered their sentiments. 
Adjourned till to-morrow, nine o'clock, A. M. Concluded with prayer. 

26th, 9 ante meridiem. Post preces sederunt qui supra. 
Ordered, That the minutes of our last sederunt be read. 
Mr. Martin and Mr. Anthony late, his elder, have been absent the two pre- 
ceding days, and yet are. 

The remaining members offered their sentiments. 
Adjourned till three, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

Three, P. M. Post preces, sederunt qui supra. 

Mr. Kirkpatrick is now returned; his absence the two past days excused. 

The committee of the whole Synod having diligently attended to the affair 
under consideration, and every one having had free liberty to speak what ap- 
peared to him proper, the Synod resume their former character, and resolve to 
proceed in the affair to-morrow morning. 

Adjourned till nine, A. M. Concluded with prayer. 

27th, nine, A. M. Ubi post preces sederunt qui supra. 

The Synod apprehending they have, from much conversation on the sub- 
ject in their late character of a committee, obtained sufficient light to proceed 
in answering the question under consideration, order, that the sentiments of 
the Synod be taken by calling the roll in order, to which the affair was stated 
in the very words of the question, viz: " Whether a candidate's declaration 
of his own personal exercises and experiences in religion, given in the way of 
a narrative of these, or answer to questions put to him concerning them, should 
be required by a judicature, as one appointed, warrantable and useful mean of 
forming a judgment of his experimental acquaintance with religion, according 
to which judgment they are to admit or reject him." 

And the state of the question being put, affirm or deny, it was carried in 
the affirmative, there being thirteen negative and one non liquet. 

In consequence of some conversation, pro and con, respecting the sixth ar- 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 319 

tide of the plan of union, two papers were brought in, which are as fol- 
lows, viz: 

1. Proposed, Whether the question now answered in the affirmative be, in 
the sentiments of the Synod, an agreement or compliance with the most plain 
sense and meaning of a part of the sixth article of the plan of union, where it 
is said, " No Presbytery shall license or ordain any candidate to the ministry 
until he give them a competent satisfaction as to his experimental acquaint- 
ance with religion." And, also, agreeable to the order or direction in the 
Westminster Directory, wherein a Presbytery is directed to inquire touching 
the grace of God in him, (viz. a person offering himself as a candidate.) 

The 2d proposed, Whether said answer in the affirmative was not a direct 
and open violation of the sixth article of the union, by which both Synods were 
allowed to follow their own judgment for obtaining competent satisfaction as 
to a candidate's learning and experimental acquaintance with religion. For it 
was well known to the Synod of New York, that the Presbyteries belonging to 
the Synod of Philadelphia did not examine a candidate's experiences in order 
to have competent satisfaction of his experimental acquaintance with religion, 
nor do they think this method Scriptural or warrantable; and in all the pro- 
posals between the two Synods prior to their union this method was not once 
mentioned ; and the Synod of New York proposed then, and in the seventh ar- 
ticle of the union they agreed, that ihe Presbyteries might continue to act sepa- 
rately, as they had done, by which agreement they confirmed the method used 
by the Synod in Philadelphia for licensing candidates. 

The sentiments of several members of the Synod, how they understood the 
sixth article of the plan of union, was required on this occasion, and, on call- 
ing the roll, it appears that the members of the late Synod of New York that 
were at making the union, do in general agree in understanding the article so 
as to enjoin such a declaration of experiences ; and the members of the late Sy- 
nod of Philadelphia, that were at making that union, do in general agree in 
understanding that article so as not to enjoin such a declaration; and each de- 
clare, that they so understood it at the time of making the union. 

Adjourned till three of the clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

Three of the clock, P. M. Post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Some elders are gone home without leave, which the Synod cannot but 
highly disapprove, and hope that that part of this judicature will not be guilty 
of doing so for the future. 

When the Synod seemed to be greatly perplexed and unable to accommo- 
date this difference about examining the experiences of candidates, an over- 
ture was brought in by two members of the Presbytery of New York, in the 
name and by the appointment of that Presbytery, who, fearing a breach in the 
Synod on this question, chose to be absent, but sent the following proposals 
to maintain peace and harmony.* 



* [Note by the Clerk.]— The Clerk of the Synod did not deliver this excellent paper 
to Dr. Francis Alison, the transcriber, which he thinks proper to observe, and leave room 
to insert it if it can be had from the minutes of the Presbytery of New York, but he gives 
the substance of it from notes on that occasion, and from his own memory. They over- 
ture to this purpose: 

1. That where different Presbyteries follow different methods of examining- the quali- 
fications of candidates for the ministry, they shall continue to do so without censuring 
or blaming one another. 

2. Where the members of the same Presbytery differ in their sentiments respecting 
the examination of a candidate's experiences, it shall be determined how they shall act 
by the vote of the majority ; or, 

3. They shall desire the candidate to declare in thesi, what he thinks to be the ex- 



320 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

A considerable difference of sentiment still remaining among the members 
respecting the inquiry into candidates' experimental acquaintance with reli- 
gion, the Synod appoint Messrs. Treat, President Finley, and Blair, with 
Messrs. Dr. Alison, Ewing, McDowell, and Azariah Horton, as a committee 
to attempt an amicable accommodation of the affair, and bring in an overture, 
or overtures, as soon as they can conveniently. 

Adjourned until nine of the clock, A. M. Concluded with prayer. 

28th, nine of the clock, A. M. Met according to appointment. Ubi post 
preces sederunt qui supra. 

The Synod appoint Messrs. Enoch Green, and William Tennent, junior, 
to go as soon as they conveniently can, so as they defer it no longer than 
next October, to supply six months under the direction of Hanover Presby- 
tery, and that the Presbytery of New Brunswick proceed to their ordination 
as soon as they can, provided they be approved on trials, and that on their 
return they supply four Sabbaths under the direction of the Presbytery of 
Lewes. 

The consideration of a request of a number of the Presbytery of Philadel- 
phia to be set off in a distinct Presbytery, deferred. 

The address to his Majesty on his accession to the throne was prepared by 
the committee. 

An appeal from a judgment of the Presbytery of Donegall, by a certain 
Elizabeth McClelland, was laid before the Synod. 

An appeal from the judgment of the Presbytery of Donegall, respecting a 
certain person offered as an evidence, was brought in by a member of that 
Presbytery. 

In consequence of the above appeal brought in by Elizabeth McClelland, 
the Synod appointed Messrs. Rogers, Kirkpatrick, Millar, "Wilson, Hunter, 
Blair, McKennan, Simonton, Montgomery, Carmichael, and Latta, as a 
committee to examine into the grounds of her complaint, as contained in her 
appeal, to meet at Chesnut Level, the first Wednesday of September, at ten 
o'clock, A. ML, and that they shall have full liberty to consider the case fully, 
and determine as they shall obtain light; and that seven be a quorum. And 
it is ordered, that all evidences formerly adduced in that affair be cited to 
attend, and that a copy of this minute, given or read to them, be a sufficient 
citation. 

Ordered, That the clerk give a copy of this minute, and of the appeal, to 
each party. 

The committee appointed yesterday not having agreed in any one over- 
ture, has brought in several, which were read, and are left under consideration 
till next sederunt. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

Met at three o'clock. P. 31. according to appointment. Ubi post preces 

sederunt qui supra. 
Ordered, That the minutes of last sederunt be read. 
The consideration of ordaining ministers, sine titulo, further deferred. 



periences of a real convert ; and then they may ask him whether he believes that he has 
experienced this saving change; or, 

4. If peace cannot be thus preserved, it is proposed that ministers be joined together 
in Presbyteries, so that they may peaceably act according to the best of their judgment, 
and according to the dictates of a good conscience in the discharge of this important 
part of their ministerial duty. 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 321 

The appointment of a committee to correspond with foreign churches, fur- 
ther deferred. 

The address to the Governor, and that to the Assembly, not yet brought in. 

An answer to the third, fourth, and fifth queries further deferred. 

The consideration of a request made by some of the Philadelphia Presby- 
tery, further deferred. 

The consideration of an appeal brought in from a judgment of the Donegall 
Presbytery, by a certain member of that Presbytery, deferred. 

The overtures for an accommodation were resumed. As the affair is of 
great importance, the entering into a consideration of the matter was preceded 
by solemn prayer to God for his gracious presence and direction. 

Whereas some members complain of two determinations of this Synod: 
The first was a resolution of a query concerning the examination of a candi- 
date's experience, in order to his admission or rejection: The other was, the 
obvious sense of the sixth article of the plan of union, apprehending that by 
said determinations the Synod laid an obligation on them to act according to 
the sentiments expressed by said determinations: 

Now to give relief and full satisfaction to such brethren, the Synod declares 
they had no designs by these determinations, to lay the least obligation or res- 
traint on said members with respect to their conduct, but only to express their 
own sense of the meaning of that article, and their sentiments of the query; and 
hereupon the members declared themselves satisfied, and withdrew their protest. 

The affair respecting the inquiry into the religious exercises or experiences 
of persons offering themselves as candidates for the ministry, was maturely 
considered ; and, as a number of the members of the Synod do declare they 
cannot esteem an inquiry into a person's religious experiences, a proper, war- 
rantable, or useful mean of obtaining a competent satisfaction of a candidate's 
experimental acquaintance with religion, and therefore cannot in conscience 
make use of it: The Synod earnestly desiring that all due liberty of con- 
science be preserved inviolate, and that peace and harmony be maintained and 
promoted, do agree that, when any person shall offer himself as a candidate 
for the ministry to any of our Presbyteries, every member of the Presbytery 
may use that way which he in conscience looks upon proper, to obtain a com- 
petent satisfaction of the person's experimental acquaintance with religion, 
and that then the Presbytery, as a Presbytery, shall determine whether they 
will take him on further trials. This agreement did not satisfy a number of 
the Synod. 

In compliance with a request from some members of Philadelphia Presby- 
tery, the Synod appoint that the members of that Presbytery be erected into two 
Presbyteries for one year at least; and that the new Presbytery be called by 
the name of the Second Presbytery of Philadelphia; and that Messrs. Robert 
Cross, Francis 'Alison, John Ewing, John Simonton, and James Latta, be 
members thereof; and that their first meeting be at the first Presbyterian 
Church in this city, the second Tuesday in August. 

The remaining business on our minutes is deferred till our next meeting, 
which is to be at Philadelphia, the third Wednesday of May next, at ten of 
the clock, A. M., at the second Presbyterian Church, till which time and place 
the Synod is now adjourned. Concluded with prayer. 

MaythelSth, 1763. 

The Synod of New York and Philadelphia met according to adjournment, 
at the second Presbyterian Church in Philadelphia. Ubi post preces se- 
derunt, 

Of the first Presbytery of Philadelphia: Messrs. Gilbert Tennent, Treat, 
Hunter, Ramsey, Lawrence, Brainerd, Chesnutt, Griffith, Clark, Beatty, 



322 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 



Of the second Presbytery of Philadelphia: Messrs. Alison, Evving. 
Of the Presbytery of New York: Messrs. Bostwick, McWhorter, Brush, 
Caldwell, Roe. 

Of New Brunswick Presbytery: Messrs. William Tennent, senior, Samuel 
Finley, McKnight, Hait, Harker, Reed, Green, and William Tennent, junior. 
Of New Castle Presbytery: Messrs. McDowell, Boyd, Blair, McKennan, 
Rodgers, James Finley, Strain, Hunt, Carmichael. 

Of Donegall Presbytery: Messrs. Robert Smith, Tate, Sampson Smith, 
Duffield, Roan. 

Of Lewestown Presbytery: Messrs. Charles Tennent, Wilson, Millar, 
Montgomery. 

Of Hanover Presbytery: Mr. Todd. 
Of Suffolk Presbytery: Mr. Mills. 

Elders: Messrs. Gunning Bedford, Robert Parsons, Andrew Crawford, 
William Hazlett, Abel Griffiths, Richard Walker, Nathaniel McKinley, Aaron 
Mottison, John Wallace, Robert Ogden, Alexander Chalmers, John Smith, 
William Irwin, Valentine Dushane, Jonathan Kersley, Thomas Bourne, 
Alexander Rogers, James Whitehill, Samuel Cunningham, Patrick Camp- 
bell, John Long, Philip Tanner. 

Mr. Rodgers chosen moderator; who, after having received from the former 
moderator the charge usually given respecting the execution of the modera- 
tor's office, took his place ; and Mr. Roan was chosen clerk, and Mr. Kirk- 
patrick his assistant. 

The Synod was opened by the last year's moderator, Mr. Brainerd, with a 
sermon from John ix. 4. 

Ordered, That the minutes of last Synod be read. 

The reasons of the absence of Messrs. Boyd, Beatty, and Todd, sustained. 
The affair respecting writing to Mr. Leonard, deferred till next sederunt. 
The second Presbytery of Philadelphia report, that they have licensed 
since our last, Mr. Patrick Alison to preach the gospel. 

The Presbytery of New Brunswick report, that they have ordained to the 
sacred work of the ministry since our last, Messrs. William Tennent, junior, 
and Enoch Green, who, being present, take their place as members of 
Synod; and that they have licensed Messrs. Jacob Kerr, Nathan Kerr, and 
James Lyon, to preach the gospel. 

The Presbytery of New York report, that Mr. Caleb Smith is removed by 
death since our last. 

Lewestown Presbytery report, that Mr. Hugh Henry is removed by death 
since our last, and that they have licensed Mr. Alexander Huston to preach 
the gospel. 

Donegall Presbytery report, that they have licensed Messrs. William Ed- 
meston, and John Slemons, to preach the gospel since our last. 

Hanover Presbytery report, that they have licensed Mr. David Rice to 
preach the gospel since our last, and that they have suspended Mr. John 
Wright, and ordained Mr. James Waddel. 

Suffolk Presbytery report, that they have licensed Mr. Goldsmith to preach 
since our last, 

Appointed as a committee of bills and overtures, Messrs. Hunter, Ewing, 
Caldwell, Samuel Finley, William Tennent, senior, Blair, McKennan, Tate, 
Duffield, Millar, Todd, and Mills, ministers; and Messrs. Gunning Bedford, 
Richard Walker, James Whitehill, Valentine Dushane, and John Wallace, 
elders, to meet to-morrow evening, at seven of the clock, at the second Pres- 
byterian meeting-house in this city, and as often afterwards as may be re- 
quisite. 

The Presbyteries of New Brunswick, Donegall, Hanover, and Suffolk, 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 323 

have not brought their Presbytery books. 'Tis ordered, that they be careful 
to bring them to next Synod ; and that every Presbytery bring their books 
yearly. 

Ordered, That Messrs. Roan and Kirkpatrick examine the first Philadel- 
phia Presbytery book; that Messrs. Brainerd and Millar examine New York 
Presbytery book. The second Presbytery of Philadelphia have not prepared 
their book to be revised. Messrs. Hait and Lawrence are to examine Lewes- 
town Presbytery book. 

Ordered, That all these books be delivered to the examiners to-morrow 
morning. 

The committee appointed to bring in the account of the disposal of the 
money in the hands of the treasurer of New Jersey College, appropriated to 
the education of poor and pious youth, report that there is five hundred 
pounds proclamation Jersey money appropriated for this purpose; the interest 
of which is to be reckoned at six per cent., or thirty pounds per annum, clear 
of all expenses: and that the various committees appointed from the year 
1758, have made such distributions of that money that there appears to have 
been last October, twenty-seven pounds in the hands of the treasurer. 

Adjourned till to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 

19th day, A. M. at nine of the clock. Post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Messrs. James Finley, Israel Read, Abner Brush, Azael Row, Alexander 
McWhorter, David Bostwick, and Mr. McKnight, are now come, and the 
reasons of their yesterday's absence are sustained. 

Messrs. Philip Tanner, and Nathaniel McKinly, are also come. 

Mr. Abner Brush is appointed to inform Mr. Silas Leonard that he is de- 
sired to attend our next Synodical meeting, or give his reasons for non-attend- 
ance, otherwise his name shall be left out of the Synod's roll; and that Mr. 
Brush deliver to him a copy of this minute, and bring us his answer at our 
next meeting. 

Mr. Beard is now come, and the reasons of his delay are sustained. 

Messrs. Samuel Finley, William Tennent, senior, Guild, Hait, Brainerd, 
Kirkpatrick, Ewing, appointed to be a committee to dispose of the interest in 
the hands of the treasurer of New Jersey College, for the education of poor 
and pious youths, which was due last October; and also of what shall become 
due at the end of the current year; who are to meet at Princeton the next 
examination of candidates for degrees. 

Mr. Harker is come, and his reasons for yesterday's absence are sustained. 

Mr. Jonathan Kersley, one of the elders, is also come. 

The Synod appoint as their commission for the ensuing year, Messrs. Gil- 
bert Tennent, Treat, Dr. Alison, Ewing, John Millar, Wilson, Samuel Finley, 
Boyd, Blair, Tait, Elder, Robert Smith, William Tennent, senior, Guild, 
Azariah Horton, Brown, Spencer, Brainerd, Bostwick, Hunter, Beatty, 
McDowell, with the moderator; and the following elders, Messrs. Jonathan 
Wallace, Gunning Bedford, Richard Walker, Thomas Bourne, John Smith, 
James Whitehill, and Nathaniel McKinley, of which twelve, and the mode- 
rator, shall be a quorum, of which ten shall be ministers; and in case of the 
moderator's death, or absence, the first in the order of the minute remaining, 
shall call the commission, if there be occasion, and preside therein. 

Mr. Duffield wrote to the Presbytery of Suffolk, and the reasons for their 
absence for some years past, were sustained. 

It is recommended to them to attend as often as possible, or to send com- 
missioners. 

Dr. Alison, Mr. Gilbert Tennent, Cross, Treat, and Ewing, were appoint- 
ed to collect, and to put into the hands of the treasurer of the corporation for 



324 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

the relief of poor and distressed Presbyterian ministers, &c. the money be- 
longing to the late Synod of Philadelphia. 

Ordered, That Messrs. McDowell, Treat, Samuel Finley, Blair, and Ewing, 
be a committee to settle the affairs of the Synod's fund with Dr. Alison, and 
make a distribution of the interest according to the agreement of the union, 
and bring in a report at our next meeting. 

The Synod appoint, that in case the governments under which the mem- 
bers respectively reside, do not appoint a day of thanksgiving for the blessing 
of a peace, after it has been proclaimed, that the several members do observe 
a day for that purpose in due time. 

The members who have made collections for the Indian Mission are order- 
ed to pay in the same to Mr. Ewing before to-morrow morning. 

Ordered, That there be a collection made in all the congregations under the 
care of this Synod, both in those who have and who have not ministers settled 
among them, for the Indian mission and the Indian school ; and that every Pres- 
bytery take care that the collections in their vacancies be made in due time ; 
and that thirty pounds be given to a school-master for the ensuing year; and 
that Messrs. John Meas, John Wallace, George Bryan, John Bayard, Isaac 
Snowdon, be requested to assist Mr. Brainerd to build a school-house and to 
dispose of the money collected for the use of said school, and lay the accounts 
before the next Synod; and that Mr. George Bryan be appointed treasurer of 
the committee. 

The Synod having considered the importance of the mission among the Onei- 
da Indians, and the small sum of money allowed by the society in Britain to Mr. 
Occam, their missionary, together with the number of his family, have thought 
proper to take that mission under their consideration and care for the ensuing 
3'ear, and order, that he be allowed sixty-five pounds for this year. It is also 
requested of the commissioners in New York, that they write immediately to 
the society in Scotland, praying them to grant a larger sum for the support of 
said mission; and that the money collected in New York and some other 
neighbouring congregations be paid into the hands of Mr. Bostwick, to enable 
him to pay Mr. Occam the sum promised him by the Synod, and that he lay 
a fair state of these accounts before the Synod at their next meeting. 

Ordered, also, That Mr. Ewing procure a state of the accounts of Mr. Ser- 
geant, relating to the Indian mission under the care of Mr. Brainerd, and lay 
them, with an account of the money received by himself, before the Synod at 
their next meeting. 

Adjourned till three of the clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

19th day, at three o'clock, P. M. Post preces sederunt qui supra. 
Mr. Sharn is now come, and his reasons for delaying so long are sustained. 
Ordered, The minutes of last year's Synod be read out. 
Adjourned till nine o'clock to-morrow morning. Concluded with praver. 



20th day, at nine o'clock, A. M. Post preces, sederunt qui supra. 

Mr. Green fulfilled his appointments to Virginia. Mr. William Tennent, 
jun. not fulfilling his, is excused. 

The Synod find that many of their candidates do not attend their meetings, 
and for this reason many of their appointments are not fulfilled; thev judore 
that candidates should constantly attend their respective Presbyteries, and as 
often as they can conveniently they should attend our Synods. Thev there- 
fore recommend it to all our Presbyteries to propose one or more of their can- 
didates as persons that they think proper to be sent to preach to our frontier 
settlements, and that they let these candidates know that they intend to propose 
them as such to the Synod, that so our Synodical appointments may be more 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 325 

punctually fulfilled. And that no candidate, without very weighty reasons, 
presume to break our appointments; and it is recommended to the Presbyte- 
ries to impress their minds with a sense of the importance of obeying Synodi- 
cal orders and appointments. 

Mr. Harker's affair, which was brought before the Synod some years ago, 
deferred. 

The appeal from Donegall Presbytery respecting elders, deferred. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

20th day, three of the clock, P. M. Post preces, sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered the minutes of our last to be read. 

Messrs. McKnight and Bostwick are added to the members appointed last 
year to examine Mr. Harker's book, who are to meet at three of the clock to- 
morrow afternoon, to bring in their report next Monday morning. 

The committee met at Chestnut Level, according to appointment, and their 
minutes were read, as also the minutes of Donegall Presbytery respecting the 
affair which the committee were to consider. 

Adjourned till to-morrow morning at nine of the clock. 

Concluded with prayer. 

21. s7 day, at nine of the clock, Ji. M. Post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, The minutes of our last to be read. 

The two first articles in the committee's report, who met at Chestnut Level, 
with the Presbytery's appeal from the judgment of the committee, came un- 
der consideration, but deferred till Monday next for want of time to issue 
them. 

Adjourned till Monday morning, at ten of the clock. 

Concluded with prayer. 

23d day, at ten, A. M. Post preces sederunt qui supra. 

(Messrs. Boyd and William Tennent, Jun. excepted, who had leave to go 
home.) 

Mr. John Simonton is now come, and the reasons for his coming so late 
were sustained. 

Ordered, That Dr. Alison, Messrs. Bostwick, S. Finley, with the moderator, 
be a committee to form and bring in an address to his majesty on the birth of 
the prince and the establishment of a peace. 

The committee appointed to examine Mr. Harker's book, have not brought 
in their report. 

Ordered, That they bring it in to-morrow morning. 

The affair considered by the committee who met last year at Chestnut Level, 
deferred till to-morrow morning. 

Adjourned till three of the clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

23c/ day, three of the clock, P. M. Post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of our last be read. 

A request from the corporation for the relief of poor and distressed Presby- 
terian ministers, &c. was brought in and read, which is as follows: 

" Nov. 16, 1762. At a meeting of the corporation in this city it was agreed, 
that this board appoint some of their members to wait on the Synod at their 
next meeting, and in their name request that some missionaries be sent to 
preach to the distressed frontier inhabitants, and to report their distresses, and 
to let us know where new congregations are a forming, and what is necessary 
to be done to promote the spread of the gospel among them, and that they in- 
28 



326 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

form us what opportunities there may be of preaching the gospel to the In- 
dian nations in their neighbourhood. 

'* And it is agreed that the necessary expenses of these missionaries be paid 
by this board, and that Messrs. John Meas, Dr. Redman, William Humphreys, 
George Bryans, Treat, Ewing, and the secretary, wait on the Synod, and 
earnestly press them to grant this request." 

In consequence of the above request the Synod appoint Messrs. Beatty and 
Brainerd to go on the aforesaid mission, as soon as they can conveniently, so 
as to be able to return so as to make a report to the corporation at their next 
general meeting in October. And that Messrs. William Tennent, sen., Mc- 
Knight and Hunter, supply Mr. Brainerd's pulpit and take care of his con- 
cerns among the Indians, and that Mr. Treat supply Mr. Beatty's pulpit once 
every three Sabbaths. Mr. Chestnut is to supply at Barnegate and Manehockin 
the first Sabbath of September. 

Adjourned till to-morrow morning, at nine o'clock. 

Concluded with prayer. 

24th day, at nine o'clock. Post preces sederunt qui supra, 
(Except Mr. Beatty, whose absence is known, and the reasons sustained.) 
As the Synod have the mission to the frontiers much at heart, therefore lest 
it miscarry it is ordered, that if either Mr. Beatty or Mr. Brainerd fail of go- 
ing, Mr. Kirkpatrick shall go in the place of the person who fails. 

The affair depending between some of the Presbytery of Donegall, and the 
committee of the Synod that met at Chesnut Level, came under consideration; 
and after much time spent in debating the first report of the committee respect- 
ing the evidence given by Margaret McCleland, it was put to the vote, whe- 
ther the Synod do approve the judgment of the committee or not, and it was 
carried approve by a great majority. 

The article relating to Agnes McKnight, who was not allowed by the com- 
mittee to give her evidence was considered, and voted approve the conduct of 
the committee or not; and there were ten non liquets; but the committee's 
judgment was disapproved by a great majority. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

At three o'clock, P. M. Post preces sederunt qui supra. 
Mr. Ewing begged leave to protest against the last judgment of the Synod, 
for the following reasons : 

1. Because, whether Margaret McCleland first informed the mother or not, 
it is certain she joined the other young woman, Agnes McKnight, in the report; 
and they only are the raisers and propagators of that shocking defamation. 
But, by the late judgment, a person deserving to surfer as a vile defamer and 
a slanderer, may save herself by swearing that the person defamed is guilty. 
It appears also by this decision that any such are porter may prove his own 
report upon oath, and so a person most deeply interested may by this single 
oath, without any other evidence, prove a criminal case, which is destructive 
of all civil or religious societies, as it puts it in the power of any one malicious 
or interested person to deprive others of life, character, or property, by only 
saying that they are guilty, and then sv\ r earing it. 

2. Because it is contrary to the express word of God, in many places, con- 
cerning the number and qualifications of witnesses; such as Deut. xix. 15, 
" one witness shall not rise up (or be established) against a man for any iniquity, 
or for any sin, in any sin that he sinneth: at the mouth of two witnesses or 
at the mouth of three witnesses shall every matter be established." See also 
1 Tim. v. 19, " against an elder receive not an accusation but before two or 
three witnesses." So Num. iii. 17; Matt, xviii. 16; Jon. viii. 17; 2 Cor. 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 327 

xiii. 1. Now Margaret McCleland is adduced to prove some rudeness or 
immodesty offered to herself by an elder, or minister, as appears from the 
minutes of the Presbytery of Donegall, taken in conjunction with the minutes 
of the committee, who say that she looks on herself to have been unduly treat- 
ed on the night of the diversion. 

3. Because the admission of such single or interested evidences is contrary 
to the judgment of our best divines, as Willard on the Ninth Com. Ames de 
Conscientia, and many more. It is against the law of nature and the sacred 
rights of mankind in the judgment of all our moralists, as Hutcheson, Puffen- 
dorf, Carmichael, Grotius, &c. and contrary to the laws and customs of all 
civilized nations. See, on this topic, Justinian's Code; the Law of Evidences, 
page 121, 126; Hawkins' Pleas, page 256; Viner's Abridgment, page 247. 
So the admission of such evidences is contrary to the reason and common 
sense of mankind, and dishonourable to this body. 

4. Because civil courts require witnesses to swear that they are disinterest- 
ed in the issue of the cause. See Cook. Littleton. And our Church rules 
also require that witnesses swear themselves free of bribery, malice, and party 
counsel, before they are admitted to bear testimony, which Margaret McClel- 
and cannot safely do, and therefore should not be admitted. And it is a mani- 
fest inconsistency, both in the Synod and in the committee, to determine to 
admit her evidence before such an oath is tendered to her. 

5. Because the gospel requires, that, in case of private offence, the offender 
be dealt with privately, then before witnesses, and lastly before the Church, 
if the former fails. Now if a person, in opposition to our Saviour's direction, 
spreads horrid defamations and scandal, without either speaking to the person 
offending, or relating it to a proper judicature at first, such a person cannot be 
accounted afterwards simply an informer, but a gross defamer, be the matter 
true or false, and therefore unworthy to bear testimony either in their own 
case or any other, until he or she reforms ; and this appears to be the present 
case. 

Therefore, I cannot but protest against such procedure wherever it happens 
for the exoneration of mine own conscience, and declare that I think it would 
be criminal in me to pay any regard or submission to any sentence that may 
hereafter be passed by any of our judicatures upon such evidence as has been 
herein specified. John Ewing. 

Upon hearing what Mr. Ewing has now given in as the reasons of his pro- 
test against the preceding votes, the Synod think fit to declare, that they ap- 
prehend they had a view of the matter different from his, inasmuch as they 
did not at all design to judge of the merits of the cause, or how far one or more 
evidences should conclude in any affair depending before the judicature; but 
only determined in the particular instances mentioned, that for aught any thing 
advanced by the Presbytery or the committee, those persons should have been 
admitted to give in their testimony. 

The committee for bringing in the report on Mr. Harker's book, report that 
they are not yet prepared. 

The affair depending between some of the members of the Presbytery of 
Donegal! and the committee of the Synod was further considered, and both 
parties were heard and their minutes were read with great attention, and the 
determination thereof is deferred till to-morrow morning. 

Adjourned till nine of the clock. Concluded with prayer. 

25^/i day, at nine o'clock, A. M. Post preces sederunt qui supra. 

The Synod proceeded to consider the affair of the committee, and the ap- 
peal of some members of the Presbytery of Donegall from their judgment, and 



328 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OP 

after mature consideration thereof they agreed nemine contradicente, in the fol- 
lowing judgment: 

1. That the committee had a proper right and authority to hear and try the 
case between Elizabeth McCleland and Mr. Sampson Smith, so far as the 
Presbytery had closed their judgment thereupon. 

2. The Synod judge that the committee justly disapproved the conduct of 
the Presbytery in the manner of taking evidences by question and answer, 
respecting the affair of Tuesday night; judging that every proper method 
should be taken to bring out the whole truth in the matter depending, which 
sometimes can best be done by way of narrative, and by requiring the wit- 
nesses to tell the whole truth in relation thereto, as well as nothing but the 
truth. 

3. That the Synod do approve the judgment of the committee with respect 
to Jean Richey's being admitted as an evidence. 

4. That as to the judgment of the committee with respect to William 
Richey and Mrs. Thorns, the Synod do not determine any thing positively con- 
cerning them, but refer the decision thereof to the committee to be appointed 
to sit on the whole affair. 

5. Therefore the Synod do re-appoint the same members to be a commit- 
tee, who met last year in Chestnut Level, with full power and authority to be- 
gin and examine the whole affair between Mr. Smith and Elizabeth McClel- 
and, de novo, and issue and determine the same as they think proper; provi- 
ded, always, that they reject not such evidences upon such grounds as the 
Synod have judged insufficient, and provided also they do not enter on the 
consideration of any particular instances of charge not yet specified. But this 
proviso is by no means to restrict the committee from receiving and admitting 
any new evidence offered for the support of the particular instances of the 
charge already brought, or in point of defence. And the Synod do appoint 
said committee to meet at Little Britain meeting-house, at ten o'clock, A. M. 
the last Wednesday of July next, for this purpose, that six be a quorum, and 
that the clerk give the parties notice of the matter to be issued, with the time 
and place of meeting, and summonses for the evidences. 

Adjourned till three of the clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

Three o'clock, P. M. Post preces sederunt qui supra, 
Mr. Harker's affair came under consideration, and the Synod heard the 
committee's report respecting his principles collected from his book, and the 
particular passages which they apprehended were expressive of these prin- 
ciples, were read. 

Adjourned till to-morrow morning at nine o'clock Concluded with prayer. 

26 day, nine o'clock, A. M. Post preces sederunt qui supra. 

A supplication was brought in from Hanover in Virginia, for supplies, to 
which Mr. Todd added a more general request, for young men to supply in 
the bounds of Hanover Presbytery. Mr. Miller also applied for supplies in 
the bounds of Lewes Presbytery; and Mr. Duffield made the same request 
for the west side of Susquehanna in the bounds of Donegall Presbytery. 

In consequence of these applications, the Synod appoint Mr. Green to go 
as soon as he can into the bounds of Lewes Presbytery and supply there two 
months, and in his return he is to supply in the bounds of New Castle a 
month or six weeks, as it may suit his circumstances. Messrs. William Ten- 
nent, jun'r. and Jacob Ker, are appointed as soon as they can, to go and sup- 
ply in the bounds and under the direction of Hanover Presbytery six months 
at least. 

Adjourned till three of the clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 329 

Three o'clock, P. M. Post preces sederunt qui supra. 
The Synod proceeded to consider Mr. Harker's principles collected from 
his book by the committee, which are in substance as follows: 

1. That the covenant of grace is in such a sense conditional, that fallen 
mankind in their unregenerate state, by the general assistances given to all 
under the gospel, have a sufficient ability to fulfil the conditions thereof, and 
so, by their own endeavours to ensure to themselves regenerating grace and 
all saving blessings. 

2. That God has bound himself by promise to give them regenerating grace 
upon their fulfilling what he, (Mr. Harker,) calls the direct conditions of ob- 
taining it, and upon the whole, makes a certain and an infallible connection 
between their endeavours and the aforesaid blessings. 

3. That God's prescience of future events, is previous to and not dependent 
on his decrees, that his decrees have no influence on his own conduct, and 
that the foresight of faith was the ground of the decree of election. 

It is further observed, that he often uses inaccurate, unintelligible, and dan- 
gerous modes of expression, that tend to lead people into false notions in 
several important matters, as that Adam was the federal father of his posterity 
in the second covenant as well as in the first; that the regenerate are not in a 
state of probation for heaven, and several such like. 

The Synod judge that these principles are of a hurtful and a dangerous ten- 
dency, giving a false view of the covenant of grace, perverting it into a new 
modelled covenant of works, and misrepresent the doctrine of the divine de- 
crees as held by the best Reformed churches, and in fine, are contrary to the 
word of God and our approved standards of doctrine. The Synod called in 
Mr. Harker and questioned him in many particulars, and the further consider- 
ation of his affair is deferred till to-morrow morning. 

Adjourned till nine o'clock, A. M. Concluded with prayer. 

27 day, at nine o'clock, A. M. Post preces sederunt qui supra, 
(Except Messrs. Carmichael and Green, who went away without leave.) 
Air. Harker's affair was resumed, and the Synod, upon mature deliberation, 
came to the following judgment, viz: 

The Synod considering that Mr. Harker has for several years been dealt 
with in the tenderest manner, and much pains taken by his brethren in pri- 
vate, and in the Presbytery to which he belongs, and by committees which 
the Synod appointed to confer with him, in order to reclaim him from his erro- 
neous notions ; but that instead of succeeding in these attempts, he appeared 
to be the rather confirmed and resolute in propagating his opinions among the 
people, by a variety of methods to the great scandal of the church, seducing 
and perplexing the unwary and unstable: and as he has departed from the 
truth, and opposed this church in some important articles, and misrepresented 
the Church of Scotland, his doctrine and practice have a schismatical ten- 
dency. On the whole, though the exclusion of a member be grievous, yet 
we judge that the said Mr. Samuel Harker, cannot consistently be continued 
a member of this body, and accordingly declare him disqualified for preaching 
or exercising his ministry in any congregation or vacancy under our care; 
and do hereby order, that all be duly warned not to receive his doctrines, nor 
admit his ministrations, until it shall please God to convince him of his mis- 
takes, and to bring him to the acknowledgment of the truth, and recover him 
from the error of his ways. 

Upon hearing the foregoing minute read, Mr. Harker requested a copy, 
which the Synod ordered to be given him properly attested. 

After some time Mr. Harker came in, and desired to be informed by the 
Synod, what they designed by their determination respecting him as to its 
2S* 



330 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

nature and extent. The Synod were much divided in their opinions, but the 
majority of the Synod returned the following answer: That as by our deter- 
mination in the forenoon, he is declared disqualified for exercising any part of 
the ministerial office in any of the congregations or vacancies under our care, 
so by a parity of reason we judge him disqualified to exercise it any where 
while he retains his present erroneous sentiments. 

The Synod order Mr. Nathan Kerr, and Mr. Lyon to go to Virginia as 
soon as they can, and supply three months at least under the care of Hanover 
Presbytery. 

Adjourned till to-morrow at nine o'clock. Concluded with prayer. 

29th day, at nine o'clock, Ji, M. Post prcces sederunt qui svpra. 
The committee appointed to examine the several Presbytery books brought 
in their reports, which are as follow : 

The Presbytery books of the first Presbytery of Philadelphia and Lewes 
are approved. New York Presbytery book was approved, save some inac- 
curacies and improprieties. And also New Castle Presbytery book, except- 
ing one particular judgment respecting Pencader congregation, which judgment 
the Synod have not sufficient light to approve or disapprove. 

The members of Synod being few, and fatigued with close application to 
business, agree that the affair respecting the second Philadelphia Presbytery 
be deferred till next Synod, when the members are expected to be more gene- 
rally present, and in a condition more deliberately to determine whether said 
Presbytery shall be continued or dissolved. 

The affair of ordaining ministers, sine titulo, is referred to each Presby- 
tery, that their members may be prepared to discuss it next Synod. 

An answer to the third, fourth, and fifth queries, deferred till our next Synod, 
and it is recommended to our Presbyteries to take copies of them, in order to 
have them discussed. 

Mr. Duffield's appeal, in respect to a certain evidence in the affair at Chest- 
nut Level, has been effectually determined in considering the affair of the 
committee and Donegall Presbytery. 

The appeal brought in by Messrs. Robert Smith, and Duffield, from a judg- 
ment of the Presbytery of Donegall, respecting the ordination of elders, de- 
ferred till next Synod. 

A request was brought in from a Presbytery in New York government, to 
the east of North River, desiring to be incorporated with this Synod, and that 
some members of the Presbyteries of New York and Suffolk, which are con- 
tiguous, may be allowed to be joined with them in a Presbyterial capacity. 

After several members of this body had given full satisfaction concerning 
their characters, their good standing in the churches, and that it was not from 
any unbrotherly, or unfriendly views, nor from any disaffection to the neigh- 
bouring churches that they desired to unite with us. it is agreed to grant their 
request, provided that they agree to adopt our Westminster Confession of 
Faith and Catechisms, and engage to observe the Directory as a plan of wor- 
ship, discipline, and government, according to the agreement of this Synod. 
'Tis allowed that Mr. John Smith, and Mr. Chauncy Graham, join with 
them; and from Suffolk Presbytery, Messrs. Samuel Sacket. and Eliphalet 
Ball, and that they be called by the name of Dutchess County Presbytery; 
and that Mr. David Bostwick send them a copy of this minute, to let them 
know our determination. 

A supplication and an appeal from the second Presbyterian congregation in 
Philadelphia, from a judgment of the Presbytery of Donegall, respecting the 
removal of Mr. Duffield, was brought in. This affair is deferred till three 
o'clock, P. M. on Monday next. 

Adjourned till Monday next, at ten, A. M. Concluded with prayer. 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 331 

30th day, at ten of the clock. Post preces sederunt qui supra, 
(Except Messrs. Tait and Brush, whose absence is excused.) 
A query was brought in, in these words: " As sundry members and con- 
gregations within the bounds of our Synod, judge it most for their edification 
to sing Dr. Watts's imitation of David's Psalms, does the Synod so far ap- 
prove said imitation of David's Psalms as to allow such ministers, and their 
congregations, the liberty of using them?" 

As a great number of this body have never particularly considered Dr. 
Watts's imitation, they are not prepared to give a full answer to the question. 
Yet as it is well approved by many of this body, the Synod have no objection 
to the use of said imitation by such ministers and congregations as incline to 
use it, until the matter of psalmody be further considered. And it is recom- 
mended to the members of this body to be prepared to give their sentiments 
respecting this subject at our next meeting. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

Three o'clock, P. M. Post preces sederunt qui supra. 

The supplication and appeal from the second Presbyterian congregation in 
this city was read; but as there appeared no commissioners from Carlisle and 
the Big Spring to give the Synod light in this matter, the Synod cannot de- 
termine it at present. But as it appears that the congregations of Carlisle and 
the Big Spring never had the opportunity of being heard before the Presby- 
tery of Donegall, and that they, for this reason, have not had proper means of 
obtaining light sufficient to examine and determine this cause, the Synod re- 
mit the affair to said Presbytery, and appoint them to meet at Carlisle, the last 
Wednesday of June, to hear and determine the matter; and if the case must 
return to the Synod either by appeal or reference, the moderator of the Pres- 
bytery immediately inform the moderator of the Synod by a letter, that the 
commission of the Synod may be called. 

Ordered, That a copy of this minute be sent by the clerk to the session of 
Carlisle and Big Spring. 

A certain Andrew Mahaffey brought an appeal from a judgment of the Pres- 
bytery of Donegall, confirming a judgment of the session of Chestnut Level. 
The minutes of said session were read, and said Mahaffey fully heard. Upon 
the whole, the Synod judge: 1. That inasmuch as Andrew Mahaffey submit- 
ted to the judgment of the session with respect to himself, that he ought not to 
have been deprived of any church privileges because he disapproved of, and 
appealed from, the judgment in other instances. 2. That the Synod agree 
with the session that there is not sufficient evidence to convict Andrew Boyd 
of the crime he was charged with, yet it appears to this Synod by the depo- 
sitions laid before them, that the said Andrew Boyd used a very indecent and 
immodest freedom with the wife of said Andrew Mahaffey, for which he 
ought to have been censured by the session, and they are enjoined hereby to 
rebuke and admonish him for the same. 3. That though the Synod are not 
clear that the charge of perjury is to be fixed on said Andrew Mahaffey's wife, 
yet they are clear that she is guilty of falsehoods and contradictions in what 
she has sworn and afterwards declared in that affair, and therefore she ought 
to be debarred from the distinguishing privileges of the church until the mat- 
ter can be further cleared, or she give proper evidence of repentance. 

Adjourned till nine o'clock to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 

31 day, at nine o'clock, A. M. Post preces sederunt, qui supra, 
A supplication was brought into the Synod from the first congregation of 
West Nottingham, to be disannexed from the Presbytery of New Castle, and 
to be united to the Presbytery of Donegall. In reasoning on this subject many 



332 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OP 

of the Synod were of the mind, having considered the situation of the congre- 
gation, that it would not be expedient to set off said congregation as request- 
ed, without setting off some other congregations and ministers in like manner; 
therefore it was proposed that the other congregation of West Nottingham, 
the congregation of Little Britain, with Mr. Hunt their minister elect, and 
Mr. Strain, and his congregations, should be also set off, and it being put to 
the vote, it was carried that all these congregations should be set off from the 
Presbytery of New Castle and annexed to the Presbytery of Donegall. 

Adjourned till three of the clock, P. M. 

Concluded with prayer. 

Three o'clock, P. 31. Post preces sederunt qui supra. 

An appeal was brought in from a judgment of the Presbytery of Donegall 
respecting the licensure of Mr. William Edmiston, in consequence whereof 
the Synod heard the reasonings of both parties, and after a deliberate con- 
sideration of what w r as offered, it was judged that the conduct of the Presby- 
tery was not to be approved in licensing that young gentleman, until the ob- 
jections offered against their proceeding to his licensure had been fully con- 
sidered. The Synod, with the consent of Donegall Presbytery, agree to refer 
the trial of Mr. Edmiston's affair to the committee, to meet at Little Britain, 
to be by them issued, and that Messrs. Guild and Bay be joined to the said 
committee, to try all affairs to come before them, and that all parties be cited 
by the clerk. 

The society incorporated for the widows' fund, gave a commission to 
Messrs. Treat, Finley, and Dr. Alison, to apply to the Synod, desiring that 
they appoint a committee to sit with them the first Tuesday of November, 
that they may jointly consider on the return of the missionaries from the fron- 
tiers what may be most proper to be done to promote the kingdom of Christ 
there, and what sums may be necessary to defray their expenses, inasmuch as 
some of the money under the care of this corporation is to be disposed of for 
such pious uses, with the approbation of such a committee. 

Messrs. Montgomery, Hunter, Kirkpatrick, Simonton, and Ramsey, are 
appointed a committee for this purpose. 

The address to the king was read and approved. 

Ordered, That it be signed by the moderator in the name of the Synod, 
and directed to Dr. Samuel Chandler, in London, requesting that he and the 
honourable William Allen, Esquire, and Andrew Elliot, Esquire, both of this 
city but now in London, and Dr. Avery, of London, and whoever else these 
gentlemen think proper to join with them, wait on his majesty and present it 
in our name. 

The Rev. Mr. Gilbert Tennent labouring under bodily indisposition that 
renders him unable statedly to preach to his people, he, in conjunction with 
his congregation, made application for supplies to his pulpit the ensuing sum- 
mer. The Synod appoint as follow: that Mr. Kirkpatrick supply the first 
Sabbath of June; Mr. Treat the second; Mr. Treat, junior, the third and 
fourth; Mr. Jacob Kerr the first, second, and third Sabbaths of July; Mr. 
Hunter the fourth; and Mr. Ramsey the fifth? Mr. Robert Smith the first, and 
Mr. William Tennent the second Sabbath of August; Mr. Rogers the third, 
and Mr. Montgomery the fourth; and Mr. Thompson the month of October. 

Mr. Samuel Harker brought in a paper which was read, and the Synod did 
not see any reason from what was there offered to alter their judgment. 

At three o'clock, P. M. adjourned till the third Wednesday in May next, 
to meet at Elizabethtown, at three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA, 333 

Elizabethtown, May 16th, 1764. 

The Synod of New York and Philadelphia met according to appointment 
at the first Presbyterian church in this town. Ubi post preces sederunt. 

Of Suffolk Presbytery: The Rev. Messrs. Thomas Lewis, Benjamin Tal- 
mage, and William Mills. 

Of New York Presbytery: The Rev. Messrs. John Pierson, Simon Hor- 
ton, Azariah Horton, Timothy Jones, Aaron Richards, Jonathan Elmer, Ben- 
jamin Woodroff, Abner Brush, Alexander McWhorter, Joseph Treat, James 
Caldwell, Azael Roe, and Samuel Packhurst. 

Of New Brunswick Presbytery: The Rev. Messrs. William Tennent, 
Samuel Finley, Elihu Spencer, Israel Read, John Guild, Enoch Green, Wil- 
liam Tennent, jun'r. 

Of the First Philadelphia Presbytery : The Rev. Messrs. Richard Treat, 
Charles Beatty, John Brainerd, Daniel Lawrence, and William Ramsey. 

Of New Castle Presbytery: The Rev. Messrs. John Rogers and John 
Carmichael. 

Of Donegall Presbytery: The Rev. Messrs. Robert Smith and James Hunt. 

Of Lewes Presbytery: The Rev. Mr. Joseph Montgomery. 

Elders: Messrs. Elnathan Wilks, Gideon Hedges, Joseph Prudden, John 
Oliver, Simon Ross, John Woodroff, Samuel Camp, Garret Noel, Samuel 
Woodroff, Joseph Kerr. 

Ministers absent: Of Suffolk Presbytery: Messrs. Ebenezer Prime, Syl- 
vanus White, Abner Reeve, Samuel Buel, Nehemiah Barker, James Brown, 
Ezra Reeve, Moses Baldwin, Samson Occam, Thomas Payne. 

Of New York Presbytery: Messrs. Jacob Green, John Darby, Moses 
Tuttle, John Moffat, Enos Ayres, Abraham Kettletas, John Maltby, Hugh 
Knox. 

Of New Brunswick Presbytery: Messrs. Charles McKnight, Samuel Ken- 
nedy, James McCrea, William Kirkpatrick, John Hannah, Job Prudden, 
Benjamin Hait, Thomas Smith. 

Of the First Philadelphia Presbytery: Messrs. Gilbert Tendent, Andrew 
Hunter, Nehemiah Greenman, John Clark, Benjamin Chesnut, and John 
Griffith. 

All the second Philadelphia Presbytery absent. 

Of New Castle Presbytery: Messrs. Adam Boyd, John Blair, Alexander 
McDowell, Andrew Sterling, Andrew Bay, James Finley, William McKennan, 
and Alexander Hutchinson. 

Of Donegall Presbytery: The Rev. Messrs. Samuel Thomson, John Steel, 
John Elder, John Roan, Joseph Tate, Sampson Smith, Robert McMordie, 
John Hogg, George Duffield, John Strain, and John Baird. 

Of Lewes Presbytery: Messrs. Charles Tennent, John Millar, Matthew 
Wilson, and John Harris. 

All the Presbytery of Hanover absent. 

Mr. Beatty was chosen moderator, Avho, after having received a charge from 
the last year's moderator respecting the discharge of his duty, took his place; 
Mr. Caldwell was chosen clerk, and Mr. Montgomery assistant. 

The Synod was opened by Mr. Rogers, the last year's moderator, by a 
sermon from Acts xi. 24. 

The Rev. Messrs. Charles Jeffrey Smith, and Benoni Bradner being pre- 
sent, were desired to sit as correspondents. 

Adjourned till to-morrow morning at nine o'clock. Concluded with prayer. 

17th day, at nine o'clock, A. M. Post preces, sederunt qui supra. 
Ordered, The minutes of the last sederunt to be read, and likewise the mi~ 
nutes of the last Synod. 



334 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

The Rev. Thomas Smith now come and excused. The members are all 
excused who have given their reasons for their absence in times past. 

The first Philadelphia Presbytery report, that since our last Mr. Henry 
Martin is deceased. The Presbytery of New Brunswick report, that since 
our last they have ordained to the work of the ministry the Rev. Messrs. 
Amos Thompson, Jacob Kerr, and Nathan Kerr, who being present took their 
seats in the Synod; and that they licensed Messrs. David Caldwell, Francis 
Pepper, and John Roxburrow, to preach the gospel. The Presbytery of 
New York report, that the Rev. Mr. David Bostwick is, since our last, re- 
moved by death, and that they have received Mr. John Murray, a candidate 
from Ireland, under their care. Suffolk Presbytery report, that since our last 
they have admitted Mr. Thomas Pain as a member. New Castle Presbytery 
report, that since our last the Rev. Mr. Thane is removed by death. 

Appointed for a committee of overtures, the Rev. Messrs. Thomas Lewis, 
Benjamin Tal mage, William Tennent, Samuel Finley, Robert Smith, Azariah 
Horton, Aaron Richards, Richard Treat, John Brainerd, John Rodgers. 
Elders: Messrs. Samuel Woodroff, Joseph Kerr, Garret Noel, and John 
Hannah, to meet to-morrow morning at eight o'clock, at this place, and as 
often afterwards as they may think proper. 

Messrs. Benjamin Woodroff, Robert Smith, and Joseph Treat, are ap- 
pointed to revise the Presbytery book of New Brunswick. The Presbytery 
of Donegall have not brought in their Presbytery book, notwithstanding re- 
pealed orders given for that purpose several years ; the Synod highly blame 
such delays and neglects, and appoint Messrs. Robert Smith and James Hunt 
to take particular care that the book be brought in next year, and that a copy 
of this minute be sent to the Presbytery. Messrs. Read and Ramsey ap- 
pointed to revise the Presbytery book of Suffolk. Messrs. William Tennent 
and Spencer appointed to revise the Presbytery book of New York. The 
books of the first and second Philadelphia Presbytery, of New Castle, Han- 
over, and Lewestown, not brought in. 

Mr. Brush reports, he complied with the last Synod's order with respect to 
Mr. Leonard, and further reports, that since that time Mr. Leonard is dead. 

The committee appointed to dispose of the interest money in the hands of 
the treasurer of New Jersey college, appropriated to the education of the poor 
and pious youth, report, that they met according to appointment, but their 
minutes not being present, they are not able to give a particular account of the 
matter. The Synod appoint Dr. Finley, with Messrs. William Tennent, 
Guild, Brainerd, Blair, Kirkpatrick, Ewing, and the moderator, to be a com- 
mittee to meet at Princeton the third Wednesday of August, to dispose of as 
much of said money as shall be due at next commencement if there be need. 

The Synod appoint as their commission for the ensuing year, the Rev. 
Messrs. Gilbert Tennent, Treat, Dr. Alison, Ewing, John Miller, Wilson, Dr. 
Finley, Blair, Boyd, Tate, Elder, Robert Smith, William Tennent, Guild, 
Azariah Horton, James Brown, Spencer, Brainerd, Hunter, McDowell. Jones, 
Rodgers, w r ith the moderator. And the folio wing elders, Messrs. Samuel 
Woodroff, Garret Noel, John Hannah, Joseph Kerr, Joseph Prudden, whereof 
thirteen members, including the moderator, shall be a quorum, of which ten 
shall be ministers; and that in case of the moderator's death or absence, the 
first in order of the minute remaining, have a power to call the commission 
and preside. 

Adjourned till three o'clock. Concluded with prayer. 

Three o'clock, P. M. the Synod met according to adjournment, post 

preces sederunt, qui supra. 
Ordered, To read the minutes of the last sederunt. 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 335 

Ordered, To proceed in reading the minutes of the last Synod. 

Dr. Alison, and Messrs. Gilbert Tennent, Cross, Treat, and Ewing, ap- 
pointed last year to be a committee to collect and put into the hands of the 
corporation, for the relief, &c. the money formerly belonging to the fund of 
the late Synod of Philadelphia, not having made report, are appointed to com- 
ply with the order by our next Synod, if not already done. 

Ordered, That those who have made a collection for the Indian school and 
mission, bring in the money to Mr. Brainerd before our next sederunt, and 
that he lay the account before the Synod. The further consideration of the 
affair referred to that time. 

The Synod find that Mr. Joseph Treat's reasons for not going to Virginia, 
were sustained by the Presbytery by which he was appointed. 

The moderator and Mr. Brainerd were prevented from fulfilling the order 
of the Synod in their mission to the frontiers, and the whole design of the 
mission was entirely prostrated by the breaking out of the Indian war. 

Mr. Hait is now come, his reasons for not coming sooner sustained. 

Messrs. Enoch Green, William Tennent, jun'r, and Jacob Kerr, complied 
with the appointments of our last Synod. 

Whereas Messrs. Read, Carmichael, and Enoch Green, left the Synod last 
year without asking leave, the Synod cannot but disapprove of the same, and 
do judge that such a conduct in their members is contrary to the design, and 
destructive to the very nature of such judicatures, who are always to be sup- 
posed to give leave when sufficient reasons are offered. 

Adjourned till to-morrow morning at nine o'clock. 

Concluded with prayer. 

18 day, nine o'clock, the Synod met according to adjournment. Post 
preces, sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, To read the minutes of the last sederunt. 

The settlement of the Indian affairs with Mr. Brainerd, deferred till our 
next sederunt. 

Mr. Nathan Kerr's reasons for not complying with our last year's appoint- 
ment, sustained. 

The Presbytery to which Mr. Lyon belonged, rendered satisfactory reasons 
for his not complying with the last Synod's appointment. 

Mr. John Miller having left the Synod last year without leave, and not being 
present now, the consideration of it is deferred till our next Synod. 

The affair of Second Philadelphia Presbytery referred to this Synod, came 
under consideration in the course of reading last year's minute, and after some 
discourse upon the subject, they do not judge it expedient to determine at this 
time whether said Presbytery be continued or not, but refer it to the next 
Synod. 

The question, ought ministers to be ordained, sine titulo? came under 
consideration ; and after the several Presbyteries had delivered their senti- 
ments, and every member had been called upon to speak to it, the Synod ap- 
point Messrs. Richard Treat, Rodgers, and Dr. Finley, a committee to draw 
up a minute in answer to said question, and bring it in at our next sederunt. 

Messrs. Gilbert Tennent, Cross, Dr. Alison, Ewing, Richard Treat, Samuel 
Finley, Rodgers, Brainerd, and the moderator, are appointed a committee of 
correspondence with the American and foreign churches, for the ensuing year; 
and that they meet at Philadelphia the last Wednesday of July, at three 
o'clock, P. M. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 



335 "* MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

Three o'clock, P. M. The Synod met according to adjournment. Post 
preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, To read the minutes of last sederunt. 

The settlement of the Indian affairs with Mr. Brainerd further deferred. 

The committee appointed to bring in a minute with respect to the question, 
Ought ministers to be ordained sine titulo ? are come in ; and after considera- 
ble deliberation, the affair is deferred till next sederunt. 

Adjourned till to-morrow morning, nine o'clock. Concluded with prayer. 

19 day, nine o 'clock. The Synod met according to adjournment. Post 
preces sederunt qui supra, 

(Except Mr. Pierson, who had leave to go away.) 

The moderator being unexpectedly called away, Mr. Rodgers, the last 
year's moderator, was desired to take the chair until his return. 

Ordered, To read the minutes of the last sederunt. 

The Indian affairs come under consideration, and Mr. Brainerd reports that 
there has been paid into his hands the sum of twenty-eight pounds, nineteen 
shillings, and four pence, provincial currency, which money, with other col- 
lections that are, or may be put into his hands, the Synod order to be laid out 
as in manner ordered last year, for the support of the Indian school, and that 
the money allowed for the support of the master, shall not exceed fifty pounds, 
provincial currency; and further appoint, that a collection be made this year 
also, through their bounds, for the support of said school; and that each Pres- 
bytery take care that said collection be duly made through their bounds, and 
that they lay their accounts, regularly adjusted, before our next Synod. 

And Mr. Brainerd further reports, that there appears to have been paid to 
Mr. Occam, about the sum of thirty-four pounds, provincial currency. 

The Synod order that the interest of the money in the hands of the treasurer 
of the College of New Jersey for Indian affairs, be given to Mr. Brainerd the 
ensuing year. 

The question, Ought ministers to be ordained sine titulo? i. e. without re- 
lation, or probable view had, to a particular charge, resumed; and, after fur- 
ther deliberation, we judge as follows : That in ordinary cases, where churches 
are properly regulated and organized, it is a practice highly inexpedient, and 
of dangerous consequences, not to be allowed in our body except in some 
special cases, as missions to the Indians, and some distant places that regular- 
ly apply for ministers. But as the honour and reputation of the Synod is 
much interested in the conduct of Presbyteries in such special cases, it is 
judged, that they should previously apply to the Synod and take their advice 
therein, unless the cases require such haste as would necessarily prevent the 
benefit of such a mission if delayed to the next session of Synod. In which 
cases the Presbyteries shall report to the next Synod the state of the cases, 
and the reasons for their conduct. 

The third, fourth, and fifth queries in the Synod's book came under con- 
sideration, and after considerable deliberation, we appoint Messrs. Samuel 
Finley, Spencer, Tennent, Guild, Montgomery, Hunt, Caldwell, Samuel 
Woodroff, and the moderator, to prepare a minute and bring it in at the next 
sederunt. 

Adjourned till Monday morning, at ten o'clock. Concluded with prayer. 

21 st day, ten o'clock, A. M. The Synod met according to adjournment. 

Post preces sederunt qui supra. 
(Except Mr. John Hannah, Mr. Smith's elder, who is gone home.) 
Ordered, The minutes of the last sederunt be read. 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 337 

The committee for preparing a minute upon the third, fourth, and fifth que- 
ries, report they met but had not time to finish it. 

Ordered, They bring it in at next sederunt. 

Ordered, To proceed in reading the minutes of last Synod. 

An appeal of Messrs. Smith, Roan, and Duffield, from a judgment of the 
Presbytery of Donegall, with respect to the ordination of elders, deferred tiS 
next Synod, (all the parties not being present,) at which time they are order- 
ed to be present and prepared for trial, that the affair may be issued. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

Three o'clock, P. M. met according to adjournment. Post preces, sede- 
runt qui supra. 

Ordered, To read the minutes of last sederunt. 

The committee for forming a minute in answer to the third, fourth, and 
fifth queries in the Synod's book, made their report, and after deliberation and 
free debate, we judge as follows: 

In answer to the third query, the Synod judge, that any student in divinity 
who professes a design to enter into the ministry, has a right in our present 
situation, to study for his improvement, under the direction of any divine of 
reputation in the Synod, according to a former act; but that when he pro- 
poses to enter upon trials, with a view to the ministry, he shall come under 
the care of that Presbyter}' to which he most naturally belongs : And he shall 
be deemed most naturally to belong to that Presbytery in whose bounds he 
has been brought up, and lived for the most part, and where he is best known. 
But if another Presbytery desire that any student or students should come 
into their bounds, or if any such student or students, for greater conveniency, 
or from any circumstances that make it necessary, desire to enter upon trials 
in a different Presbytery, upon his offering satisfactory reasons, he may be 
dismissed; but in either case, the Presbytery to which he removes shall not 
receive nor admit him to come under trials upon his having a certificate as a 
regular church member only, but he shall bring a testimonial from the Presby- 
tery, or several neighbouring ministers where he lived, recommending him as 
a candidate for the ministry, of exemplary piety and holiness of conversation, 
nor shall any thing less be esteemed a sufficient recommendation. 

Messrs. Montgomery and Talmage dissent from the above judgment. 

In answer to the fourth query we judge, that though every Christian so- 
ciety should maintain communion with others as far as they can with a good 
conscience, yet no society in order to maintain communion, is obliged to 
adopt or imitate the irregularities and deficiencies of another, contrary to its 
own established and approved rules of procedure. And if any society or 
body of men are known to be of erroneous principles, or to be lax or negli- 
gent as to the orthodoxy or piety of those they admit into the ministry, as we 
apprehend to be the case of the New Light, in Ireland, and of some other par- 
ticular judicatures and individual ministers who may," and in some places on 
this continent, do convene together as a temporary judicature for the single 
purpose of licensing, or ordaining a candidate : In such cases, none of our 
Presbyteries are obliged to receive and employ in their bounds, as gospel 
ministers or probationers, such persons, though producing fair certificates, 
and professing to adopt our Confession. But if any ordained minister, or 
candidate, comes well recommended by those on whose testimony we can 
depend, such are to be gladly received upon their adopting our Confession, 
and promising subjection in the Lord. (See this further explained in the 
minutes of 1765, p. 344.) 

As to the fifth query, though the Synod entertains a high regard for the 
Associated Churches of New England, yet we cannot but judge, that students 
29 



338 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

who go to them, or to any other than our own Presbyteries to obtain license, 
in order to return and officiate among us, act very irregularly, and are not to 
be approved or employed by our Presbyteries, as hereby we are deprived of 
the right of trying and approving the qualifications of our own candidates ; 
yet, if any case may happen wherein such a conduct may, in some circum- 
stances be thought necessary, for the greater good of any congregation, it shall 
be laid before the Presbytery to which the congregation belongs, and approv- 
ed of by them. 

Ordered, To proceed in reading the minutes of last Synod. 

There is no report from the Presbytery of Dutchess county, whether they 
have complied with the last year's order respecting them. 

Messrs. Brush and Parkhurst are ordered to give them notice that they are 
required to attend our next Synod, and give us an authentic account of their 
forming according to our orders, and that they bring their minutes. 

Adjourned till to-morrow morning nine o'clock. Concluded with prayer. 

22d day, nine o' 'clock, met according to adjournment. Post preces sede- 
runt qui supra, 

(Except Dr. Finley, and Messrs. R. Smith, Thomas Smith, and Bradner, 
who had leave to go home.) 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

Ordered, To proceed in reading the minutes of last Synod. 

The question respecting psalmody came to be considered, and after much 
discourse on the subject, the Synod do judge that they are not at present pre- 
pared to give a final answer thereto, and that it is most for the edification of 
the church to defer it to the next Synod. In the mean time we do confirm 
the agreement of the last Synod, and allow those congregations who find it 
most expedient to continue in the use of Dr. Watts's imitation till the matter 
be further considered and determined. 

The committee appointed to meet at Little Britain to try the appeals from 
the judgment of Donegall Presbytery, with respect to Messrs. Sampson Smith 
and William Edmiston, report that they met and formed the following judg- 
ment. The further consideration of it deferred till next sederunt. 

Adjourned till three o'clock. Concluded with prayer. 

Three o'clock, P. M., the Synod met according to adjournment. Post 
preces sederunt qui supra. 

The committee appointed to examine the several Presbyteries' books, 
brought in their reports, which are as follows: 

The Presbytery book of New Brunswick approved except some omissions. 
The Presbytery book of New York approved except some few inaccuracies. 
The Presbytery book of Suffolk approved since the time of the union of the 
two Synods, except that they have neglected to record their candidates adopt- 
ing our public standards at licensure, though they inform us it is matter of 
constant practice that they try and license at the same Presbytery, and in one 
instance ordained without previous trial or licensure ; and that they license for 
a certain time. Of all which we highly disapprove. 

Ordered, To read the minutes of last sederunt. 

The judgment of the committee which met at Little Britain again consid- 
ered. And after mature deliberation, though we do not doubt the committee 
acted with the utmost integrity, nevertheless we judge, the censure they in- 
flicted on Mr. Sampson Smith was not adequate to the crimes stated in their 
judgment. 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 339 

Messrs. Lewis Talmage and Weeks, Mr. Lewis's elder, have leave to go 
home. 

Adjourned till to-morrow morning nine o'clock. Concluded with prayer. 

23c? day, nine o'clock, met according to adjournment. Post preces sede- 
runt qui supra. 

Ordered, To read the minutes of last sederunt. 

Ordered, To proceed in reading the minutes of last Synod. 

The committee appointed to meet the corporation for the relief, &c. report, 
that they met, but as our missionaries did not go to the frontiers there was no 
money to be disposed of, and they had nothing to do. 

The Synod not fully understanding the state of the case with respect to the 
money in the hands of the corporation to be disposed of for pious uses in con- 
junction with the Synod's committee, we appoint Messrs. Brainerd, Spence, 
Ramsey, and Montgomery, a committee to inspect into the state of that affair 
and lay it before our next Synod. 

The address to the king was presented, and we hear was most graciously 
received. 

The appointments for Mr. Gilbert Tennent's congregation were substan- 
tially fulfilled. 

Several supplications from North Carolina were presented by the committee 
of bills and overtures, earnestly praying for supplies, w r hich were read and 
urged with several verbal relations representing the state of that country. In 
consequence thereof, Mr. Charles Jef. Smith, a correspondent with this Synod, 
informed us, that he intended to undertake a journey to the southward, in 
which we greatly rejoice, and appoint Mr. Smith to spend as much time as 
he conveniently can before our next Synod under the direction of the Hanover 
Presbytery. 

As the Presbytery of New Brunswick have appointed Mr. Amos Thomp- 
son to supply for some time in Loudon county, Virginia, after said appoint- 
ment is fulfilled, we recommend it to Mr. Thompson to supply under the di- 
rection of Hanover Presbytery till next Synod. Mr. David Caldwell, a can- 
didate of New Brunswick Presbytery, is appointed to go as soon as possible, 
but not to defer it longer than next fall, and supply under the direction of the 
Hanover Presbytery till next Synod. The clerk ordered to give attested 
copies to these gentlemen of these our orders. 

The Synod more particularly considering the state of many congregations 
to the southward, and particularly North Carolina, and the great importance 
of having those congregations properly organized, appoint the Rev. Messrs. 
Elihu Spencer and Alexander McWhorter, to go as our missionaries for that 
purpose; that they form societies, help them in adjusting their bounds, ordain 
elders, administer sealing ordinances, instruct the people in discipline, and 
finally direct them in their after conduct, particular in what manner they shall 
proceed to obtain the stated ministry, and whatever else may appear useful or 
necessary for those churches and the future settlement of the gospel among 
them. And also, that they assure those people wherever they go, that this 
Synod has their interest much at heart, and will neglect no opportunities of 
affording them proper candidates and supplies to the utmost of our power. 
Ordered, that the clerk give said missionaries an attested copy of this minute, 
and proper testimonials signed by the moderator and clerk. And that these 
brethren may not suffer by so long and expensive a journey, the Synod agree 
to defray their expenses and make them a proper acknowledgment for the 
damages they may sustain in their domestic affairs; and for this purpose a 
collection is ordered through our bounds, and each Presbytery required to see 
it be duly observed. 



340 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

Mr. Mills is ordered to supply Mr. McWhorter's pulpit three Sabbaths, 
and the Presbytery of New York the remainder of the time during Mr. 
McWhorter's absence. And the Presbytery of New Brunswick ordered to 
supply Mr. Spencer's pulpit during his absence. 

A request was made from the first Philadelphia Presbytery, also from Mr. 
Gilbert Tennent and his congregation, praying supplies for said congregation 
till November. We accordingly appoint the Rev. Mr. Brainerd to supply 
there the first Sabbath in June, Mr. Enoch Green the second, Mr. Richard 
Treat the third, Mr. William Tennent, jun'r. the fourth and first in July, Mr. 
Murray the second, third, fourth, and fifth; Mr. Rodgers the first Sabbath of 
August, Mr. Ramsey the second, Mr. Blair the third, Mr. Robert Smith the 
fourth ; Mr. Kirkpatrick the first Sabbath in September, Mr. Beatty the se- 
cond, Mr. Richard Treat the third, Mr. Montgomery the fourth, Mr. Hunt the 
fifth ; Mr. Duffield the first and second Sabbaths in October, Mr. Guild the 
third, Mr. Kirkpatrick the fourth; and Mr. Lawrence the first Sabbath of 
November. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

Three o'clock P. M., met according to adjournment. Post preces sede- 
runt qui supra. 

Ordered, To read the minutes of last sederunt. 

A certain John Harris entered an appeal from a judgment of the Presbytery 
of New Castle, respecting certain complaints exhibited by him and others 
against the Rev. Mr. Andrew Bay. As this matter cannot be issued here we 
appoint the Rev. Messrs. Robert Smith, Roan, Elder, John Miller, Tate, 
Samuel Thompson, Beatty, Ramsey, Kirkpatrick, Richard Treat, Montgo- 
mery, Duffield, and William Tennent, jun'r. a committee to hear and try the 
merits of the cause, and to issue the whole affair, and to take what methods 
they may think proper thereto. And that they meet the first day of August, 
at eleven o'clock, at Deer Creek meeting-house, and that Mr. Montgomery 
open the committee. Ordered, that the moderator and as many of the mem- 
bers of New Castle Presbytery as conveniently can, attend the committee. 

The Synod considering the distressed condition of the frontiers, the calami- 
ties of an Indian war, and the withholding the influences of the Divine Spirit 
in a great degree from most of our churches, do agree to observe the second 
Thursday of June throughout our bounds as a day of fasting and prayer, that 
we may humble ourselves before Almighty God, deprecate his displeasure, 
and implore the out-pouring of his Holy Spirit. 

Adjourned till the third Wednesday in May next, at ten o'clock, to meet at 
the first Presbyterian church in Philadelphia. Concluded with prayer. 

Philadelphia, May loth, 1765. 

The Synod of New York and Philadelphia met according to adjournment. 
Ubi post preces sederunt. 

Of the Presbytery of Hanover, the Rev. Mr. John Todd. 

Of the Presbytery of Lewestown, the Rev. Messrs. John Millar, Matthew 
Wilson, John Harris, Joseph Montgomery, and Jacob Ker. 

Of the Presbytery of New Castle, the Rev. Messrs. John Rogers, John 
Blair, Adam Boyd, Alexander McDowal, William McKennan. 

Of the Presbytery of Donegall, the Rev. Messrs. Joseph Tate, Robert 
Smith, Sampson Smith. 

Of the first Presbytery of Philadelphia, the Rev. Messrs. Richard Treat, 
Andrew Hunter, John Brainerd, Charles Beatty, Daniel Lawrence, Benjamin 
Chestnut, William Ramsey, John Griffith, John Clark. 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 341 

Of the second Philadelphia Presbytery, the Rev. Messrs. Robert Cross, 
Francis Alison, John Ewing, John Simonton, James Latta. 

Of the Presbytery of New Brunswick, the Rev. Messrs. Samuel Finley, Eli- 
hu Spencer, Benjamin Hait, William Kirkpatrick, John Hannah, Amos 
Thompson, Enoch Green. 

Of the Presbytery of New York, the Rev. Messrs. A. Horton, Benjamin 
WoodrofT, Alexander McWhorter, Joseph Treat, James Caldwell, Nathan 
Ker. 

Of the Presbytery of Suffolk, the Rev. Messrs. Thomas Lewis and Wil- 
liam Mills. 

Elders: Messrs. Gill, Belcher, Barker, John Maxfield, William Skirvin, Je- 
rome Duchane, James Anderson, Hugh Wilson, John Wigton, John Walter, 
John Wallace, Thomas McKean, William Allen, Nehemiah Baldwin, Garret 
Noel, Samuel WoodrofT, Joseph Akin. 

Of New Brunswick Presbytery, absent, Messrs. Guild, McKnight, McCrea, 
Reed, William Tennent, Job Prudden, Thomas Smith. 

Of Suffolk Presbytery, absent, Messrs. Prime, White, Bael, Barker, Brown, 
Talmage, Paine, Reeve, Occum, and Goldsmith. 

Of Donegall Presbytery, absent, Messrs. Elder, Thompson, Steel, Rowan, 
Hogg, Dutheld, Strain, McMordie, Beard, Hunt. 

Of Hanover Presbvtery, absent, Messrs. Black, Craig, Brown, Patillo, 
McCadden, Waddel, Rice. 

Of Lewes Presbytery, absent, Mr. Charles Tennent. 

Of New York Presbytery, absent, Messrs. Pierson, Jones, Green, Darby, 
Richards, Roe, Elmure, Packhurst, Moffat, Brush, Tuttle, Peppard, Simon 
Horton, Knox, and Malby. 

Of New Castle Presbytery, absent, Messrs. Hutchinson, James Finley, Car- 
michael, and Sterling. 

Of Philadelphia first Presbytery, Nehemiah Greenman. 

The moderator opened the Synod with a sermon from Tit. hi. 8. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

JLt three o'clock, met according to adjournment. Post preces sederunt 
qui supra. 

Ordered, The minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

Mr. John Millar was chosen moderator, and, having received the usual 
charge, took the chair. 

Mr. John Ewing was chosen clerk, and Mr. Kirkpatrick for his assistant. 

Ordered, That the minutes of our Synodical meeting last year be read. 

The reasons of the absence of Messrs. Kirkpatrick, Hunter, Hannah, Ches- 
nut, and of the whole second Presbytery of Philadelphia, and of Messrs. Boyd, 
Blair, McDowal, Sampson, Smith, Millar, Wilson, Harris, Todd, from our 
last Synod, were sustained. 

Mr. Bay was desired to give his reasons in writing to the Synod, for his ab- 
sence since the year 1758, to-morrow morning. 

Mr. Tate excused for not attending last year. 

The first Presbytery of Philadelphia report that the Rev. Gilbert Tennent 
is dead since our last. 

The Presbytery of New Brunswick report, that they have ordained Messrs. 
James Lyon and John Roxborough to the work of the ministry, and that they 
have licensed Simon Williams. 

The Presbytery of New York report, that they have ordained the Rev. Mr. 
Francis Peppard to the work of the ministry ; and that the Rev. Mr. Enos 
Airs is dead since our last; and that the Rev. Mr. Kettletas has withdrawn 
from this body. 
29* 



342 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

Suffolk Presbytery report, that they have ordained to the work of the min- 
istry Mr. Benjamin Goldsmith. 

New Castle Presbytery report, that they have deposed Mr. Andrew Ster- 
ling and licensed Mr. Samuel Blair. 

Donegall Presbytery report, that they licensed Mr. Robert Cooper to 
preach the gospel. 

Lewes Presbytery report, that they have ordained Mr. Alexander Huston, 
who, being present, took his seat in the Synod; and that they have licensed 
Mr. Thomas McCrackan. 

Hanover Presbytery report, that they have ordained Mr. David Rice, and 
licensed Mr. James C res well. 

The second Presbytery of Philadelphia report, that they licensed Mr. James 
Leng to preach the gospel in the year 1764. 

The Synod appoints for a committee of overtures, the Rev. Messrs. Tate, 
Todd, Wilson, Rodgers, Lawrence, Latta, Hoit, McWhorter, and Mills; 
Elders John Maxwell, Nehemiah Baldwine, and John Wigton, to meet at six 
o'clock to-morrow morning, and by adjournments, from time to time, at this 
house. 

Ordered, That the Presbytery book of New Brunswick be examined by 
Messrs. Caldwell and Beatty; that of Donegall by Messrs. Ramsey and Blair; 
that of York by Messrs. Lewis and James Finley ; that of the second Presby- 
tery of Philadelphia by Messrs. McDowal and Horton. 

The Presbytery books of Suffolk, Lewes, and Hanover, are not here. 

The committee appointed to dispose of the money in the hands of the trea- 
surer of New Jersey College, appropriated for the education of poor and pious 
youth, brought in a state of their accounts since the year 1758, which is as 
follows: 

1758, Nov 23. Paid by the treasurer to Mr. William Ten- 

nent for the use of Mr. Leslie, 
For Mr. Carmichael, - 

1759, Nov. 23. To Mr. Carmichael, 

1760, June 11. To President Davies, for the use of Mr. Blair, 

1761, Aug. 3. To Mr. Rosborough, per order, 

1762, May 25. To do. ' per order, 

1763, Aug. 26. To Mr. Robert Cooper, per order, 

1764, July 5. To do. per order, 
Nov. 13, To Samuel Leak, per order, - 



Per Contra. 

1758 ? Oct. By interest in hand, - 

1762, July 2. By cash returned by Mr. Leslie, 
1765, Jan. 26. By do. per do. 

Oct. By interest on the capital, £500, from Oct. 

1758, at 6 per cent, till Oct. 1764, 

Total credit, 

Paid, 

Balance, ---■-. £58 00 

The Synod appoint Dr. Finley and Messrs. William Tennent, John Guild, 
Brainerd, Blair, Kirkpatrick, Ewing, Beatty, and Treat, to be a committee to 



£13 





14 15 


1 


10 00 





20 00 





SO 00 





14 00 





20 00 





13 00 





40 00 






£174 15 


1 


27 15 
13 00 
12 00 


1 




180 00 





232 15 
174 15 


1 
1 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 343 

dispose of the balance of said fund, which may be in their hands September 
next, and they are to meet at Princeton the third Tuesday of August next. 

The Synod appoint for their commission the ensuing year, Messrs. Richard 
Treat, Dr. Alison, Beatty, Ewing, Dr. Finley, Blair, Boyd, Tate, Elder, 
Robert Smith, William Tennent, Guild, Azarias Horton, Brown, Spencer, 
Brainerd, Rodgers, Hunter, McDowal, and Jones, with the moderator; elders 
John Wallace, Samuel WoodrofT, Garret Noel, Jerome Duchane, and John 
Maxwell; thirteen of whom, including the moderator, shall be a quorum; but 
if the moderator die, or be absent, the first on the roll mentioned in the min- 
ute, shall have power to call the commission and to preside. 

Adjourned till to-morrow morning, at nine of the o'clock. 

Concluded with prayer. 

16th May, at nine o'clock, A. M. The Synod met according to their ad- 
journment. Ubi post preces sederunt qui supra, 

With the Rev. Messrs. William Tennent, Carmichael, Charles Tennent, 
William Tennent, jun., Beard, James Finley, Rowan, Strain, and Steel: 
elders William McConkey, Walter Stewart, David Patten, Alexander Mc- 
Clure, Francis Alexander. Mr. Duffield was also present. 

Ordered, The minutes of our last to be read. 

Ordered, The minutes of last Synod to be read. 

Mr. McMordie is come, aud the reasons of his absence last year were sus- 
tained. 

Mr. Bay brought in the reasons of his absence from Synod since the year 
1758, and the Synod earnestly recommend it to him to be more punctual in 
future attendance upon the judicatures of this church, 

The committee of correspondence with the foreign churches did no business 
by reason of the few members attending. 

The Synod appoint Dr. Alison, Dr. Finley, and Messrs. Treat, McDowal, 
and Beatty, to prepare a plan of correspondence to be laid before the Synod 
as soon as convenient. 

The several Presbyteries are desired to lay before the Synod the account of 
the money they have collected for the Indian school to-morrow afternoon. 

Mr. Brainerd is appointed to receive the money in the hands of the trustees 
of New Jersey College for Indian affairs for the ensuing year, as an addition 
to his salary. 

Mr Caldwell fulfilled appointments under the direction of the Hanover 
Presbytery. 

Messrs. Spencer and McWhorter fulfilled their mission to the southward. 
Mr. McWhorter' s pulpit was supplied during his absence, and the Presbytery 
of Brunswick were satisfied with the care taken to supply Mr. Spencer's 
people. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

At three o'clock, P. M. the Synod met. Ubi post preces sederunt qui 
supra, 

With the Rev. Mr. John Elder, and Henry Knox, his elder. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last be read. 

Ordered, That Dr. Alison, Dr. Finley, and Messrs. Treat, Beatty, Wal- 
lace, and WoodrofT, be a committee to converse with Mr. Spencer and Mr. 
McWhorter concerning the expenses of their mission, and make report to the 
Synod to-morrow morning, that the Synod may be able to judge what they 
should do further both for the said missionaries, and for the settlement of 
gospel ministers in Carolina. 

Messrs. Blair and McDowal are appointed to draw up an answer to the 



344 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

fourth query under our consideration, to be submitted to the judgment of the 
Synod to-morrow morning. 

The affair of Psalmody is next to be considered. 

Mr. Hunt is now come, with his elder, Francis Armstrong. 

Adjourned till nine o'clock, to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 

llth of May, at nine o'clock, A. M. the fynod met. Ubi post preces, se- 
derunt qui supra. 

Ordered our last minutes to be read. 

Mr. Gilbert Belcher Parker is gone home. 

The committee appointed to converse with Messrs. Spencer and McWhor- 
ter request time till Tuesday morning for further conversation with them. 

The Synod finding some obscurity in the answer given last year to the 
fourth query, [vid. p. 337,) they have agreed to explain it further in the follow- 
ing words : 

It is undoubtedly the right of Presbyteries to converse with any probationer, 
or minister from foreign parts, as far as they may find it necessary to give 
them satisfaction, and not receive him implicitly on a certificate, however fair 
and regular, together with his general profession of adopting the Westminster 
Confession and Catechisms. But if such probationer, or minister, shall come 
from a church or judicature generally suspected, or known to be erroneous, 
or lax and negligent with respect to the moral conduct or piety of their can- 
didates, or members; or if they shall come from any number of ministers who 
may convene without any regular constitution, merely for the purpose of 
licensing or ordaining particular persons; in that case a certificate from such a 
judicature, and such a general profession of the party's adopting the Confes- 
sion of Faith, is still less satisfactory, and renders it highly necessary for the 
Presbytery to which application shah be made, to be more particular and ex- 
act in examining the principles of such a probationer, or minister, before they 
admit him, or employ him in their bounds. 

The affair of psalmody being resumed, Dri Finley and Mr. McDowell are 
appointed to draw up a minute relating to that affair, before our next. 

An appeal from the judgment of Donegall Presbytery concerning the mode 
of setting elders apart to their office came under consideration, and the Synod 
appoint the clerk to draw up a minute concerning it, to be laid before our 
Synod at their next meeting. 

Adjourned till three of the clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

At 3 o'clock, P. M., the Synod met. Ubi post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of our last be read. 

The clerk according to appointment brought in the following minute, which 
was approved: 

The Synod having heard the judgment of the Presbytery of Donegall, in 
April, 1761, concerning the mode of setting elders apart to their office in one 
of the Presbyterian churches in Carlisle, together with the reasons of the ap- 
peal to the Synod from said judgment, do, upon the whole, approve of the 
Presbytery's judgment, and also of their caution to prevent any bad conse- 
quences that might arise from a deviation from that mode which has been 
commonly used in this church, and which is highly proper on such occasions. 
although we wish that they had expressed their caution in stronger terms. 
We judge that the elders chosen at that time are clothed with sufficient autho- 
rity to act in the office of elders in the church, as they actually acquiesced in 
the election of the people, and in their appointment to the office; and we 
judge that the consent of the persons to undertake the office should be neces- 
sarily obtained. And though it appears it was substantially obtained in the 



' NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 345 

present case, yet we are of opinion that it had been more eligible, and more 
for the peace and edification of the church, if their public and explicit consent 
to undertake and execute that office had been taken in the face of the congre- 
gation. And we hope that the Presbytery will observe their own directions 
for the future. 

The account of money collected for the Indian school further deferred. 

The committee according to appointment brought in a minute respecting 
psalmody, which being read and amended, is as follows: 

After some consideration of the query concerning the use of Dr. Watts's 
imitation of the Psalms, the Synod judged it best, in present circumstances, 
only to declare that they look on the inspired Psalms in Scripture, to be pro- 
per matter to be sung in Divine worship, according to their original design 
and the practice of the Christian churches, yet will not forbid those to use the 
imitation of them whose judgment and inclination leads them to do so. 

Mr. Adam Boyd had leave to go home. 

A reference from the Presbytery of New Castle was brought into the Sy- 
nod, requesting them to give their judgment, whether the Rev. Mr. John 
Rodgers should be removed to New York, agreeable to the call of that con- 
gregation. After hearing what the commissioners, both from St. George's 
and from New York, had to offer on that occasion, the Synod adjourned till 
nine o'clock to-morrow morning, and concluded with prayer. 

ISth of May. The Synod met according to adjournment. Ubi post 
preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of our last be read. 

Messrs. William Tennent, senior, James Finley, Thomas Lewis, Nathan 
Kerr, and William Tennent, junior, beg leave to enter their dissent from the 
judgment of the Synod concerning the judgment of Donegall Presbytery with 
respect to the setting elders apart for their office. 

The affair of Mr. Rodgers's removal to New York was resumed, and before 
the Synod entered on the consideration thereof it was agreed unanimously, 
solemnly to call on God by prayer for light and direction to issue this im- 
portant affair. After the arguments for and against Mr. Rodgers's removal 
were heard fully, and with great attention, it was put to the vote, and carried 
by a great majority, that he shall be removed; and accordingly the Synod de- 
clare, that his relation to the congregation of St. George's is dissolved; and 
they exhort that congregation to attend to the reasons and necessity hereof, 
and to behave as Christians under this dispensation. 

Dr. Finley and Mr. Harris have leave to go home. 

Adjourned till ten o'clock, A. M., on Monday next. Concluded with 
prayer. 

20th of May, at ten o'clock, A. M. The Synod met. Post preces sede- 
runt qui supra. 

Mr. John Montgomery, Mr. Steel's elder, is now come. 

Having considered the collection of money for the Indian school, it was 
agreed to defer the final settlement of that business until the committee, ap- 
pointed to converse with Messrs. Spencer and McWhorter, bring in their 
report. 

At the request of the Rev. Mr. Rodgers, and of the congregation of St. 
George's, Mr. Spencer is appointed to supply that congregation four weeks 
before Mr. Rodgers removes from them. 

The committee for overtures introduced the following calls and supplica- 
tions, viz. a call for the Rev. Mr. Spencer from Cathy's Settlement and Fourth 
Creek, which was presented to him; also a supplication for supplies from the 



346 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

inhabitants of North Carolina, living between the waters of Yadkins and Ca- 
tabaw Rivers, and particularly for the removal of Mr. Spencer and Mr. 
McWhorter to settle among them; and two other supplications from the con- 
gregations of Bethel and Poplar Tent, in Mecklenburg county, in the same 
colony, for supplies ; a supplication was also brought in from the united con- 
gregations of New Providence and the Six Mile Spring, in North Carolina, 
for supplies, and the countenance of the Synod for settling gospel ministers 
among them; another also, from Hawneld and Little River, in the same 
colony, for supplies ; likewise a supplication for supplies from Long Lanes, 
in South Carolina. 

A call for the Rev. Mr. McWhorter from Hopewell and Centre congrega- 
tions, in North Carolina, was brought in by the committee of overtures, but 
the Synod apprehending that some other persons may be more conveniently 
sent to North Carolina, did not present the call to him. 

Adjourned to three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

M three o'clock, P. M., the Synod met. Ubi post preces sederunt qui 
supra. 

In consequence of sundry supplications from North Carolina for supplies, 
the Synod appoint Messrs. Nathan Kerr, George Duffield, William Ramsey, 
David Caldwell, James Latta, and Robert Mr. Mordie, to go there as soon as 
they can conveniently, and each of them to tarry half a year in these vacant 
congregations, as prudence may direct. And the moderator and clerk are or- 
dered to give proper certificates to the aforesaid gentlemen; and the respective 
Presbyteries are to make provision for the pulpits of the settled ministers. 
The Presbytery of Suffolk are to supply Mr. Kerr's congregation four Sab- 
baths, of which Mr. Mills is to notify the Presbytery. 

A paper containing an appeal of the people of New Castle and Christine 
Bridge, from a judgment of the Presbytery of New Castle respecting a call to 
Mr. Magaw; and a complaint against said Presbytery in that affair, was 
brought in by the committee of overtures and read ; and having heard the 
minutes of that Presbytery read, and what the commissioners had to offer on 
that subject, adjourned till to-morrow morning, at nine of the clock. 

Concluded with prayer. 

21 day of May, the Synod met at nine o'clock. Post preces sederunt 
qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of our last be read. 

The affair of New Castle and Christine congregations resumed, and after 
mature deliberation it was agreed, that Messrs. Montgomery, Wilson, and 
Caldwell, be a committee to prepare an overture to be submitted to the judg- 
ment of the Synod, to determine that affair at our next sederunt. 

Adjourned till six o'clock, A. M., to-morrow. Concluded with prayer. 

22 d day of May, at six of the clock, A. M. The Sy)iod met. Post preces 
sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, The minutes of our last to be read. 

The affair of New Castle and Christine Bridge resumed. The committee 
which was appointed brought in an overture, which being read and consider- 
ed, was approved, and is as follows : 

All parties being long and patiently heard, the Synod on the whole do judge, 
that the said Presbytery have acted a very cautious and Christian part in 
making such a stand against bigotry and party spirit in these congregations, 
and striving so long to prevent a breach of a solemn union stipulated between 
these societies, and therefore cannot but highly disapprove and condemn the 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 347 

indecent language of their appeal, and their bitter insinuations of injustice 
from that our worthy Presbytery. And as it appears there was at least a very 
considerable opposition made against presenting said call, the Presbytery 
might prudently delay it with a view, if possible, to obtain a greater union in 
Mr. Magaw, or some other person. However, as more light in the course of 
this trial has been thrown on that affair, than was given by the congregation 
to the Presbytery, it now appears the call had better be presented to Mr. Ma- 
gaw. And as the Presbytery assure us that they never intended to meddle 
with the civil property of their meeting-houses, even in the alternative pro- 
posed to these societies, which was only for the sake of peace, we leave them 
to settle that matter according to their own articles of union, and to determine 
the qualifications of their own voters, earnestly recommending it to both par- 
ties, in the spirit of meekness, to compromise their own differences, to main- 
tain their union inviolable, and to follow the things which make for peace and 
edification. 

The collections for the Indian school came under consideration, and it is 
ordered that they who have made collections for that purpose pay the same to 
Mr. Ewing, before to-morrow morning, of which he is to make a report. 

Nathan Kerr has leave to go home. 

Ordered, That Messrs. Brainerd, Ramsey, Spencer, and Montgomery, be 
a committee to wait on the corporation for the relief of poor and distressed 
Presbyterian ministers, and their widows and children, at their next meeting, 
and to request of them such papers as may serve to give any light to the 
Synod concerning their power or right to concur with the corporation in the 
disposal of any money that may be in their hands. 

Mr. Lewis had leave to go home. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 



Jit three o'clock, P. M. the Synod met. Ubi post preces sederunt qui 
supra. 

Ordered, Our last minutes to be read. 

The Rev. Mr. John Leavit, from New England, being present, was desired 
to sit as a correspondent. 

Dr. Finley is returned. 

A petition was brought in by the committee of overtures from West Not- 
tingham, complaining that they were aggrieved by a late order of the Synod 
which removed them from the care of New Castle Presbytery, and put them 
under the care of that of Donegall, inasmuch as the distance of the petitioners 
from the most usual places of Donegall Presbytery's meeting, and the creeks 
and rivers that lie between, greatly obstruct, and sometimes quite prevent 
their attendance on the meetings of said Presbytery; and requesting to be put 
under the care of New Castle Presbytery. 

Their petition was granted, and said congregation is remitted to the care of 
New Castle Presbytery as formerly. 

A petition from the Presbytery of Donegall was brought into the Synod by 
the committee of overtures, praying to be erected into two Presbyteries, or 
that the members added to the Donegall Presbytery, when the Presbyteries 
were new modelled, be ordered to return to their former judicatures. 

An appeal was also brought in against the vote of the Presbytery authori- 
zing this petition to the Synod. 

After hearing the Presbytery and the appellants with great deliberation, 
adjourned till eight o'clock, A. M., to-morrow. Concluded with prayer. 



348 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

23 d of May, at eight o'clock the Synod met. Ubi post preces sederunt 
qui supra. 

Ordered, That our last minutes be read. 

Messrs Baldwin and Strain had leave to go home. 

The petition of the Presbytery of Donegall, and the appeal of some mem- 
bers were further considered, and it was agreed not to grant the petition. 

The Synod having maturely considered the situation of affairs in the Pres- 
bytery of Donegall, agreed to erect the members of that Presbytery that live 
on the western side of the river Susquehannah into a new Presbytery, to- 
gether with the Rev. Mr. Andrew Bay, by the name of the Presbytery of 
Carlisle ; and appoint that their first meeting be at Philadelphia the 23d day of 
May, 1765; and the remaining members are hereby annexed to the Presby- 
tery of New Castle. 

An appeal from the judgment of the Presbytery of Donegall, respecting 
Messrs. Rowan andEdmiston was brought in by Mr. Edmiston, together with 
a reference respecting the same affair by the Presbytery of Donegall. Also 
another appeal from a judgment of said Presbytery, was brought in by Mr. 
McMordie. The Synod considering the impossibility of determining said 
affairs at present, have appointed the following gentlemen a committee to issue 
and determine both these matters, viz: Messrs. Beatty, Brainerd, Simonton, 
Guild, Montgomery, Clark, Spencer, Kirkpatrick, Hait, Hannah, Green, 
McKnight, and Ewing, to meet at Hanover on the first Wednesday of Sep- 
tember next; and that Mr. Ewing open the committee and that Mr. Elder 
give citations for evidences. It is also appointed that Messrs. Kirkpatrick, 
Montgomery, Beatty, Ewing, and Brainerd, be a committee to meet at Little 
Britain, to examine what evidences Mr. Edmiston may produce to support the 
charges brought against Mr. Rowan, and that both Messrs. Rowan and Ed- 
miston attend at that place on Friday the thirtieth of August; and that the 
committee make a report to the committee at Hanover, and that Mr. Hunt 
give citations to the evidences to appear at the committee. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

At three o'clock, the Synod met. Ubi post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, To read the minutes of our last. 

Mr. Baldwin, Mr. McWhorter's elder, had leave to go home. 

The committee of the Synod appointed last year to meet at Deer Creek, 
brought in their minutes which were read. And as Mr. Bay had appealed from 
the judgment of that committee after he and all parties were fully heard in 
their own defence; the Synod appoint Messrs. Wilson, Hunter, and Kirkpat- 
rick, a committee to bring in a judgment on the conduct of the committee at 
next sederunt. 

Adjourned till eight o'clock, A. M. to-morrow. Concluded with prayer. 

2Uh of May, the Synod met at eight, A. M. Post preces sederunt qui 
supra. 

Ordered, To read our last minutes. 

The committee, according to appointment, brought in a minute which being 
read and amended is as follows: 

The Synod having carefully examined the matter of Mr. Bay's appeal from 
the judgment of our committee appointed last year, in consequence of an 
appeal from a judgment of New Castle Presbytery that met at Deer Creek. 
on mature deliberation judge, that our committee have the merit of taking great 
pains to examine these difficult affairs, yet we cannot justify either the un- 
tender expressions relating to the Presbytery, or the severity of their judg- 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 349 

ment and censure of Mr. Bay. We rather approve of the judgment of the 
Presbytery, from which we judge there was no sufficient reason of an appeal, 
On the whole, considering the ferment of the people, the virulence of the pro- 
secutors, and the necessity of compromising the differences of the congrega- 
tions, we judge the Presbytery acted a very prudent and a Christian part, and 
that their exhortations were very salutary. 

This judgment being read and approved, it was overtured by a member, 
that inasmuch as sundry matters between Mr. Bay and the people of Deer 
Creek still stand open, that therefore these matters should be issued by the 
Presbytery of New Castle, notwithstanding Mr. Bay is set off as a member 
of Carlisle Presbytery; in which motion the Synod concurred, and accord- 
ingly ordered the Presbytery of New Castle to issue these matters as soon as 
they can conveniently. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

At three o'clock, P. M. the Synod met. Post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, Our last minutes to be read. 

The committee appointed to revise the Presbytery book of New Bruns- 
wick, brought it in and it was approved. The committee appointed for revi- 
sing Donegall book were prevented from revising it. The Presbytery book 
of the second Presbytery of Philadelphia was not put into the hands of the 
committee for revising it. 

There is no account from Dutchess county Presbytery, whether they have 
regularly formed themselves according to the order of the Synod. 

The committee appointed to meet with Messrs. Spencer and McWhorter, 
to settle with them the expense of their journey, and the losses they have sus- 
tained thereby in their affairs at home, make report, that they did meet ac- 
cordingly, and an account being laid before them, they are of opinion the 
money they have received of the Synod's collection and otherwise, which has 
not been expended on their journey, should by allowed them and divided be- 
tween them in proportion to the account of their expenses brought in and 
allowed. Mr. McWhorter returned to the Synod all the money of the Synod's 
collection allowed by the committee. The remaining collection in the hands 
of the Synod is to be disposed of according to their direction. 

The Rev. Messrs. Tate, Elder, Steel, Sampson Smith, McMordie, and 
Beard, brought in a paper signifying that it was a difficulty to acquiesce in the 
regulations of yesterday respecting the alteration made in the Presbytery of 
Donegall, because they apprehend that no relief of their grievances is thereby 
afforded; that their right as members was infringed in erecting a new Presby- 
tery out of the Donegall Presbytery, and annexing the remaining members to 
another Presbytery without consulting said Presbytery, or allowing them a 
vote in that affair; and that that Presbytery, though respectable and of long 
standing, was thereby abolished. When they were fully heard, and some 
other expedients were by them suggested, the Synod proceeded to review the 
affair, and seriously attended to the considerations suggested, and do judge 
that those brethren were so interested in the affair that they had not a right to 
vote, though they ought to have been consulted previous to any determination 
about it. As the new Presbytery will have no connection with the affairs that 
gave rise to their animosity 'and the connections of other brethren with the 
remaining members, may tend to allay those prejudices which may be risen 
too high to be otherwise worn off, the Synod cannot but hope, that their 
grievances will be found to be in a great measure relieved. And whereas the 
Presbytery of New Castle is now greatly diminished, the Synod conclude that 
no sufficient reasons are offered for altering their sentiments as to substance, 
and therefore still agree, that the late members of New Castle and Donegall 
30 



350 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

Presbyteries to the eastward of Susquehanna, be united in one Presbytery, 
by the name of Lancaster Presbytery, and that they meet the 25th of May, at 
six o'clock in the morning, at the first Presbyterian church in this city ; and 
that the Presbytery of Carlisle be continued. 

Messrs. McDowell and Ewing dissent from the above judgment, and beg 
liberty to bring in their reasons, which was granted. The reasons follow : 

1. Because the request of these brethren was not only entirely and abso- 
lutely refused, but their condition is rendered worse, for the new model of the 
Presbyteries provides no relief for any of their grievances, but leaves the same 
causes of uneasiness unremoved, and subjects them to many new inconve- 
niences. 

2. When the petition was refused, and the Synod proceeded to new model 
the Presbyteries, these brethren had a right to consult and act with them in 
this matter; whereas they were manifestly denied and excluded from this 
right, by the Synod's making one and abolishing two Presbyteries without 
consulting them and granting them a vote. 

3. Because the Synod has abolished Donegall Presbytery in particular, 
without allowing one member of it to vote in the cause, and that without any 
sufficient reason. This procedure is injurious to Donegall Presbytery, that 
has been long a respectable body, and has suffered in its peaceable character 
only by the addition of some new members; w T hich character we are per- 
suaded they would soon retrieve had their petition been granted. 

4. We apprehend that this act of the Synod is contrary to the declared in- 
tention of this body at the union of the Synods, and a violation of an article of 
that solemn agreement, where it is expressly provided, that the Presbyteries 
subsisting before should be united only when it was for edification. 

Ordered, That Mr. Duffield produce such of the original papers of the late 
Donegall Presbytery, to the committee to meet at Hanover, as relate to the 
affairs which are committed to their determination. 

The affair of the Indian school w r as resumed, and the Synod appointed 
Messrs. William Tennent, Brainerd, Montgomery, and Ewing, to consider 
and determine how their money in Mr. E wing's hands shall be divided, and 
to what purposes it shall be applied, and to give orders to Mr. Ewing to pay 
the same accordingly. 

The Rev. Mr. Jonathan Leavit, from New Hampshire in New England, 
produced to the Synod certificates of his regular standing in the gospel minis- 
try, and having professed his desire to join with this body, after adopting the 
Westminster Confession of Faith, as the confession of his faith, and having 
promised to conform himself to the Westminster Directory for worship and 
government, he was received as a member of the Synod, and was advised to 
put himself under the care of some one of our Presbyteries. 

Ordered, That a collection be made for propagating the gospel among the 
Indians, and for teaching their children; and that the several Presbyteries take 
care it be made in all their congregations, as well in those that want as in those 
that have settled ministers ; and that each Presbytery appoint some member 
to bring in to next Synod a particular account how every congregation in their 
bounds has complied with this order. 

A petition from a number of elders and gentlemen met in Philadelphia, was 
brought in and read, which is ordered to be kept m retentis, till it be further 
considered at our next Synod; and that the clerk transmit a copy of said paper 
to each of our Presbyteries, to enable them the better to consider and carry 
the things proposed into execution. 

Ordered, That Lewestown Presbytery supply Mr. Ramsey's congregation 
eight Sabbaths, Mr. James Finley and Mr. McKennan each one Sabbath, and 
the first Presbytery of Philadelphia the remainder of the time. That the 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 35 1 

Presbytery of New Brunswick supply Mr. Latta's pulpit sixteen Sabbaths, 
and the second Presbytery of Philadelphia the rest of the time. That the 
Presbyteries of Lancaster and Carlisle supply Mr. McMordie's pulpit and Mr. 
Duffield's in their absence. 

The affair of the second Philadelphia Presbytery deferred. 

Ordered, That the moderator give Mr. Bay a certificate, as he intends to 
take a journey into New England. 

Adjourned till the third Wednesday of May next, to meet at New York at 
three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

New York, May 21st, 1766. 

The Synod of New Y"ork and Philadelphia met accordingto adjournment. 
C'bi post preces sederunt. 

Ministers: The Rev. Messrs. John Pierson, Azariah Horlon, Timothy 
Jones, John Rodgers, Joseph Treat, Benjamin Hair, Jonathan Elmore, Ben- 
jamin Woodroff, Abner Brush, Alexander McWhorter, James Caldwell, 
Azel Roe, Samuel Parkhurst, Nathan Kerr, Simon Horton, Samuel Buel. 
Thomas Lewis, Benjamin Talmage, William Mills, David Rose, William 
Tennent, Charles Mcknight, IsraefReed, William Kirkpatrick, Enoch Green, 
Amos Thompson, Richard Treat, Andrew Hunter, Charles Beatty, William 
Hampsey, Benjamin Chesnutt, John Clark, John Ewing, Patrick Allison. 
John Blair, Elihu Spencer, Robert Smith, John Carmichael, Joseph Tate. 
John Beard, John Miller, Matthew Wilson, Joseph Montgomery, Jacob 
Kerr, Alexander Huston, Andrew Bay, George Duffield, ElishaKent, Samuel 
Sacket, John Smith, Eliphalet Ball, William Hanna. 

Elders: Messrs. Peter V. Livingston, Nathaniel Bell, Benjamin Bunnel, 
John Crane, Joseph Riggs, Robert Ogden, Jeffry Smith, David Harriot, Na- 
thaniel Scudder, Elias Bailey, James Allen, Thomas Jackson, John Maxwell, 
Joseph Crane, Joseph Lee, Jonathan Griffin, Philip Edsal, and William 
Humphreys. 

Ministers absent: The Rev. Messrs. Nehemiah Greenman, John Griffiths, 
John Brainerd, Alexander McDowell, John Elder, Sampson Smith, James 
Finley, William McKennan, Robert McMordie, James Hunt, John Rowan, 
Charles Tennent, John Harris, Abner Reeve, John Moffet, John Maltby, 
Hugh Knox, Aaron Richards, Moses Tuttle, John Darby, Jacob Green, Fran- 
cis Peppard, Ebenezer Prime, Sylvanus White, Nehemiah Barker, James 
Brown, Thomas Paine, Ezra Reeve, Benjamin Goldsmith, Samson Occum, 
James McCrea, Samuel Kennedy, John Hanna, Thomas Smith, John Guild. 
Job Pruden, John Rosborough, Dr. Samuel Finley, John Strain, John Steel, 
Samuel Thompson, John Hogg, John Slemons, Robert Cooper, Robert Cross, 
Dr. Francis Alison, John Simonton, James Latta, Samuel Dunlap, Solomon 
Mead. 

Absent: The whole Presbytery of Hanover. 

The Presbytery of Duchess county being present, report, that they have 
complied with the stipulations of the Synod in the year 1763, and have 
adopted the Westminster Confession of Faith and Catechisms, together with 
the Directory for worship and discipline, according to the usage of this Synod 
as appears from their minutes, which were produced and read; certain mem- 
bers of said Presbytery being present, were allowed to take their seats ac- 
cordingly. 

The Synod was opened by the Rev. Mr. John Miller, our last year's mo- 
derator, with a sermon from Heb. xiii. 17. 

There not being time to choose a "moderator and clerk this evening, the 
Synod agreed to defer the choice until to-morrow morning. 

Adjourned till nine o'clock, to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 



352 MIXUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

Thursday, 22d of May, at nine o'clock, A. M. the Synod met according 
to adjournment. Post preces sederunt qui supra. 

The Rev. Mr. Chancey Graham is now come. 

Ordered, That the minutes of our last sederunt be read. 

Mr. Spencer is chosen moderator for the ensuing year, who, after receiving 
the usual charge from the last year's moderator, took the chair. Messrs. 
Alexander McWhoner and Benjamin Talmage were chosen clerks. 

Messrs. Robert Ross, C. J. Smith, and William Tennent, jun'r. were de- 
sired to sit as correspondents. 

Ordered, That the minutes of last Synod be read. 

The reasons which Messrs. Buel, Talmage, Jones, Roe, Parkhurst, Brush, 
Elmore, Reed, and Horton, assigned for their absence from Synod last year, 
were sustained. 

Mr. Wheeler Case is now come, and his elder Frederick Horn. 

The first Presbytery of Philadelphia report, that the Rev. Mr. Daniel Law- 
rence died since our last, the 13th day of April, and further report, that they 
have ordained Mr. John Murray since our last Synod; but that some charges 
since that were laid in against him respecting his moral character, which are 
not yet decided by the Presbytery. 

Upon the report being brought in, some difficulties arose, whether Mr. 
Murray should be enrolled or not. The Synod voted that the report of the 
Presbytery should be received, and proceed no further in the affair the pre- 
sent sederunt. 

Adjourned to three o'clock. P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

Three o'clock, P. M. The Synod met according to adjournment. Post 
preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, The minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

The consideration of the report of the first Presbytery of Philadelphia, res- 
pecting Mr. Murray, deferred to the next sederunt. 

New York Presbytery report that they have received Mr. Jedediah Chap- 
man, a candidate for the work of the ministry. 

Suffolk Presbytery report, that they ordained Mr. David Rose to the work 
of the ministry. 

Lancaster Presbytery report, that they have ordained Mr. Samuel Blair. 

New Brunswick Presbvtery report, that thev have ordained Mr. David 
Caldwell. 

A motion being made that the minutes of the Synod's proceedings may be 
by the clerk copied, and sent to each Presbytery yearly, is deferred to further 
consideration. 

It is reported by a member of this body, that the Rev. Mr. Alexander Craig- 
head departed this life some time in March, 1766. 

The second Presbytery of Philadelphia report, that they have ordained Mr. 
Patrick Alison, and licensed Mr. James x\nderson, and Mr. James Latta, 
since our last. 

The Presbytery of Carlisle report, that they have ordained Mr. John Sle- 
mons, and Mr. Robert Cooper, since our last. 

Dutchess County Presbytery report, that since their erection into a Pres- 
bytery, they have received into their number Mr. William Hannah, and Mr. 
Dunlap; ordained Mr. Wheeler Case, and licensed Mr. John Clove. 

The Synod appoints for a committee of overtures, the Rev. Messrs. Rod- 
gers, Lewes. Sacket, Tennent, Treat, Ewine. Smith. 'Wilson. Duffield, Jl 
Elders, P. V. B. Livingston. Joseph Rigs. Nathaniel Scudder. John Maxwell, 
to meet to-morrow morning, at six o'clock, and by adjournment from time to 
time. 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 353 

Ordered, That the Presbytery book of New York be examined by Mr. 
Hunter and Mr. Reed. The other Presbytery books are not here. 

The committee appointed to dispose of the money in the hands of the trea- 
surer of the College of New Jersey, make no report of what is done, as their 
minutes are not here. 

Appointed as a committee, Messrs. William Tennent, Guild, Brainerd, Kirk- 
patrick, Ewing, Beatty, Enoch Green, and Reed, to meet at Princeton, the 
13th of August, to dispose of the money in the hands of the treasurer, then 
due, for the education of the poor and pious youth. 

The Synod appoint for their commissioners the ensuing year, the Rev. 
Messrs. Richard Treat, Dr. Alison, Beatty, Ewing, Dr. Finley, Blair, Boyd, 
Tate, Elder, Robert Smith, William Tennent, Millar, Guild, Horton, Brain- 
erd, Rodgers, Hunter, McDowell, Jones, with the moderator. Elders, P. V. 
B. Livingston, Robert Ogden, Nathaniel Scudder, Joseph Rigs, John Max- 
well; thirteen of whom to be a quorum. But if the moderator die, or be ab- 
sent, the first on the roll mentioned in the minute shall have power to call 
the commissioners and to preside. 

Adjourned till to-morrow morning, nine o'clock. 

Concluded with prayer. 

May 2'Sd, nine o'clock, met according to adjournment. Post preces sede- 
runt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

The consideration of the report of the first Philadelphia Presbytery, con- 
cerning Mr. Murray, further deferred. 

The Synod appoint Mr. Ewing to be our stated clerk. 

The motion which was made for the minutes of the Synod to be trans- 
cribed and sent to each Presbytery, resumed; and, after due consideration, 
the Synod appoint that all our minutes from the union, be transcribed by the 
stated clerk, and yearly transcribed and transmitted to each Presbytery in 
three months after the session of the Synod, and that the clerk shall be allow- 
ed twenty shillings provincial currency, by each Presbytery, for his annual 
labour. The Synod appoint, in order to defray the expenses of these copies, 
that there be a collection in all our congregations, or any other method that 
may appear convenient to particular members, for this purpose and other pub- 
lic uses. 

Dr. Alison is now come, and his reasons for not coming sooner sustained. 
His elder, Mr. William Humphreys, is also come. 

Ordered, To proceed in reading the minutes of the last Synod. 

The Synod appoint the Rev. Dr. Alison, Messrs. Blair, Beatty, P. V. B. 
Livingston, a committee to prepare a plan of correspondence with foreign 
churches, and to bring it in as soon as possible. 

Messrs. Kerr, Duffield, David Caldwell, and Mr. McMordie, who were ap- 
pointed to go and supply in North Carolina, complied with their appoint- 
ments. Mr. Ramsey, who was also appointed, did not go, and his reasons 
for not going were sustained. 

Mr. Leavit, who joined Lancaster Presbytery, according to order of Synod, 
has been at his request, dismissed from them, to return to New England. 

The consideration of the petition from a number of elders and gentlemen in 
Philadelphia deferred. 

The order of Synod, that Lancaster Presbytery should supply Mr. Duf- 
field's pulpit in his absence, complied with. 

At Mr. Talmage's request, he was released from the business of clerk, and 
Mr. Wilson is chosen in his place. 
30* 



354 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

The reasons why Mr. Latta did not fulfil his appointments in Carolina, be- 
ing given by some members in his absence, were sustained. 
Adjourned to three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

At three o'clock, P. M. Postpreces, sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, The minutes of last sederunt be read. 

The consideration of the affair respecting Mr. Murray is further deferred. 

The committee for settling a plan of correspondence with foreign churches 
are appointed to meet on Saturday afternoon. 

The Rev. Mr. Graham had leave to go home. 

Mr. Brainerd is appointed to receive the money in the hands of the trustees 
of New Jersey College for Indian affairs, for the current year, as an ad- 
dition to his salary. 

A motion was made by some members for a review of the Synod's judg- 
ment last year, respecting an affair in New Castle and Christiana congrega- 
tions. After having much conversation on the subject, it was determined by 
vote to refer the whole affair to next Synod, when all parties may be heard on 
their application. 

The committee appointed last Synod met at Hanover generally, and the 
reasons of such as were absent were sustained. Whereupon the Synod pro- 
ceeded to read the minutes of said committee, especially the several judgments 
on the various matters which came before them. Then Mr. Duffield offered 
an appeal, drawn up by Mr. Rowan, from their judgment, which was received 
and read. 

Adjourned to nine o'clock to-morrow. Concluded with prayer. 

May 24th, nine o'clock, A. M. The Synod met according to adjourn- 
ment. Post preces sederunt qui supra. 

The affair of Mr. Rowan's appeal being resumed, the Synod resolved to 
defer it till their next meeting, as he was not present to prosecute it. 

Mr. Murray's affair was resumed, and after some conversation was further 
deferred. 

Mr. James Allen, Mr. Ewing's elder, is now come. 

A motion was made concerning last Synod's minute, respecting the mission 
of Messrs. Spencer and Mc Whorter, to have it reconsidered, and after con- 
versing on the subject, the Synod order certain sums of money in the hands 
of Messrs. Ewing, Montgomery, and Caldwell, be put into the hands of Mr. 
Mc Whorter, that he may be enabled to refund to Mr. Spencer the sum of 
thirty-two pounds, which appears to be the balance due to him according to 
the stipulation of the Synod. 

Adjourned to Monday morning, ten o'clock. Concluded with prayer. 

May 26th, A. M. Met according to adjournment. Post preces sederunt 
qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of last sederunt be read. 

A motion made by Mr. Duffield respecting a minute of last year, deferred. 

The consideration of uniting the two Philadelphia Presbyteries was re- 
sumed, and after some discourse, it was determined to discuss it next sede- 
runt. 

Adjourned to three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

At three o'clock, P. M. met according to adjournment. Post preces 

sederunt qui supra. 
Ordered, That the minutes of last sederunt be read. 
Several papers relating to Mr. Murray's affairs were read, but the Presby- 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 355 

tery to which he belongs pleading a right to issue said matter, previous to the 
determination of the Synod, it was referred to their further examination. 

The affair of uniting the two Philadelphia Presbyteries, after some consid- 
eration was deferred till next sederunt. 

Adjourned to nine o'clock, to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 

May 27, at nine o'clock, Jl. M. met according to adjournment. Post 
preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of last sederunt be read. 

The affair of uniting the two Philadelphia Presbyteries was again resumed, 
and after some further discourse on the subject, it came to be voted whether 
they should be continued separate or not, and it was carried in the affirma- 
tive. Some members desired liberty to enter their dissent, which was grant- 
ed. Their dissent was brought in, and is as follows: 

It is with very sensible regret and great reluctance, that we, whose names 
are subscribed, declare in so strong a manner, our disapprobation of the Reve- 
rend Synod's determination, with respect to the continuance of the second 
Presbytery of Philadelphia; a step, we confess, ought not to be taken ex- 
cept in matters of very great importance, and where justice, or the edification 
of the church are plainly interested. But such we do not take the present 
case to be, and therefore we do enter our dissent from the aforesaid determi- 
nation: Because, 

1st. It carries in it the obvious appearance of disunion, and seems to indi- 
cate a temper of a schismatical tendency, however it may be suppressed for 
the present. It will also be likely to perpetuate party distinctions in reference 
to candidates licensed by the respective Presbyteries. 

2dly. While it is the sense of the Synod, that it is the duty of Presby- 
teries to inquire into candidates' experimental acquaintance with religion, as 
a Scriptural and rational means of obtaining satisfaction as to their qualifica- 
tion for preaching the gospel, it involves the Synod in a self-contradiction to 
erect a Presbytery who expressly refuses it; and thus, this article of exami- 
nation shall, as to them, be laid aside, which tends to introduce a general ne- 
glect thereof. 

3dly. While nothing is imposed upon persons in point of practice, which 
they in their consciences judge sinful, and they are not restrained from doing 
their duty, the rights of conscience are not violated, though (they being a mi- 
nority,) a matter in judicature shall be carried against them by vote. There- 
fore it is vain to urge the rights of conscience in such cases ; and for any to 
signify that they will not be subject, even in such cases, to the regulations of 
the Synod, but if contradicted will violently break off, is to prefer the private 
rights of individuals to the public rights, and will destroy all governing autho- 
rity in the body. 

4thly. It is a very bad precedent of most mischievous consequence, which 
may be plead by others for the division of Presbyteries, and by that means 
congregations now united may again be divided, and the regular formation of 
new societies prevented or greatly marred. 

William Tennent, Charles McKnight, John Blair, Andrew Bay, William 
Tennent, jun'r. Azel Roe, John Carmichael, Robert Smith, Jacob 
Kerr, David Rose, Nathan Kerr, Simon Horton. 

The committee appointed to prepare a plan of correspondence with foreign 
churches, brought in one which is as follows: 

1. That the committee during the session of Synod bring in a copy of a 
letter or letters to the churches, to be read and approved of by them. 

2. That if there be occasion to write to any of the churches at any other 



356 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

time, three at least of the committee shall prepare and send letters, copies of 
which shall be laid before the Synod at their next meeting. 

3. That letters received by the committee from any of the churches be 
annually laid before the Synod, as well as the answers given to any of them. 

4. That the churches with whom we shall correspond be Holland, Geneva, 
Switzerland, the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland or their com- 
mission, the Synods of seceding ministers, the ministers in and about London, 
the General Synod of Ireland, and ministers of Dublin, New England, and the 
churches in South Carolina. 

The Synod appoint Dr. Alison, Messrs. Richard Treat, Rodgers, Ewing, 
McWhorter, Joseph Treat, Beatty, and V. Livingston, as a committee to cor- 
respond with the foreign churches for the ensuing year, to meet this evening 
at seven o'clock. 

The address of the lay elders and gentlemen, proposed last year to the 
Synod, was resumed, and a committee of Messrs. Blair, Kent, Caldwell, Duf- 
field, and Bay, with elders, Messrs. Scudder, Ogden, Jackson, and Maxwell, 
were appointed to meet to-morrow morning at six o'clock, to prepare some 
overture relative to this affair. 

From last year's minutes some affairs respecting Mr. Brainerd's mission to 
the Indians, with some papers now received from him, were taken under con- 
sideration; and it is ordered, that what monies have been collected last year 
for this mission be put into the hands of Mr. Treat, jun'r. an account of which 
he is desired to give the Synod to-morrow. 

Adjourned to three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

P. M. three o'clock, the Synod met according to adjournment. Post 
preces sederunt qui supra. 

A motion was made by Mr. Beard and Mr. Tate, for a review of last year's 
minute respecting the new modelling of the late New Castle and Done^all 
Presbyteries, which was taken under consideration ; and after hearing some 
reasons offered by these members, 

Adjourned to nine o'clock, to-morrow. Concluded with prayer. 

May 28th, A. M. nine o'clock, the Synod met according to adjournment. 
Post preces, sederunt qui supra. 

Mr. Montgomery and his elder have leave to go home. 

Ordered, The minutes of last sederunt be read. 

Mr. Treat produced to Synod an account of monies he received according 
to an order of yesterday, which is deferred to further consideration. 

The motion of Mr. Beard and Mr. Tate was resumed, and after these mem- 
bers had been fully heard, as also Mr. Smith and Mr. Duffield, these four 
members resigned what they thought was their right to judge in this affair, 
left it to the Synod and voluntarily withdrew. After some discourse on this 
matter, it came to be voted whether the minute of last year on that affair should 
be reversed with this limitation, that the Carlisle Presbytery should be con- 
tinued in their present state: and it was carried in the negative by a great ma- 
jority. 

Adjourned to three o'clock. Concluded with prayer. 

P. 31. Three o'clock, the Synod met according to appointment. Post 

preces, sederunt qui supra. 
Ordered, The minutes of last sederunt be read. 
The disposal of the money in Mr. Treat's hands deferred. 
Mr. Tate's and Mr. Beard's motion resumed, and after some reasonings on 
the subject, and some expedients proposed, it was voted whether Donegall 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 357 

Presbytery as it existed before last Synod, (those members excepted who 
were set off to Carlisle Presbytery,) be erected into a Presbytery under the 
name of Donegall Presbytery or not; it was carried in the negative. 

Another expedient proposed was, whether they be united to the second 
Philadelphia Presbytery for a year, until the matter be further considered; it 
was voted in the negative by a great majority. 

Some members hereupon begged leave to dissent and others to protest 
against these votes and proceedings*, and beg leave to bring in their reasons, 
which was granted. Their reasons are as follow: 

We are obliged, (though with grief,) to enter our dissent from, and declare 
our protest against the conduct and votes of this judicature, in the affairs res- 
pecting the late Donegall Presbytery, for such reasons as these: 

1st. Because our distressed brethren always declared a scruple of con- 
science as the foundation of their petition and behaviour, viz : That they could 
not in conscience submit to the examination of the hearts or experiences of 
candidates in the way voted by the Synod, as they esteemed it contrary to 
the word of God, to common sense, and the uniform practice of the Protestant 
churches: consequently whether well or ill informed, it was a matter which 
could not be voted away. 

2dly. Because it appeared very untender and unbrotherly to deny that these 
members could be conscientious in the affair, when they declared they were 
so; we cannot judge what matters will affect other men's consciences. 

3dly. Because even the smallest matter, if imposed against the rights of 
conscience, obliges the injured to leave the communion. To exclude men 
from exercising the power of ordination, unless they submit to it in a way 
contrary to their judgment is such an imposition. And therefore the schism 
in consequence hereof, is to be attributed to the imposers and not to those who 
are obliged to withdraw. 

4thly. Because by the spirit of the plan of union, Presbyteries were not to 
be joined unless for edification, but this modelling evidently tends to ruin and 
destruction. 

5thly. Because the Synod seem to act too arbitrary a part by forcing mem- 
bers into any Presbytery without their own consent, and the consent of their 
congregations. 

6thly. Because these violent and precipitate votes have rent the Church of 
Christ, (alas too much divided already,) to the joy of our enemies, the grief 
and distress of all sincere Christians, and the reproach of the Christian name; 
when only exchanging a member or two in two Presbyteries, might have pre- 
vented the breach. 

These reasons, together with those entered by two members against a judg- 
ment of the last Synod, respecting the alteration of Presbyteries, prevail with 
us to enter this our protest, whereby we exonerate our consciences in order 
to continue in your communion, and declare before God and the world, that 
we are free from all blame in this whole procedure. 

Matthew Wilson, 
John Ewing, 
Patrick Alison, 
Francis Alison. 

In consequence of the above votes, Mr. Joseph Tate and Mr. John Beard 
brought in a declinature, which is as follows : 
To the Rev. Synod of New York and Philadelphia: 

We, the subscribers, humbly beg leave to show, that though we much 
desire to be in union and friendship with this reverend body, and would not 
knowingly be the real authors of any discord in the church of Christ, yet the 
determinations of the Synod consequent on our petition presented last year, 



35S MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

and again to this present meeting, seem so grievous and oppressive to us, and 
threatening to the credit and interest of religion, that we find ourselves obliged 
to declare to this Rev. Synod, that we cannot submit to them, that we hereby 
decline all authority and jurisdiction of this body, and that no judgment or de- 
termination thereof shall bind us, or affect our persons or ministry until these 
differences of sentiment be removed by better light, and satisfactory means be 
found to reconcile and unite us with this reverend body again. And as we 
earnestly desire and pray for this, we reserve to ourselves, and expect the 
liberty at any time, respectfully to offer such proposals as we may think likely 
to answer that end, and upon our satisfying the Reverend Synod, or they us, 
to return to our enjoyment of our privileges with them. And in the mean 
time we shall endeavour to carry respectfully towards this Reverend Synod, 
avoiding whatever might unnecessarily inflame unchristian passions, or tend 
to hinder the influence of our brethren in their labours in the gospel, and ex- 
pect to be mutually treated by our brethren as ministers of Christ. 

The reasons inducing us to this mournful step are principally such as 
these : 

1. That the determinations mentioned had not the least apparent tendency 
to relieve, but seem rather calculated to increase our grievances, and only to 
suppress our complaints and influence in judicatures together. 

2. We petitioned only for a thing lawful and often precedented in Presbyte- 
rian Synods, and which was wisely requested by the Synod of New York, 
and stipulated for in our plan of union ; and yet we think ourselves hereupon 
treated so untenderly, so arbitrarily, and so contrary to the love and friendship 
that is expected by the distressed, that had the matter denied us even been of 
little importance, yet it seems inconsistent with our duty and safety to own 
and be subject to a jurisdiction so exercised. 

3. We cannot but observe the proceedings of this reverend Synod in this 
as well as in many other affairs, appear plainly calculated to bear down one 
part of this united Synod, and suppress their influence contrary to the equality 
and right of members, and to the nature and whole professed design of our 
union. 

We pray and crave that this our declinature, and these our reasons, be en- 
tered in the records of this Synod, earnestly wishing that the Lord may yet 
rectify all hurtful mistakes and heal all discords among us ; and in the mean 
time, as we cannot enjoy the benefit of the plan of union in peace, and accord- 
ing to the true intent thereof, we declare ourselves to be the Presbytery of 
Donegall, and members of the Synod of Philadelphia, as before the conjunc- 
tion of the two Synods. 

Signed by us, in our own names and in the names of our brethren, 

Joseph Tate, 
John Beard. 

The report of the committee appointed to consider the address of the lay 
elders was brought in and is as follows: 

The Synod taking into their serious consideration several matters suggested 
to them in an address and representation from a number of lay elders and 
others of the Presbyterian denomination, occasionally assembled at Philadel- 
phia, do, after mature deliberation, look upon said affairs to be of much im- 
portance, and deserving the strictest regard as very useful, salutary measures, 
■whereby many pernicious evils may be prevented and various great advanta- 
ges procured; and accordingly order said regulations as now amended to be 
entered in our minutes, and do most earnestly recommend to all congregations 
under our care, the strict observation of the same; and the Synod appoint the 
clerk to transmit, as soon as he conveniently can, a copy of this minute to- 
gether with a copy of said regulations, to the moderator of each Presbytery 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 359 

in our bounds, to be by said Presbyteries communicated to the people under 
their care respectively, and that all proper pains be taken by each Presbytery 
to have said measures put in execution, viz : 

1st. That in every congregation a committee be appointed, who shall twice 
in every year collect the minister's stipend, and lay his receipts before the 
Presbytery preceding the Synod; and at the same time, that ministers give 
an account of their diligence in visiting and catechising their people. 

2d. The Synod recommends that a glebe, with a convenient house and 
necessary improvements, be provided for every minister. 

3d. That the church sessions and committees appointed, take special care 
of their poor and distressed widows and orphans, and administer to them all 
the relief and assistance they can. 

4th. The Synod recommend to the church sessions and committees afore- 
said, that they endeavour by their advice and influence to prevent all unne- 
cessary lawsuits, and if possible to have all differences of a civil nature deci- 
ded by arbitration. 

5th. The Synod enjoin that exact registers of births, baptisms, marriages, 
and burials, be regularly kept in each congregation. 

6th. That special care be taken of the principles and characters of school- 
masters, that they teach the Westminster Catechism and Psalmody; and that 
the ministers, church sessions, and foresaid committees, (where they consist- 
ently can,) visit the schools and see these things be done; and where schools 
are composed of different denominations, that said committees and sessions 
invite proper persons of said denominations, to join with them in such visi- 
tations. 

7th. That as the too great use of spirituous liquors at funerals in some parts 
of the country, is risen to such an height as greatly to endanger the morals of 
many, and is the cause of much scandal, the Synod earnestly enjoin, that the 
several sessions and committees shall take the most effectual methods to cor- 
rect these mischiefs, and discountenance by their example and influence all 
approaches to such practices, and all ostentatious and expensive parades, so 
inconsistent with such mortifying and distressing occasions. 

8th. The Synod recommends, that every congregation endeavour to form 
a society or societies, for the reformation of manners within their respective 
bounds. 

Adjourned to nine o'clock, to-morrow. 

May 29, A. M. nine o'clock. The Synod met according to appointment, 
and post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

The consideration of the disposal of the money in the hands of Mr. Treat 
deferred. 

An overture in consequence of yesterday's votes respecting last Synod's 
modelling Presbyteries, was brought in by Mr. Richard Treat and read: As 
a good expedient for the peace of this body, and the satisfaction of the breth- 
ren complaining, that the late Presbytery of Donegall be restored to their 
former state as before the last Synod, with the members settled within their 
bounds since that time. 

The Synod agreed to this overture, and accordingly we revive and restore 
the late Presbytery of Donegall, and appoint that their first meeting be at Car- 
lisle the fourth Tuesday in June, 1766; and also, that the Presbytery of New 
Castle be restored, with all the members since settled in their former bounds, 
and to meet under that name, according to their last adjournments when under 
the name of Lancaster; and that such candidates as have begun their trials in 
the late Presbytery of Lancaster finish their trials with the Presbytery of New 



360 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

Castle; and the Synod likewise think it proper to take this opportunity to 
declare, that though the dissatisfied brethren inform them, that from their ap- 
prehensions, the acts of the Synod complained of were unconstitutional, and 
that they thought it would be inconsistent to sit as members of their respective 
Presbyteries, the Synod cannot see the consequence, yet as these brethren 
appear to have acted according to their light, they pass no censure upon their 
conduct, but still must express their censure, that they should have acted a 
part so liable to be thought of an hurtful tendency. 

Mr. Millar had leave to go home. 

Adjourned to three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

P. M., three o'clock. The Synod met according to adjournment. Post 
preces sederunt qui supra. 

The committee appointed to examine New York Presbytery book made 
their remarks, and the book is approved. 

Ordered, The minutes of last sederunt be read. 

The consideration of the disposal of the money in the hands of Mr. Treat, 
deferred. 

Ordered, That an attested copy of the minutes relative to the request of 
Messrs. Tate and Beard, be transmitted to them by the hands of Dr. Alison. 

An appeal was brought in by the committee of overtures from a judgment 
of the Suffolk Presbytery, and taken under consideration; and, after hearing 
the appellant and Presbytery, it was ordered that Messrs. Rodgers, Tennent, 
Horton, Jones, McWhorter, Hait, Simon Llorton, and Smith, be a committee 
to meet, with each an elder, at Huntingdon, the first Wednesday in August, 
to try and issue the whole affair; and Mr. Rodgers is appointed to open the 
committee with a sermon. 

Mr. Samuel Blair is now come, and his reasons for not coming sooner, sus- 
tained. 

An overture was made by Dr. Alison, that an address should be made to 
our Sovereign, on the joyful occasion of the repeal of the Stamp Act, and 
thereby a confirmation of our liberties, at the same time proposing the copy 
of such an address to examination; which was read and approved by the 
Synod. 

A call for the settlement of Mr. Kerr among them w r as brought in from 
Steel Creek and New Providence, which was read. 

Also a supplication for supplies from Long Canes, in South Carolina, was 
read and laid on the table. 

Another call also from Sugar Creek and Rocky River, for the Rev. Mr. 
Nathan Kerr, was brought in and read. 

A petition was also read from Bullock Creek, Turkey Creek, and Broad 
River, for further supplies. 

Also a supplication from Little River Settlement, in South Carolina; and 
another from Briar Creek, in Georgia, for supplies, were read. 

Another call for Mr. Kerr in this settlement was presented and read, from 
the united congregation of Centre and Hopewell, in Carolina. 

Adjourned till to-morrow morning, nine o'clock. Concluded with prayer. 

May 30th, nine o'clock. The Synod met according to adjournment. 
Post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, The minutes of last sederunt be read. 

A motion was made that every member of this judicature take subscriptions, 
or make collections as he shall find most expedient, in his congregation, or 
the neighbouring vacancies, to raise a fund for the propagation and support of 
the gospel in such parts as cannot otherwise enjoy it; which, after some dis- 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 351 

course on the subject, was ordered accordingly. The subscriptions, or col- 
lections for which purpose, are to be laid before next Synod, by the modera- 
tor, or clerk of each Presbytery; and the several Presbyteries are hereby or- 
dered to see this determination put into execution. 

The affair of Mr. Brainerd's school resumed. 

The Synod resolve to support the Indian school under Mr. Brainerd's care, 
and for that purpose order such members as have not this last year made col- 
lections, immediately to collect and transmit to the hands of Mr. Joseph 
Treat, or Mr. Ewing, to be paid to Mr. Brainerd; and that the money now in 
Mr. Treat's hands be paid Mr. Brainerd as soon as possible, which sum ap- 
pears to be twenty-one pounds, sixteen shillings, and one penny. 

Ordered, The several calls mentioned last sederunt be presented to Mr. 
Kerr, to be by him considered and answered as soon as possible, which an- 
swers are to be given in to the Presbytery of New York. 

A motion was made that the address to his Majesty be transcribed in two 
fair copies, to be sent different ways, and inclosed in a letter from this Synod 
to Dr. Chandler, constituting him our agent to present our address; the ex- 
penses to be paid by this body. 

A memorial was presented by Mr. C. T. Smith, representing the necessity 
and importance of sending some suitable missionaries to preach at Williams- 
burg; as also a supplication for supplies to be sent to Carolina, and that he 
himself be authorized to itinerate again in those parts. 

Also several members verbally supplicated that supplies be also sent to 
Wilmington and Newbern. 

A motion was made in behalf of the second Philadelphia congregation, to 
furnish them with supplies immediately. 

A motion was also made in favour of Bladensburg, and Upper Marlborough, 
in Maryland, to obtain them supplies. 

Suffolk Presbytery desired leave to ordain two candidates, Mr. Elam Pot- 
ter, and Mr. Isaac Lewes, sine titulo, in order to be sent to the southward 
when they shall think it proper, which was granted. 

The persons to be appointed to the southern mission, deferred. 

Adjourned to three o'clock. Concluded with prayer. 

P. M. three o'clock. The Synod met according to adjournment. Post 
preces, sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, The minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

To comply with the many earnest supplications from North and South Ca- 
rolina, Virginia, and Georgia, the Synod, with their own consent, appoint 
Messrs. Lewes, Caldwell, Chesnutt, and Bay, to go into these parts, as soon 
as possible, and stay as long as they can in preaching the gospel, and admin- 
istering the sacraments in all those vacancies that have supplicated, and in 
others where they may be invited, according to their discretion, and that they 
endeavour to supply at Upper Marlborough, and Bladensburg, as they go and 
return; for this purpose the moderator is appointed to give those members 
proper certificates. 

The Synod gratefully accepts Mr. C. T. Smith's proposal, and authorizes 
him to itinerate through Virginia, the Carolinas, and Georgia, and especially 
to preach in Williamsburg, if his health permits. 

Mr. Brush is appointed to assist Mr. Brainerd in supplying the vacancies 
in his neighbourhood. 

Mr. Kirkpatrick is also appointed to go to Williamsburg, and also Mr. Mil- 
lar, to supply each fourth Sabbath at least, at their own discretion, and the 
respective Presbyteries to supply their pulpits. 

The supplication for supplies from second Philadelphia congregation con- 
31 



352 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

sidered, and the Synod appoints Mr. Roe, the two last Sabbaths of June and 
first of July; Mr. Kerr the third Sabbath of July, and the three Sabbaths fol- 
lowing: Mr. Mills the second and third of September. 

According to a former request of the corporation of the widows' fund, for 
missionaries to be sent to the frontiers of the province, the Synod appoint 
Messrs. Realty and Duffield to go together, the first of August next, and preach 
at least two months in those parts, and do what else is best for the advance- 
ment of religion, according to the instructions of the corporation, as recorded 
in the minutes of A. D. 1763; and that Mr. Dufrield's pulpit be supplied by 
Donegall Presbytery ; and Mr. Beatty's be supplied by Mr. Brush, two Sab- 
baths, and by New Castle Presbytery, three Sabbaths; and the first Philadel- 
phia Presbytery supply the other Sabbaths. 

A pastoral letter was proposed, examined, and approved, and ordered to be 
printed immediately, and to be dispersed among all our societies, which is 
as follows : 

" Dearly Beloved: — We think it our indispensable duty, not only in our par- 
ticular charges, but in this united and more public capacity, to direct you to 
some suitable reflections upon the late remarkable and merciful steps of Divine 
Providence, and to inculcate a becoming improvement of an event, the most 
interesting and important to the people of this continent. For not only in the 
word of God should we attend to his Divine will, but also mark his hand in 
that Providence by which he directs the course of human affairs with invaria- 
ble wisdom and paternal goodness. 

" The faithless French, and their savage allies, were lately the rod of Divine 
displeasure for our many provocations. Under the calamities of war, and the 
wasting ravages of Indian cruelty, we were repeatedly brought to approach 
the throne of grace, with solemn fasting and prayer; and thereby openly pro- 
fessed our resolution to forsake the ways of sin. and turn unto the Lord. But, 
alas ! we rendered not to God according to the multitude of his tender mercies: 
for no sooner was the rod removed, and the blessings of peace restored, but 
we became more vain and dissolute than before. 

"The Almighty thus provoked, permitted counsels of the most pernicious 
tendency, both to Great Britain and her colonies. The imposition of unusual 
taxes, a severe restriction of our trade, and an almost total stagnation of busi- 
ness, threatened us with inevitable ruin. A long suspense, whether we should 
be deprived of, or restored to, the peaceable enjoyment of the inestimable pri- 
vilege of English liberty, filled every breast with the most painful anxiety. 
A gloomy cloud thickened over our heads, ready to burst upon us in a deso- 
lating storm. Had our gracious Sovereign, the present ministry, and the 
British Parliament been less wise, just, and good; had they, instead of yield- 
ing to a spirit of moderation, unhappily recurred to force, we shudder at the 
very thoughts of the consequences. We cannot look down the precipice on 
the brink of which we stood, without horror. We were not without reason 
apprehensive that the tumultuous outrages, which in some places attended a 
determined opposition to the disrelished statute, might provoke the resent- 
ment of the British legislature. 

" When we reflect on the public offences of our land against heaven; when 
we think of the open disregard and violation of the holy Sabbath: the neglect 
of the ordinances of Divine worship, the abuse of gospel light and privileges, 
the profane swearing and cursing, intemperance and luxury, the various scenes 
of uncleanness and lasciviousness, the pride and vanity, and every other evil 
so shamefully prevalent, what less could we expect than that an offended God 
would have made the gathering tempest to break upon us, and plunged us and 
our mother country in all the rueful calamities of a civil war? But how 
astonishing is the long-suffering patience of Jehovah ! He has inclined the 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 363 

hearts of many powerful friends to espouse our cause. He has given us to 
experience the paternal tenderness of the best of kings, and the moderation of 
the British Parliament. Our gracious God is our deliverer. He is making a 
further trial of us. May his unmerited goodness lead us to repentance. 

" We, therefore, call upon you, who are the dear people of our charge, not 
only to acknowledge with joy and gratitude the general Providence of God, 
but also thankfully to adore that particular Providence, wherein, upon special 
occasions, he directs and controls the course of events by his immediate in- 
fluence, and whereby he hath on the late interesting occasion, so signally ap- 
peared for our protection. We call upon you constantly to reverence that 
All-wise and Omnipotent Director and Disposer of events on whom we de- 
pend for every mercy we enjoy, to be thankful to him for every instance of 
prosperity, patient under every affliction, submissive to his wise disposals, and 
obedient to all his holy precepts; to awake to repentance, to consider your 
ways, and to turn unto the Lord, through his Son Jesus Christ. Let every 
one beware of adding to the common stock of guilt and iniquity. We beseech 
and obtest you to be strict in observing the laws and ordinances of Jesus 
Christ, to pay a sacred regard to his Sabbath, to reverence his holy name, 
and adorn the doctrine of God our Saviour by good works. We pray you to 
seek earnestly the saving knowledge of Christ, and the internal power and 
spirit of religion. Thus may you hope for the continued kindness of a gra- 
cious Providence, and this is the way to express your gratitude to the Father 
of mercies for your late glorious deliverance. But persisting to grieve the 
Holy Spirit, by a neglect of vital religion, and a continuance in sin, you will 
have reason to dread that an holy God will punish you yet seven times more 
for your iniquities. 

" While we thus call upon you to fear God, you will not forget to honour 
your king, and pay a due submission to his august parliament. Let this fresh 
instance of royal clemency increase the ardour of your affection to the person, 
family, and government, of our rightful and gracious sovereign. This you will 
manifest by a cheerful and ready obedience to civil authority. A spirit of 
liberty is highly laudable when under proper regulations, but we hope you 
will carefully distinguish between liberty and licentiousness. 

** We most earnestly recommend it to you to encourage and strengthen the 
hands of government, to demonstrate on every proper occasion your undis- 
sembled love for your mother country, and your attachment to her true in- 
terest, so inseparably connected with our own. 

" That thus you may become wise and good, as well as free and happy, and 
that while you enjoy liberty, civil and religious, you may not be the servants 
of sin and Satan, is the fervent prayer of those who watch for your souls, as 
men who must give an account. 

" Signed by order, Elihu Spencer, moderator. 

•« Presbyterian Church, at New York, May 30th, 1766." 

A memorial presented by sundry members recommending to every minister 
and congregation to erect societies for the reformation of manners and suppres- 
sion of vice, was brought in and read; and after some deliberation, the Synod 
judge it highly expedient and earnestly recommend it to all our members, 
duly to attend to the memorial, (which we highly approve,) to explain the 
necessity of such an affair to all their congregations, and use their utmost in- 
fluence to erect societies, according to the important design of the memori- 
alists. 

An overture was brought in to endeavour to obtain some correspondence 
between this Synod and the consociated churches in Connecticut. A copy of 
a letter from this Synod to them was also read and approved, and the Rev. 
Messrs. John Ewing, Patrick Alison, and the moderator, are desired to pre- 



364 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

sent this letter and confer with our brethren on this affair. And in case it 
shall seem meet to our reverend brethren, to attend to this our proposal, so far 
as to appoint commissioners from their body to meet with commissioners from 
ours; we appoint the Rev. Dr. Alison, and the Rev. Messrs. Timothy Jones, 
William Tennent, John Rodgers, Elisha Kent, John Smith, John Blair, and 
Samuel Buel, to meet with them at such time and place as the reverend bre- 
thren of Connecticut shall agree. 

Mr. Rodgers is appointed to give the committee notice of what the associ- 
ated brethren will do relating to this affair. 

The Synod appoint the Rev. Messrs. Ramsey, Hunter, Kirkpatrick, and 
Latta, to be a committee to meet with the corporation of the widows' fund. 

For want of time fully to discuss the report of the committee appointed to 
consider the address of the lay elders, it is deferred till next Synod. 

The Synod adjourned to the second Presbyterian church in Philadelphia, 
to meet on the third Wednesday of May next, at ten o'clock, A. M. 

Concluded with prayer. 



Philadelphia, May the 20th, 1767. 

The Synod of New York and Philadelphia met at the second Presbyterian 
church according to adjournment. Ubi post preces sederunt, 

Ministers: Messrs. Azariah Horton, John Rodgers, Benjamin Hait, Ben- 
jamin Woodroff, Alexander McWhorter, James Caldwell. William Mills, 
Israel Reed, William Kirkpatrick, Enoch Green, Richard Treat, Andrew 
Hunter, Charles Beatty, William Ramsey, Benjamin Chesnutt, John Clark, 
John Ewing, Patrick Alison, John Blair, Elihu Spencer, Robert Smith, John 
Miller, Matthew Wilson, Joseph Montgomery, Alexander Huston, Andrew 
Bay, George Duffield, Alexander McDowell, James Finley, William Mc- 
Kennan, James Hunt, Aaron Richards, Thomas Lewis, Francis Peppard, , 
Azel Roe, John Hanna, John Rosborough, John Slemons, Robert Cooper, John 
Simonton, James Latta, John Roan. — 42. 

Elders: Messrs. Thomas Jackson, Nathaniel Camp, Thomas Bourne, John 
Reeves, Lazarus Pine, John Walker, Dr. Hugh Williamson, John Smith, 
James Gilliland, William Hamilton, Mills Shankland, John Maxwell of Ma- 
ryland, James Jack, John Maxwell of New Jersey, Francis Campbell, Ben- 
jamin Junkin, John Greer, Richard Walker. — 18. 

Ministers Absent: Messrs. John Pierson, Timothy Jones, Joseph Treat, 
John Elmore, Abner Brush, Abner Reeve, Simon Horton, Jacob Green, John 
Darbe, Moses Tuttle, John Moffat, Samuel Parkhurst. Nathan Kerr, John 
Maltby, Hugh Knox, Ebenezer Prime, Sylvanus White, James White, 
James Brown, Nehemiah Barker, Benjamin Talmage, Benjamin Goldsmith, 
David Rose, Sampson Occum, Adam Boyd, John Carmichael, Charles Ten- 
nent, William Tennent, James McCrea^ John Guild, Charles McKnight, 
Samuel Kennedy, Thomas Smith, Amos Thompson, James Lyon, Job Prud- 
den. The whole Presbytery of Dutchess county absent; and the whole Pres- 
bytery of Hanover also; of Donegall the Rev. Mr. John Hogg. — 37. 

Last year's moderator opened the Synod by a sermon from Rev. ii. 10. 

Mr. Hunter is chosen moderator for the ensuing year, who. after receiving 
the usual charge from the last year's moderator, took the chair; and Messrs. 
Kirkpatrick and Ramsey were chosen clerks. 

The reasons of the absence of the Rev. Messrs. Alexander McDowell, 
James Finley, William McKennan, James Hunt, John Roan. Aaron Rich- 
ards, Francis Peppard, John Hanna, John Rosborough, and John Slemons. 
from our last Synod, sustained. 

Theophilus Alexander. Mr. Finlev's elder is now come. 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 355 

New York Presbytery report, that they have ordained Mr. Jedidiah Chap- 
man to the work of the ministry since our last, who being present took his 
seat; and also that they have licensed Mr. James Tuttle. 

Suffolk Presbytery report, that they have ordained Mr. Elam Potter and 
Mr. John Close, who being present took their seats ; also, that Mr. Thomas 
Pain is removed by death since our last. 

Bethuel Pierson, Mr. Chapman's elder, is now come. 

New Brunswick Presbytery report, that Dr. Finley was removed by death 
on the seventeenth of July last; and that thev have licensed Mr. Alexander 
Mitchell. 

The second Presbytery of Philadelphia report, that the Rev. Mr. Robert 
Cross was removed by death in the month of August last. 

New Castle Presbytery report, that they have licensed Messrs. John 
McCrery, James Boyd, John Craighead, Joseph Alexander, and William 
Forster. That Mr. Samuel Blair was dismissed from their body, and has 
removed to Boston since our last. That Mr. Alexander Hutchinson was re- 
moved by death in the month of October, 1766. 

The Synod appoints for a committee of overtuies, the Rev. Messrs. Lewis, 
Hait, Reed, Beatty, Simonton, McKennan, Roan, and Miller; and elders, 
Messrs. Thomas Jackson, Thomas Bourne, John Maxwell of Maryland, and 
Richard Walker, to meet to-morrow morning at six o'clock, and by adjourn- 
ments from time to time, as occasion may require, during the present session. 

New York Presbytery further report, that they have taken Mr. Thomas 
Jackson, a licensed candidate from Scotland, under their care. 

Mr. Montgomery and Mr. Duffield, are appointed a committee to examine 
New Brunswick Presbytery book. 

Mr. Robert Smith and Mr. Azariah Horton, are appointed a committee to 
examine Philadelphia first Presbytery book. ■ 

Mr. Caldwell and Mr. Ramsey, are appointed a committee to examine Phi- 
ladelphia second Presbytery book. 

Mr. Rodgers and Mr. Mills are appointed a committee to examine Donegall 
Presbytery book. 

Adjourned to nine o'clock to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 

21s^ day, nine o'clock, A. M. the Synod met according to adjournment. 
Post preces, sederunt qui supra. 

Dr. Alison, and Messrs. Nehemiah Greenman, John Strain, and John 
Griffith, are now come, and the reasons of their coming no sooner, sustained; 
and their respective elders, John Johnson, Joseph Vanmeter, Hugh White- 
ford, and Able Griffiths, are also come. Messrs. Samuel Buel and Jacob 
Kerr, are also come, and the reasons of their coming no sooner, sustained. 

Ordered, That the minutes of last sederunt be read. 

Ordered, to proceed in reading the minutes of last Synod. 

The committe appointed for the disposing of the interest of the fund in the 
hands of the treasurer of the college of New Jersey, for the education of pious 
youth, report, that they disposed of the whole of the interest due from said 
fund on the first of October last. 

And the Synod appoint as a committee for disposing of said money for the 
present year, Messrs. William Tennent, Guild, Brainerd, Kirkpatrick, Ewing, 
Beatty, Caldwell, and Reed, to meet for that purpose at Princeton on the third 
Wednesday of August next, and that Mr. Kirkpatrick lay the minutes of the 
proceedings of the several committees appointed on that business, before us at 
our meeting next spring. 

The Synod appoint for a commission for the ensuing year, the Rev. Messrs. 
Richard Treat, Dr. Alison, Buel, Azariah Horton, Jones, William Tennent, 
31* 



366 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

Reed, Kirkpatriek, Beatty, Ewing, Spencer, Blair, Roan, Robert Smith, Mil- 
ler, and Montgomery, with the moderator; and elders, Messrs. Thomas Jack- 
son, Richard Walker, Dr. Williamson, and John Smith, thirteen of whom to 
be a quorum; but if the moderator die or be absent, the first on the roll men- 
tioned in the minute, shall have power to call the commission and preside. 

The order of last Synod for transcribing the minutes of Synod since the 
union, and sending them to the respective Presbyteries, was not complied 
with, on account of some difficulties that came in the way. And the Synod 
now order, that the stated clerk give copies of the said minutes to such Pres- 
byteries as shall make application for them, and recommend it to the several 
Presbyteries, each to take care to furnish themselves with said copies. 

Ordered, That Mr. Brainerd receive for the current year, the interest of the 
fund for Indian affairs, in the hands of the treasurer of New Jersey college. 

The affair of Mr. Rowan's appeal deferred. 

The first Presbytery of Philadelphia report, that they have deposed Mr. 
John Murray since our last. 

Adjourned to three o'clock. P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

21 day, three o'clock, P. M. The Synod met according to adjournment. 
Post preces, sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of last sederunt be read. 

Ordered, To proceed in reading the minutes of last Synod. 

The members of Donegal' Presbytery here present, report, that they com- 
plied with the order of Synod, for restoring that Presbytery into its former 
state, but that the dissatisfied brethren, viz. Messrs. Steel, Tate, Thompson, 
Sampson Smith, McMurdie, Elder, and Beard, refused to meet with them, 
though duly notified ; and that they have been informed, that said dissatisfied 
brethren have proceeded to form themselves into a separate body, and have 
acted in a Presbyterial capacity every since. 

A letter was brought into the Synod, directed to the moderator, signed by 
the Rev. Messrs. John Elder, and John Steel, as moderator and clerk of a 
Presbytery which they call the Presbytery of Donegall, representing that they 
had been forced by sundry petitions to apply to Synod to be erected into two 
Presbyteries, which petitions not having had desired success, they were laid 
under the disagreeable necessity of entering a declinature from the jurisdiction 
of the Synod ; and declaring withal their readiness to return into communion 
with the Synod, provided they might be erected by them into a separate Pres- 
bytery; which letter was read, and ordered to lie on the table for a second 
reading. From all which the Synod observe that the brethren of Donegall 
Presbytery, who petitioned for being erected into a separate Presbytery, in 
the year 1765, adopt the declinature entered last year, by Messrs. Beard and 
Tate, and consequently must not now be considered as members of this body. 

The committee appointed to meet at Huntingdon report, that they complied 
with the order of Synod, and issued the affair to the satisfaction of the parties 
concerned. 

Dr. Williamson informs the Synod that the address to his Majesty was 
presented by Mr. Deberdt, and graciously received. And the Synod desire 
Dr. Williamson to present their thanks to Mr. De Berdt for his kind services 
in that affair. 

The Synod also order the moderator to give Dr. Williamson their dianks 
for his services in the care of the same address. 

Ordered, That each Presbytery bring in to-morrow morning an account 
how their several members have complied with the order of last Synod for 
taking subscriptions, and making collections in their respective congregations. 
and the vacancies in their bounds, to raise a fund for the propagation and sup- 
port of the gospel in such places as cannot otherwise enjoy it. 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 367 

Ordered, That Messrs. Ewing and Treat be called upon to give an account 
of the monies they have received in consequence of an order of last Synod for 
congregations that had not collected the year before, to make collections for 
the support of the Indian school under Mr. Brainerd's care. 

New York Presbytery report, that Mr. Nathan Kerr gave a negative an- 
swer to the calls from Carolina, put into his hands by order of Synod. 

Messrs. Lewis and Caldwell complied with the order of Synod in going to 
the southward; and Messrs. Bay and Chesnutt gave reasons for not going, 
which were sustained. 

Adjourned to nine o'clock, to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 

22d day, nine o'clock, A. M. The Synod met according to adjournment, 
Ubi post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of last sederunt be read. 

Mr. Samuel Kennedy is now come, and he is ordered to give at next sede- 
runt, the reasons of his absence from our Synodical meetings since the year 
1762. His elder, John Carl, is also come. 

The letter signed by Messrs. Elder and Steel, was ordered to be read a 
second time, and the Synod agree to enter upon the consideration of it; and 
after much time spent in reasoning on the subject, the Synod find they can- 
not admit said brethren in the manner they have requested; but, as we would 
gladly take every step we can, consistent with a good conscience and the in- 
terests of religion, to remove the uneasiness of our brethren, and promote har- 
mony and peace; we appoint Messrs. Buel, Rodgers, Horton, Kirkpatrick, 
Beatty, Ewing, Blair, and Millar, a committee to bring in an overture to-mor- 
row morning relative to the aforesaid petition. 

Adjourned to three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

Three o'clock, P. M. The Synod met according to adjournment, Ubi 

post preces sederunt qui supra. 
Mr. Eliphalet Ball is now come, and the reasons of not coming sooner sus- 
tained. Also, William Norcross, Mr. Kirkpatrick's elder, is now come. 
Ordered, That the minutes of last sederunt be read. 

Mr. Kennedy gave the reasons of his absence from Synod for five years 
past, which were sustained. 

Ordered, To proceed in reading the minutes of yesterday afternoon. 
In consequence of an order of yesterday, each Presbytery brought in an ac- 
count how their respective members complied with the order of last Synod 
for making a collection to establish a fund for the propagation of the gospel 
among the poor, &c. 

And the Synod are obliged to declare that it is matter of real grief to them 
to find that so many of their members have paid so little regard to the autho- 
rity of Synod, enjoining a liberality for so pious and important a purpose. 

The account of monies collected for the purpose aforesaid, and the persons 
by whom, is as follows: 

Of Suffolk Presbytery. 
Mr. White, - - York currency, 

Mr. Rose, - 

Mr. Brown, - 

Mr. Barker, - q 

Mr. Close, - 
Mr. Mills, . . - 

Total, 

Equal to Pennsylvania currency, 



£1 10 





1 9 





5 





1 10 





5 





4 2 





18 11 





17 12 


n 



368 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

Of New York Presbytery. 

Mr. Rodgers, - - - - £±2 9 2 Yk. currency. 

Mr. Richards, - - - - 1 6 2| 

Mr. Peppard, - - - 10 



44 15 4i 



Equal to - £41 4 2 Pennsyl. cur. 
Of New Brunswick Presbytery. 

Mr. Reed, - - - ■ II 10 

Mr. Hanna, - - - 1 

Mr. Kirkpatrick, - - - 2 17 1 

Mr. Rosborough, - - - 1 



£6 7 1 Proc. 

Of Philadelphia First Presbytery. 

Mr. Hunter, - - - -* £3 7 10 

Mr. Beatty, - - - - 3 17 5 

Mr. Richard Treat, - - - 2 10 9 

Mr. Ramsey, - - - - 3 4 

Mr. Clark, - - - - 1 16 6 

Philadelphia Second Congregation, - 13 11 111 



Total, - £28 8 5| 

Of Philadelphia Second Presbytery. 

Mr. Ewing, - - - £\2 

Of New Castle Presbytery. 

Mr. Blair, - - - - " £0 16 7 

Mr. McCarman, - - - 1 12 4 



£2 8 11 
Of Donegall Presbytery. 

Mr. Robert Smith, - - - £2 10 

Of Lewestown Presbytery. 

Mr. Montgomery, - - - £\ 

An unknown hand, - - - 10 



Amounting in the whole to, - Proc. H12 1 3 

The account of monies received by Messrs. Ewing and Joseph Treat, de- 
ferred till next sederunt. 

Mr. Richard Treat reports, that he paid into the hands of Mr. Brainerd the 
sum of twenty-one pounds, sixteen shillings and one pence, which appears to 
be the sum put into the hands of Mr. Treat, jun'r. last year, for the support 
of the Indian school under Mr. Brainerd's care. 

Adjourned to nine o'clock to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 

23d day, nine o'clock, A. M. The Synod met according to adjournment. 

Ubi post preces sederunt qui supra, 
Mr. William Tennent is now come, and the reasons of not coming sooner 
sustained. 

Mr. Elias Bailey, Mr. Mills's elder, is also come. 

Ordered, That the minutes of last sederunt be read. 

Ordered, That Mr. Ewing pay to Mr. Brainerd the sum of two pounds 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 269 

eighteen shillings, which he reports is the whole he has received for the In- 
dian school ; and it is also ordered, that Mr. Joseph Treat pay to Mr. Brain- 
erd the whole of the money he has in his hands at the disposal of the Synod. 

The committee appointed to bring in an overture this morning, relative to 
the petition of Messrs. Elder, Steel, &c. report, that they have not had time 
to complete it, and pray that they may have till next Monday morning for that 
purpose. 

The affair of Mr. Brainerd's school deferred. 

The Synod order, that every Presbytery belonging to this body, be careful 
that those ministers in their bounds, who have not made a collection for pious 
uses, as it was appointed last year, make a collection before the first of Au- 
gust; and that it be put into the hands of the moderator of the respective Pres- 
byteries, and sent without delay to the treasurer appointed by the Synod. 
But we desire that such ministers, whose reasons for not complying with the 
Synodical order, have been sustained, be urged no further at this time. 

Thomas Tobin, Mr. Spencer's elder, is now come. 

An overture from the Presbytery of New York, relative to collections and 
subscriptions for pious purposes, was brought in and read. The Synod ap- 
point Dr. Alison, and Messrs. Dufheld and Williamson, to correct the over- 
ture, and prepare an introduction to said plan, to be submitted to the Synod at 
their next sederunt. 

Mr. Brush did not fulfil his appointments, either to the vacancies in the 
neighbourhood of Mr. Brainerd's congregation, or to Neshaminy, but not 
being present the Synod could not inquire into the reasons of it. 

Messrs. Miller's and Kirkpatrick's reasons for not going to Virginia, sus- 
tained. 

The appointments of last Synod, for supplies to the second Presbyterian 
church in Philadelphia, fulfilled. 

Messrs. Beatty and Duffield complied with the order of last Synod, in going 
on a mission to the frontiers. 

Adjourned to nine o'clock, A. M. on Monday next. 

Concluded with prayer. 

25th day, nine o'clock, Jl. M. the Synod met according to adjournment, 
Ubi post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Mr. Chancey Graham is now come, and the reasons of not coming sooner, 
sustained. 

Ordered, That the minutes of last sederunt be read. 

The committee appointed to bring in an overture, relative to the letter sent 
from Messrs. Elder and Steel, have not yet brought it in. 

The affair of Mr. Brainerd's school further deferred. 

The committee appointed to correct the overture from New York Presby- 
tery, relative to a collection for pious purposes, and to prepare an introduction 
to the same, brought it in, which being read and approved, is as follows, viz: 

The Synod laying to heart the unhappy lot of many people in various parts 
of our land, who at present are brought up in ignorance, and that they and 
their families are perishing for lack of knowledge, who, on account of their 
poverty or scattered habitations, are unable without some assistance to support 
the gospel ministry among them ; considering also, that it is their duty to send 
missionaries to the frontier settlements, who may preach to the dispersed 
families there, and form them into societies for the public worship of God, 
and being moved with compassion toward the Indians, especially those under 
our care, who are extremely poor and unable to teach their children to read, 
or to instruct them in the knowledge of the Holy Scriptures, have resolved to 
attempt their relief, and to instruct such as may be willing to hear the gospeh 



370 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

But as such purposes must be carried on at a considerable expense, we, in 
imitation of the laudable example of many other societies, recommend a pub- 
lic collection to all the congregations under our care : and that such collection 
may the more effectually answer the above design, with such other pious 
uses as frequently occur, they have agreed on the following regulations : 

1. That an annual collection be made in all the congregations under our 
care, as well in the vacant congregations, which the Presbytery may judge 
able to contribute, as in the congregations that have stated ministers, which 
shall be disposed of for pious uses at the discretion of the Synod. 

2. That each Presbytery under our care appoint a treasurer, who is to re- 
ceive the money collected from the minister or elder of each congregation 
within the bounds of said Presbytery, and who shall keep a fair account how 
much he receives from each congregation by name, with an account of such 
congregations as have neglected to contribute. 

3. That there be a general treasurer appointed by the Synod, who shall 
receive the collected money from each of the Presbyterial treasurers, which 
Synodical treasurer shall also take a fair account of all the money received 
with the names of the several congregations, as returned him by the Presby- 
terial treasurers. 

4. That the Synod every year during their session, cause to be printed a 
fair account of the money they have received that year from each congrega- 
tion, also of the disbursements of the money received the foregoing year, with 
an account of the purposes to which it was applied; and that each minister in 
the Synod get one of said printed accounts to communicate to his people and 
to the neighbouring vacant congregations, that so they may have the satisfac- 
tion of knowing to what purposes their donations were applied. 

Ordered, That Dr. Williamson take care to get the above regulations 
printed. 

Mr. Richard Treat is appointed general treasurer, to receive the aforesaid 
benefactions for the present year. 

The order of last Synod respecting societies for the reformation of man- 
ners, was not generally complied with, which was occasioned by their not 
having copies of the order or plan. The further consideration of this de- 
ferred. 

Also the consideration of the correspondence proposed with the associate 
churches in Connecticut, is deferred. 

The committee appointed to meet with the corporation of the widows' 
fund, did not attend except Mr. Kirkpatrick. Their reasons for not attending 
were sustained. The appointment of another committee, and the further con- 
sideration of this matter deferred. 

The committee appointed to consider the address of the lay elders and 
others, brought in their report last year, the further consideration of which 
was then deferred to the present sessions; but through mistake was tran- 
scribed in the minutes of last year. The Synod entered upon the considera- 
tion of the overture they brought in and have adopted it, as it stands in our 
book. 

Adjourned to three o'clock, P. If. Concluded with prayer. 

2bth day, three o'clock, P. Mi. The Synod met according to adjourn- 
ment. Ubi post preces sederunt qui supra. 
Mr. Brainerd is now come, and the reasons of not coming sooner sus- 
tained. 

Ordered, That the minutes of last sederunt be read. 

The overture respecting the Donegall brethren, not yet brought in. 

The affair of Mr. Brainerd's school came to be considered, and the Sv 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 371 

agree to allow Mr. Brainerd the sum of thirty pounds per year, for the last 
three years, for defraying the expenses of the Indian school, which sum he 
acknowledges he has already in his hands. 

And it is further agreed, to allow Mr. Brainerd the sum of thirty pounds for 
the support of the Indian school for the current year, and the sum of twenty 
pounds, as an addition to his salary for his extraordinary services in forming 
societies, and labouring among the white people in that large and uncultivated 
country. 

The affair of forming societies for the reformation of manners, came under 
consideration, and a member brought in a plan for the purpose, which the Sy- 
nod recommend to the several members to obtain copies of, and to adapt to 
their particular circumstances, and that the several Presbyteries use their ut- 
most influence to promote such societies in their respective bounds. 

The consideration of the correspondence with the associate churches of 
Connecticut, further deferred. 

Ordered, That Messrs. Montgomery, Ramsey, Latta, and Kirkpatrick, be 
a committee to inspect into some papers in the hand of Mr. Beatty, relative 
to the corporation for the widows' fund; that Mr. Beatty attend with them, 
and that they bring in their report to-morrow afternoon. 

The committee appointed to examine New Brunswick Presbytery book, 
brought it in, and after some remarks it was approved. 

The committee appointed to examine Philadelphia second Presbytery book, 
brought it in, and after some remarks it was also approved. 

Adjourned to nine o'clock to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 

26th day, nine o'clock, A, M. The Synod met according to adjourn- 
ment. Ubi post preces sederunt qui supra, 

(Except the Rev. Mr. John Griffith and John Smith; Mills Shankland, 
and Benjamin Junkin, elders, who are absent without leave, and we are in- 
formed are gone home.) 

The committee appointed to bring in an overture relative to the dissatisfied 
Donegall brethren, brought it in, the substance of which is as follows, viz. 

That the Synod declare themselves highly offended at these brethren, for 
not only abiding by their declinature, but acting in a hostile manner since, in 
alienating the minds of people under their influence, from the Synod, and so 
forming and prosecuting a schism. That, though the Synod declare they 
might justly refuse their admission to membership until they acknowledge 
their offence, and submit to censure, yet out of tenderness to the societies in 
those parts, and to put an end to this schism, it is humbly overtured, that the 
Synod consent that Messrs. Steel, Elder, Tate, McMordie, Sampson Smith, 
and Beard, be a Presbytery, by the name of the Presbytery of Donegall, 
bounded on the west by the river Susquehannah, including Mr. Steel's con- 
gregation while he is their minister: provided, nevertheless, that when any 
of these brethren shall remove out of the bounds of said Presbytery* they 
shall become members of the Presbytery into whose bounds they shall re- 
move. And that the Presbytery of Carlisle shall be revived, to which Messrs. 
Roan, Thompson, and Lang, shall belong. 

And after much reasoning, whether the Synod should adopt the overture or 
not, the further consideration of it was deferred to the afternoon. 

Adjourned to three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

Three o'clock, P. M. The Synod met according to adjournment, Post 

preces sederunt qui supra. 
Mr. Huston had leave to go home. 
Ordered, That the minutes of last sederunt be read. 



372 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

The consideration of the overture respecting the dissatisfied Donegall breth- 
ren, resumed, and after all the members that desired to speak, had been 
fully heard, and the matter maturely considered, it was put to vote, whether 
the overture should be admitted or not, and it was carried in the negative by 
a considerable majority. 

In the mean time, though the Synod cannot grant the request of said 
brethren, to be formed into a distinct Presbytery, yet we declare, that upon 
their avoiding divisive and hostile measures, and acting in a peaceable and 
Christian manner, we shall stand ready to hear any reasonable proposal for 
their returning into membership with us. 

The committee appointed to inspect some papers in the hands of the corpo- 
ration for the widows' fund, brought in their report which is as follows, viz: 

That agreeable to an act of the General Assembly of the Church of Scot- 
land, passed in the year , the money raised by collections in the several 

congregations of that church, shall be disposed of by the charitable corpora- 
tion in conjunction with a committee of the united Synod of New York and 
Philadelphia, for the support and relief of such ministers as are, or may here- 
after be called to preach the everlasting gospel among the benighted Indians, 
or to such congregations as cannot afford them sufficient maintenance, and 
that the committee cannot ascertain the sum. 

The Synod appoint the same committee, with the addition of Messrs. 
Spencer and McWhorter, to wait on the corporation aforesaid, to-morrow 
morning at nine o'clock, in order to have the aforesaid sum ascertained, and 
the power of the committee in disposing of it, and all other matters relating 
to it. 

Adjourned to nine o'clock, to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 

27 th day, nine o'clock, A. M., the Synod met according to adjournment. 
Post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of last sederunt be read. 

Ordered, To proceed in reading the remaining part of the minutes of Mon- 
day afternoon. 

The consideration of the correspondence with the associate churches of 
Connecticut further deferred. 

Having gone through the business upon our minutes, ordered, to proceed 
to consider those matters brought in by the committee of overtures. 

A supplication was brought in from Albany, respecting some difficulties in 
the congregation in that city, which was read; and upon finding that the mat- 
ter had not been laid before the Presbytery, we refer it to them, and order 
them to meet and consider it as soon as possible. 

But as it is represented to the Synod, that there are many vacancies in the 
neighbourhood of Albany, where, it is probable, sundry important congrega- 
tions may be formed, we do appoint the Rev. Mr. Kennedv as a missionary 
through those parts, and that he take as particular account as he can of the 
state of that country, and lay it before our next Synod ; and that he supply 
also some time at the direction of Dutchess Presbyterv, if it may be conve- 
nient, and that New Y r ork Presbytery supply Mr. Kennedy's pulpit seven 
Sabbaths in his absence. 

An appeal was brought in by Mr. John Lawrence, from a judgment of the 
Presbytery of Dutchess respecting Mr. Ball, and the said Mr. Lawrence re- 
quested that the Synod would appoint a committee to meet at Bedford to hear 
his appeal, as he could not prosecute it at this distance. 

In order that the Synod might be able to judge whether the matter com- 
plained of to the Presbytery, from which the appeal was brought, is an object 
of sufficient importance to induce the Synod to send a committee there, agree- 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 373 

ably to the prayer of the appellant, it was agreed that Mr. Lawrence should 
lay before the Synod his complaint, and that Mr. Ball should be heard in what 
he had to say by way of defence ; and that the Presbytery of Dutchess should 
give all the light they could in the affair, by producing the minutes of their 
Presbytery on that head, &c. 

And after hearing all that the several parties had to offer, the Synod judge, 
that it is by no means worthy of so much notice as to appoint a committee to 
go there to determine it; because if there were evidences present to prove all 
the matters alleged against Mr. Ball by Mr. Lawrence, yet they are of so 
trivial a nature, that they could not be the foundation of any judicial censure, 
and consequently that the conduct of Mr. Lawrence and others in the society, 
in absenting themselves from public worship, on so slender a foundation,* can 
by no means be justified. 

Adjourned to three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

Three o'clock, P. M., the Synod met according to adjournment. Post 
preces sederunt qui supra, 

(Except Mr. Slemmons, who we are informed has gone home, though 
liberty for that purpose was denied him when he asked it.) 

Ordered, That the minutes of last sederunt be read. 

The consideration of the correspondence with the associate churches of 
Connecticut further deferred. 

An appeal from a judgment of the Presbytery of Suffolk, respecting Mr. 
Mills's removal from Jamaica on Long Island to the second Presbyterian 
church in Philadelphia, was brought in and read. 

After reading of which, a supplication from the second Presbyterian church 
in Philadelphia prosecuting the appeal, and urging Mr. Mills's removal; like- 
wise a long remonstrance from the congregation of Jamaica, together with an 
address from the Presbytery of Suffolk, and a letter from the Rev. Mr. Prime, 
remonstrating against Mr. Mills's removal, were brought in and read. 

The Synod then proceeded fully to hear what the respective commission- 
ers and the Presbytery of Suffolk had further to say, for and against Mr. 
Mills's removal, and having heard Mr. Mills himself on the affair, the Sy- 
nod not having time now to issue it, refer the further consideration of it till 
to-morrow morning. 

Adjourned to nine o'clock, A. M. Concluded with prayer. 

28th day, nine o'clock, Jl. M., the Synod met according to adjournment. 
Post preces, sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered that the minutes of last sederunt be read. 

The consideration of Mr. Mills's removal resumed. The Synod having 
carefully considered all the arguments that were offered against Mr. Mills's 
removal from Jamaica, together with the arguments on the other hand, for 
bringing him to this city, having also heard Mr. Mills's own judgment on this 
subject, that he esteems it his duty to remain in Jamaica. Upon the whole, 
the Synod do confirm the judgment of the Presbytery of Suffolk on that head, 
being fully of opinion that it will not be for the edification of the church to 
remove him. 

Ordered, To read the minutes of yesterday forenoon. 

The consideration of the correspondence with the associate churches of 
Connecticut, resumed. 

The minutes of a convention held at Elizabethtown, the fifth of November 

last, by delegates from the consociated churches in Connecticut and from this 

Synod, were read, and a plan of union proposed between the Congregational, 

consociated and Presbyterian churches formed at that convention, was seri- 

32 



374 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

ously considered and amended ; and the following gentlemen, with any other 
ministers of this reverend body that please to attend, are appointed to meet 
with the delegates or commissioners from the Congregational and consocia- 
ted or any Presbyterial bodies, at Newhaven the tenth day of next Septem- 
ber, and there finally, on the part of this body, to complete the plan of union, 
and transact all other business that shall be found necessary in consequence 
thereof. 

The gentlemen appointed are the Rev. Messrs. Lewis, Buel, Mills, Mc- 
Whorter, Rodgers, Hait, Kirkpatrick, Reed, Ramsey, Beatty, Dr. Alison, 
Ewing, Blair, Spencer, Wilson, Miller, Duffield, Robert Smith, Graham, and 
Ball. 

Mr. Rosborough and his elder, John Maxwell, had leave to go home. 

The committee appointed to examine Philadelphia Presbytery book brought 
it in, and after a few remarks it was approved. 

Ordered, That Dr. Williamson get the address and representation of the 
ruling elders and others, of the Presbyterian denomination in Philadelphia, as 
corrected and approved by this Synod, printed. That the clerk furnish him 
with a copy for that purpose. 

Adjourned to three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

3 o'clock, P. M., the Synod met according to adjournment. Post preces 
sederunt qui supra. 

The consideration of the correspondence with foreign churches further de- 
ferred. 

Ordered, That the minutes of last sederunt be read. 

Application was made by the second Presbyterian church in Philadelphia 
for supplies, and especially for settled ministers. 

The following congregations in North Carolina, viz: Sugar Creek, Fishing 
Creek, Bethel, the Jersey Settlement, Centre Congregation, Poplar Tent, and 
Rocky River, united in a petition for one or more, of the Rev. Messrs. Spen- 
cer, Lewis, McWhorter, and James Caldwell, to be sent there, promising for 
their encouragement that the sum of eighty pounds be paid by any of these 
congregations in which he shall choose to spend half of his time, and another 
eighty pounds by the vacant congregations he shall supply; this petition being 
read, the several gentlemen mentioned in it were interrogated whether they 
would comply with this request, to which each of them returned a negative 
answer. 

Petitions for supplies were likewise brought in and read from Orange and 
Culpepper counties, and the south branch of Potomac in Virginia; and from 
the Long Canes, Cathy's Settlement, Indian Creek, and Duncan's Creek, in 
North Carolina. 

Motions for supplies were also made in behalf of Williamsburg and places 
adjacent, Hanover, and Cub Creek, in Virginia; Newburn, Edenton, Fourth 
Creek, Upper Hico, Haw River, Goshen in the forks of Catawba, the south 
fork of Catawba, the forks of Yadkin, and Salisbury, in North Carolina; 
Little River in South Carolina; and Briar Creek in Georgia. 

The committee appointed to examine Donegall Presbytery book, brought it 
in, and informed the Synod that it did not contain the minutes of that Presby- 
tery since last Synod, when it was restored to its former state, and queried 
whether they should go any further back in examination of it, to which the 
Synod gave an answer in the negative, and therefore it was returned without 
any remarks. 

The committee appointed to wait on the corpora'ion for the widows' fund, 
report, that they have not yet received their answer. 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 375 

In compliance with the request from Albany, the Synod appoint Mr. Rod- 
gers to take a journey to Albany and the places adjacent, as soon as he con- 
veniently can, and supply in that country where he may judge most neces- 
sary, at least six Sabbaths, and that Suffolk Presbytery supply Mr. Rodgers's 
pulpit three Sabbaths, and New York Presbytery the remaining Sabbaths in 
his absence. 

In order to answer the earnest and pressing supplications from Virginia, 
Carolina, «fcc. the Synod appoint Messrs. Bay, Potter, McCrery, Alexander, 
Latta, jun'r. Anderson, and Jackson, to take a journey as soon as the circum- 
stances of their affairs will admit, through Virginia, the Carolinas, (and 
Georgia if they can,) and that each tarry half a year, and as much longer as 
he shall think proper. 

And it is recommended to Mr. Bay to visit the South Branch of Potomac 
in going out, and Wilmington, Newbern, Edenton, and Williamsburg, and 
the places along the sea shore in his return. And that Mr. Jacob Kerr pay a 
visit to Williamsburg, and tarry there at discretion. 

And it is ordered, that proper testimonials be given to these gentlemen for 
their journey, signed by the moderator and clerk, together with a list of the 
vacancies that have now supplicated for supplies. 

The Synod took into consideration supplies for the second Presbyterian 
congregation in Philadelphia, and appoint as follows, viz: 

That Mr. Kirkpatrick supply there the first Sabbath of June, Mr. Rodgers 
the second, Mr. Ramsey the third, Mr. Treat, jun'r. the fourth and first of 
July, Mr. Richard Treat the second, Mr. Duffield the third and fourth; Mr. 
Robert Smith the first Sabbath of August, Mr. Richard Treat the second, Mr. 
Spencer the third and fourth, Mr. Finley the fifth ; Mr. Richard Treat the 
first Sabbath of September, Mr. Horton the second and third, Mr. Blair the 
fourth; Mr. Roe the first and second Sabbaths of October, Mr. McWhorter 
the third and fourth; Mr. Latta the first Sabbath of November, Mr. Hunter 
the second and third, Mr. Richard Treat the fourth, Mr. Close the fifth and 
first of December, Mr. Woodroffthe second and third, Mr. Richard Treat the 
fourth, Mr. Forster the fifth and first of February, Mr. Montgomery the se- 
cond and third, Mr. Miller the fourth; Mr. R. Treat the first Sabbath of 
March, Mr. Robert Smith the second, Mr. Hunter the third, Mr. Ramsey the 
Fourth ; Mr. Hait the first and second Sabbaths of April, Mr. Blair the third 
and fourth; Mr. Treat the first Sabbath of May, and Mr. Chesnutt the se- 
cond. 

Adjourned to eight o'clock, to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 

29th day, eight o'clock, Ji. M., the Synod met. according to adjournment. 
Post preces, sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of last sederunt be read. 

Ordered, That Messrs. Blair and Finley review the Donegall Presbytery 
book before our next Synod, and for that purpose order, that it be put into 
their hands at least a month before the Synod. 

Messrs. Beattv and Duffi eld's mission among the Indians and frontiers, 
came under consideration. And they report that they performed their mis- 
sion to the frontiers and among the "Indians. That they found on the fron- 
tiers numbers of people earnestly desirous of forming themselves into con- 
gregations, and declaring their willingness to exert their utmost in order to 
have the gospel among them, but in circumstances exceedingly distressing 
and necessitous from the late calamities of the war in these parts. _ And also, 
that they visited the Indians at the chief town of the Delaware Nation, on the 



376 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

Muskingum, about one hundred and thirty miles beyond Fort Pitt, and were 
received much more cheerfully than they could have expected. That a con- 
siderable number of them waited on the preaching of the gospel with peculiar 
attention, many of them appearing solemnly concerned about the great matters 
of religion, that they expressed an earnest desire of having further opportuni- 
ties of hearing those things; that they informed them, that several other tribes 
of Indians around them were ready to join with them in receiving the gospel, 
and earnestly desiring an opportunity. Upon the whole, that there does ap- 
pear a very agreeable prospect of a door opening for the gospel being spread 
among those poor benighted savage tribes. 

The Synod appoint the Rev. Messrs. Brainerd and Cooper to pay a visit to 
our frontier settlements and the Indians on Muskingum and other places, and 
tarry with them at least three months this summer, provided the report 
brought back by the Indian interpreter, Joseph, from them and delivered to 
the Rev. Dr. Alison, and Messrs. Treat, Beatty, and Ewing, proves encou- 
raging, which gentlemen are hereby appointed a committee to receive and 
judge of said report. 

Ordered also, That Messrs. Brainerd and Cooper take no money from the 
frontier settlements for their ministerial labours among them. 

Ordered, That Mr. McKnight supply Mr. Brainerd's place among the In- 
dians, and at Mount Holly the second, third, and fourth Sabbaths of July, and 
that Mr. William Tennent serve Mr. McKnight with a copy of this minute. 

Ordered, That the Lewestown Presbytery send a supply to Egg Harbour 
and the vacancies in those parts, five Sabbaths in the month of August and 
one in the month of September. And that Mr. Alexander supply in these 
parts the three last Sabbaths of September. 

And the Synod do agree to pay out of the fund in their hands, raised for 
pious uses, to the young men sent by Lewestown Presbytery, and to Mr. 
Alexander for their labours in those parts, at the usual rates for supplies. 

The consideration of the correspondence with foreign churches resumed ; 
and the committee appointed at our last Synod for that purpose, report, that 
for some prudential reasons they did not comply with the order. The Synod 
do, therefore, appoint the Rev. Dr. Alison, Messrs. Treat, Rodgers, Ewing, 
Treat, junior, Beatty, McWhorter, and Dr. Williamson, to be a committee 
for the said purpose, and that they be punctual in preparing letters to the 
foreign churches, to be laid before our next Synod. 

An overture was made by Mr. Robert Smith, that he might be set off from 
Donegall Presbytery, and have leave to join New Castle, as it is much more 
convenient, which was granted. 

The Synod do appoint the Rev. Messrs. Spencer, McW r horter, Kirkpatrick, 
Ramsey, and Montgomery, to be a committee to wait further on the corpora- 
tion for the widows' fund, and get an answer to the queries proposed, and 
transact all affairs with said corporation for the present year, and that the com- 
mittee make a full report of the whole to the Synod next year. 

Ordered, That Mr. Treat pay out of the fund for pious uses, the printer 
for two hundred and fifty copies of the ruling elder's plan. 

The Rev. Mr. Roan drops his appeal from a judgment of a committee of 
the Synod, appointed at Hanover, two years ago, provided that it shall not be 
understood that he acquiesces in said judgment. 

Ordered, That the stated clerk of Synod give Messrs. Brainerd and Cooper 
proper certificates for their journey. 

Adjourned to the third Wednesday of May next, to meet at the first Pres- 
byterian Church in Philadelphia, at ten o'clock, A. M. 

Concluded with prayer. 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 377 

Philadelphia, the 18th day of May, 1768. 

The Synod of New York and Philadelphia met at the first Presbyterian 
Church, according to adjournment. 

Of Dutchess : Rev. Messrs. Wheeler Chase, Thomas Lewis. 

Of New York: Rev. Messrs. Azariah Horton, Aaron Richards, John Rod- 
gers, Benjamin Woodruff, Abner Brush, Alexander McWhorter, James Cald- 
well, Azel Roe, Joseph Treat, Nathan Kerr, Francis Peppard, Jedediah 
Chapman. 

Of New Brunswick : Rev. Messrs. William Tennent, Israel Reed, Thomas 
Smith, John Rosborough, William Kirkpatrick, John Blair. 

Of Philadelphia first Presbytery : Rev. Messrs. Richard Treat, Andrew 
Hunter, William Ramsey. 

Second Presbytery of Philadelphia: Rev. Messrs. John E wing, Patrick 
Alison. 

Of New Castle: Rev. Messrs. Alexander McDowell, Elihu Spencer, Ro- 
bert Smith, William McKennan, John Carmichael. 

Of Lewestown: Rev. Messrs. John Millar, Matthew Wilson, Joseph 
Montgomery. 

Of Donegall: Rev. Messrs. John Roan, John Hogg, James Hunt, John 
Strain, John Slemmons, Robert Cooper, Amos Thomson. 

Elders: John Moore, Nathaniel iMcKinley, Dr. Burnet, Dr. Bloomfield, 
Bethuel Pierson, Aaron Mattison, Jacob Reeder, Philip Wynkoop, Joseph 
Fithin, Dr. Williamson, Dr. Lyon, Manasseh Logue, John Whitehill, Samuel 
Culbertson, John Voohees, James Ramsey, Isaiah Potter. 

Absent, Dutchess County Presbytery: Rev. Messrs. John Smith, Elisha 
Kent, Eliphalet Ball, Solomon Mead, James Peck, Samuel Dunlop. 

Suffolk Presbytery: Rev. Messrs. Ebenezar Prime, Silvanus White, 
Samuel Buel, James Brown, Nehemiah Barker, Benjamin Tallmage, Benja- 
min Gouldsmith, David Rose, William Mills, John Close, Elam Potter, 
Samson Occum. 

New Brunswick Presbytery: Rev. Messrs. James McCrea, John Guild, 
Charles McKnight, Samuel Kennedy, Amos Thomson, Job Prudden, James 
Lyon, John Hanna. 

New York Presbytery: Rev. Messrs. Simon Horton, Abner Reeve, Jona- 
than Elmer, Benjamin Hait, Jacob Green, James Tuttle, Hugh Knox, John 
Malby, Moses Tuttle, John Moffat. 

First Philadelphia Presbytery: Rev. Messrs. Charles Beatty, John Brain- 
erd, Nehemiah Greenman. 

Second Philadelphia Presbytery: Rev. Messrs. John Simonton, James 
Latta. 

Lewes. Presbytery: Rev. Messrs. Charles Tennent, Jacob Kerr, Alexander 
Huston, John Harris. 

Donegall Presbytery: Rev. Messrs. Adam Boyd, Andrew Bay, James 
Finley. 

All Hanover Presbytery absent. 

The Rev. Mr. Hunter, last year's moderator, opened the Synod by a ser- 
mon from Gal. i. 8. 

The Rev. Mr. Blair was chosen moderator for the ensuing year; who, after 
receiving the usual charge from the last year's moderator, took the chair. 
And Messrs. Montgomery and Ramsey were chosen clerks. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last Synod be read. 

The reasons offered by Messrs. Joseph Treat, Abner Brush, Nathan Kerr, 
John Carmichael, Thomas Smith, Amos Thomson, for non-attendance last 
year, are sustained; and John Hogg's absence for this several years past, ex- 
cused. 

32* 



378 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

Mr. Chauncy Graham is now come, and his elder, Mr. Potter. 

The Rev. John Clark is also come. 

New York Presbytery report, that they have licensed to preach the gospel 
since our last, Alexander Miller; and that Mr. Samuel Parkhurst was removed 
by death, the 11th of March, 1768. 

Suffolk Presbytery report, that they have licensed William Woodhull to 
preach the gospel. 

New Brunswick Presbytery report, that they have ordained to the work of 
the ministry, Mr. Jeremiah Halsey. 

Second Philadelphia Presbytery report, that they have licensed Messrs. 
Thomas Reed and John King; and that Mr. James Latta, a licensed candi- 
date, who was sent by the Synod to the southern parts, informs them by let- 
ter, that he is joined with the Presbytery in South Carolina. 

New Castle Presbytery report, that they have licensed Mr. Joseph Smith 
to preach the gospel. 

Dutchess County Presbytery report, that Air. Samuel Sacket has declined 
their jurisdiction, and that they have suspended from the work of the ministry 
Mr. William Hanah. 

The Lewes Presbytery report, that they have ordained to the work of the 
ministry, Mr. Thomas McCrakin, who, being present, took his seat; and that 
they have licensed to preach the gospel, Messrs. James Watt, Samuel Eakin, 
and John Bacon. 

Donegall Presbytery report, that they have ordained to the work of the 
ministry. Mr. John Craighead, who, being present, took his seat; and that 
they have licensed Hezekiah James Balch to preach the gospel: and a mem- 
ber reports, that the Rev. Mr. Robert Henrv departed this life the 8th of 
May, 1767. 

The Synod appoint, for a committee of overtures, Messrs. Lewis Wood- 
ruff, Thomas Smith, Hunter, Patrick Alison, Robert Smith, Hunt. Miller, 
Case. Elders, Dr. Bloomfield, Dr. Burnet, John Yoorhees, and Dr. Lyon, to 
meet to-morrow morning, at six o'clock, in this place, and by adjournment 
from time to time, as occasion may require, during this session. 

Adjourned till to-morrow morning, nine of the o'clock. 

Concluded with praver. 

19th, at nine o'clock, A. M. The Synod met according to adjournment. 
Post preces sederunt qui supra. 

The Rev. Messrs. Green, Simonton, Griffith, are now come, and their rea- 
sons for non-attendance yesterdav, sustained. 

The Rev. Messrs. Jones, Halsey, and Chesnutt, are also now come, and 
Mr. Jones' elder, Col. Jacob Ford; their reasons for not attending yesterday, 
sustained. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

The Rev. Mr. Duffield is now come, and his reasons for non-attendance 
yesterday, sustained; his elder, John McBride, is also come. 

Ordered, To proceed in reading the minutes of last year. 

Messrs. Treat and Caldwell are appointed a committee to examine New 
Brunswick Presbytery book. 

Messrs. Reed and Roan are appointed a committee to examine the first 
Philadelphia Presbytery book. 

Messrs. Rodgers and Wilson are appointed a committee to examine Done- 
gall Presbytery book. 

Messrs. Kirkpatrick and Ewing are appointed a committee to examine 
New Y'ork Presbytery book. 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 379 

Messrs. Duffield and Cooper are appointed a committee to examine Lewes- 
town Presbytery book. 

Messrs. Robert Smith and Spencer are appointed a committee to examine 
Dutchess County Presbytery book. 

The Presbytery books of Suffolk, New Castle, Hanover, and the second 
Presbytery of Philadelphia, are not present. 

The report of the committee appointed to dispose of the money in the 
hands of the treasurer of New Jersey College, belonging to the Synod for the 
education of poor and pious youth, deferred. 

And the Synod appoint for a commission for the ensuing year, the Rev. 
Messrs. Richard Treat, Dr. Alison, Lewis, Mills, Azariah Horton, Jones, 
William Tennent, Reed, Kirkpatrick, Hunter, Ewing, Spencer, Roan, Robert 
Smith, Miller, Montgomery, Duffield, Graham, Case, with the moderator; 
and elders Col. Ford, Dr. Williamson, Dr. Bloomfield, Dr. Burnet, Dr. Lyon, 
and Mr. Voorhees. Thirteen of whom to be a quorum ; but if the moderator 
die, or is absent, the first mentioned on the roll in the minutes, shall have 
power to call the commission and preside. 

Mr. Brush's reasons for not fulfilling his appointments to Mr. Brainerd's 
congregation, and Neshaminy, as ordered in the year 1766, are sustained. 

Mr. Kennedy did not fulfil his appointment in going to Albany, on the ac- 
count of sickness in his family, and other reasons satisfactory to the Synod. 

Mr. Slemmons, who went home last year without obtaining leave, is ex- 
cused. 

Mr. Rodgers complied with his appointment to Albany. 

The Presbytery of New York fulfilled their appointment in supplying the 
New York congregation in Mr. Rodgers' absence. 

The only members of Suffolk Presbytery that could safely go to New York, 
agreed to supply there; but some of them were disappointed. 

All the appointments to the southward were complied with, except by Mr. 
Anderson, who is not present; and by Mr. Bay, who, not being here, it is not 
known whether he complied or not. 

All the members appointed to supply Philadelphia second congregation 
complied, except Mr. Roe, Mr. Miller, Mr. Montgomery, Mr. Chesnutt, 
whose reasons for not complying are sustained. 

The Donegall Presbytery book not being sent, on the account of Mr. 
Blair's removal, the committee did not review it. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 



Three o'clock, P. M. The Synod met according to adjournment. Post 
preces, sederunt qui supra. 
P Dr. Alison is now come, and his elder, Charles Thomson. The Doctor's 
reasons for non-attendance sooner, sustained. 

Ordered, That the minutes of last sederunt be read. 

Mr. Bay is now come, and his reasons for not attending sooner, are sus- 
tained. 

The committee appointed to dispose of the interest of the money in the 
hands of the treasurer of the College of New Jersey, for the support of poor 
and pious youth at said college, report, that there will remain on hands, of the 
interest of the fund aforesaid, not disposed of, against the first of October next, 
the sum of fifty-two pounds proclamation money of New Jersey. And the 
Synod appoint as a committee for disposing of said money for the present 
year, the Rev. Messrs. William Tennent, Guild, Brainerd, Kirkpatrick, Ew- 
ing, Blair, Caldwell, and Reed, to meet for that purpose at Princeton, on the 
third Wednesday of August next. 



380 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

Mr. Brainerd is now come, and the reasons of his not coming sooner, sus- 
tained. 

Adjourned to nine o'clock, to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 

20th day, nine o'clock. The Synod met according to adjournment. Post 

preces sederunt qui supra. 
The Rev. Mr. James Finley is now come, and his elder, Mr. Robert 
Macky. Mr. Finley is excused fur not attending sooner. 
Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 
The Synod proceeded to consider the affair of the Indian school under the 
inspection of the Rev. Mr. Brainerd; and it appears from Mr. Brainerd's re- 
port, that there is still a school existing among the Indians under his care; 
and the Synod do agree to continue to support said school, and do appoint 
the usual salary of thirty pounds to be paid to Mr. Brainerd for the ensuing 
year; and do order the clerk of the Synod to give an order for that sum on 
the Synodical treasurer. It is further agreed to allow Mr. Brainerd the sum 
of twenty pounds as an addition to his salary, for his extensive services and 
labour in those uncultivated parts; and that the clerk also give an order to Mr. 
Brainerd on the Synodical treasurer for this purpose. 

The Synod do also order Mr. Brainerd to receive for the current year the 
sum of eighteen pounds, being the interest of the money in the hands of the 
treasurer of New Jersey College, appointed to support an Indian mission. 

Messrs. Brainerd and Cooper report, that they did not execute their mis- 
sion among the Indians on the Muskingum, and other parts, as ordered at last 
Synod, by reason of the discouraging accounts brought in by the interpreter, 
Joseph, sent out as mentioned in our last year's minutes, and other discour- 
aging circumstances. And as it appears that Mr. Brainerd had occasion to be 
at the expense of sending an Indian to prepare the way for his intended mis- 
sion, therefore the Synod do agree to pay the sum of five pounds to discharge 
said expense. Ordered, that the Synodical treasurer pay said sum. 

The Synod taking under consideration the deplorable condition of the In- 
dian tribes, the natives of this land, who sit in heathenish darkness, and are 
perishing for lack of knowledge, do appoint the following persons to be a 
committee to draw up and concert a general plan, to be laid before this Synod 
at their next meeting, to be approved by them in order to prepare the way to 
propagate the gospel among these benighted people, viz. Dr. Alison, Messrs. 
Read, Treat, Ewing, William Tennent, Rodgers, Brainerd. M'Whorter, Cald- 
well, Dr. Williamson, Charles Thomson, and the moderator, to meet at 
Elizabethtown, the first Wednesday of October next. 

The Synod proceeded to consider how far each Presbytery had complied 
with the order of last Synod, in respect of the plan laid by some lay elders 
some time ago and adopted by this Synod; and a satisfactory account not be- 
ing given, the Synod do appoint that each Presbytery do order one of their 
members to bring in a particular account in writing how far each congregation 
in their bounds have complied with said regulations, against the next Synod. 
Adjourned to three o'clock. Concluded with prayer. 

Three o'clock, P. M. The Synod met according to adjournment. Post 
preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

The members of this Synod, appointed to meet the convention at New Ha- 
ven last year, report, that many of them did meet according to order, and die 
plan laid before the Synod last year was accepted; and that they have ap- 
pointed another convention the first Wednesday of October, at Elizabethtown, 
and the following gentlemen are now appointed by this Synod to be delegates 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 381 

from this body to meet at said convention, viz. Messrs. Case, Kent, Lewis, 
Mills, Rodgers, Jones, Jacob Green, Caldwell, William Tennent, Kirkpatrick, 
Blair, Spencer, Robert Smith, Miller, Montgomery, Duffield, Hunt, Richard 
Treat, Hunter, Ewing, Joseph Treat, Dr. Alison, Mead, Close, Brainerd, 
Alison, Finley, James Kerr, and Cooper. 

The Synod do order Dr. Alison to write to the General Association of the 
Consociated Churches in Connecticut, to appoint one of their members to 
open the convention with a sermon at Elizabethtown. And the Synod order, 
that the minutes of said convention be laid before this body every year. 

Mr. Thomson has obtained leave to go home. 

Adjourned till nine o'clock to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 

21 st day, nine o'clock, A. M. The Synod met according to adjourn- 
ment. Post preces sederunt qui supra, 

(Except Mr. Voorhees, who is gone home without leave.) 

Mr. Huston is now come, and his reasons for not coming sooner, sustained. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

A question was proposed by a member of the Synod, which is, whether 
the committee of overtures are to be considered as agents and councils, or 
shall they be considered as judges? The consideration of which is deferred 
to next Synod. 

A proposal was brought in desiring the Synod to fall upon some general 
plan to prevent irregularities in respect of marriage, and it is recommended to 
every member of this Synod carefully to consider the said affair, and be ready 
to deliver their sentiments on the subject next Synod. 

An address from several gentlemen who call themselves members of Done- 
gall Presbytery, was brought in and read; the consideration of which is de- 
ferred till Monday afternoon. 

Adjourned to ten o'clock on Monday next, A. M. 

Concluded with prayer. 

23d day, ten o'clock, A. M. The Synod met according to adjournment. 
Post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of last sederunt be read. 

The consideration of an address of a number of gentlemen who call them- 
selves the Presbytery of Donegall, deferred till the afternoon. 

Some members made a motion that the affair of Mr. Tennent's request be 
reconsidered, which was agreed to, but deferred till next sederunt. 

New Castle Presbytery book is now brought in, and Mr. Jones and Mr. 
Richards are appointed a committee to examine it. 

The committee appointed to meet with the corporation for the relief of poor 
and distressed Presbyterian ministers, and of their widows and children, &c. 
report, that they waited on said corporation and proposed the following que- 
ries, viz: 

1st. What power the committee of the Synod have in the distribution of 
some money raised by virtue of an act of the General Assembly of the Church 
of Scotland, and by them put into the hands of the corporation aforesaid? 

2d. What was the total sum put into the hands of said corporation by the 
General Assembly aforesaid, to be disposed of in conjunction with the com- 
mittee of the Synod? 

3d. What part of said money the corporation have allotted for the com- 
mittee to have any concern with? 

4th. Whether there is any of said money to be disposed of this year for the 
purposes mentioned in the act of the General Assembly of the Church of 
Scotland? 



382 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

To which queries the committee further report, that they have received the 
following answer from the corporation aforesaid, viz : 

" At a meeting of the corporation for the relief of poor and distressed Pres- 
byterian ministers, and of their widows and children, held at the second Pres- 
byterian church in Philadelphia, May the 27th, 1767. There is inserted in 
their minutes the following resolution: 

" The answer to the questions proposed by the committee of the Synod came 
under consideration. 

"In answer, the corporation declare that it is the sense of this board, that 
though a corporate body may not in the management of their affairs, legally 
associate with persons not in membership ; yet in regard to the limitation of 
the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland, we judge it incumbent on us 
to consult with the committee, and mutually to propose and to agree with one- 
another in the uses to which the money is to be applied; provided always, 
that if the Synod do not appoint a committee, or if that committee do not at- 
tend the corporation, it shall not be hindered to proceed to do business. 

"May the 19///, 1767. 

" At a meeting of the corporation at the first Presbyterian church in this city, 
it was determined, 

" That the interest of seven hundred pounds sterling is to be disposed of 
yearly for the time to come, if there be occasion for it, with the advice and 
consent of the Synod's committee. 

" Ordered, That the secretary give a copy of this our answer to the questions 
proposed by the committee. 

" A true copy, by Francis Alison, Secretary." 

The further consideration of this affair deferred. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

Three o'clock, P. M., the Synod met according to adjournment. Post 
preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of last sederunt be read. 

The consideration of the request of several gentlemen who call themselves 
the Presbytery of Donegall was resumed, and after much conversation and 
reasoning on the head, it was agreed to defer it till to-morrow morning. 

Adjourned till to-morrow morning at nine o'clock. 

Concluded with prayer. 

24th day, nine of the o'clock, A. M. the Synod met according to adjourn- 
ment. Post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the remaining minutes of yesterday forenoon be read. 

The affair of Mrs~ Tennent further deferred. 

The Synod resumed the consideration of the report of their committee ap- 
pointed last year to examine the state of the accounts of some money put into 
the hands of the corporation, for the relief of poor and distressed Presbyterian 
ministers, &c. by the General Assembly of the church of Scotland, to be dis- 
posed of by said corporation in conjunction with a committee of the Synod, 
and do approve of the above queries put to said corporation by their commit- 
tee; but judge that the answers given by the corporation are not fully satis- 
factory in these following points, viz : That the total sum of the money col- 
lected by the Church of Scotland is not specified, and secondly, that no 
account is given how this money has been disposed of since it came into their 
hands ; and also, that the corporation seem to insinuate that they have a power 
to dispose of said money if the committee of the Synod neglect or otherwise 
do not attend them; and therefore do appoint the following gentlemen a com- 
mittee to attend upon said corporation this year, to transact all affairs relative 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 383 

to said money, viz: Messrs. Spencer, McWhorter, Ramsey, Kirkpatrick, and 
Montgomery, three of whom are to be a quorum. 

The Synod resumed the consideration of the request of the gentlemen who 
call themselves the Donegal! Presbytery, and after much reasoning on the 
subject the further consideration of it is deferred till the afternoon. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

Three o'clock, P. M. the Synod met according to adjournment. Post 
preces, sederunt qui supra. 

Mr. Philip Wynkoop, Mr. Richard Treat's elder, having gone home on 
Saturday and not being able to return, Mr. Thomas Bourne, another elder of 
the same congregation, is permitted to take his place. 

Messrs. Hugh Huston and Samuel Culbertson are gone home without 
leave. 

Ordered, That the minutes of last sederunt be read. 

The request of the gentlemen who call themselves the Presbytery of Done- 
gall, was resumed, and after much time spent in hearing all that was said upon 
the subject, it was voted whether their request should be granted or not, and 
it was carried in the negative by a great majority. There being nothing in 
their petition but what was requested by them last year and then denied, and 
there now appearing no new light upon the subject, the Synod judge that the 
door is still open for them to return in a regular manner by becoming mem- 
bers of the Presbytery of Donegall, and as such taking their seats in this house, 
which if they will do, the Synod hereby declare that they are still willing to 
receive them, and upon their becoming members, to hear all complaints and 
as far as in their power to redress all grievances, and to attend to all proposals 
that may be made to heal differences and promote the Mediator's kingdom, 
and then to new-model Presbyteries if it should be judged necessary by this 
Synod. 

Adjourned till nine o'clock, to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 

25th day, at nine o'clock, A. M. the Synod met according to adjournment. 
Post preces sederunt qui supra, 

(Except Mr. Sparks, Mr. Chesnutt's elder, who is gone home without 
leave.) 

Mr. Fithian has leave to go home. 

Mrs. Tennent's complaint came under consideration, which the Synod 
remit to the Presbytery of Lewes, and at their particular request appoint the 
Rev. Messrs. Spencer, Finley, McKennan, Enoch Green, and Ramsey, to 
meet with said Presbytery as correspondents, and assist them in all their de- 
terminations on said affair, to meet at Buckingham on the third Wednesday of 
November next. 

Ordered, That the minutes of last sederunt be read. 

Upon reading the minute of yesterday concerning the brethren who call 
themselves the Presbytery of Donegall, Mr. Tate said, that he and his bre- 
thren with him were not authorized to make any other proposals to the Synod 
beside those mentioned in their petition, yet he believed that if the Synod 
would allow the Rev. Messrs. Sampson Smith and Beard to join the Presby- 
tery of New Castle, Mr. Thompson that of Donegall, and the Rev. Messrs. 
Steel, Elder, and McMordie, the second Presbytery of Philadelphia, it might 
heal the breach; in the mean time he desired liberty to join the second Pres- 
bytery of Philadelphia. The Rev. Mr. Lang being present, being asked 
whether he was willing to be joined to the Presbytery of Donegall, answered, 
that he rather chose to belong to the second Presbytery of Philadelphia, butif 
the Synod judged it the best expedient for peace, and the rest of his dissatis- 



384 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

fied brethren would come into the general plan, he would consent. There- 
fore, after due deliberation the Synod came to this conclusion, viz: That 
although they highly disapprove of the conduct of these brethren since their 
departure from the Synod, yet for the sake of peace they authorize the above 
mentioned Presbyteries to receive them in the following manner, viz : the 
Rev. Messrs. Thompson and Lang into the Presbytery of Donegal!, the Rev. 
Messrs. Beard and S. Smith into the Presbytery of New Castle, and the Rev. 
Messrs. Steel, Elder, Tate, and McMordie, into the second Presbytery of 
Philadelphia, provided that they apply for admission the first convenient op- 
portunity. But the Synod agree that this regulation is not intended to subject 
these vacancies that now are or hereafter shall be in the bounds of the Pres- 
bytery of Donegall to any other Presbytery, nor shall they apply at any time 
to any other without express leave obtained from that Presbytery. And it is 
further agreed, that if any of said brethren comply with said regulations, they 
shall previously and expressly withdraw their declinature entered at New 
York, 1 ?6^, and without this they shall not be admitted as members of this 
S>y%£& or of a:*y of its Presbyteries. 

Ordered, Tha* the clerk give Mr. Tate a copy of this minute. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

Three o'clock, P. M. luC Synod met according to adjournment. Post 
preces sederunt qui s^tipra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of last sederunt be read. 

Mr. Peppard had leave to go home, and Mr. John Whitehill, Mr. Robert 
Smith's elder. 

Mr. Strain brought in a protest against the above determination of the Sy- 
nod in these words, viz: 

I enter my protest against the above written determination of Synod for 
the following reasons. 

1. Because I look upon said determination to be the erecting a monument 
of the former division of this church. 

2. I apprehend that the foresaid determination, affecting the state of those 
three Presbyteries, in the bounds of which the people have been most divided 
formerly, will have nearly the same effect in reviving and confirming the pre- 
judices of the people, that a division of this Synod would have. Therefore, 

3. I apprehend it will have a tendency greatly to obstruct the success of 
the gospel of our dear Lord Jesus Christ. 

4. The foresaid determination appears to me too much to approve the 
schismatical conduct of those gentlemen who declined, and so far as it does 
so, the Synod adopts their schismatical practices and lies under the heavy 
guilt of the same. 

5. Although I am persuaded, that the Synod does in this act seek the peace 
of the church, yet the act itself tends to make the true peace of the church, 
and in some measure the success of the gospel, a sacrifice to appease the wrath 
of a few, and so it opens the door for unrestrained passion to demand from 
this body whatever satisfaction it chooses. 

And as I think the exoneration of conscience, a freedom from the Synod's 
guilt in this affair, and bearing a testimony for the cause of Christ, are the 
motives which excite me to my present conduct; that these ends may be an- 
swered I humbly pray this Synod to insert this my protest and reasons in 
their minutes. Signed by, 

John Strain. 

The dissent of the Rev. Messrs. Roan, Cooper, Slemmons, and Dufrield, 
from the same determination of Synod, was brought in and read in the follow 
ing words, viz : 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 3§5 

To the Reverend Synod of New York and Philadelphia: 

It is with much real concern and distress of mind we find ourselves obliged 
to inform this body that we can by no means approve the determination of 
this Synod disposing of a number of members formerly belonging to the Done- 
gall Presbytery, as expressed in said determination. Our reasons are, 

1. The only reason ever offered by the gentlemen now new modelled, for 
any such step being taken, was bad temper and want of brotherly love, which 
temper they prayed the Synod to indulge, and the Synod have in our opinion, 
contrary to the spirit of the Christian religion, granted them that indulgence. 

2. The petition of those gentlemen for separation from their brethren of 
Donegall, did contain by necessary implication very heavy charges against their 
brethren; and the Synod have, by allowing them separation, confirmed those 
charges without ever allowing their brethren so charged, the privilege of a fair 
hearing, but positively refusing it, though repeatedly and earnestly prayed for 
by the brethren thus charged. 

3. The Synod have for three several years insisted that these gentlemen 
sould return and sit with their brethren; this they have loudly complained of 
and represented the Synod's conduct as tyrannical, and on this entered a decli- 
nature in the year 1766, and have adhered to it ever since. The Synod have, 
by their present act, declared that charge to have been well founded, and have 
therefore themselves proposed as the very foundation of having that declina- 
ture withdrawn, their renunciation of that sentiment, and approached to an 
expedient proposed by some of those gentlemen. 

4. Those gentlemen have been in the judgment of this Synod and in the 
face of the world, most zealously engaged in spreading schism, rending con- 
gregations as far as in their power, and openly reproaching the Synod as arbi- 
trary and cruel; all which conduct, we apprehend the Synod does patronize 
by this determination of admitting them to membership without any proper 
acknowledgment of their having acted wrong herein. 

5. This determination, in our opinion, is a departing from and counteracting 
the very spirit and design of the plan of union, as it is in a great part built on 
the very footing of party, and instead of demolishing a Presbytery, which in 
the judgment of many members of this house, ought not to be allowed an 
existence, it is increased and strengthened. 

6. This determination is, in our opinion, formed also on the subversion of 
discipline in the church, as it respects ministers, inasmuch as, according to 
this determination, those gentlemen are as we apprehend covered over from 
beinor called to account for any past mal-conduct, and brought into good stand- 
ing under the bare mention in the minute of Synodical disapprobation for their 
irregularity. 

7. It is, in our opinion, setting a most pernicious precedent, as what has 
been granted to them cannot consistently be refused to any others who may at 
any time request it. But a request of disunion from their brethren thrice con- 
demned by the Synod, and yet obstinately persisted in though never supported 
by any one approved reason, has, in this determination, been granted them, 
and consequently any other repeatedly denied and unsupported request must 
hereafter be granted also. 

8. This determination manifestly erects a monument of division, in the body, 
as a number of those brethren are not only granted separation from their breth- 
ren of Donegall, but brought through another Presbytery and joined to a third 
at the distance of more than one hundred miles from some of the members, to 
the great abuse of much precious time which might be better employed in 
some other service. 

On the whole, the step taken by the Synod, however specious it may at 
first view appear, is, in our opinion, subversive of good order, derogatory to 
33 



386 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

this reverend body, prejudicial to the interests of religion, and evidently tend- 
ing to division, anarchy, and confusion, and as such we bear our open testi- 
mony against it, and solemnly declare our dissent from it, and pray that this 
our dissent, and the reasons of it, be entered in the records of this Synod. 

John Roan, 
John Slemmons, 
Robert Cooper, 
George Duffield. 
Adjourned to nine o'clock to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 

26 day, at nine o'clock, A. M. The Synod met according to adjourn- 
ment. Post preces sederunt qui supra, 

(Except Mr. McKinley, Mr. Rodgers' elder, who is gone home without 
leave.) 

Ordered, The minutes of our last sederunt be read. 

The Synod proceeded to hear and consider a Latin letter to the Church of 
Geneva, which was approved, and ordered to be transcribed, and signed by 
the moderator. 

A letter directed to the Synod of North Holland was also read and ap- 
proved ; and the Synod do appoint the following gentlemen to prepare letters 
to the following churches, viz. Mr. Rodgers, a letter to the Church of Hol- 
land; and Mr. Ewing, to the Church of Geneva; Mr. Joseph Treat, to the 
Church of Switzerland; the moderator to the Church of Scotland; Mr. Robert 
Smith, to the Synod of seceding ministers in Scotland; Dr. Williamson, to the 
ministers in and about London ; Dr. Alison, to the Synod of Ireland ; Mr. 
McWhorter, to the churches in South Carolina; and Mr. Kirkpatrick, to the 
ministers in and about Dublin. And these letters are ordered to be prepared 
and ready to be laid before the Synod early in their session next year. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M., to meet at the second Presbyterian 
Church. Concluded with prayer. 

Second Presbyterian Church, three o'clock, P. M. The Synod met ac- 
cording to adjournment. Post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

A supplication was brought in from the honourable board of trustees of the 
New Jersey College, praying assistance in supporting a Professor of Divinity 
from the last year's collection, and was fully considered, and the Synod 
judge, that they cannot give any part of the money collected last year towards 
the support of a Professor of Divinity in the said college, but do agree, and 
hereby order, a general collection to be made for this purpose, in all our con- 
gregations; and that the m«v)f^ T raised by this separate collection be applied 
particularly by this Synod yearly, for this purpose, till expended; and in ihe 
mean time, in order to assist in supporting a Professor of Divinity in said col- 
lege, the Synod do agree to give the present Professor the sum of fifty pounds 
out of the money now in the hands of our treasurer, to be refunded next year. 

Ordered, That Mr. Treat, our treasurer, pay this sum to the trustees of 
New Jersey College. 

Mr. McWhorter obtained leave to go home. 

A supplication from Sussex, on Delaware, for missionaries, was brought in 
and read. 

An application on the behalf of several distressed societies on the frontiers 
of Pennsylvania, and the South Branch of Potomac, was made by a member 
for missionaries to be sent among them. 

Application was also made by a member on the behalf of Great Egg Har- 
bour, and parts adjacent, for missionaries to be sent among them. 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 387 

Ordered, That Lewestown Presbytery appoint their candidates to supply 
the Forest, in Sussex, on Delaware, eight Sabbaths, at the most convenient 
places, for which the Synod order that their treasurer pay said candidates 
eight pounds. 

Application was made by a member on the behalf of the back parts of Bal- 
timore and Frederick counties, in Maryland, requesting a missionary to be 
sent among them. The Synod order that the Presbytery of New Castle sup- 
ply said parts by some of their candidates, or members, four Sabbaths, for 
which the Synod allow four pounds. 

Ordered, That Mr. Boyd supply at Great Egg Harbour, and parts adja- 
cent, four Sabbaths, viz. the three last Sabbaths of October, and the first of 
November, for which, together with his expenses in going there, the Synod 
allow him five pounds. Also, that Mr. Thomas Smith supply them three 
Sabbaths at discretion, taking care to notify them in due time, for which the 
Synod allow him three pounds. 

Ordered, That Mr. Roan supply at the South Branch of Potomac, three 
Sabbaths at discretion, for which the Synod allow him four pounds ten shil- 
lings. 

Ordered, That Mr. Halsey supply two Sabbaths in Sherman's Valley, and 
one at Bullskin, at discretion, for which the Synod allow him three pounds. 

Ordered, That Mr. Jackson supply four Sabbaths north of the Kittatinning 
Hills, for which the Synod allow him four pounds; and that Mr. Balch sup- 
ply four Sabbaths north of the Kittatinning Hills, for which the Synod allow 
him four pounds. 

Ordered, That Mr. Hunt supply the vacancies north of the city of Albany, 
five Sabbaths, at discretion, for which he is allowed five pounds. 

A call for Mr. McCreary, a candidate under the care of the New Castle 
Presbytery, from the inhabitants of Long Canes Settlement, in South Caro- 
lina, was brought in and read; as also a supplication to the Reverend Synod, 
requesting their concurrence in presenting said call, and urging his acceptance 
thereof. Also, another supplication from said place, requesting, (providing 
Mr. McCreary should reject their call,) to grant them a stated supply for six 
months, of some skilful minister. The Synod gave said call into the hands of 
Mr. McCreary, requiring his answer to it, who replied, that he had not clear- 
ness at present to determine either in favour or against the said call, and re- 
quested time to deliberate on it, which is granted, and the Synod recommend 
it to Mr. McCreary to determine the matter as soon as conveniently he can, 
and give his answer to New Castle Presbytery, who are desired in case of 
his accepting the said call, to ordain him as soon as they can. 

A supplication from Cathey's Settlement, and Fourth Creek, North Caro- 
lina, requesting supplies, especially by Mr. McCreary, was brought in and 
read. 

A supplication also from Coddle Creek for supplies, especially by Mr. 
McCreary, was brought in and read. 

A supplication also from the Three Creeks, and upper part of Catawba 
River, for supplies, especially for Mr. Bay, was brought in and read; also, 
an application by Mr. Bay, for supplies in behalf of Spotsylvania, in Virgi- 
nia, Upper Haw River, Deep River, Anson County, Bush River, Fair Forest, 
Indian Creek, the forks of Tiger River, Union congregation, Bullock's Creek, 
Clark's Forest, Bethel congregation, Fishing Creek, Hitchcock Creek, upon 
Pee Dee River, Pine Tree Hill, and Stephen's Creek. 

A supplication from Steel Creek and Providence, in Mecklenburg county, 
North Carolina, for supplies, was brought in and read, especially for Mr. 
Lewis, Mr. McCreary, or Mr. Potter, to continue some time with them in 
order to settlement. 



388 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

A supplication also from Timber Ridge, in Virginia, for supplies. 

A memorial from Col. Alexander McNatt, in Nova Scotia, setting forth the 
deplorable state of that new part of the Church, and earnestly requesting two 
ordained ministers, to continue some time to ordain elders and organize the 
churches. 

Also an application by Mr. Jackson, on the behalf of several congregations 
in Augusta county, Virginia, for supplies. 

Adjourned till to-morrow morning, eight o'clock, to meet at Market-street 
meeting-house. Concluded with prayer. 

27 day, eight o'clock, A. M. The Synod met according to adjourn- 
ment. Post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

The second Presbytery of Philadelphia report, that they have received Mr. 
Joseph Tate, having withdrawn his declinature, and promising subjection to 
the jurisdiction of this Synod, and he being present, took his seat. 

A letter was read from the Rev. Mr. Sacket, praying that the Synod would 
take under their consideration the unhappy difference betwixt him and the 
Presbytery of Dutchess county. 

A supplication was also brought in and read from Bedford, in West Ches- 
ter county, praying that a committee of this Synod may be appointed to meet 
at said place to settle all differences in the congregation, and after due delibe- 
ration, the Synod do appoint the following gentlemen to be a committee of 
this Synod to meet at Bedford the last Wednesday of August, to hear all affairs 
relative to both the above petitions, and finally settle all differences, viz. 
Messrs. John Rodgers, Caldwell, McWhorter, William Tennent, Lewis, 
Mills, Close, Kerr, Reeve, Jones, Hait, and Joseph Treat. 

A supplication was brought in and read from the Presbyterian Church in 
the city of Albany, setting forth their distressed condition on the account of a 
heavy debt contracted by building their church, praying assistance. The Sy- 
nod do sincerely pity their distressed condition, but find it is not in their 
power at present to help them. 

A petition was brought in by Messrs. Robert Knox and Anthony Pearson, 
in behalf of themselves and fifty-one other persons, complaining of the second 
Presbytery of Philadelphia, as Dr. Alison, Mr. Ewing, Mr. Patrick Alison, 
they judge, are not competent judges in the affair of presenting a call to the 
Rev. Patrick Alison, to the pastoral charge of the first Presbyterian Church in 
this city, and was read, and fully considered, and the Synod judge that the 
affair does not regularly come before this judicature, as there is not a suffi- 
cient number of members to constitute a Presbytery, if these gentlemen, be- 
fore mentioned, should be se r t aside as improper to judge in this affair. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

Three o'clock, P. M. The Synod met according to adjournment. Post 
preces sederunt qui supra. 

Mr. Horton, Mr. Kerr, Mr. Kirkpatrick, Mr. Spencer, obtained leave to go 
home. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

Ordered, That the treasurer of the Synod pay to the janitor who attended 
us last year, the sum of three pounds, and the same sum to the janitor for 
this year. 

Mr. Montgomery has leave to join the New Castle Presbytery, obtaining a 
regular dismission from Lewes, but it is ordered he attend' with the Lewes 
Presbytery at Buckingham, the third Wednesday of November. 

The Synod do appoint the Rev. Mr. Bay to pay a visit to the vacancies 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 3g9 

above the city of Albany, for six Sabbaths, as soon as convenient, for which 
he is to receive six pounds. 

The Synod do appoint Mr. Jackson, a licensed candidate in the Presbytery 
of New York, to take a journey to the southern provinces ; and, in order more 
fully to answer the end of his mission, the Synod do recommend it to either 
the Presbyteries of Donegall or Hanover, to ordain the said Mr. Jackson as 
soon as possible. 

Mr. Halsey is also appointed to take a journey to the southern provinces. 

Mr. Tate is appointed also to take a journey to the western parts of Virgi- 
nia, and to North Carolina, in the fall of this year, if ihe state of his congre- 
gation will permit. 

And the moderator and clerk are ordered to give the above gentlemen pro- 
per credentials; and also to Mr. Lewis, if he should think proper to go to 
North Carolina next fall; as also to Mr. Bay. 

The Synod can send no missionaries to Nova Scotia this year, but deter- 
mine to consider it next Synod. 

Mr. Anderson is appointed to take a tour on the Western frontiers of this 
Province, to set off as soon as possible, and preach in the vacancies on these 
frontiers at least twelve Sabbaths, for which he is to receive twenty shillings 
for every Sabbath that he preaches on the other side of the Kittatinning Moun- 
tains, and to take his directions from the Donegall Presbytery. 

Mr. McCreary is also appointed to preach over these mountains four Sab- 
baths, at the directions of the Donegall Presbytery* for which he is to receive 
four pounds. 

The Synod order Mr. Strain to supply the Second Presbyterian Church in 
Philadelphia the first Sabbath of June; Mr. Green, the second; Mr. Eakin, the 
third and fourth Sabbaths; Mr. Carmichael, first Sabbath of July ; Mr. Hunt, 
the third of July; Mr. Chapman, the last of July and first of August; Mr. 
Hunter, the second Sabbath; Mr. Richards, third and fourth of August; Mr. 
Bay, first and second September; Mr. Carmichael, third September; Mr. Ro- 
bert Smith, fourth of September and first of October; Mr. Montgomery, se- 
cond and third of October; Mr. Woodruff, fourth and fifth of October. 

Ordered, That the moderator sign all letters to the foreign churches. 

Adjourned to the third Wednesday of May next, 10 of the clock, A. M. to 
meet at the Second Presbyterian Church in Philadelphia. 

Concluded with prayer. 

Philadelphia, May \llh, 1769. 

The Synod of New Y^ork and Philadelphia met according to adjournment, 
at the second Presbyterian Church in this city. Ubi post preces sederunt, 

From the Presbytery of Donegall: the Rev. George Dufheld, John Strain, 
Robert Cooper, John Slemmons, John Craighead. 

Of Lewestown Presbytery: the Rev. John Miller, Matthew Wilson. 

Of New Castle Presbytery: the Rev. Alexander McDowel, Robert Smith, 
William McKennan, John Montgomery, James Finley, John Carmichael. 

Of first Philadelphia Presbytery : the Rev. Richard Treat, Andrew Hunter, 
John Brainerd, Benjamin Chesnutt, William Ramsey, John Clark, Enoch 
Green. 

Of second Philadelphia Presbytery: The Rev. Dr. Alison, John Simonton, 
John Ewing, James Latta, Patrick Alison. 

Of New Brunswick Presbytery : the Rev. John Blair, William Kirkpatrick, 
John Rosborough. 

Of Suffolk Presbytery: the Rev. John Close. 

Of New York Presbytery: the Rev. Azariah Horton, Dr. Rodgers, Aaron 
Richards, Benjamin Hait, James Caldwell. 
33* 



390 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

Elders : Messrs. Benjamin Blaith, Thomas Conary, Robert Macky, William 
Brown, Maskel Ewing, Isaac Abraham, James Sterret, James Rolston, John 
Brooks, William P. Smith, Christopher Hughs, John Maxwell, Az. McClane, 
Dr. Williamson. 

Absent of Hanover Presbytery: the Rev. Messrs. Blaith, Craig, Zancky, 
Brown, Todd, McCadden, Rice, Patillo, Criswell, D. Caldwell, Cummins, 
Waddle, Alexander, Leak. 

Donegall Presbytery : the Rev. Mr. Samuel Thomson, John Rowan, John 
Hogg, James Hunt, James Lang. 

Lewestown Presbytery: the Rev. Charles Tennent, John Harris, Alexan- 
der Huston, James McCrakin, John Bacon. 

New Castle Presbytery: the Rev. Elihu Spencer, Andrew Bay, John Mc- 
Creary. 

First Philadelphia Presbytery: the Rev. Charles Beatty, Xehemiah Green- 
man. 

Second Philadelphia Presbytery: the Rev. John Elder, John Steel, Robert 
McMordie. 

New Brunswick Presbytery : the Rev. Charles McKnight, James Read, 
John Hannah, Samuel Kennedy, Jer. Halsey, James Lyon, Job Prudden. 

Suffolk Presbytery: the Rev. Messrs. Prime, Buel, White, Brown, Barker, 
Goldsmith, Talmage, Rose, Lewis, Mills, Potter, Occum. 

The whole Presbytery of Dutchess County. 

New York Presbytery: the Rev. Messrs. John Pierson, Jacob Green, John 
Moffat, John Elmer, John Darby, Abner Reeve, Nathan Kerr, Benjamin 
Woodruff, Azariah Roe, Francis Peppard, John Maltby, Hugh Knox, Simon 
Horton, Abner Brush, Alexander McWhorter, Joseph Treat, J. Chapman, 
James Tuttle, Timothy Jones. 

Mr. John Blair, the last year's moderator, opened the Synod by a sermon 
from Rev. iii. 2, last clause. 

Mr. Kirkpatrick w 7 as chosen moderator. 

Mr. Caldwell and Mr. Patrick Alison were chosen clerks. 

Ordered to read the minutes of the last Synod. 

Mr. Hait's and Mr. Latta's reasons for being absent last year, sustained. 

Donegall Presbytery report, that Mr. Samuel Thompson and Mr. James 
Lang have joined them, according to the minutes of the last Synod. 

Lew r estown Presbytery report, they have ordained to the work of the gospel 
ministry Mr. John Brown. 

New Castle Presbytery report, the Rev. Mr. Adam Boyd was removed by 
death, Nov. 20, 1768. That they ordained to the work of the gospel minis- 
try, Mr. John McCreary, William Forster. and Mr. Joseph Smith, the two 
last of whom being present took their seats with Mr. James Huston, Mr. 
Smith's elder. And they further report, they have licensed to preach as can- 
didates, Mr. John Woodhull, Mr. Josiah Lewis. Mr. Hezekiah Balch: that 
Mr. Sampson Smith and Mr. JohnBaird had joined their Presbytery, accord- 
ing to the minutes of the last Synod; and that they have suspended from the 
exercise of the gospel ministry, Mr. Sampson Smith, and that they have re- 
ceived the Rev. Daniel McClelland as a member of their Presbytery, who be- 
ing present took his seat. 

The first Philadelphia Presbytery report, they have ordained to the work 
of the gospel ministry, Mr. Alexander Mitchell, and received the Rev. Mr. 
James Sproat, late a member of the association of New Haven, in Connecti- 
cut, who being present took their seats with their elders, Mr. Robert Patterson 
and Mr. Gunning Bedford. 

The second Philadelphia Presbytery report, that Mr. John Elder. Mr. John 
Steel, and Mr. Robert McMordie, joined them, according to the minute of the 
last Synod. 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 391 

New Brunswick Presbytery report, that they have received the Kev. Dr. 
John Witherspoon, late member of the Presbytery of Paisley, in Scotland, 
who being present took his seat. That the Rev. Mr. James McCrea was re- 
moved by death the tenth day of this instant, and that they have licensed Mr. 
Jacob Van Arsdalen to preach as a candidate. 

New York Presbytery report, that they have ordained to the gospel minis- 
try, Mr. James Tuttle, and that Mr. Moses Tuttle has withdrawn himself from 
our jurisdiction. 

By a minute laid before us, signed by the moderator of the Presbytery of 
Hanover, we are informed that Mr. Thomas Jackson and Mr. Samuel Leak 
were ordained by that Presbytery to the work of the gospel ministry. Mr. 
Jackson being present took his seat. 

The Synod appoint for a committee of overtures, the Rev. Mr. Cooper, 
Mr. Wilson, Mr. Finley, Mr. Ramsey, Mr. Latta, Mr. Blair, Mr. Hait, Mr. 
Close, and Mr. Jackson, with Mr. Maxwell, Mr. Sterret, and Maskel Ewing, 
elders, to meet here to-morrow morning at six o'clock, and as often after- 
wards as business may require. 

Adjourned till to-morrow morning, nine o'clock. Concluded with prayer. 

18^ day, nine o'clock, A. M. the Synod met according to adjournment. 
Post preces, sederunt qui supra, 

With the Rev. William Tennent, John Hogg, and Alexander McWhorter, 
who gave sufficient reasons for not attending yesterday. Also, Dr. Burnet, 
Joseph Cowan, and Hugh Whiteford, elders, are now present. 

Ordered, To read the minutes of the last sederunt. 

Ordered, to proceed in reading the minutes of the last Synod. 

Mr. Miller and Mr. Brainerd are appointed a committee to examine the Pres- 
bytery book of Donegall. 

Mr. Wilson and Mr. Montgomery are appointed a committee to examine 
the first Philadelphia Presbytery book. 

Dr. Rodgers and Mr. McWhorterare appointed a committee to examine the 
Presbytery book of New Brunswick. 

Mr. Robert Smith and Mr. Duffield are appointed a committee to examine 
the Presbytery book of New York. 

The Presbytery books of Hanover, Lewestown, New Castle, the second 
Presbytery of" Philadelphia, Suffolk and Dutchess County, are not present. 

Ordered, That those books be brought next Synod. 

Mr. Tate is now come, and his reasons for not attending sooner are sus- 
tained. 

The committee appointed last year to prepare a plan for propagating the 
gospel among the Indians, report, that it appeared to them as yet inexpedient to 
enter on that important work. 

Ordered, That Dr. Alison, Dr. Witherspoon, Dr. Rodgers, Mr. Brainerd, 
and Mr. Ewing, be a committee to consult whether any plan can yet be de- 
vised for the purpose aforesaid, and make report to the Synod next Tuesday 
morning. 

The Synod appoint for their commission for the ensuing year, the Rev. 
Messrs. Richard Treat, Dr. Alison, Dr. Witherspoon, Sproat, Blair, Lewis, 
Mills, Azariah Horton, Jones, William Tennent, Reed, Hunter, Ewing, 
Spencer, Roan, Robert Smith, Miller, Montgomery, Duffield, and Close, with 
the moderator; with elders, Dr. Burnet, Dr. Williamson, Gunning Bedford, 
William P. Smith, and Maskel Ewing, thirteen of whom to be a quorum ; but if 
the moderator die or be absent, the first mentioned on the roll in the minute 
shall have power to call the commission and preside. 



392 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

Mr. Spencer is now come, his reasons for not coming sooner, sustained; 
his elder, Valentine Duchene, is also present. 

Mr. Richard Treat is appointed treasurer for the Synod, and the several 
Presbyterial treasurers are desired to give him in their accounts by Saturday 
morning. 

Mr. Jackson and Mr. Joseph Tate complied with the appointment of last 
Synod to supply to the southward. 

Adjourned till three o'clock. Concluded with prayer. 

Three o'clock, P. M. the Synod met according to adjournment. Post 
' preces sederunt qui supra, (With Mr. Steel.) 

Ordered, To read the minutes of the last sederunt. 

The committee appointed to meet at Bedford, report, they accordingly met 
and their .minutes being produced were read, and the Synod approve of what 
they did except that part of their judgment which disunited Mr. Sacket from 
the Presbytery of Dutchess and annexed him to the Presbytery of New York, 
the propriety of which being debated, the question was put approve or not? 
which was carried in the negative by a great majority; and Mr. Sacket is 
therefore returned to the Presbytery of Dutchess county. 

From Mr. Brainerd's report respecting the school under his inspection, 
which the Synod agreed to support, we find it hath not been kept up more 
than half the last year, for which we therefore allow him fifteen pounds, which 
is half of what was voted last year. But as he expects he shall be able to 
continue that school the current year, having provided a master for that pur- 
pose, voted that he be allowed thirty pounds for the support of it. 

Ordered also, That Mr. Brainerd shall receive for the current year the sum 
of eighteen pounds, being the interest of the money in the hands of the trea- 
surer of the college of New Jersey for the support of an Indian mission, and 
that he also have twenty pounds from the Synodical treasurer for the continu- 
ance of his labours in the year past, in those desolate parts where he has been 
usefully employed, and the Synod desire Mr. Brainerd to supply in these 
parts as formerly. 

The delegates appointed to meet the Rev. General Convention at Elizabeth- 
town last October, laid before the Synod the minutes of the convention agree- 
able to a standing order for that purpose. 

As the next general convention is to meet the fourteenth of September at 
New Haven, the Synod appoint to attend on that occasion the following mem- 
bers, viz : the Rev. Messrs. John Strain, Richard Treat, James Sproat, John 
Brainerd, Joseph Montgomery, John Craighead, Jacob Kerr, Elihu Spence, 
John Ewing, Patrick Alison, Dr. YYitherspoon, Wiiliarn Tennent, Dr. Rod- 
gers, Alexander McYVhorter, James Caldwell, John Close, Samuel Buel, 
Solomon Mead, and Wheeler Case; Dr. Witherspoon is appointed to open 
the convention, or in case of his absence Dr. Rodgers. 

Mr. Azariah Horton has leave to go home. 

Adjourned till to-morrow morning nine o'clock. Concluded with prayer. 

19 day, nine o'clock, the Synod met according to adjournment. Post 
preces, sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, To read the minutes of the last sederunt. 

Mr. Carmichael, elder, has leave to go home. 

The committee appointed to dispose of the interest of the money in the 
hands of the treasurer of the New Jersey College, for support of poor and 
pious youth in said college, laid their proceedings before us, and it appears 
that they have disposed of twenty pounds for the purpose mentioned. There 
will be in the hands of the treasurer to be disbursed next October, sixtv-two 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 393 

pounds, and the Synod appoint as a committee for the present year to attend 
at the New Jersey college the third Wednesday of August, and dispose of 
said sum, the Rev. Messrs. Dr. Witherspoon, 'William Tennent, Brainerd, 
Guild, Ewing, Blair, Caldwell, Reed, and the moderator. 

The order of Synod respecting a plan laid down by some lay elders at a 
former session and adopted by this Synod, came under consideration, and it 
appears from the report of several Presbyteries, that only a few of them have 
endeavoured to execute this plan; the Synod renew their last year's order 
with relation to so useful an overture, and earnestly recommend to all their 
Presbyteries to use their utmost endeavours to secure the success of it before 
our meeting in May next. 

To the question concerning the business and power of the committee of 
overtures proposed last year, the Synod answer, that committee is intended to 
introduce business into the Synod in an orderly manner, that they may give 
advice concerning either the matter or manner of overtures brought to them, 
but have not power to suppress any thing that comes regularly before them 
from inferior judicatures according to our known rules, or such overtures and 
petitions as inferior judicatures or particular persons desire to have laid before 
this Synod. 

A proposal was made last Synod and the consideration of it deferred to this, 
that we should endeavour to agree upon some plan to prevent irregularities in 
respect of marriage. And after some conversation on said proposal, agreed to 
defer it to the next Synod, and it is expected every member will be prepared 
to give his sentiments on said proposal at that time, stating what irregularities 
he imagines prevail, and what method he would propose to prevent them. 

From the representations that have been made to us concerning the situation 
of Nova Scotia, we are of opinion that it is not expedient to appoint any mis- 
sionaries to that province at this time. 

A petition from the congregation of Little Britain was brought in and read, 
requesting to be set off from the Donegall Presbytery and put under the care 
of the New Castle Presbytery, which is more convenient to them. The Sy- 
nod grant their petition, but as there are some matters depending between Mr. 
Hunt and said congregation now before the Donegall Presbytery, the Synod 
order, that these be there judged and determined notwithstanding this regu- 
lation. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

Three o'clock, P. M. the Synod met according to adjournment. Post 
preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

Joseph Cowan, Mr. Horton's elder, has leave to go home. 

A motion was introduced from the committee of overtures, that the Synod 
should consider what they would do in case of persons who, breaking off from 
their body, are not subject to the inspection of any Presbytery, and yet may 
by their conduct bring a reproach on them, as being supposed to continue 
still in connexion with them. It was particularly represented that Mr. Kin- 
kaid is by many given out to be a Presbyterian minister, though his conduct 
is no way cognizable by us. The Synod, after inquiring into the facts, find 
that he had not only gone off of himself, but was publicly disowned by the 
Presbytery of Philadelphia, and has never been a member of any Presbytery 
of this Synod since the union of the Synods of New York and Philadelphia, 
and therefore they are persuaded that this conduct cannot, by any candid per- 
son, be considered as having any influence on them whether good or bad. 
On this account they see no necessity of either inquiry or vindication as to 
him, but recommend it to Presbyteries to be precise and accurate in making 



394 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

the dates of the desertion or separation of any of their members, and to give 
sentence definitively as to the continuance or dissolution of their relation. 

Adjourned till to-morrow morning at nine o'clock. 

Concluded with prayer. 

20th day, nine o'clock, the Synod met according to adjournment. Post 
preces sederunt qui supra, 

(With Mr. John Montgomery, Mr. Steel's Elder.) 

Ordered, To read the minutes of the last sederunt. 

Mr. Maxwell, Mr. Montgomery's elder, has leave to go home. 

Mr. Halsey is now come, and the reasons given by him for his not coming 
sooner are sustained. 

Mr. McClelland has leave to go home. 

Mr. Thomas McCracken and Mr. John Creary are now come, and their 
reasons for not coming sooner are sustained. 

The committee of overtures have brought in an appeal of Mrs. Jane Ten- 
nent, from a judgment of the Presbytery of Lewestown upon several com- 
plaints prosecuted by her before them, against her husband the Rev. Mr. 
Charles Tennent,but as the minutes of the Presbytery are not here, the Synod 
cannot proceed to hear the appeal now but order it to lie over till next year, 
when both parties are required to be ready for trial. 

Mr. Robert Patterson has leave to go home. 

Adjourned till monday morning ten o'clock. Concluded with prayer. 

Monday, ten o'clock, the Synod met according to adjournment. Post 
preces, sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

The Rev. Mr. James Long, together with his elder, Mr. William Alison, 
are now come ; Mr. Long's absence from Synod till this time, excused. 

The supplies ordered at our last session were fulfilled as follows. Mr. Boyd 
complied with his appointment to Egg Harbour. Mr. Roan complied with 
his to the branches of Potomac, and communicated in a letter to Mr. Duf- 
field, which was read, a circumstantial account of the situation of that deso- 
late country and his itinerating there. The Synod agree to give Mr. Roan 
for his great labours in that part eight pounds ten shillings, in addition to what 
they voted him last year. Messrs. Halsey, Hezekiah James Balch, and Mc- 
Creary, have complied with theirs; in consideration of Mr. McCreary's great 
services on his mission to the western frontiers of this province, the Synod 
vote him an additional allowance of five pounds. 

A paper signed by Alexander Miller, containing various matters of com- 
plaint against the Presbytery of Hanover, who deposed him May 3d, 1765. 
was brought in and read, he being present, which is as follows : 

To the Rev. Synod of New York and Philadelphia : 

Rev. Gentlemen — Be pleased to attend to the case and redress the grievances 
of a member injured by some members of Hanover Presbytery. The case is 
as follows: 

Mr. Rice brought an affidavit (in what manner proved I know not) to a cer- 
tain meeting of Hanover Presbytery, insinuating some reflections on my con- 
duct at a certain place. 

Though the paper was formed extra-judicially, yet I was willing, and even 
urged, for an appointment to be made to go and inquire into the rise and ground 
of said report, which was granted and made. In consequence hereof I rode 
four hundred miles to the place, but found no Presbytery, and that Mr. Todd, 
by his sole authority, prevented the same. 

Sometime afterwards, and on the very day our Presbytery was judicially 
appointed to meet at another place, at a very considerable distance. Mr. Todd 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 395 

with two other members went to this, (without judicial appointment) assumed 
the name and authority of Hanover Presbytery, and even ordained a man, re- 
ceived charges against me, and judged me in my absence, and appointed 
the time and place of the next meeting: but incapacitated and prevented by 
their conduct the meeting of the Presbytery according to appointment. 

At the time appointed for next meeting I attended, and, after reasoning on 
their conduct, it was mutually agreed, on certain conditions, to nullify what was 
past, and that the Presbytery be full at the trial. 

I attended at the time and place, but that Presbytery having failed in the 
performing the conditions stipulated on their part, and finding them resolved 
to proceed to judgment, contrary to their engagements, I gave in a declinature 
and appealed to the Synod, and gave them the reasons and left them. 

After which, as appears by their minutes, they judged the validity of my 
reasons of appeal, examined witnesses against me, formed, published, and or- 
dered a libel to be publicly read against me, and assumed a power to depose 
me from the ministerial office in my absence, and after I had appealed to the 
Synod. 

The next meeting of Presbytery I applied to the moderator and clerk to have 
a testimonial of my declinature, reasons of appeal, and a copy of their minutes, 
but was refused. 

This prevented me from applying to you in a way I thought orderly until 
the third instant, I got a copy of some of their proceedings, of which I com- 
plain of the following things, viz : 

1. That the Presbytery did not meet to do me justice, according to appoint- 
ment, Mr. Todd preventing the first, and many of the members not attending 
or fulfilling their engagements at the last, and that they have acted presbyteri- 
ally without appointment. 

2. That they received accusations, administered oaths to persons against 
me, and condemned me in my absence, and made themselves judges and par- 
ties in some cases. 

3. That they judged my reasons of appeal, and appear to blame me for ap- 
pealing. In this 1 complain they have acted contrary to the fifth article of the 
plan of union. 

4. That their minutes are dark and imperfect, containing, &c. &c &c, in- 
stead of facts and full history. 

5. For saying that the evidences were of unblamable reputation when they 
knew, or might have known, the contrary, by inspecting their oaths and vari- 
ous representations they have given. 

6. That they assumed a power not granted them by warrant from Christ, 
or ceded to them in the plan of union. 

These are some of my complaints, to which I can add many more, and will 
make it apparent to impartial judges that they are not without foundation; and 
if you please to do me justice and redress my grievances occasioned by these 
men, it will very much redound to your credit in the world, the honour of this 
judicatory, and oblige a sufferer. 

(Signed by) Alex. Miller, M. A. 

As also an attested copy of the Presbytery's minutes relating to his trial and 
deposition. 

After some time spent on this business the further examination of it is de- 
ferred till the afternoon. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

Three o'clock, P. M. The Synod met according to adjournment. Post 

preces sederunt qui supra. 
Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 



396 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

The consideration of Mr. Miller's case resumed. Mr. Miller was asked, 
whether he was a member of this Synod and subject to its authority and juris- 
diction. He answered he was, and referred to the introduction of the paper 
he laid before the Synod, signed with his name, which is in these words, "Be 
pleased to attend to the case and redress the grievances of a member injured 
by some members of Hanover Presbytery." 

After Mr. Alexander Miller's complaint was heard, it was deferred till to- 
morrow morning. 

Mr. Hart has leave to go home. 

Adjourned till to-morrow morning, nine o'clock. Concluded with prayer. 

23d day, at nine o'clock. The Synod met according to adjournment. 
Post preces sederunt qui supra, 

Ordered, The minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

The consideration of Mr. Alexander Miller's complaint resumed, and upon 
full inquiry the Synod conclude, that as the Presbytery of Hanover are not 
present, and it has not been made appear before us that they were cited to 
be present, or informed that Mr. Alexander Miller intended to lodge a com- 
plaint against them before the Synod, at this time, we cannot now enter upon 
the consideration of the merits of the complaint, but order both the Presbytery 
and Mr. Alexander Miller to attend our next Synod prepared for a full hear- 
ing, and, in the mean time, on account of Mr. Miller's unjustifiable delay for 
some years to enter his complaint before us, the irregularity of his proceed- 
ings during that time, and the atrocious nature of the crimes laid to his charge, 
we do hereby declare him suspended from the exercise of the ministerial office 
till his complaint can be fully heard. 

Mr. Alexander Miller was called in, and the above determination of the Sy- 
nod read in his hearing, whereupon he gave in a paper, renouncing the authority 
of the Synod. Upon which the Synod find, that as Mr. Miller was deposed 
by the Presbytery of Hanover he declined the judgment of that Presbytery 
and appealed to this Synod : and while we were taking measures to try and 
issue his complaint, he, in the paper aforesaid, hath renounced our authority. 
The Synod therefore declare he is not a member of this body, and forbid all 
their Presbyteries and congregations to employ him. 

An application from the Trustees of the College of New Jersey w r as brought 
in and read, requesting the assistance of the Synod to raise money for the ne- 
cessary support of the said College. The Synod looking upon this as a 
matter of great importance, appoint Dr. Witherspoon, Mr. Blair, and Mr. 
William P. Smith, a committee to make a suitable representation of the state of 
the college to lay before this Synod, which we may recommend for the infor- 
mation of our several congregations. And the Synod agree, that certain parti- 
cular persons be appointed to go through our bounds and use their utmost en- 
deavours to obtain subscriptions, in part, and after they have done all they can 
they shall leave the several subscriptions opened by them with the most conve- 
nient ministers, or other proper persons, to have them tilled up where any thing 
more can be done; and each Presbytery is enjoined to take care that every 
member be active and diligent to forward and complete those subscriptions, of 
which they are to give an account at our next Synod ; and the persons ap- 
pointed to this business, and the bounds assigned them, are as follows, viz : 

Mr. Duffield and Mr. R. Smith to York and Cumberland and parts o( Lan- 
caster county above the town; Mr. Spencer and Mr. McDowell to Chester 
county, and the lower parts of Lancaster county; Mr. Ramsey and Mr. John 
Miller to Kent, Sussex, and the Eastern Shore of Maryland: Mr. Montgomery 
to New Castle county; Dr. Witherspoon, Mr. Ewing. and Mr. Sproat to 
Bucks county and Philadelphia; Mr. Brainerd to Burlington, Gloucester, and 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 397 

Cape May counties; Mr. Tennent, Mr. Read, and the moderator, to Middle- 
sex, Monmouth, Hunterdon, Somerset and parts adjacent; Dr. Rodgers to 
Essex, Morris, and Sussex counties, and Mr. McWhorter to the bounds of 
Dutchess Presbytery, provided there appears proper encouragement for an ap- 
plication there ; Mr. Blair and Mr. Kerr to Goshen, and parts adjacent ; Mr, 
Craig and Mr. Jackson to the upper parts of Virginia ; Mr. Waddle to the lower 
parts of Virginia; Mr. Patrick Alison and Mr. Montgomery to the Western 
Shore of Maryland; Mr. Kirkpatrick to Charleston, South Carolina, and such 
other places as may be expedient for him to apply to ; and we appoint to sup- 
ply his pulpit, New Brunswick Presbytery the month of December ; Mr. 
Watt the month of January; the Presbytery of New York the month of Febru- 
ary; Mr. Lattathe two first Sabbaths in March, and the first-Philadelphia Pres- 
bytery the rest of the month of March ; Mr. ('lose the two first Sabbaths of 
April; Mr. Mills the third and fourth, and Mr. Lewis the fifth Sabbath of 
April. Dr. Witherspoon and Mr. Caldwell are appointed to go and endea- 
vour to obtain subscriptions for the college in the lower parts of Virginia, and 
their respective Presbyteries are required to supply their pulpits in their ab- 
sence, and the Synod order, that the above-mentioned persons to make col- 
lections for the college do make report of their success to the trustees of said 
college at next commencement, except those who are sent upon such distant 
missions that they cannot finish them before that time. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

Three o'clock, P. M. The Synod met according to adjournment. Post 
preces, sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, To read the minutes of the last sederunt. 

Agreeable to a former resolution of this Synod to correspond with foreign 
churches, the following letters were brought in by the gentlemen appointed for 
that purpose, viz : one by Dr. Rodgers to the Synod of New Holland, another 
by Mr. Ewing to the church of Geneva, another by Mr. Blair to the church of 
Scotland, another by Mr. Wilson (who was appointed instead of Mr. Joseph 
Treat) to the church of Switzerland, another by Mr. McWhorter to the 
churches in South Carolina, another by Mr. Kirkpatrick to the churches in 
and about Dublin, another by Mr. Robert Smith to the Synod of seceding min- 
isters in Scotland. 

Dr. Witherspoon, Mr. Duffield, Mr. Halsey, and Mr. Montgomery, with 
the aforesaid gentlemen who have made the drafts of those letters, are appoint- 
ed a committee for correction, that a fair draft of them may be laid before us 
to-morrow. 

Messrs. Mitchell and Foster have leave of absence. 

A petition from the congregation of Allentown, in the forks of Delaware, to 
be taken from under the care of the first Presbytery of Philadelphia and to be 
put under the care of the Presbytery of New Brunswick, was brought in and 
read. After the committee on behalf of the congregation and both Presbyte- 
ries concerned were heard, it appeared not expedient for the present to grant 
the prayer of the petition. But the Synod order the first Presbytery of Phila- 
delphia to inquire more particularly into the state and connexion of that con- 
gregation, and empower said Presbytery to set them off to the Presbytery of 
New Brunswick if it should appear expedient, or if it should appear more ex- 
pedient to setoff the congregation of Greenwich to the first Presbytery of Phil- 
adelphia the Presbytery of New Brunswick are empowered to set them off. 

Mr. Conary and Mr. Maskell Ewing have leave to go home. 

Adjourned till to-morrow morning, nine o'clock. 

Concluded with prayer, 
34 



398 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

24th day, nine o'clock. The Synod met according to adjournment. Post 
preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

The Presbytery book of Donegall was revised and approved, except their 
meddling with matters of divorce. 

The first Philadelphia Presbytery book was revised and approved. 

The Presbytery book of New York was revised arid approved. 

The committee appointed to prepare a representation of the college, brought 
it in, which, after it was read, amended, and approved, was committed to Dr. 
Witherspoon, to take care that rive hundred copies be printed for the use of 
the Synod. 

At the request of seceding ministers, Dr. Witherspoon moved to have a 
committee appointed to converse with them, with a view to bring about an 
union betwixt them and this Synod. 

Also a petition from several inhabitants about Marsh Creek was brought in, 
praying this Synod would use their endeavours to form an union with the 
seceders, upon which ordered, that Dr. Witherspoon, Dr. Rodgers, Mr. Blair, 
Mr. William Tennent, Mr. McDowell, Mr. Robert Smith, Mr. McWhorter, 
and Mr. Caldwell, three of whom to be a quorum, be a committee for said 
purpose, and that Dr. Witherspoon be empowered to call the committee at 
such time and place as may be convenient, and that they have power to ad- 
journ themselves from time to time. 

A petition was introduced requesting supplies for Great Egg Harbour, to 
which place Mr. Clark is appointed the two first Sabbaths of July, and as 
much longer as he can, and Mr. Van Arsdalen the month of September, and 
as much longer as he can. 

Adjourned to three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

Three o'clock, P. M. The Synod met according to adjournment. Post 
preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, To read the minutes of the last sederunt. 

The congregation of Chesnut Level, formerly under the care of the Done- 
gall Presbytery, are, at their own request, put under the care of the New Cas- 
tle Presbytery. 

The committee of the Synod appointed to attend the corporation for the re- 
lief of poor Presbyterian ministers, &c. to dispose of a certain sum of money 
in the hands of that corporation, which was raised in Scotland, and to be laid 
out by the corporation, in conjunction with the Synod's committee, laid a re- 
gular account of their proceedings before the Synod, which was approved. 

The Synod agree to continue the same committee the present year. 

The New Brunswick Presbytery book was received and approved, except 
the recording some letters wrote to a distant member. 

Mr. Amos Thompson, a minister of the Presbytery of New Brunswick, 
living in Virginia, is joined to the Presbytery of Donegall. 

The Synod taking into their serious consideration the prevalence of irreli- 
gion and immorality, the lamentable decay of vital piety, and the threatening 
aspect of our public affairs, appoint the last Thursday of June to be observed 
as a day of fasting, humiliation, and prayer. Should this day be found incon- 
venient for any of our ministers, they are allowed to fix on any other day that 
may suit them better. 

As Mr. Oliver Demming, a licensed candidate from an association in Con- 
necticut, and inclining to supply some time in our vacancies, proposes taking 
a ride to Connecticut, where he informs us it is probable he may stay till he 
receives ordination, the Synod order should he return ordained, or recom- 
mended by any association in that colony, and prosecuting his intention of 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 399 

visiting the Carolinas, that Mr. Caldwell, one of our clerks, furnish him with 
properly authenticated testimonials as a missionary from the Synod. Or 
should Mr. Demming choose to put himself under the care of one of our Pres- 
byteries for ordination, and such Presbytery finding him qualified upon trial, 
are hereby authorized to ordain him, provided he undertakes this mission. 

Mr. Caldwell had leave to go home. 

Adjourned till to-morrow morning at nine o'clock. 

Concluded with prayer. 

25th day, nine o'clock, A. M. The Synod met according to adjourn- 
ment. Post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

The Synod order their treasurer to pay the sexton of the second Presby- 
terian church in this city, three pounds, for his attendance during the pre- 
sent session. 

The Synod vote the Rev. Mr. John Blair moderator, pro tempore, in order 
to his signing a certificate for the present moderator, who is appointed on a 
mission to Charleston. This being done the former moderator resumed the 
chair. 

The persons appointed to write to the several churches, as mentioned in a 
former minute, brought in letters which were read, approved, and some of 
them signed by the moderator, who is authorized to sign the others before he 
leaves town, they yet being not fairly transcribed. Dr. Rodgers is appointed 
to transmit the letters to the churches of Holland, Geneva, and Switzerland; 
and Dr. Alison, Dr. Witherspoon, and the moderator, to transmit the rest. 

The Synod agree to give the honourable board of trustees of the New Jer- 
sey College, towards supporting a Professor of Divinity in that institution, 
sixty pounds for the last year, and sixty pounds for the current year, out of 
the collections made in our congregations for this purpose, agreeable to an or- 
der of last session. The fifty pounds lent that honourable board last year, is 
refunded. 

• The Synod proceeded to the consideration of supplies, but deferred making 
any appointments till the afternoon. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

Three o'clock, P. M. The Synod met according to adjournment. Post 
preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

The consideration of supplies was resumed, and the following appoint- 
ments made for the present year. 

The Rev. Messrs. John Harris, John Clark, Jeremiah Halsey, James 
Latta, Jonathan Elmore, Thomas Lewis, and Josiah Lewis, a licensed candi- 
date, are appointed to supply in the vacancies of Virginia, North Carolina, 
and those parts of South Carolina under our care, to set off as soon, and spend 
as much time among them as they conveniently can on this important mis- 
sion. 

Mr. Hezekiah James Balch, a licensed candidate under the care of Done- 
gall Presbytery, is appointed on the same mission, and the Presbytery to 
which he belongs are authorized to ordain him, if upon trial he acquits him- 
self according to their satisfaction, and accepts a call from Carolina. 

Ordered, That our stated clerk give these missionaries proper testimonials. 

Mr. James Anderson, a licensed candidate, is appointed to supply at dis- 
cretion in N. Virginia. 

As it is probable that ministers, or licensed candidates from New England, 
or other parts, may offer themselves to undertake a southern mission, the Sy- 



400 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

nod hereby appoint, should any such offer, the Rev. Dr. Alison, Messrs. 
Treat, Ewing, and Sproat, to be a committee to examine their testimonials, 
and upon obtaining sufficient satisfaction respecting their character and quali- 
fications, to furnish them with proper certificates as missionaries from the 
Synod to the southward. 

The Synod agree to pay those missionaries who supply in poor congrega- 
tions, thirty shillings each Sabbath they preach. 

Ordered, That New York Presbytery supply the poor vacancies on the 
frontiers of New Jersey and New York, ten Sabbaths; that Donegall Presby- 
tery supply the western frontier of this province, ten Sabbaths ; that Mr. Car- 
michael supply four Sabbaths on the South Branch of Potomac, and parts ad- 
jacent, and Mr. Long three. 

Adjourned till the third Wednesday in May, ten of the clock, A. M., to 
meet at the first Presbyterian Church in New York. 

Concluded with prayer. 

New York, May 16th, 1770. 

The Synod of New York and Philadelphia met according to adjournment. 
Ubi post preces sederunt, 

From the first Philadelphia Presbytery: The Rev. Richard Treat, Benja- 
min Chesnutt, James Sproat, Charles Beatty, John Clark. 

From the Second Philadelphia Presbytery: The Rev. John Ewing, Patrick 
Alison. 

From the Presbytery of New Castle : The Rev. Joseph Montgomery. 

From the Presbytery of Lewestown: The Rev. John Bacon. 

From the Presbytery of Donegall: The Rev. Robert Cooper. 

From the Presbytery of Hanover : The Rev. Joseph Alexander. 

From the Presbytery of New Brunswick: The Rev. Israel Reed, Jeremiah 
Halsey, William Tennent. 

From the Presbytery of New York : The Rev. John Blair, Dr. Rodgers, 
Azariah Horton, Benjamin Hait, Benjamin Woodruff, Alexander McWhorter, 
Joseph Treat, Aaron Richards, Azel Roe, Nathan Kerr, Abner Brush, James 
Caldwell. 

From the Presbytery of Suffolk: The Rev. William Mills, John Close, 
Elam Potter. 

Elders: Messrs. John McCalley, Garrett Noel, Samuel Allen, Peter V. B. 
Livingston, James Manning, Robert Ogden, Elias Bailey, Aaron Mattisson. 

Absent: Of the first Presbytery of Philadelphia: The Rev. Andrew Hun- 
ter, William Ramsey, Enoch Green, Nehemiah Greenman, John Brainerd, 
Alexander Mitchell, John Griffiths. 

Of the second Philadelphia Presbytery: The Rev. John Steel, John Elder, 
Joseph Tate, John Simonton, Robert McMordie, James Latta. 

Of New Castle Presbytery : The Rev. Alexander McDowell, James Fin- 
ley, William McKennan, Robert Smith, John Beard, John Carmiehael, 
William Forster, Andrew Bay, John McCreary, Joseph Smith, Elihu Spen- 
cer. 

Of Lewestown Presbytery: The Rev. John Miller, Matthew Wilson, 
Jacob Kerr, Alexander Huston, John Harris, Thomas McCracken. 

Of Donegall Presbytery: The Rev. Samuel Thompson. John Roan, 
George Duffield, John Hogg, John Strain, Amos Thompson, John Slemmons, 
John Craighead, James Long, James Hunt. 

Of Hanover Presbytery: The Rev. John Todd, James Waddel, David 
Rice, Richard Zanchy, James Black, John Brown, Charles Cummings, 

Craig, Thomas Jackson, Henry Patillo, Thomas McCadden, James 

Crisswell, David Caldwell, Samuel Leak. 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 401 

Of New Brunswick Presbytery : The Rev. Dr. John Witherspoon, Charles 
McKnight, John Guild, John Hanna, Thomas Smith, John Rosborough, 
James Lyon, Job Prudden. 

Of New York Presbytery: The Rev. John Pierson, Simon Horton, John 
Moffat, John Darby, Timothy Jones, Jonathan Elmer, Hugh Knox, Jedediah 
Chapman, Jacob Green, James Tuttle, Thomas Lewis, Francis Peppard. 

Of Dutchess Presbytery: The Rev. John Smith, Chauncey Graham, 
Wheeler Case, Samuel Sacket, Eliphalet Ball, Elihu Kent, Solomon Mead, 
Samuel Dunlop, and Joseph Peck. 

Of Suffolk Presbytery: The Rev. Ebenezer Prime, Sylvanus White, 
Samuel Buel, James Brown, Nehemiah Barker, Benjamin Talmage, Samson 
Occum, David Rose, Benjamin Goldsmith. 

By reason of the death of Mr. Kirkpatrick, our last year's moderator, the 
Synod was opened by Mr. John Blair, who was moderator the year before, 
with a sermon from 2 Cor. iv. 2. 

The Rev. Mr. Alexander IVJcWhorter was chosen moderator, and Messrs. 
Joseph Treat and Jeremia i Halsey clerks. 

Adjourned till to-morrow morning at nine o'clock. Concluded with prayer. 

nth day, nine o'clock, the Synod met according to adjournment. Post 
preces sederunt qui supra. 

The Rev. Dr. Alison and Samuel Kennedy are now come, and their rea- 
sons for not attending yesterday were sustained. Mr. William Arman, Mr. 
Kennedy's elder, is also come. 

Ordered, To read the minutes of the last sederunt. 

Ordered, To read the minutes of the last Synod. 

The reasons which were given by the Rev. Messrs. Joseph Alexander, John 
Bacon, Charles Beatty, Israel Reed, Samuel Kennedy, Nathan Kerr, Benja- 
min Woodruff, Azel Roe, Abner Brush, Joseph Treat, and William Mills, for 
heir absence from the last session of the Synod, were sustained. 

The first Philadelphia Presbytery report, since our last Synod they have 
>rdained to the work of the gospel ministry Mr. James Boyd and Mr. James 
Watt. Mr. Boyd being present took his seat. 

Second Philadelphia Presbytery report, they have ordained Mr. Samuel 
3akin. 

New Castle Presbytery report, they have licensed to preach as candidates 
Vlessrs. James Wilson and Daniel Jones; and Mr. Daniel McCleland was 
lismissed from them to go into New England. 

Lewestown Presbytery report, that they have licensed to preach as a can- 
lidate Mr. William Mackey Tennent; and have suspended from the work of 
he gospel ministry Mr. Charles Tennent. 

The Presbytery of Donegall report, they have ordained Messrs. Hezekiah 
fames Balch and John King; and have licensed to preach as a candidate Mr. 
flugh Vance. 

Hanover Presbytery report, they have ordained Mr. Hezekiah Balch. 

New Brunswick Presbytery report, that the Rev. Mr. William Kirkpatrick 
vas removed by death September 8, 1769. 

New York Presbytery report, they have ordained Mr. William Woodhull ; 
ind that Mr. Abner Reeve has withdrawn himself from their Presbytery, and 
leclared himself an Independent; and that Mr. John Maltby is dismissed to 
oin the Presbytery of South Carolina ; and that they have received Mr. A. 
^ewis, a candidate from the Association of New Haven in Connecticut. 

The Synod appoint for a committee of overtures the Rev. Messrs. Sproat, 
3eatty, Patrick Alison, Montgomery, Bacon, Alexander, Kennedy, Cooper, 
34* 



402 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

Richards, Roe, and Mills; with elders, Messrs. Allen and Mattison, to meet 
to-morrow morning here, at six o'clock, and afterwards as business may re- 
quire. 

Mr. Thomas Smith is now come, his reasons for not coming sooner, and 
also for his absence from the last Synod, sustained; his elder is Mr. Lucas 
Covenhoven. 

Dr. Rodgers and Mr. Blair are appointed a committee to examine the second 
Philadelphia Presbytery book. 

Messrs. Ewing and Patrick Alison, are appointed a committee to examine 
the New Brunswick Presbytery book. 

The Presbytery books of Hanover, Lewestown, Donegall, New Castle, 
first Philadelphia, New York, Suffolk, and Dutchess, are not present. 

Ordered, That these Presbyteries take care that their books be brought in 
next Synod. 

The commission of the Synod for the last year report, that they have met 
and will lay their minutes before the Synod as soon as the Synod shall call for 
them. 

The Synod appoint for a commission for the ensuing year, the Rev. Messrs. 
Richard Treat, Dr. Alison, John Ewing, Dr. Witherspoon, James Sproat, 
John Blair, Thomas Lewis, William Mills, Azariah Horton, Timothy Jones, 
William Tennent, Israel Reed, Andrew Hunter, John Roan, Robert Smith, 
John Miller, Joseph Montgomery, George Duffield, Wheeler Case, and 
Charles Beatty, with the moderator; with elders, Messrs. Robert Ogden, 
Peter V. B. Livingston, Samuel Allen, and Aaron Mattison, thirteen of whom 
to be a quorum; but if the moderator should die or be absent, the first men- 
tioned on the roll in the minute shall have power to call the commission and 
preside. 

Dr. Witherspoon is now come, and his reasons for not coming sooner sus- 
tained. 

The Synod agrees to enter on the consideration of supplying the distant 
vacancies, to-morrow in the afternoon. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

Three o'clock, P. M. The Synod met according to adjournment. Post 
preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, To read the minutes of the last sederunt. 

The treasurer for the Synod is continued, and he is ordered at some con- 
venient time to lay before the present Synod his accounts for the last year. 

The order of Synod respecting the execution of the plan laid by some lay- 
elders, at the session in 1766, and adopted by the Synod, came again under 
consideration; and it appears from the reports of the several Presbyteries, 
that some of them have been considerably successful in endeavouring to carry 
the said plan into execution, and others have been deficient in their endea- 
vours to execute the same. The Synod orders, that the several Presbyteries 
take care once every year to make a particular inquiry of their members 
respecting the execution of every article contained in this so useful a plan, 
and make report to the next Synod of the same. 

The proposal that was made to the Synod of 1766, that we should endea- 
vour to agree upon some plan to prevent irregularities that occur in marriage, 
which was deferred to this session, came under consideration. The members 
according to an order gave their sentiments on this subject, and Messrs. Blaii 
and Halsey are appointed to bring in a minute respecting this affair at oui 
next sederunt. 

Adjourned till to-morrow morning nine o'clock. Concluded with prayer. 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 403 

18//t day, nine o'clock, the Synod met according to adjournment. Post 
preces sederunt qui supra, 

Ordered, To read the minutes of the last sederunt. 

Messrs. Woodhull and Spencer are now come, and their reasons for not 
coming sooner are sustained. 

Dr. Williamson, Mr. E wing's elder, and Dr. Boyd, Mr. Alison's elder, are 
also come. 

The committee appointed to prepare a minute respecting the irregularities 
that occur in marriages, brought in the same, which being read and maturely- 
examined, it appears that the difficulties that will probably attend the execu- 
tion of any general plan for the prevention of said irregularities, were so great 
and numerous that they may be expected to render it abortive, it was there- 
fore concluded by a great majority to dismiss the whole affair. 

Mr. McKnight is now come, his reasons for not coming sooner, and also 
for his absence from the last Synod, sustained. 

The commission of the Synod for the last year reported that they had met, 
and they laid before the Synod the minutes of their proceedings; after the 
reading of said minutes, Mr. Montgomery, one of the members of the com- 
mission who dissented from their first judgment prayed leave to bring in his 
complaint against said judgment, which, after mature consideration, was car- 
ried in the negative. 

Messrs. Tennent's and Read's reasons for not attending the commission, 
sustained. 

Adjourned to three o'clock in the afternoon. Concluded with prayer. 

Three o'clock, P. M. The Synod met according to adjournment. Post 
preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

Ordered, That Mr. Treat, the treasurer of the Synod, pay Mr. Montgo- 
mery twenty shillings for copying the minutes of the commission of Synod, 
which met in Philadelphia. 

The treasurer is ordered to pay the expenses for bringing the Synod's book 
from Woodbridge to New York. 

The Synod entered on the consideration of supplies for the distant va- 
cancies in the Carolinas and Georgia. Inquiry was made whether the last 
year's appointments of supplies for the southern colonies were fulfilled, and 
it appears that Mr. Josiah Lewis had complied with said appointment, but 
that none of the others had complied with the same. The reasons of Messrs. 
Clark and Halsey, (who were the only members of those appointed last year 
that were present,) for not complying with the said appointments were sus- 
tained. 

A supplication was brought in from Long Cane, in South Carolina, that 
Mr. Josiah Lewis, or some other, may be appointed to supply them a twelve- 
month, in order to a settlement among them. 

** A call for Mr. Josiah Lewis from Centre congregation and Hopewell, in 
North Carolina, was brought in and read. 

A supplication for supplies from Hitchcock and Cartridge Creeks, in Anson 
county, North Carolina, was also brought in and read. 

A supplication from Briery River, in Virginia, for supplies, was also read. 

A supplication from Carthy's Settlement and Fourth Creek, in North Ca- 
rolina, was also read. 

A supplication to the Synod for stated supplies from Briar Creek, in Geor- 
gia, was read. 

Mr. Josiah Lewis, a licensed candidate, of New Castle Presbytery, is ap- 
pointed to supply at Long Cane settlements six months; three months at 



404 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

Briar Creek, in Georgia; and three months at discretion in North and South 
Carolina; and the Presbytery of New Castle is ordered to ordain him, if the 
way is clear, as soon as convenient. 

Mr. Azel Roe is appointed to itinerate in Virginia and the Carolinas ; to 
preach the gospel, ordain elders, and administer the sacraments of baptism, 
and the Lord's Supper; and the Presbytery of New York is ordered to sup- 
ply his pulpit during his absence. 

Mr. John Close is also appointed to itinerate in Virginia and the Carolinas, 
for the same purposes, and the Synod order the Presbytery of Suffolk to 
supply his pulpit during his absence. 

Mr. Manning, Mr. Roe's elder, has leave to go home. 

Adjourned until nine o'clock, to-morrow morning. 

Concluded with prayer. 

19th day, nine o'clock, «/?. M. The Synod met according to adjourn- 
ment. Post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, The minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

Mr. Hunter, Mr. Blair's elder, is now come. 

Mr. Chauncy Graham is now come, and his reasons for not coming sooner 
are sustained. 

The Presbytery of Dutchess report, that they have ordained the Rev. 
Messrs. Ichabod Lewis, and Samuel Mills, to the work of the gospel minis- 
try since our last, and have dismissed the Rev. Mr. Joseph Peck from their 
body. 

Ordered, That the Presbytery of Dutchess call upon Mr. Bay, now resi- 
ding within their bounds, to produce a regular dismission from New Castle 
Presbytery, and to join their Presbytery. 

Ordered, That the call from Centre congregation and Hopewell, in North 
Carolina, to Mr. Josiah Lewis, be put into the hands of Mr. Montgomery, in 
order to be presented by New Castle Presbytery to Mr. Lewis. 

Dr. Rodgers is desired by the Synod to write to the Rev. Mr. Prime, at 
Huntingdon, giving him an account of the distressed state of the churches to 
the southward, and pray him to supply the congregation as much as he can in 
Mr. Close's absence. 

Mr. Bay is now come; his reasons for not coming sooner, and also for his 
absence last year, sustained. 

Mr. Robert Henry, Mr. Bay's elder, is also come. 

Mr. McCreary is appointed to supply in the Carolinas for six months, to 
set off as soon as possible ; and it is recommended that he spend a considera- 
ble part of his time at Carthy's Settlement, and Fourth Creek; and the Pres- 
bytery of New Castle is ordered to supply his pulpit during his absence. 

And inasmuch as appointments in times past have been too frequently not 
fulfilled according to expectation, it is enjoined on each of these gentlemen, 
who are appointed to supply to the southward, that they fulfil said appoint- 
ments on pain of the Synod's censure. 

And if Mr. Josiah Lewis should not fulfil his appointment to Long Cane, 
Messrs. Roe and Close are ordered to supply at Long Cane, each of them 
three months. 

Mr. Beatty is ordered to supply Mr. McCreary's pulpit two Sabbaths ; Mr. 
Chesnutt two; Mr. Hunter two; and Mr. Ramsey one Sabbath. 

Mr. Thomas Smith is also appointed to supply Mr. Close's pulpit the firs; 
and second Sabbaths in September. 

Mr. William Tennent is also appointed to supply Mr. Roe's pulpit two 
Sabbaths; Dr. Rodgers the first Sabbath in July; and Mr. Joseph Treat the 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 405 

first Sabbath in August; and Mr. Simon Horton three Sabbaths between this 
and our next Synod; and Dr. Witherspoon the second Sabbath in August, 

Mr. Patrick Alison is appointed to supply in Virginia and the Carolinas, if 
circumstances admit, and to go out upon his mission in the fall. 

Mr. Nathaniel Niles, a candidate licensed by Berkshire association, in New 
England, who proposes to put himself under the care of the New York Pres- 
bytery, is appointed to spend the summer and fall seasons in the western 
frontiers of New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania, and the winter in the 
Carolinas; and he is ordered to keep an exact account of what monies he re- 
ceives from the several vacancies that he may supply in the said western fron- 
tiers, and if the said monies should not amount to thirty shillings provincial 
currency, per Sabbath, the Synod agree to make up the deficiency out of the 
monies in the hands of their treasurer. 

Messrs. Elder, Tate, and Steel are appointed to supply between Augusta 
Fort and Juniata, and places adjacent, each two Sabbaths before next Synod. 

Mr. Covenhoven has leave to go home. 

The moderator is ordered to furnish the members appointed to supply to 
the southward the necessary credentials. 

Adjourned to ten o'clock on Monday morning. Concluded with prayer* 

May 2lst. Ten o'clock, A. M. The Synod met according to adjourn- 
ment. Post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

The first Presbytery of Philadelphia reported, that in compliance with an 
order of Synod last year, they had, in conjunction with the Presbytery of 
New Brunswick, inquired particularly into the state and connexions of the 
congregation of Allentown, in the forks of Delaware, and it is the unanimous 
opinion of both Presbyteries that it is at present most subservient to the in- 
terests of religion in those parts, for the Presbytery of New Brunswick to 
take under their care, not only the congregation of Allentown, but also the 
congregation of Mount Bethel, both which are in the forks of Delaware, and 
both which have been under the care of the first Philadelphia Presbytery. 
The Synod therefore order the Presbytery of New Brunswick to take both 
the said congregations under their care for the future. 

The consideration of supplies resumed. 

Mr. Harris is ordered to supply at Hitchcock and Cartridge Creeks, in An- 
son county, North Carolina, three months ; in Virginia, and other parts of 
the Carolinas, at discretion, as much as he conveniently can. 

The consideration of the report of the Synod's commission deferred till 
three o'.clock in the afternoon. 

The Rev. Mr. Samuel Sacket is disunited from the Presbytery of Dutchess 
county and annexed to the Presbytery of New York. 

Mr. Ogden, Mr. Caldwell's elder, not being able to attend, Mr. Cornelius 
Netfield takes his seat, who was chosen by the session in his place. 

Doctor Alison, Messrs. Ewing, Sproat, Richard Treat, and Beatty, are 
appointed a committee to visit Mr. Brainerd's school next fall, and Mr. Brai- 
nerd is desired to meet the committee on the second Wednesday of June in 
Philadelphia, and are impowered to draw upon the treasurer for such monies 
as they shall judge the exigencies of the school shall require, and make re- 
port to our next Synod. 

It is ordered, that Mr. Brainerd receive for the ensuing year, the sum of 
eighteen pounds, being the interest of the money in the hands of the treasurer 
of the college of New Jersey for the support of an Indian mission, and that he 
have also twenty pounds from the Synodical treasurer for the continuance of 



406 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

his labours the ensuing year in those desolate parts where he has been so use- 
fully employed. 

Doctor YVitherspoon reports, that the committee appointed at our last Synod 
to converse with the seceders, in order to an union betwixt them and us, by 
reason of several disappointments have not met. The Synod therefore ap- 
point Dr. Witherspoon, Dr. Rodgers, Messrs. Blair, Tennent, R. Smith, 
McWhorter, Caldwell, Mills, and Joseph Treat, three of whom to be a quo- 
rum, to be a committee for the same purpose, to meet on the second Wed- 
nesday in August at New York, and that they have power to adjourn them- 
selves from time to time. 

The delegates appointed to meet the Rev. General Convention at New 
Haven in September last, laid before the Synod the minutes of the con- 
vention. 

As the next general convention is to meet at Elizabethtown, the first Wed- 
nesday of October, at eleven o'clock, the Synod appoint to attend on that 
occasion, the Rev. Messrs. Beatty, Sproat, Brainerd, Ewing, Montgomery, 
William Forster, Bacon, Spencer, Miller, Duffield, King, William Tennent, 
Dr. Witherspoon, Hait, Halsey, Jones, Horton, Dr. Rodgers, Treat, Mc- 
Whorter, Blair, Caldwell, Graham, Lewis, Mills, and Tallmage. 

Adjourned to three o'clock in the afternoon. Concluded with prayer. 

Three o'clock. P. M. The Synod met according to adjournment. Post 
preees, sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, The minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

Mr. John Moore, Mr. Richard's elder, is now come. 

The Synod proceeded to consider the report of the commission of the 
Synod. 

Mr. Ewing brought in a complaint against the judgment of the said com- 
mission, which was in part debated, and the further consideration of it was 
deferred till to-morrow morning. 

Adjourned till to-morrow morning, nine o'clock. Concluded with prayer. 

22d day, nine o'clock, the Synod met according to adjournment. Post 
preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, The minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

Mr. Woodhull is gone home. 

Mr. Ewing's complaint against the judgment of the commission, resumed. 

Mr. Ewing complains against the commission; that they received charges 
against him which were vague and indeterminate. The Synod agrees that 
these charges are rather deficient in point of specialty, but are of opinion that 
the commission acted with prudence and integrity in receiving said charges, 
inasmuch as they endeavoured to reduce them to a specialty, and as .Mr. 
Ewing submitted so far as to plead to them, and as the particular circumstan- 
ces of the first and third Presbyterian congregations in Philadelphia were 
viewed by them as so critical as in their judgment required an immediate dis- 
cussion of the affair. 

Yet the Synod orders, that all their judicatures shall, for the future, be par- 
ticularly careful not to receive or judge of any charges but such as shall be 
seasonably reduced to a specialty in the complaint laid before them. 

The further consideration of Mr. Ewing's complaint deferred till the after- 
noon. 

Mr. Close has leave to go home. 

Adjourned till three o'clock in the afternoon. Concluded with prayer. 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 407 

Three o'clock, P. M. the Synod met according to adjournment. Post 
preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, The minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

Mr. Roe has leave to go home. 

Mr. William Tennent, jun'r. being present, is desired to sit as a corres- 
>ondent. 

Mr. Hunter, Mr. Blair's elder, has leave to go home. 

The Synod proceeded to the further consideration of Mr. Ewing's com- 
>laint. 

Mr. Ewing and the members of the commission were fully heard upon the 
ubject of this complaint. 

The further consideration of this affair deferred till to-morrow morning. 

Adjourned till nine o'clock to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 

23d day, A. M. nine o'clock, the Synod met according to adjournment. 

Post preces sederunt qui supra. 
Ordered, To read the minutes of the last sederunt. 

The consideration of Mr. Ewing's complaint resumed. The issue of this 
ffair deferred till the afternoon. 
Adjourned till three o'clock in the afternoon. Concluded with prayer. 

Three o'clock, P. M. the Synod met according to adjournment. Post 
preces, sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, To read the minutes of last sederunt. 

Messrs. Potter and Bacon are gone home without leave. 

Mr. Ewing's complaint resumed. 

The first clause of the judgment of the commission, which is in the follow- 
ing words, " that Mr. Ewing has, to several persons, called Mr. Eakin a liar, 
dirty liar, or some such opprobrious terms, that he did this without being 
ble to assign a sufficient reason for the same," was maturely considered, and 
Iter a careful examination of all the evidence laid before us, the Synod con- 
ludes that there was sufficient foundation for this first clause in the commis- 
ion's judgment, and therefore they approve the same. 

The second clause in the aforesaid judgment which is as follows, " that he 
as shown in this matter so much untenderness towards the truth, as to give 
do much ground to impeach his veracity," was also maturely considered, and 
11 the evidence laid before us duly weighed, and upon the whole it does not 
ppear to the Synod that there is sufficient reason to impeach Mr. Ewing's 
eracity. Therefore this clause of their judgment is not approved. 

The third clause of the aforesaid judgment, which is in the following words, 
1 that he has shown a degree of resentment which the commission highly 
isapprove," was also duly considered and approved. 

And therefore, although there does not appear sufficient reason to impeach 
/Ir. Ewing's veracity, yet it is the unanimous judgment of this Synod, that 
Ar. Ewing has, by his unchristian treatment of Mr. Eakin, and the resent- 
rient he has shown in this affair, merited the censure of this body, and they 
ppoint the moderator to admonish him from the chair. 

Mr. Mattison has leave to go home. 

The minutes of the committee appointed to dispose of the interest of the 
nonies in the hands of the treasurer of New Jersey college, for the support of 
>oor and pious youth, having been forgot, it is reported that they disposed of 
wenty-five pounds, and that there will be in the treasurer's hands next Octo- 
)er, sixty-seven pounds; and the Synod appoint for a committee for the pre- 
sent year, to attend at New Jersey college, the third Wednesday of August 
lext, and dispose of said sum, or as much as shall be deemed necessary : the 



408 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

Rev. Dr. Witherspoon, William Tennent, John Guild, John Ewing, Elihu 
Spencer, James Caldwell, Jeremiah Halsey, and Israel Reed, any three of 
whom to be a quorum and to have full power to act. 

It appears by the accounts of the Synod's treasurer that there is in his 
hands seven pounds, seventeen shillings and eight pence, belonging to the 
college, which is ordered to be paid to the treasurer of New Jersey college. 

It appears, also, by the same accounts, that there is in the hands of our trea- 
surer two hundred and twelve pounds, eight shillings and ten pence of the 
monies collected for the use of the Synod. 

The gentlemen of the commission and Mr. Ewing were called in, and the 
judgment of the Synod respecting Mr. Ewing's complaint was read to them. 
All concerned acquiesced in this judgment, except Mr. Ewing, and he is al- 
lowed time, till the beginning of next sederunt, to deliberate on this affair. 

Inquiry was made, whether the gentlemen appointed to set on foot subscrip- 
tions for the college of New Jersey had complied with that appointment. And 
it appears that the members appointed to this service had been very diligent 
and successful in the same. But as no application has yet been made in some 
places, and in others a more universal application than has yet been made 
might probably be successful, the Synod orders the members appointed to this 
service to continue the subscriptions already begun, and also begin others 
where none has yet been set on foot, and that the several Presbyteries take 
care that this order be executed, and that the monies subscribed be duly col- 
lected and transmitted to Dr. Witherspoon, or to the treasurer of New Jersey 
college, and the clerk is ordered to furnish such Presbyteries as desire it with 
copies of this minute. 

Ordered, That Mr, Ewing's appeal against the second Philadelphia Pres- 
bytery be considered to-morrow morning. 

Adjourned till to-morrow morning, at nine o'clock. 

Concluded with prayer. 

May 24th, at nine o'clock, A. M. the Synod met according to adjourn- 
ment. Post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, To read the minutes of the last sederunt. 

Mr. Graham has leave to go home. 

Dr. Boyd has leave to go home. 

Mr. Ewing having deliberated on the judgment of the Synod respecting 
him, declared his readiness to submit to the same. He was, therefore, ac- 
cording to the order, admonished from the chair. 

Mr. Ewing signified to the Synod that he desired his appeal from the judg- 
ment of the second Philadelphia Presbytery might be withdrawn. Dr. Alison 
moved, that if this was agreed to, a protest might be admitted at his instance, 
as representing the said Presbytery; the appeal was withdrawn, but the pro- 
ceedings of that Presbytery had been injuriously treated upon the occasion, 
both in conversation and by papers put upon record, and that Dr. Alison himself 
had been particularly blamed, and therefore the Synod should not only de- 
clare the appeal fallen from, but give him, Dr. Alison, an extract of this min- 
ute, that the fact as it stands may be recorded in the Presbytery's book. 

Mr. Ewing and Dr. Alison have leave to go home. 

Mr. Boyd has gone home without leave. 

Ordered, That Mr. Ewing, the stated clerk of the Synod, state his accounts, 
and lay them before the next Synod. 

Mr. Alison has leave to go home. 

The members appointed to transmit the letters to foreign churches report, 
that the letters have been transmitted according to order, but no answers are 
yet received. 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 409 

Messrs. Elihu Spencer, William Ramsey, Alexander McWhorter, Joseph 
Montgomery, and James Caldwell, are appointed a committee for the present 
year to attend the corporation for the relief of poor Presbyterian ministers and 
their widows. 

Ordered, To pay the sexton forty shillings for his services during the present 
session of Synod. 

A letter from the Presbytery of South Carolina, signifying their desire to 
unite with this Synod, and requesting to be informed of the terms on which 
such union may be obtained, was brought in and read. It was agreed to send 
them the following letter in answer to their proposal. 

" Rev. and dear Brethren — We received your letter by the Rev. Mr. Cald- 
well, proposing an union of your Presbytery with this Synod, and asking the 
conditions on which it may be obtained. The Synod took your proposal into 
consideration, and are unanimously of opinion that the union would be for the 
interest of religion and the comfort of the whole body, and therefore agreed 
that it should take place for all ecclesiastical purposes, and expect that your 
Presbytery will attend the meeting of the Synod with all the regularity that 
your situation will admit. The conditions which we require are only what 
we suppose you are already agreed in, viz. that all your ministers acknowledge 
and adopt as the standard of doctrine, the Westminster Confession of Faith 
and Catechisms, and the Directory as the plan of your worship and discipline. 
The Church of Scotland is considered by this Synod as their pattern in gene- 
ral, but we have not as yet expressly adopted by resolution of Synod, or bound 
ourselves to any other of the standing laws or forms of the Church of Scot- 
land than those above mentioned, intending to lay down such rules for our- 
selves upon Presbyterian principles in general, as circumstances should from 
time to time show to be expedient. 

~ «« The only difficulty that has been made in this matter is, that we are not 
certain whether the corporation of the Widows' Fund will think it safe to ad- 
mit the members of your Presbytery, from their distance and other circum- 
stances. It is, however, the opinion of the members of this Synod that you 
either do not intend to ask admission to this fund, which is not mentioned in 
your letter, or that you are both able and willing to come in upon such terms 
as will not in the least injure the stock or embarrass the management of that 
corporation. 

" After receiving this letter we expect you will send your answer by such of 
your members as may attend the next meeting of our Synod, which is to be 
at Philadelphia the third Wednesday of May, 1771." 

The moderator is ordered to make out a copy of this, properly attested, and 
deliver it into the hands of Dr. Rodgers and Mr. Caldwell, to be transmitted to 
the moderator of the Presbytery of South Carolina by the first safe opportunity. 

A petition from some members of Hanover Presbytery, requesting that they 
may be erected into a distinct Presbytery, was brought in and read. The 
Synod agree to grant the prayer of the said petition, and the Rev. Mr. Hugh 
McCadden, Henry Pattillo, 'james Crisvvell, Joseph Alexander, Hezekiah 
James Balch, and Hezekiah Balch, are erected into a Presbytery, to be known 
by the name of the Presbytery of Orange, in North Carolina, and that their 
first meeting be at the Hawfields the first Wednesday of September next, and 
that the Rev. Henry Pattillo open the Presbytery with a sermon. But the va- 
cancies in these parts are allowed the same liberty of applying to the Synod 
for supplies as they have had in several cases heretofore. 

A petition from the congregations of Lancaster and Leacock, requesting that 
they may be set off from the Presbytery of Donegall and be put under the care 
of New Castle Presbytery, was brought in and read. The Synod agree to 
35 



410 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

grant the prayer of the said petition, and the Presbytery of New Castle is or- 
dered to take the care of those congregations for the future. 

A request from the Presbytery of New Castle for advice in an affair respect' 
ing Mr. Sampson Smith, was brought in, and after it was maturely considered, 
the Synod is of opinion that Mr. Sampson Smith ought to be continued under 
suspension till it appears to the Presbytery that he has taken all proper pains 
to clear himself from all suspicions respecting his conduct at Chestnut Level. 

A reference from the first Presbytery of Philadelphia respecting this ques- 
tion, viz. Whether a man may lawfully marry his wife's brother's (laughter, 
was brought in and read, and the consideration of it deferred till the afternoon. 

Adjourned to three o'clock in the afternoon. Concluded with prayer. 

Three o' 'clock, P. M. The Synod met according to adjournment. Post 
preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, The minutes of last sederunt be read. 

An application was made in behalf of the Presbyterian church in Albany, 
representing that they are deeply involved in debt, and praying that the Synod 
would recommend them to the assistance of charitable and' well disposed per- 
sons within their bounds. The Synod referred' it to Messrs. P. V. B. Liv- 
ingston and Elihu Spencer, as a committee to examine and make report of the 
state of their accounts. The said committee reported, that it appears by the 
papers produced to them by Mr. Robert Henry, one of the elders of said 
church, that they had erected a building for the public worship of God, the 
expense of which amounted to £2813 95. 3c?. York currency, that they re- 
ceived from sundry subscribers £S\ I 10s. Sd. for that purpose, which left the 
sum of d£2001 18s. Qd. deficiency, to be paid by three persons only, of which 
Mr. Henry has paid out of his own pocket £1086 13s. 6d., and is liable for 
part of what still remains unpaid of said debt. The Synod, therefore, cheer- 
fully and cordially recommend them to the assistance of all well disposed cha- 
ritable persons within their bounds. 

The further consideration of the reference from the first Philadelphia Pres- 
bytery deferred till next year. 

The Donegall Presbytery petitioned the Synod for supplies. Mr. Alexan- 
der Miller is appointed to supply, next fall, eight Sabbaths in the bounds of 
that Presbytery. 

The Presbytery of New York are appointed to supply on the frontiers of 
New Jersey and New York, and the Synod agree to pay those who supply 
them, out of their funds. 

The Synod agree to grant to the Presbytery of Donegall and New York, 
each fifteen pounds, and they are required to husband the money and improve 
it to the best advantage. 

The committees appointed to examine the Presbytery books uot having 
opportunity to examine them, they are referred to next Synod. 

Mr.. Bay requested to review a former minute respecting him, which is de- 
ferred till next Synod. 

Adjourned to meet at the first Presbyterian Church in Philadelphia, on the 
third Wednesday in May next, at ten o'clock, A. M. 

Concluded with prayer. 

Philadelphia, May 15//*, 1771, at 3 o'clock in the afternoon. 

The Synod of New York and Philadelphia met according to adjournment. 

Ministers present, of the Presbytery of New York: the Rev. Dr. Rodgers. 
Messrs. Azariah Horton, James Caldwell, Azel Roe, John Blair, Francis 
Peppard, Jedidiah Chapman, Alexander McWhorter. 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 41 } 

Of the Presbytery of New Brunswick : the Rev. Messrs. William Tennent. 
Charles McKnight, Jeremiah Halsey. 

Of the first Presbytery of Philadelphia : the Rev. Messrs. Richard Treat, 
Charles Beatty, James Sproat, Andrew Hunter, William Ramsey, Benjamin 
Chesnutt, Alexander Mitchell, James Boyd. 

Of the second Presbytery of Philadelphia : the Rev. Messrs. Joseph Treat, 
John Ewing, James Latta, John Simonton, Dr. Francis Alison. 

Of the Presbytery of New Castle: the Rev. Messrs. Alexander McDowell. 
Robert Smith, John Carmichael, William McKennan, Joseph Montgomery, 
John McCreary, Joseph Smith, Elihu Spencer, William Foster. 

Of the Presbytery of Lewestown : the Rev. Mr. John Millar. 

Of the Presbytery of Donegall: the Rev. Messrs. John Roan, John Strain, 
John Craighead, Robert Cooper. 

Elders, present: Dr. William Burnet, Messrs. Matthias Hatfield, Thomas 
Bourne, Richard Walker, Joseph Ogden, James McNair, John Johnson, John 
McElroy, John Wilson, William Patterson, Moses Scott, Thomas McCall. 

Ministers absent, of New York Presbytery: the Rev. Benjamin Hait, Ben- 
jamin Woodruff, Joseph Treat, Aaron Richards, Nathan Kerr, Abner Brush, 
Simon Horton, John Moffat, John Derby, Timothy Jones, Jonathan Elmer, 
Hugh Knox, Jacob Green, James Tuttle, Thomas Lewis. 

Of New Brunswick Presbytery: the Rev. Dr. John Witherspoon, Messrs. 
Thomas Smith, Israel Reed, Samuel Kennedy, John Guild, John Hanna, 
John Rosborough, James Lyon, Job Prudden. 

Of first Presbytery of Philadelphia: the Rev. Messrs. Nehemiah Green- 
man, Enoch Green, James Watt. 

Of second Presbytery of Philadelphia: the Rev. Messrs. John Steel, John 
Elder, Robert McMordie, Samuel Eakin. 

Of Suffolk Presbytery, the whole absent. 

Of New Castle Presbytery : the Rev. Messrs. James Finley, Andrew Bay, 
John Beard. 

Of Lewestown Presbytery: the Rev. Messrs. Matthew Wilson, Jacob Kerr, 
Alexander Huston. 

Of Donegall Presbytery: the Rev. Messrs. Samuel Thompson, George 
DufHeld, John Hogg, Amos Thomson, James Long, John Slemmons, Joseph 
Bay, James Harris. 

Of Dutchess Presbyterv, the whole absent. 

The Synod was opened with a sermon by the Rev. Mr. McWhorter, the 
last year's moderator, from Acts xx. 24. 

Mr. Ramsey was chosen moderator, and Mr. Roe and Mr. Latta, clerks. 

Adjourned to nine o'clock, to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 

\Gth day. The Synod met according to adjournment. Ubi post preces 
sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, The minutes of the last sederunt to be read. 

The first Presbytery of Philadelphia report, that the Rev. Mr. John Grif- 
fith is removed by death since our last. 

The New Castle Presbytery report that they have ordained Mr. John 
Woodhull and Mr. Josiah Lewis, who being present took their seats; and 
have licensed Mr. Thomas Smith to preach the gospel, and have restored the 
Rev. Mr. Sampson Smith, who being present took his seat. 

New Brunswick Presbytery report, that they have licensed to preach the 
gospel, John Simpson and William Shank. 

The Presbytery of Donegall report, that they have received as a member the 
Rev. Mr. Joseph Reah, lately from Ireland. 

Mr. Joseph Lewis reports that Mr. Samuel Black is dead. 



412 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

The Presbytery of New York report, that the Rev. John Pierson was re- 
moved by death, August 23, 1770; and the Rev. James Tuttle, December 
25, 1770; and that they have ordained the Rev. Alexander Miller, Oliver 
Dunning, and John Murdoch. 

The Lewestown Presbytery report, that the Rev. Charles Tennent and 
Thomas McCrackin have been removed by death since last Synod, and that 
Mr. John Bacon is dismissed from them, and removed to Boston. 

The Suffolk Presbytery report, that they have licensed to preach the gos- 
pel, Mr. Joseph Avery. 

Messrs. Hunter, Tate, Robert Smith, John Miller, Cooper, McKnight, 
Horton, Close, ministers, and Dr. Burnet, Joseph Ogden, Mr. Patterson, and 
Richard Walker, are appointed a committee of overtures, and ordered to meet 
here to-morrow morning at six o'clock. 

Mr. Montgomery and Mr. Roe are appointed a committee to examine the 
second Philadelphia Presbytery book. 

Mr. Blair and Mr. Chapman are appointed to examine the New Brunswick 
Presbytery book. 

Mr. McWhorter and Mr. John Miller to examine the book of the Presby- 
tery of Donegall. 

Dr. Rodgers and Mr. Sproat to examine the Presbytery book of New 
Castle. 

Mr. Roan and Mr. Strain to examine the book of the first Presbytery of 
Philadelphia. 

Mr. Treat and Mr. Foster to examine the Presbytery book of New York. 

The Synod appoint as a commission for the ensuing year, the Rev. Messrs. 
Richard Treat, Patrick Alison, John Ewing, Alexander McWhorter, James 
Sproat, John Blair, Thomas Lewis, William Mills, Azariah Horton, Timo- 
thy Jones, William Tennent, Israel Read, Andrew Hunter, Elihu Spencer, 
and elders Dr. Burnet, Captain Bourne, Dr. Lyon, Messrs. Ogden and Mc- 
Cullough, thirteen of whom shall be a quorum; but if the moderator should 
die or be absent, the first mentioned on the roll in the minute, shall have 
power to call the commission and preside. 

Mr. Treat is continued treasurer for this ensuing year, and desired to be 
ready to lay his accounts, for the last year, before the Synod. 

Messrs. Lewis, Roe, and Close complied with their appointments to the 
southern mission. 

The order of the Synod last year, that Mr. Bay should be dismissed from 
New Castle, and join Dutchess County Presbytery, was not complied with. 

Mr. McCreary's reasons for not supplying, according to the order of last 
Synod, were sustained. 

Mr, Patrick Alison reports, that it was not convenient for him to take a 
journey to the southward to supply the vacancies there. 

Mr. Niles undertook the mission assigned him by the last Synod, but wan 
prevented by sickness from fulfilling it. 

Mr. Tate was prevented by indisposition from fulfilling his appointment. 

The Synod are informed Mr. John Harris fulfilled his appointment to the 
southward. 

The committee appointed to visit Mr. Brainerd's school, report that they 
did not meet, because they understood that the school was broke up for the 
present. 

Ordered, That an exact list of the members of the Synod, with the several 
candidates and congregations under their care, be printed, with an account of 
the disbursements of money collected to be disposed of by the Synod ; and 
for this purpose the following persons are appointed a committee to prepare 
said list, Messrs. Treat, Caldwell, John Miller, Cooper, Halsey, Latta. Roe, 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 413 

Carmichael, Close, and Josiah Lewis, to meet to-morrow morning at half after 
eight o'clock, at this place. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

IQth day, three o'clock, P. M. The Synod met according to adjourn- 
ment. Ubi post preces sederunt *ui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

Ordered, That the clerk proceed in reading the minutes of the last Synod. 

As Dr. Rodgers has received letters from some of the foreign churches, he 
is ordered to lay them before the Synod to-morrow morning, and any other 
members who may have received such letters, are ordered to do the same. 

The committee appointed to meet the corporation for the widows' fund re- 
port, that they have been unable from indisposition, inclemency of weather, 
or ignorance of the time of the corporation's meeting, to form a quorum to 
meet with said corporation since our last Synod. 

Messrs. Elihu Spencer, Alexander McWhorter, Joseph Montgomery, James 
Caldwell, and the moderator, are appointed a committee to meet with the 
committee of the corporation for the widow's' fund, and are empowered to set- 
tle with said corporation, and ordered to make a report of their transactions to 
the Synod before the end of their present sessions. 

Dr. Rodgers reports that he sent the Synod's letter to the moderator of the 
Presbytery of South Carolina, but has received no answer. 

It is reported to us that the brethren of North Carolina, who requested last 
Synod to be set off as a Presbytery by the name of the Orange Presbytery, 
have met and proceeded to business agreeably to the order of Synod. 

Mr. Alexander Miller's reasons for not complying fully with the appoint- 
ment of last Synod, are sustained. 

The Synod think it expedient that, agreeably to their request, the New Cas- 
tle Presbytery ordain Mr. Thomas Read, a candidate residing in their bounds. 

Adjourned to meet to-morrow morning, at nine o'clock. 

Concluded with prayer. 

17th day, nine o'clock, Ji. M. The Synod met according to adjourn- 
ment. Ubi post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of our last sederunt be read. 

The Rev. Mr. John Slemmons is now come, and his reasons of absence 
since the beginning of our present sessions, sustained. 

Dr. Rodgers, agreeable to the order of our last sederunt, delivered into the 
Synod a letter from the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland, and an- 
other letter from the Synod of North Holland, which were read. 

A letter was also received from the Rev. Mr. Elam Potter, an absent mem- 
ber of this body, signifying his readiness to go upon a mission to Virginia and 
Carolina, and requesting the Synod to furnish him with credentials for that 
purpose. 

A reference from the second Presbytery of Philadelphia was brought in, in 
the following words : 

" The Presbytery took Mr. Eakin's affair under consideration, and as he 
has deserted his pastoral charge, and his character labours under grievous re- 
ports of gross immoralities, and he has not thought proper to attend this judi- 
cature, though twice cited to appear and vindicate his character and conduct, 
but by a letter sent to Dr. Alison, to be communicated to this Presbytery, de- 
sired that his name might be struck out of their book, as he was determined 
never hereafter to have any pastoral charge under the care of this Presbytery, 
or under the care of the Synod of New York and Philadelphia, the Presby- 
35* 



414 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

tery calling to mind the difficulties in which they have already been involved 
by his conduct, judged it most expedient to refer his case to the Synod, and 
desire this reference may be laid before them as soon as there is a convenient 
opportunity." 

The above reference was taken under consideration, and the Synod, after 
mature deliberation upon it, appoint Tuesday next, at three o'clock, for hear- 
ing and issuing that matter, and order that Mr. Eakin be cited, and that Dr. 
Rodgers prepare a citation, specifying the charges against him, Mr. Eakin, 
to be signed by the moderator, and bring it in at our next sederunt; and ap- 
point Messrs. Blair, Caldwell, and Dr. Burnet, a committee to prepare mat- 
ters and cite witnesses, and order the committee to take care that Mr. Eakin 
be served with the citation. 

A letter from the Rev. Mr. Ebenezer Prime, directed to the moderator, sig- 
nifying the difficulty which he, together with some of his brethren of Suffolk 
Presbytery, labour under on account of an order of Synod respecting the or- 
dination of ministers, sine titulo, and requesting some relief in that matter, 
was brought in and read, and the consideration of it was deferred. 

Adjourned to meet at three o'clock in the afternoon. 

Concluded with prayer. 

17th day, three o'clock, P. M. Tlie Synod met according to adjourn- 
ment. Ubi post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of our last sederunt be read. 

Mr. Boyd obtained leave to go home. 

Dr. Alison brought in a letter from the Synod of Geneva, which was read. 

The Synod entered upon the consideration of Mr. Ebenezer Prime's letter, 
and after maturely deliberating thereon, the Synod appoint Dr. Francis Alison, 
Dr. Rodgers, and Mr. McWhorter, as a committee to draw up a minute in 
answer to said letter, and to lay it before the Synod to-morrow morning. 

Mr. Blair brought in an overture in writing, proposing a committee to in- 
quire into the state of religion, and means for promoting it, in our bounds, 
which was ordered to lie upon the table for further consideration. 

Dr. Rodgers, according to the order of last sederunt, prepared and brought 
in a citation for Mr. Eakin, which was signed by the moderator, and is as 
follows: 

" Sir: — The second Presbytery of Philadelphia have referred your case to 
the Synod, who have taken it under their consideration; have appointed Tues- 
day next, at three o'clock, P. M. to hear and issue it, at which time you are 
hereby cited to attend, at the first Presbyterian Church in this city, and al- 
though we presume you cannot be ignorant of the scandalous reports spread 
abroad respecting you, as you have been twice cited to attend the Presbytery 
to vindicate your character in those instances, yet that you may have another 
opportunity for this purpose, we hereby inform you, they are the following, 
viz. antenuptial fornication; lying with respect to your marriage ; suborning 
witnesses; and deserting the work of the ministry, in direct violation of your 
ordination vows. Your attendance is expected at the above time and place to 
answer to the said charges. 

•* You are to consider this as the last citation you are to expect on this 
head; the Synod will therefore proceed to hear and issue the matter whether 
you attend or not. 

" Signed by order. 

"May llth, 1771." 

Adjourned to meet to-morrow morning, at nine o'clock. 
Concluded with prayer. 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 415 

18th day, nine o'clock, «#. M. The Synod met according to adjournment 
Ubi post preces, sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of our last sederunt be read. 

Dr. Witherspoon is now come, and the reasons he gave for not attending 
earlier in the session, are sustained. 

Mr. Peppard obtained leave to go home. 

The committee appointed yesterday to draw up a minute in answer to Mr. 
Prime's letter, brought it in. It was approved, and is as follows: 

" In answer to the Rev. Mr. Prime's letter, it appears, that he and his 
brethren, in whose name he writes, are agreed with this Synod in sentiments, 
that in sending forth ministers to labour in Christ's vineyard, we should lay 
hands suddenly on no man, but should use all Scriptural methods to be satis- 
fied of their piety, learning, prudence, and aptness to teach. And they are 
further agreed with us to make trial by hearing candidates for the work of the 
ministry preach, pray, and expound the Scriptures, previous to ordination, 
at least before their ordination, that we may be satisfied in our minds, that 
they have ministerial gifts to qualify them for their duty in that sacred charac- 
ter: that we should endeavour by private conversation, and a continuance of 
such trials, to come to a greater satisfaction of their aptness to teach, and other 
necessary qualifications. And the Synod are firmly persuaded that our me- 
thod of licensing them to preach, by way of probation for the gospel ministry, 
before ordination, is grounded on general directions given by the apostle, that 
we should lay hands suddenly on no man, but should commit this to faithful 
men who are known to be able to teach others. But as Mr. Prime, and the 
two brethren in whose name he writes, seem to differ from this Synod only in 
the mode of making these necessary trials before ordination, the Synod, after 
a serious consideration of their request, which they are persuaded is made 
from a conscientious regard to what they think their duty, have agreed to lay 
no burden on them, or on those young men whose consciences will not allow 
them to preach the gospel without ordination, and therefore, though the Synod 
cannot repeal the act referred to in the above letter, respecting the ordaining 
ministers, sine titulo, as they judge it still expedient and useful, yet they al- 
low the Presbytery to ordain those gentlemen referred to by Mr. Prime in his 
letter, in case they shall be found on trial, to be qualified for the work of the 
sacred ministry, not doubting but they will take due care on this important 
head." 

Mr. Bay is now come, and his reasons for not coming sooner are judged 
sufficient; his elder, Mr. Robert Henry, is also come. 

Mr. Halsey's elder has leave to go home. 

Upon inquiry how far the several Presbyteries had complied with the order 
of Synod respecting the plan of the lay elders, it was found that all the Pres- 
byteries present have paid due attention thereto, and have made some consi- 
derable progress in executing said plan, except the Presbyteries of New 
Brunswick and Suffolk, to whom it is earnestly recommended that they pay 
that regard to the above order of Synod which the importance of the case de- 
mands, as what may greatly conduce to the prosperity of the churches under 
their care. 

Mr. Brainerd reports, that he has had under his care an Indian school since 
the 24th of December, which he expects to continue through the summer and 
possibly through the winter also. 

Ordered, That the treasurer for the Synod pay Mr. Brainerd fifteen pounds 
for the half year which shall end the 24th of June. And Dr. Alison, Dr. 
Witherspoon, Messrs. Ewing, Sproat, Treat, and Beatty, are appointed a 
committee, who are to meet the last Wednesday of August, at ten o'clock, 
who shall visit the school and judge whether it shall be continued the winter 



416 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

half year; and if it appears to them that the school has been continued through 
the summer, they may draw upon the treasurer for fifteen pounds more; and 
then determine whether it is expedient to continue the school through the 
winter, and to" engage with Mr. Brainerd in behalf of the Synod, to allow him 
fifteen pounds also for that term, in case it be continued. 

It also appears to this Synod, that Mr. Brainerd has laboured very diligently 
in the numerous destitute vacancies to which he was appointed the lastSynod. 
The treasurer is therefore ordered to pay Mr. Brainerd the twenty pounds 
voted him last year for the said service. And it is also agreed, to allow Mr. 
Brainerd twenty pounds for the ensuing year, provided it shall appear at the 
next Synod, that he continues to preach the gospel in the numerous and des- 
titute vacancies in his neighbourhood. 

Adjourned to meet on Monday next, at ten o'clock. 

Concluded with prayer. 

20th day, ten o'clock, the Synod met according to adjournment. Ubi 
post preces sederunt qui supra, 

Ordered, That the minutes of our last sederunt be read. 

Mr. James Lang is now come, and his reasons for not attending sooner, 
judged sufficient; and his elder, John McClelland, is also come. 

Mr. Brainerd requested that some members of this body should be ap- 
pointed to inspect the journal of his last year's labours, in the destitute places 
in his neighbourhood, and to report the state of his accounts with respect to 
that service, and Messrs. Hunter and Spencer are ordered a committee for 
that purpose. 

Dr. Witherspoon and Dr. Rodgers are appointed to draw up a letter in 
answer to the letter which the Synod received from the General Assembly of 
the Church of Scotland. 

Messrs. Robert Smith and Halsey, are appointed to draw up a letter in an- 
swer to the letter from North Holland. 

Dr. Alison and Mr. Blair are appointed to draw up an answer to the letter 
from Geneva. 

And it is ordered, that these letters be laid before the Synod next Wednes- 
day morning. 

The committee appointed last year to dispose of the money in the hands of 
the treasurer of New Jersey college, for the education of poor and pious youth, 
report, that they have disposed of the sum of thirty-two pounds, and that there 
will be in the hands of the treasurer next October, the sum of sixty-five 
pounds. 

And the Synod appoint for a committee for the present year, to attend at 
New Jersey college the third Wednesday of August next, and dispose of said 
sum, or as much as may be deemed necessary, the Rev. Dr. Witherspoon, 
Messrs. Tennent, Guild* Ewing, Spencer, Be'atty, Caldwell, Halsey, Reed, 
and Hunter, any three of whom shall be a quorum. 

The delegates appointed to meet the Rev. General Convention at Elizabeth- 
town in October last, brought in the minutes of their proceedings, which were 
read. 

As the next general convention are to meet at Norwalk the first Wednesday 
of September next, at eleven o'clock, the Synod appoint as delegates to attend 
upon that occasion, the Rev. Messrs. William Tennent, Jeremiah Halsey, 
James Sproat, John Brainerd, Dr. Francis Alison, Dr. John Rodgers. Alex- 
ander McYVhorter, James Caldwell, Azel Roe, Elihu Spencer, J. Treat. 
Joseph Montgomery, John Blair, John Close, Jedidiah Chapman. John 
Woodhull, Dr. John Witherspoon, Charles Beatty. Solomon Mead, and 
Samuel Mills. 






NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 417 

And the Rev. Mr. John Blair, or in his absence, the Rev. Joseph Mont- 
gomery, is appointed to open the convention by a sermon. 

The committee appointed to confer with the Associate Presbytery, brought 
in the minutes of their proceedings, which were read, and the conduct of the 
committee was highly approved. 

Adjourned till three o'clock in the afternoon. Concluded with prayer. 

2Qth day, three o'clock, P. M. The Synod met according to adjournment. 
Ubi post preces sederunt qui supra. 

The reading of the minutes of last sederunt deferred. 

Mr. Boyd is now returned to the Synod. 

Inquiry was made with respect to the diligence of the several Presbyteries 
in forwarding the subscriptions for the New Jersey College, and it appears 
that the Presbyteries have exerted themselves with considerable success, and 
still expect to be able to obtain further contributions. 

It is ordered, that the several Presbyteries continue to exert themselves for 
this purpose, and be prepared to lay before the Synod, at our meeting next 
year, an exact account in writing of all the contributions and subscriptions they 
shall be able to obtain, and particularly specify what hath been collected and 
what still remains yet to be collected, and it is ordered that the clerks of every 
Presbytery furnish themselves with a copy of this minute. 

Mr. McDowell and Mr. Treat are appointed a committee to inquire into 
and report the management of the money formerly belonging to the Synod of 
Philadelphia. 

Adjourned to meet to-morrow morning, at nine o'clock. 

Concluded with prayer. 

21s/ day, nine o'clock, A. M., The Synod met according to adjournment. 
Ubi post preces, sederunt qui supra. 

The appointment of supplies to the southward, agreeably to a previous or- 
der of Synod, came to be considered. 

A supplication from Steel Creek, in North Carolina, for supplies, particu- 
larly for Mr. J. Lewis, was brought in by the committee of overtures and 
read. 

A supplication for supplies from Cathy's Settlement, North Carolina, was 
brought in and read. 

Also, a supplication for supplies from Cubb Creek, Virginia, was brought 
in and read. 

A supplication from Manahawkin, in East Jersey, was likewise brought in 
and read. 

A call from the united congregations of Briar Creek and Queensborough, in 
Georgia, for the Rev. Mr. Josiah Lewis, was brought in and read. In this it 
was also requested, that in case the call was not accepted, other supplies 
should be appointed them. 

Application was also made on behalf of Ligonier and the vacancies beyond 
the Allegheny Mountains, on behalf of the settlements on the south branch of 
Potomac, and on behalf of a numerous people living on Hudson's river, in the 
province of New York, and also on behalf of Hanover and Cumberland coun- 
ties, in Virginia. 

Application was also made on behalf of two united congregations in Dorset 
county, Maryland. 

In consequence of these applications, Mr. James Finley is appointed to sup- 
ply over the Allegheny Mountains for two months at least, as soon as may be 
convenient for him. 



418 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 



Mr. Sampson Smith is appointed to spend six months in the settlements on 
the south branch of Potomac and the other parts on the frontiers of Virginia. 

Mr. Schank, a candidate under the care of the New Brunswick Presbyter}', 
is appointed to spend four months in the settlements on Hudson's river, and 
parts adjacent, and the Presbytery are directed to ordain him as soon as may 
be, if they find their way clear, in order to his going on that mission. 

Mr. Alexander Miller and Mr. Eliphalet Ball are afso appointed to visit those 
settlements, and to continue there six weeks or two months each, if convenient. 

Mr. Elam Potter, agreeably to his request, is appointed to visit the south- 
ern vacancies of North and South Carolina and Georgia, and to spend at least 
six months in this mission, and to tarry in every congregation of importance 
which he shall visit, three weeks or a month, and carefully catechise the peo- 
ple. Ordered, that Mr. Roe give notice of this appointment to Mr. Potter. 

Mr. Joseph Smith is appointed to visit the southern vacancies, and particu- 
larly to spend five weeks at Steel Creek congregation, and two months and 
three weeks beyond the Catawba river, that he pay particular attention to Dun- 
kin's Creek congregation, and spend as much time there, and at Bullock's 
Creek, as he possibly can. The rest of the time at discretion, and he shall 
carefully catechise the people of these congregations. 

Mr. John McCreary is appointed to visit the settlements betwixt the Yad- 
kin and Catawba rivers, and to continue among them three months, and to 
spend three or four Sabbaths at Cubb Creek in his way. 

The first Philadelphia Presbytery are appointed to supply Mr. McCreary's 
pulpit the three first Sabbaths in August and the two first in November. 

Mr. Simonton is appointed to supply Mr. Smith's pulpit the two first Sab- 
baths in October, and Mr. Tate the two first Sabbaths in November. 

The further consideration of supplies deferred. 

Adjourned till three o'clock. Concluded with prayer. 

2lst day, three o'clock, P. M. the Synod met according to adjournment. 
Ubi post preces sederunt qui supra, 

The Synod proceeded, according to an order of a former dav, to consider 
the case of Mr. Eakin, referred to them by the second Presbytery of Phila- 
delphia. 

Mr. Eakin appeared agreeably to the citation issued, and being interrogated 
from the chair, made an open and free confession of the crimes with which he 
was charged, and declared himself unfeignedly sorry and deeply penitent for 
his very offensive conduct. 

The Synod after reasoning, and prayer to God for direction in this import- 
ant matter, are of opinion, that the crimes he had been guilty of did fully de- 
serve deposition; but in respect to his humble and penitent carriage do agree, 
that he be suspended from the exercise of his ministry sine die: and they do 
prohibit him, under pain of the highest censures of the church, from exer- 
cising the same, or any part thereof, within the bounds of this Synod, or any 
where else, and discharge any inferior judicatory from taking off this suspen- 
sion, and from receiving any application for that purpose; and the Synod do 
also dissolve his pastoral relation to the third Presbvterian congregation in this 
city. They do further suspend him from sealing ordinances in the meantime, 
but leave it to the second Presbytery of Philadelphia, or any odier Presbytery 
in which he may reside, to restore to Christian communion, upon his appli- 
cation, when they shall see proper. The Synod do also appoint the modera- 
tor solemnly to rebuke him from the chair, and order, that this whole sentence 
be read from the pulpit of that church of which he was pastor, the next Lord's 
day. 

Adjourned till to-morrow morning at nine o'clock. Concluded with prayer. 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 4jg 

22d day, nine o'clock, A. M., the Synod met according to adjournment, 
Ubi post preces, sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of Monday last be read. 

The committee to examine Mr. Brainerd's accounts from the year 1760 to 
the year 1770 inclusive, reported, that Mr. Brainerd had received from the 
several congregations he hath from time to time supplied in the neighbour- 
hood of Nanohawkin and Egg Harbour, only the sum of fifty-nine pounds 
nineteen shillings, though he had preached upwards of five hundred times 
among them, and that his accounts respecting the Indian school stand fair. 

The committee appointed to draw up a letter in answer to a letter received 
from the General Assemby of the Church of Scotland, brought it in and it 
was read. 

The committee appointed to draw up a letter in answer to a letter from the 
Synod of North Holland, brought one in which was read. 

And Dr. Witherspoon, Dr. Kodgers, Messrs. Robert Smith, E wing, Patrick 
Alison, Blair, and McDowell, are appointed a committee to review and cor- 
rect the forementioned Jetters, and bring them in to-morrow morning. 

The committee to inquire into the management of the money formerly be- 
longing to the Synod of Philadelphia, are not prepared to make their report. 

The case respecting marriage was taken under consideration, and after deli- 
berating upon it some time, it was deferred till next Synod. 

Mr. Ewing is appointed to furnish the southern missionaries with proper 
certificates, and to sign them in the name of the Synod. 

The affair of appointing supplies was resumed. 

Mr. Horton is appointed to supply Mr. Boyd's pulpit the third and fourth 
Sabbaths of September, while Mr. Boyd, agreeable to the order of Synod, 
supplies for Mr. McCreary. 

The New York Presbytery book was brought in by the committee ap- 
pointed to examine it, and it was approved. 

Mr. Caldwell requested in the name of the Presbytery of New York, that 
some of the money in the hands of the Synod's treasurer to assist poor and 
destitute congregations, be allowed them for supplying the frontiers of that 
province and New Jersey, and the Synod agreed, that there be allowed them 
for the ensuing year the sum of fifteen pounds, and at the request of Mr. 
Cooper, the like sum is allowed to the Presbytery of Donegall for supplying 
on their frontiers. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

22d day, three o'clock, P. M., the Synod met according to adjournment. 
Ubi post preces sederunt qui supra, 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

The committee apppointed to examine into and report the management of 
the money formerly in the hands of the Synod of Philadelphia, have not yet 
been able to complete that business. 

The committee appointed to examine the Donegall Presbytery book, 
brought it in, and with remarks it was approved. 

The committee appointed to examine the New Brunswick Presbytery book, 
brought it in and it was approved. 

The first Philadelphia Presbytery book was brought in by the committee 
appointed to examine it, and it was approved. 

Ordered, To proceed in reading the minutes of the committee of overtures. 

Application was made by Mr. Alexander Miller in favour of the Presby- 
terian congregation in Schenectady, in order to assist them in finishing a 
church, which was not complied with. 



420 MINUTES OP THE SYNOD OF 

A scheme for the education of poor and pious youth, formed and adopted 
by the presbytery of New Castle, and transmitted by the committee of over- 
tures, was brought in and read, aud is as follows: 

44 A scheme for supporting young men of piety and parts at learning for the 
work of the ministry, that so our numerous vacancies may be supplied with 
preachers of the gospel, &c. 

" 1st. That every vacant congregation in our bounds, who ask this Presby- 
tery for supplies, do annually at our fall meeting pay into the hands of a trea- 
surer to be chosen, the sum of two pounds. 

" 2d. That every minister belonging to this Presbytery, pay into the hands 
of said treasurer, at the said time, the sum of one pound. 

" 3d. That any gentleman willing to contribute to this pious design, may 
have an opportunity of subscribing to pay annually. 

44 4th. That at every spring meeting of this Presbytery, there shall be a 
treasurer chosen, (a member of Presbytery,) who shall keep a fair stated ac- 
count of all the money received and the disbursements, and shall pay no mo- 
ney without a written order, an act of the Presbytery signed by their moderator 
and clerk for the time being. 

44 5th. That every member of this Presbytery may recommend any young 
man they think proper, who, after such an examination as shall be thought 
convenient, shall receive or be refused the benefit of this donation, by the 
major vote of this Presbytery. 

44 6th. That after any young man is thus received, the Presbytery shall 
look upon themselves as the guardians of his education, and as such shall give 
all orders relative thereto, and in case of any difference of opinion the major 
vote shall always determine. 

44 7th. That every young man thus educated, shall be looked upon as na- 
tively belonging to this Presbytery, and when introduced into the work of the 
ministry, shall continue at least one year preaching in the vacancies within the 
bounds of this Presbytery. 

44 8th. That every young man thus educated, and afterwards not inclining 
to the work of the ministry, shall give a bond to some minister of this Pres- 
bytery, to the amount of all the money expended by this Presbytery in his 
education, payable in five years after date." 

The Synod do highly approve of this plan, and do most earnestly recom- 
mend it to the several Presbyteries to fall upon that or the like scheme, for 
the excellent purpose above mentioned, and order that inquiry be made at the 
next meeting of Synod, how far the several Presbyteries have been able to 
proceed in executing said plan, and that they be required to give an account 
of their diligence in this matter. 

An overture was made that a general fast be observed in all our bounds in 
consideration of the aspect which matters, both civil and religious, bear. The 
overture was cheerfully accepted, and the Synod earnestly recommend it to 
the several ministers and congregations under their care, to spend the third 
Thursday in June in fasting and prayer: excepting those Presbyteries who may- 
have lately observed a fast for the same purpose. 

An application from the trustees of the Academy at Newark, to obtain the 
countenance and approbation of the Synod for a general collection through 
their bounds in behalf of said Academy, was overtured and read. The Synod 
considered the prayer of said petition, and cheerfully agree to countenance it ; 
and do recommend it to the charity of the various congregations within their 
bounds. 

The letter in answer to a letter from Geneva not being ready to be delivered 
in with the other letters on Tuesday morning, was now brought in by the 
committee appointed to prepare it, and read, and ordered to be put into the 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 421 

hands of the committee appointed to revise and correct the other Synodical 
letters. 

Adjourned to nine o'clock, to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 

23d day, nine o'clock, A. M. the Synod met according to adjournment, 
Ubi post preces sederunt qui supra. 

The committee appointed to examine into and report the management of the 
money formerly in the hands of the late Philadelphia Synod, and, in conse- 
quence of the union, belonging to the united Synod, report, that on account of 
the multiplicity of business in which Dr. Alison is involved nothing can be 
done in this affair this session. It is therefore ordered, that Mr. Treat, Mr. 
Beatty, and Mr. Sproat, be a committee to examine into and report the state 
of said money, and that they prepare an exact account in writing of the man- 
agement of said money, and lay it before the Synod at its meeting next year. 

The committee appointed to examine the books of the second Presbytery of 
Philadelphia and of the Presbytery of New Castle, brought them in, and they 
were approved. 

A proposal being made for reviving the annual collection, in order to assist 
weak and destitute places in supporting the gospel, as was agreed upon in a 
former Synod, the Synod considering that a sum of money yet remains in the 
hand of their treasurer, and that there are, or will be, several collections for 
other purposes on foot in the current year, agree to defer it till the next meet- 
ing of Synod. 

Adjourned till three o'clock this afternoon. Concluded with prayer. 

23d day, three o'clock, P. M., the Synod met according to adjournment. 
Ubi post preces sederunt qui supra. 

The consideration of appointing supplies was resumed. * 

Mr. Halsey is appointed to supply Mr. Jos. Smith's pulpit, the first, second, 
and third Sabbaths of January, and it is ordered that the New York Presby- 
tery supply his pulpit two of those Sabbaths. 

Mr. Thomas Lewis is appointed to supply Mr. Jos. Smith's pulpit the 
three first Sabbaths of December, and the New York Presbytery is ordered to 
supply his pulpit two of those Sabbaths. 

Mr. Mitchell is appointed to supply Mr. Smith's pulpit the two first Sab- 
baths of February. 

Mr. Chapman is appointed to supply Mr. Smith's pulpit the third and fourth 
Sabbaths of November. 

The letters to the foreign churches were brought in by the committee ap- 
pointed to revise them, and approved; and it was ordered, that the moderator 
sign them, and that Dr. Witherspoon take care to transmit the letter to the 
General Assembly of the Church of Scotland ; Dr. Rodgersto transmit that to the 
Church of North Holland, and Dr. Alison the letter to the Church of Geneva. 

The committee appointed to meet the corporation laid their minutes before 
the Svnod, who highly approve of their proceedings in the business commit- 
ted to their care, commend the settlement made respecting the money deposit- 
ed in the hands of the corporation by the church of Scotland, to be disposed 
of by said corporation, in conjunction with the Synod's committee, in the dis- 
posal of which they are concerned, and vote them their thanks for their fidelity 
and diligence. 

A copy of some regulations made by the corporation for the relief of poor 
and distressed Presbyterian ministers, their widows and children. 

" A committee was appointed to consider and propose some regulations for 
the admission of ministers who may come from Europe or from the neigh- 
bouring colonies and join our Synod, and who may desire to become contri- 
butors to this fund. The members of the committee last appointed, and the 
36 



422 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

other members of this board, having at this time freely and deliberately con- 
sidered this matter, have thus determined: 

" That if any minister come from a distant place and join with the Synod of 
New York and Philadelphia, and settle in any of the middle colonies, viz. 
New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Maryland, and choose to become 
a contributor to this fund, he may be admitted on the following terms, viz. 

" 1st. He shall be allowed one whole year after his arrival among us, and no 
longer, to deliberate whether he will become a contributor or not. 

" 2d. If he was ordained a minister before the fund was constituted, and be 
under forty years of age, he shall pay a sum of money equal to the sum paid 
by any minister who has chosen the same rate with him and has been a con- 
tributor from the beginning, counting the interest thereon as it would have arisen 
from year to year. 

" 3d. If he was ordained since the commencement of the fund, and under 
thirty years of age when ordained, he shall pay on his becoming a contributor 
a sum of money equal to what would have been paid by him had he been in- 
troduced into the ministry by the Synod; but if he was ordained when above 
thirty and under forty years of age, he shall pay a sum equal to what would 
have been paid by him had he been ordained at the age of thirty years. Pro- 
vided always, and on all these suppositions, that he be not in such a declining 
state of health as would render his life more precarious than might be expect- 
ed from a man of his years; of which this corporation shall be the judges. 

" 4th. But if he be above forty years of age, he shall not be admitted on any 
terms, as the corporation cannot in consistence with their trust allow him this 
privilege. 

" It was found on revising our records that several laws have been enacted re- 
specting the time when young men were to become contributors to this fund, 
which, when compared, occasioned some difficulties. To remove which for 
the time to come, it is agreed and enacted, that every young man that shall 
hereafter apply to be admitted as a contributor, shall bring a certificate from a 
Presbytery, mentioning the time of his ordination, and of his settlement in a 
congregation, and shall at the next yearly meeting of this corporation but one in 
the month of -May, after his ordination and settlement in a congregation, pay 
down one year's rate or contribution, and then entering into bonds shall be ad- 
mitted to all the privileges arising from this fund. But it shall be lawful 
for him to pay his money and become a contributor sooner if he thinks it for 
his advantage, as his family can expect no benefit unless he has paid one 
years rate, and entered into bonds. 

" The secretary is ordered to give a copy of this regulation to the moderator 
of the Synod, respecting the admission of young men as contributors to this 
fund, and to request the Synod, in the name of this corporation, to take such 
measures as they may think most proper, that every minister belonging to any 
of their Presbyteries may know these rules, and that no young man be de- 
prived of the benefit of this fund who is willing to become a contributor. 
" Enacted at a meeting of the corporation, held at the first Presbvterian church 
in this city, December 19th, 1770, and continued by adjournments. 
"A true copy. Francis Alison, Secretary."' 

Mr. William Mackey Tennent, a licensed candidate under the care of the 
Lewestown Presbytery, is appointed to supply the month of November at the 
direction of the New Castle Presbytery, and Mr. John Simpson, a licensed 
candidate belonging to the New Brunswick Presbytery, is appointed to sup- 
ply in the month of December, at the direction of said Presbytery. 

The Synod appoint the Rev. P. Alison to supply in Virginia, the Carolinas. 
and Georgia, to set off as soon as he conveniently can. 

The settlement of the committee of Synod with the corporation of the 
Widows' Fund, is as follows : 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 423 

" The corporation having laid their accounts respecting the money granted 
them by the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland before the commit- 
tee of the Synod, the committee finding it difficult to understand the propriety 
of allowing some articles in said accounts, and having conferred with the com- 
mittee of the corporation, who, on the strictest examination, exhibited this ac- 
count, they still declared that they were in some things not fully satisfied; 
therefore to end all debates, and for the sake of peace, the corporation agreed to 
make them the following proposals, though they are persuaded that the ac- 
counts exhibited to them are just and reasonable,- and such as they can on a 
just and sure foundation exhibit to the world. 

" 1st. That thirty pounds free of all deductions shall be yearly paid by the 
treasurer of the corporation to a committee of the Synod of New York and 
Philadelphia, on the 24th day of May; the first payment to commence on the 
24th of May, 1772, to be applied by them, for the uses and purposes here- 
after mentioned, and for none else ; these uses, as we apprehend, being agree- 
able to the pious intentions of the donors. 

" 2d. That in consideration of the application of said sum of thirty pounds, 
the committee of the Synod, in the name of that reverend body, do acquiesce 
in and approve of such application of the money, entrusted by the Scotch 
Church for the use of the widows' fund, and all such other pious uses as have 
been hitherto made of it by the corporation. 

"3d. That this sum of thirty pounds shall be expended by the committee of 
the Synod in assisting poor and distressed Presbyterian ministers, or their 
families ; or to pay ministers or probationers to preach the gospel to weak or 
frontier congregations in the bounds of Pennsylvania and the lower counties, 
New Jersey, and Maryland, and to assist them when weak and distressed, to 
erect places of worship, and to preach to and assist the Indians who live among 
said inhabitants or contiguous to the frontiers of said provinces. 

" 4th. The committee hereby covenant, agree, and engage to and with the 
corporation, that they shall never claim a right or power to break on the capi- 
tal whence the said thirty pounds are to arise by way of interest, nor shall the 
committee of the Synod employ it for any other uses than those above speci- 
fied, upon the pain of having it withheld or employed by the corporation in 
conjunction with the committee; but if it be found'necessary in the judgment 
of this corporation to employ the whole capital, which is considered by this 
board as equal to six hundred pounds, or any part thereof in the support of 
the widows' fund, it is hereby agreed to use it for that purpose; and if a part 
of it be so employed, the committee of the Synod shall have the disposal of 
the interest of the sum remaining at five per cent, clear of all deductions. The 
committee and corporation are by this agreement bound, never to touch said 
capital of six hundred pounds, but only and in such case, as the annuities due 
from the corporation cannot be paid without breaking on the capital as is sti- 
pulated in the thirteenth article of the agreement made between the contribu- 
tors and this corporation. And it is hereby stipulated that this agreement 
shall prevent and put an end to all debates between this corporation and the 
committee of the Synod, respecting the money entrusted to our care by the 
General Assembly of the Church of Scotland. 

" Signed in behalf of the corporation by their president, secretary, and trea- 
surer, viz: 

John Ewing, 
Francis Alison, 
William Humphreys." 

Adjourned till the third Wednesday in May next, to meet at ten o'clock in 
the second Presbyterian church in Philadelphia. Concluded with prayer. 



494 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

Philadelphia, May 20th, 1772. 

The Synod of New York and Philadelphia met according to adjournment. 
Ubi post preces sederunt, 

From the Presbytery of Donegall: The Rev. John Roan, John Strain, 
James Hunt, Robert Cooper. 

From the Presbytery of Lewestown: The Rev. John Miller, Matthew 
Wilson, Alexander Huston. 

From New Castle Presbytery: The Rev. Robert Smith, "William McKen- 
nan, Joseph Montgomery, Joseph Smith, James Finley, William Forster, 
Josiah Lewis. 

From the first Philadelphia Presbytery: The Rev. Richard Treat, James 
Sproat, John Brainerd, Andrew Hunter, James Boyd, Enoch Green, James 
Watt. 

From the second Philadelphia Presbytery: The Rev. Dr. Alison, John 
Ewing, John Simonton. 

From the New Brunswick Presbytery : The Rev. William Tennent, Elihu 
Spencer, John Rosborough. 

From the New York Presbytery: The Rev. Azariah Horton, Timothy 
Jones, Jonathan Elmer, Alexander McWhorter, James Caldwell, Joseph 
Treat, Azel Roe. 

From the Suffolk Presbytery: The Rev. William Mills. 

From the Dutchess county Presbytery: The Rev. Chauncey Graham. 

Elders: Messrs. James Pearse, George Craighead, John Bayard, John 
Wilson, William Sterrett, Joseph Wilday, John Johnston, Robert Ogden, 
Aaron Mattison, Ralph Hunt. 

Ministers absent: Donegall Presbytery: The Rev. Samuel Thompson, 
John Hogg, Amos Thompson, John Slemmons, James Long, John King, 
Hugh Vance, George Duffield, John Craighead. 

Lewestown Presbytery : The Rev. Jacob Kerr. 

New Castle Presbytery: The Rev. John Clark, Alexander McDowell, 
John Carmichael, Sampson Smith, John McCrearv, James Latta. John 
Woodhull. 

First Philadelphia Presbytery: The Rev. Nehemiah Greenman, Benjamin 
Chesnutt, Charles Beatty, Alexander Mitchell. 

Second Philadelphia Presbytery: The Rev. John Elder, Joseph Tate, 
John Steel, Patrick Alison, Robert McMordie. 

New Brunswick Presbytery: The Rev. Dr. Witherspoon. Charles Mc- 
Knight, Thomas Smith, John Guild, James Lyon, Job Prudden, Jeremiah 
Halsey, Alexander McClean, Israel Reed, John Hannah. 

New York Presbytery: The Rev. Simon Horton. Dr. Rodgers, Jacob 
Green, John Moffatt, Aaron Richards, John Dorbe, Hugh Knox, Benjamin 
Hait, Benjamin Woodruff, Thomas Lewis, Nathan Kerr. Abner Brush, Fran- 
cis Peppard, William Woodhull, Jedidiah Chapman, Samuel Sacket, Alex- 
ander Miller, Oliver Deeming, Jonathan Murdock. 

Suffolk county Presbytery: The Rev. Ebenezer Prime, Sylvanus White, 
James Brown, Samuel Buel, Benjamin Talmage. Benjamin Goldsmith, John 
Close, Elam Potter, Sampson Occum, Joshua Hart. 

Dutchess county Presbytery: The Rev. Elisha Kent, Samuel Dunlap, 
Benjamin Strong, Solomon Mead, Eliphalet Ball, Wheeler Case, Iehabod 
J^ewis, Samuel Mills. 

The whole Presbytery of Hanover. 

And the whole Presbytery of Orange in North Carolina. 

The Synod was opened by a sermon from Luke xvii. 26, by the Rev. Mr. 
McWhorter, the last year's moderator being dead. 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 425 

Mr. Joseph Treat was chosen moderator, and Messrs. Spencer and Cald- 
well clerks. 

Ordered, To read the minutes of the last Synod. 

The reasons given by Messrs. Jones, Joseph Treat, Elmore, Rosborough, 
Enoch Green, Watt, Finley, Wilson, Houston, Hunt, Mills, and Graham, 
for their absence last year, were sustained. 

The first Philadelphia Presbytery report, that the Rev. Mr. William Ram- 
sey hath been removed by death November 5th, 1771. 

The New Castle Presbytery report, that they have ordained since last 
Synod Messrs. Thomas Read, James Wilson, James Anderson, who being 
present took their seats ; and that they have deposed Mr. John Beard. 

New Brunswick Presbytery report, that they have ordained Mr. William 
Schank, and Mr. Jacob Vanarsdalen, since the last Synod, who, being present 
took their seats ; also, that they have received the Rev. Mr. Alexander Mc 
Clean, recommended to them from Scotland. 

Donegall Presbytery report, that they have ordained since last Synod, Mr 
Hugh Vance, and licensed Mr. William Tom. 

New York Presbytery report, that the Rev. Mr. John Blair hath been re 
moved by death, December 8th, 1771; and that they have ordained Mr 
Amzi Lewis since the last Synod. 

Suffolk Presbytery report, that the Rev. Mr. Nehemiah Barker was re 
moved by death, March the 10th, 1772; and that they have ordained Mr 
Joshua Hart, and licensed Mr. John Blydenburgh since last Synod. 

Second Philadelphia Presbytery report, that they have licensed to preach 
as a candidate, Mr. John McClean. 

Dutchess County report, they have licensed Mr. David Close to preach as 
a candidate; and that the Rev. Mr. John Smith was removed by death, more 
than a year ago; and have received the Rev. Mr. Benjamin Strong, from the 
Western Association of Fairfield county. 

The Rev. Messrs. Israel Read, John Elder, Joseph Tate, and John Craig- 
head, are now come, and gave sufficient reasons for not coming sooner. 
Also, Mr. Thomas Walter, Mr. Simonton's elder, Mr. Robert Finney, Mr. 
James Wilson's elder, and Mr. Philip Tanner, Mr. Finley's elder, are now 
come. 

Messrs. John Roan, Huston, Forster, Sproat, Tate, Vanarsdalen, Elmer, 
Mills, and Graham, ministers, Messrs. Philip Tanner, Mattison, George 
Craighead, and Finney, elders, are appointed the committee of overtures, to 
meet here to-morrow morning, at six o'clock, and as often afterwards, by ad- 
journment, as may be necessary. 

Messrs. Matthew Wilson and Montgomery are appointed a committee to 
examine the Presbytery book of Donegall. 

Messrs. Ewing and Sproat to examine the book of the Lewestown Pres- 
bytery. 

Messrs. McWhorter and Robert Smith to examine the book of the first 
Philadelphia Presbytery. 

Messrs. Strain and Roe to examine the book of the second Philadelphia 
Presbyter v. 

The books of the other Presbyteries are not brought to Synod. 

The Synod appoint as their commission for the ensuing year the Rev, 
Messrs. Richard Treat, James Sproat, Dr. Alison, John Ewing, Elihu Spen- 
cer, William Tennent, Dr. Rodgers, Alexander McWhorter, William Mills, 
John Close, Solomon Mead, Ichabod Lewis, Robert Smith, Joseph Montgo- 
mery, Matthew Wilson, John Miller, George Duffield, John Roan, with the 
moderator, and Robert Ogden, John Bayard, John Johnson, Aaron Mattison, 
elders, thirteen of whom to be a quorum ; but if the moderator should die, or 
36* 



426 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

be absent, tbe first in order in the minute shall have power to call the com- 
mission and preside. 

The Presbyteries of New Brunswick and Suffolk report, they have com- 
plied with the order of last Synod by endeavouring to execute the plan of the 
lay elders, &c. 

The committee appointed to dispose of money in the hands of the treasurer 
of New Jersey College, for the education of pious youth, report, that they met 
and disposed of all the money due October last, except thirteen pounds. 

Messrs. James Finley, Sampson Smith, Schank, Elam Potter, John Mc- 
Creary, fulfilled their appointments for supplies. Mr. Joseph Smith was 
sick, and could not fulfil his. 

Inquiry was made how far the several Presbyteries executed the plan re- 
commended to them last year for raising money to educate pious youth for 
the ministry ; and it appeared some Presbyteries had complied with the re- 
commendation, and others had not. It is again earnestly recommended to 
the several Presbyteries to take the most convenient and expeditious methods 
to raise money for the purposes aforesaid, and be ready to render an account 
to the next Synod what they have done. 

Adjourned till to-morrow morning, nine o'clock. Concluded with prayer. 

2\st day, nine o'clock, A. M. The Synod met according to adjourn- 
ment. Post preces sederunt qui supra, 

(With the Rev. Messrs. George Duffield, Patrick Alison, Jeremiah Hal- 
sey, John Hannah, Thomas Smith, John AVoodhull: and John Boyd, Wil- 
liam Clingan, William Patterson, James Lindsay, David Watson, elders.) 

Ordered, To read the minutes of the last sederunt. 

The Presbytery book of New Brunswick is brought in, Messrs. Jones and 
Elmer are appointed to examine it. 

Messrs. Duffield, Thomas Smith, and Hannah, their reasons for absence 
the two last years are sustained. 

Mr. Halsey is now come, and his reason for not coming sooner is sus- 
tained. 

The Synod appoint as a committee for the present year to dispose of the 
money in the hands of the treasurer of New Jersey College, for the education 
of pious youth, the Rev. Dr. Witherspoon, the Rev. Messrs. William Ten- 
nent, John Guild, Ewing, Elihu Spencer, James Caldwell, Jeremiah Halsey, 
and Israel Reed, to attend at New Jersey College the third Wednesday of 
August next. 

The Synod taking into their serious consideration the low state of vital and 
practical religion, the great prevalence of vice and infidelity in this land in 
general, and the manifold dispensations of Divine Providence which appear 
at this lime, loudly to call for her deep repentance and humiliation before God. 
do recommend it in the most earnest manner to every Presbytery under their 
care, to observe the first Thursday in August next, as a day of public fasting 
and prayer, excepting such Presbyteries, or congregations, as may find an in- 
convenience in observing that day, in which case it is recommended that they 
appoint another day for the same purpose, as thev judge convenient, hoping 
that a gracious God may hear the united supplications of his people, and re- 
turn again to visit this land with his fatherly blessings. 

And the Synod for the future recommend to their several Presbyteries to 
agree upon days to be observed annually through their bounds, for public 
thanksgiving, or fasting and prayer, as the dispensations of Divine Providence 
may require. 

The minutes of the last General Convention were laid before the Synod, 
which were read; and as the next General Convention is to meet at Eliza- 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 427 

bethtown the fourth Wednesday in September next, the Synod appoint as de- 
legates to attend upon that occasion, the Rev. Messrs. George Dufneld, 
James Hunt, John Miller, Joseph Montgomery, William Foster, John Car- 
michael, Richard Treat, James Sproat, John Brainerd, Dr. Francis Alison, 
John Ewing, Dr. John Witherspoon, William Tennent, Elihu Spencer, 
Jeremiah Halsey, Dr. John Rodgers, Alexander Mc Whorter, James Caldwell, 
Joseph Treat, AVilliam Mills, John Close, Samuel Mills, Ichabod Lewis. 

The Synod entered upon the consideration of the business and powers of 
the commission of Synod, and after considerable discourse upon the subject, 
they appointed Messrs. Ewing and Montgomery to draw up an overture, and 
lay it before the Synod on Saturday morning. 

Messrs. John Steel, Robert McMordie, and Benjamin Chesnutt, are now 
come, and their reasons for not coming sooner are sustained. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

Three o'clock, P. M. The Synod met according to adjournment. Post 
preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, To read the minutes of the last sederunt. 

The case referred to this Synod by the last, respecting marriage, came to 
be considered, and after some time spent in the affair, it was deferred till to- 
morrow morning, and Messrs. McWhorter, Strain, Matthew Wilson, and 
George Dufheld, are appointed a committee to prepare a minute on the case, 
and bring it in to-morrow morning. 

Adjourned till to-morrow morning, nine o'clock. Concluded with prayer. 

22c? day, nine o'clock, A. M. The Synod met according to adjournment. 
Post preces sederunt qui supra, 

(With the Rev. Messrs. Benjamin Woodruff, John Close, Hugh Vance, 
and John Slemmons, who gave sufficient reasons for not coming sooner; also 
Mr. Thomas Woodruff, an elder.) 

Ordered, To read the minutes of the last sederunt. 

The committee appointed yesterday upon the case respecting marriage, 
brought in a minute, which after being corrected was approved and is as 
follows : 

44 After mature deliberation, the Synod declare their great dissatisfaction 
with all such marriages as are inconsistent with the Levitical law, which in 
cases matrimonial we understand is the law of our nation, and that persons 
intermarrying in these prohibited degrees, are not only punishable by the laws 
of the country, but ought to suffer the censures of the church; and further 
judge, though the present case is not a direct violation of the express words 
of the Levitical Law, yet as it is contrary to the custom of protestant nations 
in general, and an evidence of great untenderness, and so opposite to such 
precepts of the gospel, as require Christians to avoid things of ill report and 
all appearance of evil, and what is offensive to the church, that the persons 
referred to in this instance ought to be rebuked by the church session, and 
others warned against such offensive conduct, and in case these persons sub- 
mit to such rebuke and are in other respects regular professors, that they be 
not debarred of Christian privileges." 

And Mr. Hunter is ordered to read this minute publicly in his congregation, 
where the persons live referred to in the above case. 

The Synod order every Presbytery to procure copies of the regulations and 
terms of admission into the widows' fund, entered upon our minutes last year, 
and to enter them upon their Presbytery books, and read them to every new 
member which shall be admitted into the Presbytery. 

The Synod appoint for their committee to dispose of money in the hands 



428 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

of the corporation for the widows' fund, Messrs. Spencer, McWhorter, Mont- 
gomery, Sproat, and Caldwell, to meet when and at such times as they may 
judge convenient. 

Mr. Brainerd's Indian school appears to have been successfully continued 
since our last Synod, six months, for which it is agreed to allow him fifteen 
pounds. And we further desire him to continue the school this year at the 
expense of the Synod, and we appoint Messrs. Spencer, Hunter, and Green, 
to visit the school twice before next Synod, or oftener if convenient. 

It appeared also to the Synod, that Mr. Brainerd had very fully complied 
with the order of last Synod in supplying the numerous vacancies in his 
neighbourhood, therefore the treasurer, agreeably to the order of last year, is 
directed to pay him twenty pounds. Ordered also, that Mr. Brainerd receive 
for the ensuing year the sum of eighteen pounds, being the interest of the 
money in the hands of the treasurer of the College of New Jersey for the sup- 
port of an Indian mission. 

The Synod finding the money collected some years ago for defraying the 
expense attending the missions appointed on our frontiers, is nearly expended, 
agree to have a collection this year through their bounds upon the same plan 
with the former. And as it is judged it might be useful to extend this public 
charity to purchase such religious books as the Synod may approve of, to be 
given to poor congregations; the following members are appointed to consider 
this matter, and bring in an overture to be subjected to the Synod as soon as 
they conveniently can, viz: Messrs. McWhorter, Montgomery, and Ogden. 

Mr. George Brown, Mr. Dufheld's elder, is now come. 

Ordered, That the several Presbyteries be ready on Monday morning to 
render an account of subscriptions obtained for New Jersey college, agreeably 
to the order of last year. 

The minutes were called for from the committee of overtures. 

A petition was presented from Mr. Samuel Eakin, praying to have the sus- 
pension from the exercise of his ministry, which was laid upon him by the 
last Synod, taken off. The consideration of the petition is deferred till the 
afternoon. 

Adjourned till three o'clock. Concluded with payer. 

Three o'clock, P. M. The Synod met according to adjournment. Ubi 

post preces sederunt qui supra, 
(With Dr. Witherspoon and Mr. Alexander McDowell.) 
The consideration of Mr. Eakin's petition was resumed, and after muck 
deliberation upon it, and every member being required to speak in the order 
of the roll, the final discussion of it was deferred till to-morrow morning- 
Adjourned till to-morrow morning nine o'clock. Concluded wi;h prayer. 

23d day, nine o'clock. The Synod met according to adjournment. Pc> 
preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, To read the minutes of the last sederunt. 

Messrs. Ewing and Montgomery, agreeably to order, brought in an overture 
to slate the business and powers of the commission of Synod, which was con- 
sidered, and upon a vote was rejected. 

The consideration of Mr. Eakin* s petition resumed; and after mature deli- 
beration, it was voted and carried by a large majority, that he should be re- 
stored to the work of the ministry for one year, under the particular care of 
the New Castle Presbytery; and Mr. McDowell is appointed to give him a 
solemn exhortation with respect to his future conduct. 

Mr. Eakin was called in, and having received the exhortation, takes his seat 
as a member of Synod. 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 429 

The treasurer for the Synod laid his accounts before us, which were ap- 
proved, and there appeared to be a balance in his hands of forty one punds, 
thirteen shillings and eleven pence half penny, and he is ordered to print two- 
hundred copies of said account. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

Three o'clock, P. M. the Synod met according to adjournment. Post 
preces sederunt qui supra, 

(Except Messrs. Craighead, Matthew Wilson, Joseph Smith, Anderson, 
Latta, Richard Treat, Boyd, Spencer, Woodruff, and Mills, with the mode- 
rator, who had leave of absence, and Mr. McWhorter was desired to take the 
chair.) 

Ordered, To read the minutes of the last sederunt. 

A petition came in by the committe of overtures from Mr. John Beard, 
praying a relief from the judgment of the New Castle Presbytery, whereby 
he was deposed from the exercise of the gospel ministry, in which he desires 
the Synod would consider the matter, though he cannot be present. Mr. 
Beard's petition and other papers which he desired to be communicated were 
read, also the minutes of the Presbytery, respecting his trial; and after hear- 
ing the Presbytery, and duly considering the petition, we do unanimously 
approve of the judgment of the Presbytery. 

A reference from the Presbytery of New Castle inquiring whether marry- 
ing by license be lawful, was brought in and read, which was dismissed. 

Adjourned till nine o'clock, Monday morninig. Concluded with prayer. 

25th day, nine o'clock. The Synod met according to adjournment. 
Post preces sederunt qui supra, 

(With the Rev. Jacob Kerr, who is now come and gave reasons, which 
were sustained, for not coming sooner, and for his absence for several years 
past.) 

Ordered, To read the minutes of the last sederunt. 

The committee appointed last Friday to draw up an overture with respect 
to the general collection and the distribution of books, brought one in, which 
after correction is as follows : 

" 1. That the Synod recommend a general collection in all the churches 
under their care. 

"2. That the Synod write a pastoral letter, in which they shall return 
thanks to their several congregations for their former generosity, and solicit 
their future favours. 

"3. That the Synod particularly desire the charity of the public for those 
purposes, viz : For defraying the expenses of sending missionaries to the fron- 
tiers, and such other places as are unable to support the gospel; for purchasing 
useful books to distribute in said places under the direction of committees to 
be appointed for that purpose ; For propagating Christian knowledge among 
the Indians; and for such other pious uses as may occur from time to time." 

The following books were proposed and agreed to be procured and distri- 
buted, viz : Bibles, Westminster Confessions of Faith, small edition of Vin- 
cent's Catechism, Doddridge's Rise and Progress of Religion, A Compassion- 
ate Address to the Christian World, Allein's Alarm to the Unconverted, Dr. 
Watts's Divine Songs for Children, and the Assembly's Catechism. 

And for the purpose of procuring and distributing those books we appoint 
for a committee at Philadelphia, Dr. Alison, Mr. Sproat, Mr. Montgomery, 
Mr. Bayard, and Mr. Jonathan Smith; and at New York, Dr. Rodgers, Mr. 
Treat, Mr. McWhorter, Mr. Caldwell, Mr. V. B. Livingston, and Mr. Ro- 
bert Ogden. And the committees are restricted not to lay out this year above 



430 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

ten pounds pro. currency each for the purposes aforesaid. But if any well 
disposed persons will send the committees books or pamphlets which they 
judge will answer the intention of the Synod to promote Christian knowledge, 
they are desired to distribute these also. 

The committee then laid before us the draught of a pastoral letter, which, 
as corrected, was approved, and is as follows : 

" Dearly Beloved — We take this method in our public capacity as con- 
vened in the general Synod, to return you our thanks for the readiness with 
which you concurred in our application to you in the year 1766, for the pious 
purposes then mentioned, and we trust the accounts we have from time to time 
transmitted to you of the manner in which your contributions were laid out, 
and the salutary effects which arose from the distribution of them, have not 
failed of giving you due satisfaction. These contributions being nearly ex- 
pended, we again solicit your charity, not only for the important purposes be- 
fore mentioned, but for the further design of purchasing and distributing reli- 
gious books in such places, and among such people, as are destitute of the or- 
dinary means of instruction by the regular preaching of the gospel. We ap- 
prehend little need be said to recommend this last object to your countenance. 
The success which hath attended schemes of the same kind for spreading 
Christian knowledge in other parts of the w 7 orld, and the very peculiar state of 
some parts of our country and the poor people under our care, render this un- 
dertaking at the present juncture both promising and necessary. 

" We think it our duty, at the same time, to call upon you to bewail the de- 
clension of vital religion ; and while Ave remind you of your many civil and re- 
ligious privileges — of the blessings of peace and ample security in the posses- 
sion of all the sacred rights of conscience, together with the faithful ministry 
of the gospel, which you have long enjoyed, we earnestly pray that you would 
not provoke God to deprive you of them, but to take warning by the judg- 
ments which he inflicted upon his unfruitful churches of Asia, Africa, and 
Rome, lest he remove your candlesticks out of their places. We therefore re- 
commend to you frequent and fervent addresses to the throne of Almighty 
God for the Holy Spirit to be sent down upon his churches. This alone will 
lead you in the way of truth and life, and render our labours for your comfort 
and edification effectual. 

" We recommend likewise a steadfast regard to the pure and simple doc- 
trines of the gospel, which have been the powerful means in all ages of en- 
lightening and reforming the world. And therefore we earnestly beseech you 
not to be carried away by any opinions, however specious, which are not 
founded upon the Scriptures, but in all things which relate to doctrine and prac- 
tice to be strictly guided by those sacred oracles of truth. 

"We recommend further, that you would cultivate that spirit of love and 
Christian union among one another which is so frequently enjoined by the 
gospel of our Lord Jesus Christ, that it may appear to the world diat you are 
not only one body, but of one mind. We exhort you in a particular man- 
ner to diligence and faithfulness in instructing your children and servants in 
the doctrine of the Holy Scriptures, an excellent summary of which is con- 
tained in the Westminster Confession of Faith larger and lesser catechisms. 

" In the last place, we recommend to you a punctual attendance upon oil the 
public ordinances of religion, and earnestly request that you would strive to 
promote that regard for the Sabbath — that reverence for the holy name of 
God — that temperance, sobriety, chastity, charity, humility, decency, and 
universal benevolence and love, which are so essential to Christianity, and so 
strongly inculcated in every part of the word of God. Finally, brethren, pray 
for us, be perfect, be of good comfort, be of one mind, live in peace, and the 
God of love and peace shall be with you.'' 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 43 \ 

Mr. Montgomery is desired to have three hundred copies of this letter 
printed and given to the several Presbyteries before the Synod breaks up. 

Mrs. Jane Tennent brought in an appeal from the judgment of the first 
Philadelphia Presbytery, which was read, and after hearing her and the Pres- 
bytery the Synod confirm the judgment of the Presbytery. And further judere, 
that however deficient the certificate was which was given to the said Mrs. 
Tennent by the session of the second Presbyterian Church in Philadelphia, 
yet if she produces sufficient certificates from the other places where she has 
resided since her marriage with the Rev. Mr. Charles Tennent, at which time 
she removed from the church in Philadelphia, that then she may be received 
into communion with the church where she resides. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

Three o'clock, P. M. The Synod met according to adjournment. Post 
preces sederunt qui supra, 

With the members who had leave of absence on Saturday last, who are now 
returned, and Mr. Treat a^ain took the chair. 

Ordered, To read the minutes of the last sederunt. 

Mr. Robert Finney and William Clingan have leave of absence. 

An appeal was brought in by the third Presbyterian Church in Philadel- 
phia from a judgment of the second Philadelphia Presbytery, which, with the 
judgment of the Presbytery, were read, and after the Presbytery was heard 
in part, 

Adjourned till to-morrow morning nine o'clock. Concluded with prayer. 

2Qth day, nine o'clock, the Synod met according to adjournment. Post 

preces, sederunt qui supra. 
Ordered, To read the minutes of the last sederunt. 
Ordered, To proceed in hearing the appeal entered upon yesterday. 
The Presbytery proceeded further in the defence of their judgment, and af- 
ter both parties were fully heard, the Synod adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. 
Concluded with prayer. 

Three o'clock, P. M. the Synod met according to adjournment. Post 
preces, sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, To read the minutes of last sederunt. 

The consideration of the appeal resumed; and after much deliberation upon 
the subject it was voted affirm or reverse the judgment of the Presbytery, and 
it was carried reverse, by a large majority. 

Mr. McDowell, Mr. Matthew Wilson", Mr. Miller, and Mr. Latta, desired 
liberty to enter their dissent from the judgment, which was granted, and they 
are to brin<r in their reasons to-morrow morning. It was then voted, whether 
the third Presbyterian congregation of Philadelphia have liberty to prosecute 
their call for Mr. Duffield, "before the Presbytery of Donegall, which was car- 
ried by a large majority that they have. 

Mr. Chauncy Graham and Mr. Eakin have liberty to go home. 

Adjourned till to-morrow morning at nine o'clock. 

Concluded with prayer. 

27th day, nine o'clock, the Synod met according to adjournment, Post 

preces sederunt qui supra. 
With the Rev. Mr. Charles McKnight, who gave sufficient reasons for not 
coming sooner. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

An appeal was brought in by the congregation of St. George's and the For- 



432 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

est from a judgment of the Presbytery of New Castle, August last, which af- 
fected said congregations. After the parties were fully heard, and withdrawn, 
and the Synod had maturely deliberated upon the affair, it was moved that a 
committee be appointed to draw up a minute to express the sense of the Sy- 
nod relative to the whole matter. It was also moved that it be voted, re- 
verse or affirm the judgment of the Presbytery. The previous question was 
then put, which of these should be the state of the vote, and the former was 
carried, and accordingly Mr. Miller, Mr. McWhorter, and Mr. Bayard, were 
appointed a committee for that purpose. 

Adjourned till three o'clock. Concluded with prayer. 

Three o'clock, P. M. the Synod met according to adjournment. Post 
preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, To read the minutes of the last sederunt. 

Petitions were presented for supplies; one in behalf of Long Canes, Rocky 
Creek, and places adjacent, in South Carolina; another from the inhabitants 
near Monongahela and Youghiogeny; another from the Forks of James River, 
Virginia, and one from the head of Christina Creek, for supplies in the ab- 
sence of Mr. McCreary, who was sent to Carolina by the Synod, and by sick- 
ness is prevented returning. 

Mr. George Craighead had leave to go home. 

A call was put into the Synod from the Long Canes, for Mr. Joseph Smith, 
which was given to the Presbytery of New Castle, to present to him. 

Mr. Elmer was proposed for the southern mission, and he chose to consi- 
der of it till to-morrow. 

The Presbytery of Donegall are appointed to send either Mr. Craighead, 
or Mr. King, to Monongahela, and places adjacent, to supply as long as they 
conveniently can. 

Mr. Robert McMordie is appointed to Virginia, and the Carolinas, for six 
months. 

The Presbytery of New Castle inform the Synod, it is probable they will 
have a candidate this summer, who they think may conveniently spend some 
time at Monongahela, and places adjacent, and the forks of James' River. 
The Presbytery is ordered, if that should be the case, to send him to those 
places. 

Mr. Sampson Smith is appointed to supply two months on the South 
Branch of Potomac. 

The Presbytery of New Castle are directed to appoint the above candidate 
two months at the forks of James' River. 

The first Philadelphia Presbytery inform us, it is probable they will have 
two candidates whom they can send this summer to Virginia and the Caro- 
linas. The Presbytery is ordered, accordingly, to send them as soon as they 
judge it expedient. 

The Rev. Joshua Hart, of Suffolk Presbytery, is appointed to Virginia 
and the Carolinas, for six months, and as much longer as he can convenientlv. 

A remonstrance from the first Presbyterian Church in Philadelphia, relat- 
ing to the judgment of the Synod passed yesterday nrith respect to the appeal 
from the third Presbyterian Church, was brought 1 i and read, and ordered a 
second reading to-morrow morning. 

A petition was presented by Mr. Robert Taylor, signed by sundry mem- 
bers of Cedar Spring and Tuscarora congregations praying that those con- 
gregations should be set off from under the care o tonegall Presbytery, and 
put under some other. And after due consideration he prayer of the petition 
was denied, by a nearly unanimous vote. 

Adjourned till to-morrow morning, nine o'clock Concluded with prayer. 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 433 

28th day, nine o'clock. The Synod met according to adjournment. 
Post preces sederunt qui supra, 

(Except Mr. Schank, who went home without asking liberty.) 

Ordered, To read the minutes of last sederunt. 

Mr. Elmer informs the Synod he is still unable to determine with any cer- 
tainty whether he can undertake the southern mission, but engages to go if 
he can make it convenient, and he is accordingly appointed if that should be 
the case. 

Messrs. McDowell, Matthew Wilson, and Latta, brought in the reasons of 
their dissent from the judgment, with respect to the third Presbyterian Church 
in this city, which are as follows: 

" We enter our dissent from the two votes of the Synod reversing the judg- 
ment of the second Presbytery of Philadelphia, and giving a liberty to the 
people, who call themselves the congregation of Pine-street, to prosecute a 
call in the Presbytery of Donegall, for these reasons following among others: 

" 1. Because we apprehend that a vote forwarding a call to any minister of 
the gospel, without any concurrence of the eldership, and much more in op- 
position to their solemn caution, a call that was voted when not half the peo- 
ple of Pine-street were present, the session, and others, in the mean time ob- 
jecting against it, is indeed among us a new mode of proceeding, that might 
introduce a dangerous precedent, and cause anarchy and confusion, and occa- 
sion endless appeals from turbulent and factious parties and persons. 

"2. Because the votes referred to, though in appearance against the judg- 
ment of Presbytery only, yet take in and decide the cause of the commis- 
sioners of Market-street congregation, without giving them a fair hearing, 
contrary to assurance from the Synod. 

" 3. Because these votes do, as far as the Synod could, destroy a solemn 
and express stipulation, entered in the united congregation of Market and 
Pine street, first proposed by their own committee, as appears by their records 
before us, then prepared with deliberation, and publicly read in, and approved 
by, the congregation convened for that purpose, on notice from the pulpit, 
which stipulation, whatever was pretended to the contrary, must either have 
been the first, and authentic, or superseded whatever was before it. This authen- 
tic contract, we apprehend, it is not in the power of the Synod either to dispense 
with, or violate. This strange judgment seemed to be chiefly founded on the 
erroneous supposition that the stipulations gave one society domination over 
the other, whereas it appears to be agreed that the ministers of both houses 
should preach in rotation, and be equally chosen by a majority of both. 

" 4. Because these votes are directly the reverse of what the Synod judged 
in a similar case of New Castle and Christina congregations, where the diffi- 
culties were not so great as in the present case, which we think appears evi- 
dently partial. 

" 5. Because the votes referred to were hurried on precipitately, and in a 
way not usual here, occasioning some confusion, and plainly calculated to 
stop further reasoning, when the greater part of the members were not heard 
on the subject. 

"6. Finally, because these votes which we dissent from, carried in such a 
manner, evidently tend to injure the civil property of the people of Market- 
street; to take away their house, which they evidently begun and carried on 
at a vast expense, without any reparation, or otherwise force them into law- 
suits, kindle the flames of discord, and unnecessarily destroy the peace of the 
Presbyterian churches in this city. 

Alexander McDowell, 
Matthew Wilson, 
James Latta." 
37 



434 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

And Dr. Witherspoon and Mr. Richard Treat are appointed a committee to 
consider those reasons, and if thought necessary to draw up an answer to 
them, to be laid before the Synod. 

In a reference to the above paper of reasons of dissent, the Synod observe 
that although their brethren, who signed that paper, have a right to offer their 
own reasons in their own words, yet the Synod does claim it as their privilege 
to say, that the brethren have proceeded upon a mistaken view of facts, and 
have misrepresented the same, particularly in respect to the dissolving solemn 
contracts, and determining civil property, both which the Synod disavow, and 
do think there is no need of any further remark thereupon. 

The Presbytery book of Levvestown was revised and approved. 

The Presbytery of New Brunswick inform the Synod they have two can- 
didates, Mr. Simpson and Mr. Wallace, who probably can go to Virginia and 
the Carolinas, in the fall. The Synod accordingly appoint these candidates 
to supply six months, and as much more as they can conveniently. 

Mr. Simonton has leave to go home. 

The several Presbyteries were called to render an account agreeably to 
the order of last year, of the subscriptions for the New Jersey College, and 
Mr. Halsey was appointed to receive their reports ; but finding only Donegall 
and New Brunswick Presbyteries were prepared to render them, the others 
are directed to send explicit accounts, according to the order of last year, to 
Mr. Halsey before September next, that he may lay the whole account be- 
fore the trustees of said college. 

The committee appointed yesterday morning to draw up a minute with 
respect to the appeal of the Forest congregation from a judgment of the New 
Castle Presbytery brought in the following, which, as amended, was ap- 
proved, and is as follows: 

"The Synod judge that the Forest congregation have an undoubted right 
to a copy of whatever papers relate to their congregational affairs, as united 
with St. George's ; that it is reasonable the people of St. George's should ad- 
just the accounts respecting the glebe money, with the Forest congregation, 
let them know their dividend thereof, according to the line mentioned in their 
subscription paper, and allow them their share of all the advantages that have 
accrued from their common stock, in proportion to their subscriptions ; never- 
theless the money to continue in the hands of the present trustees until the 
Forest congregation are erected into a separate society, and have a minister 
settled among them ; that the Forest people complete the line as agreed to 
between them and St. George's; that as there are yet some of the Forest peo- 
ple who still pay rent for pews at St. George's, it is but equitable that the 
members of the latter, possessing pews in the Forest church, should do the 
same there, in order that the Forest people may be able to ascertain what pro- 
portion they should have of a minister's labours among them, while they con- 
tinue united with St. George's. And if there arise any dispute about civil 
property, the Synod recommend it to them to choose suitable arbiters to settle 
the same between them. Upon the w T hole, the Synod do earnestly recom- 
mend that they should all cultivate the strictest harmony with each other, and 
study the things that make for peace and tend to promote their mutual edi- 
fication." 

The remonstrance of the first Presbyterian church in this city, was read a 
second time, and the committee who brought it in were heard, and after some 
time and discourse they reduced to writing their request, which is as follows : 

" The members of Market street church being informed that the reverend 
Synod have been pleased to reverse a late judgment of the Presbytery relating 
to the call of the Rev. Mr. Dufheld to their church in Pine street, by which 
they are like to be affected in some of their most important interests, desire a 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 435 

clear and explicit answer in writing to the following questions: First, whether 
they are to understand the judgment of the Reverend Synod, touching this 
matter, to be final, and whether the members of said church are hereby pre- 
cluded from any further hearing in it. Second question, whether the call of 
the Rev. Mr. Duffield is to their church in Pine street as a minister to officiate 
in that house, and whether the Reverend Synod approve of his being called to 
officiate there." 

After these questions were duly considered, the following answer was 
voted : 

" Gentlemen : I am ordered by the Synod to signify that they reckon their 
minutes a sufficient answer to both the within questions, and they recommend 
to both parties if they have any disputes upon temporal property, not to go to 
law but to refer their differences to the decision of arbiters mutually chosen. 

" Signed by the clerk." 

Adjourned till three o'clock P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

Three o'clock. The Synod met according to adjournment. Post preces 
sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, To read the minutes of last sederunt. 

The Presbytery of Donegall expressing some uneasiness with the late con- 
duct of the second Philadelphia Presbytery respecting Mr. Kennedy, the 
Synod agreed to hear the cause by way of free conference, and all parties 
having been fully heard, they came to the following conclusion. 

That as Mr. Kennedy was not under the particular care of any Presbytery 
when he came into the bounds of Donegall Presbytery, he ought while he 
preached there to have been under their care, and accountable to them for his 
conduct; that the uneasiness with the conduct of the second Philadelphia 
Presbytery, arose for want of a proper information concerning it, and that Mr. 
Kennedy be ordered to put himself immediately under the care of the Done- 
gall Presbytery until they shall have proper time to hear and determine any 
complaints made against him in those parts. 

The Presbytery of New Castle expressing some uneasiness at the conduct 
of the second Philadelphia Presbytery for having received and licensed a cer- 
tain Mr. John McClean, who they apprehend most properly belonged to the 
Presbytery of New Castle, and had applied to them to be licensed; and while 
they were taking the proper steps for obtaining more full satisfaction concern- 
ing his church membership and Christian character, he, in the mean time, re- 
moved from them and applied to the second Philadelphia Presbytery, and was 
licensed bv them ; both the Presbyteries were fully heard in a free conference 
on this subject and withdrew. The Synod, after mature deliberation, order 
Mr. McClean to be cited before the Presbytery of New Castle, with power to 
them to hear the charges against him and issue the affair in a regular manner, 
and report to the next meeting of Synod. And the Synod do prohibit the 
second Philadelphia Presbytery from employing him to preach till the affair 
shall be concluded. . , 

A petition from the members of the session of the third Presbyterian church 
in this city, asking advice of this Synod with respect to the execution of their 
office, in consequence of the judgment of the Synod respecting that church. 
After it was duly considered they returned the following answer, viz: The 
Synod advise them to continue to act as elders, but in case they cannot con- 
sistently, with what they apprehend to be their duty, continue as such, and 
act upon the decisions of Synod, that they may resign their office, and the 
congregation proceed to choose other elders who may have freedom to act 
according to the determinations of the Synod. 



436 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

In answer to the petition for supplies from Christiana and White Clay 
creek, we appoint to supply there Dr. Alison the first Sabbath in June, Mr. 
Hunter the third; Mr. Thomas Reed the first Sabbath in July, Mr. Simonton 
the third ; Mr. Green the first Sabbath in August, Mr. Boyd the third, and 
Mr. John Simpson the fifth. 

Overtured, whether the state of the Presbyteries belonging to this Synod is 
such as contributes most to the interest of religion and the honour of this 
body. Deferred till next year. 

Liberty was asked for ordaining Mr. Daniel Jones, whose state of health 
seems to make it necessary he should take a voyage to sea; this was referred 
to the Presbytery to which he belongs. 

Answers to several questions proposed by a committee of the Synod to the 
Associate Presbytery were brought in; but as the Synod had not time to read 
them they refer the consideration of them to the following committee, Dr. 
Witherspoon, Dr. Rodgers, Messrs. McWhorter, Joseph Treat, William 
Mills, Caldwell, and Halsey, who are to meet the sixteenth of June at Eliza- 
beth town. 

Mr. Sproat is appointed stated clerk to the Synod, to transcribe the minutes 
and preserve the papers belonging to it, who is ordered to give proper certifi- 
cates to those appointed upon distant missions. 

Adjourned till the third Wednesday of May next, to meet in the first Pres- 
byterian church in this city at ten o'clock, A. M. 

Concluded with prayer. 

Philadelphia, May 19th, 1773. 

The Synod of New York and Philadelphia met according to adjournment. 
Ubi post preces sederunt, 

From the Dutchess county Presbytery: The Rev. Ichabod Lewis. 

From the Presbytery of New York: The Rev. Azariah Horton, Alexander 
McWhorter, James Caldwell, Joseph Treat, Aaron Richards, Benjamin Hait, 
Jonathan Murdock, Dr. Rodgers. 

From the Presbytery of New Brunswick : The Rev. Elihu Spencer, Jere- 
miah Halsey, William Schanck, Jacob Vanarsdalen, and Dr. Witherspoon. 

From the first Philadelphia Presbytery : The Rev. Richard Treat, James 
Sproat, John Brainerd, Andrew Hunter, James Boyd, James Watt, Benjamin 
Chesnutt, Alexander Mitchell. 

From the second Philadelphia Presbytery : Dr. Alison, and the Rev. John 
Ewing, John Simonton, John Elder, Joseph Tate, and Patrick Alison. 

From the New Castle Presbytery: The Rev. Joseph Montgomery. Wil- 
liam Foster, James Wilson, James Anderson, Samuel Eakin, John Carmichael 
James Latta. 

From the Lewestown Presbytery: The Rev. John Miller. 

From the Donegall Presbytery : The Rev. John Roan, John Strain, John 
Craighead, Hugh Vance, Robert Cooper, John King. 

Elders: Messrs. James Edgar, Thomas Beard, William Clark, Matthias 
Boyd, George Curry, Benjamin Branon, John McCalla, Thomas Reeve. 
Abraham Vanmiddles worth, John Johnson, James Jackson, William Pear- 
tree Smith, Esq'r. Thomas Waters, Garret Noel, John Smilie. 

Ministers absent: Of Dutchess county Presbytery: The Rev. Chancey 
Graham, Elisha Kent, Samuel Dunlap, Benjamin Strong, Solomon Mead, 
Eliphalet Ball, Wheeler Case, and Samuel Mills. 

Of New York Presbytery: The Rev. Timothy Jones, Jonathan Elmer. 
Azel Roe, Benjamin Woodruff, Simon Horton, Jacob Green, John Moffat. 
Hugh Knox, Thomas Lewis, Nathan Kerr, Abner Brush, William Wood* 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 437 

hull, Jedidiah Chapman, Samuel Sacket, Alexander Miller, Oliver Deeming, 
Amzi Lewis. 

Of New Brunswick Presbytery: The Rev. William Tennent, John Ros- 
borough, Israel Reed, John Hannah, Thomas Smith, Charles McKnight, John 
Guild, James Lyon, Job Prudden, Francis Peppard. 

Of first Philadelphia Presbytery: The Rev. Enoch Green, Nehemiah 
Greenman. 

Of second Philadelphia Presbytery: The Rev. Robert McMordie and John 
Steel. 

Of New Castle Presbytery: The Rev. Robert Smith, William McCannon, 
Joseph Smith, James Finley, Josiah Lewis, Thomas Reed, John Woodhull, 
Alexander McDowell, John Clark, Sampsom Smith, John McCreary. 

Of Lewestown Presbytery : The Rev. Matthew Wilson, Alexander Huston, 
Jacob Kerr. 

Of Donegall Presbytery: The Rev. James Hunt, John Slemmons, Samuel 
Thomson, John Hogg, Amos Thomson, James Long. 

Absent, the whole Presbyteries of Hanover, Orange, and Suffolk counties. 

The Rev. Mr. Joseph Treat opened the Synod by a sermon from 1 Cor. 
iv. 2. 

Mr. Sproat was chosen moderator, Messrs. Spencer and Caldwell clerks. 

Ordered, To read the minutes of the last Synod. 

Dutchess county Presbytery report, that they have ordained Mr. David 
Close since the last Synod. 

New York Presbytery report, Mr. John Dorbe has withdrawn from their 
Presbytery. 

New Brunswick Presbytery report, they have licensed Mr. Caleb Wallace 
to preach as a candidate; and that Mr. Alexander McClane is dismissed from 
them and removed from the bounds of the Synod. 

First Philadelphia Presbytery report, the Rev. Mr. Charles Beatty was re- 
moved by death on the thirteenth of August last, and that they have licensed 
to preach as candidates Mr. Daniel McCalla and Mr. William Hollingshead. 

The Second Philadelphia Presbytery report, they have received the Rev. 
Mr. Hugh McGill from Ireland. But it being objected that he was suspended 
from his ministry in Ireland by the Associate Presbytery, of which he had 
been a minister, which was confessed by himself; and the second Philadel- 
phia Presbytery not appearing to us to have had sufficient evidence of the 
grounds of that suspension, thus virtually to reverse it, nor otherwise to have 
received satisfactory testimonials in his favour, the Synod therefore reverse that 
part of the judgment of the Presbytery by which he was received. 

New Castle Presbytery report, they have licensed Messrs. Samuel Stan- 
hope Smith, Nathaniel Irwin, Robert Davidson, Samuel Dougal, and James 
Power. 

Donegall Presbytery report, they have ordained Mr. William Thorn and 
licensed & Mr. Thomas McFerrin, and received the Rev. Mr. Robert Huey from 
the Presbvtery of Derry in Ireland, and the Rev. Messrs. David Macluer and 
Levi Frisby from New England. But it appearing to the Synod that these 
two last mentioned were under the direction of the board of correspondents 
from the society of Scotland and appointed to an Indian Mission, and are not 
dismissed from* the ecclesiastical council by which they were ordained in New 
England, the Synod reverse the judgment of the Presbytery receiving them 
into full membership, but approve of their taking them under their care while 
they are labouring occasionally in the bounds of the Presbytery, 

Adjourned till to-morrow morning at nine o'clock. 

Concluded with prayer. 
37* 



438 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

20th day, nine o'clock, the Synod met according to adjournment. Post 

preces sederunt qui supra, 
(With Robert Smith, Charles McKnight, John Slemmons, Joseph Smith, 
ministers; And Mr. Robert Armour, elder.) 

Ordered, To read the minutes of the last sederunt. 
Ordered, To proceed in reading the minutes of the Synod last year. 
It was moved that the dismission or reception of members and candidates 
be made matter of report by our several Presbyteries, which was agreed to. 

In consequence of which the Presbytery of New York report, they had 
dismissed Mr. Francis Peppard to the Presbytery of New Brunswick, and the 
Presbytery of New Brunswick report, they have received him. and that they 
have dismissed Mr. Caleb Wallace to join one of the southern Presbyteries in 
the bounds of which he may labour. 

The Presbytery of Donegall report, they have dismissed Mr. George Duf- 
field, who had accepted a call to a congregation under the care of the second 
Philadelphia Presbytery. 

The Rev. Mr. William Stuart produced a certificate and recommendation 
from the Presbytery of Deny in Ireland, of which he had been a member, 
and as he proposes to travel to the southern provinces, he desired the Synod 
would give him such recommendation as they might judge expedient, without 
his being considered as a member, which he does not yet choose till he can 
determine the place of his settlement. 

Dr. Witherspoon, Mr. Miller. Mr. Latta, and Dr. Rodgers, are appointed 
to converse with Mr. Stuart and make report to the Synod. 

Messrs. Lewis. Hait, Joseph Treat. Richards, Halsey, McKnight, Hunter, 
Chesnutt, Patrick Alison, Simonton, Forster, Latta, Miller. Roan, Craighead, 
William Clark, James Jackson, and John McCalla, are appointed a com- 
mittee of overtures, to meet here to morrow morning at six o'clock, and as 
often afterwards by adjournment as they may judge expedient. 

Mr. Montgomery and Mr. Patrick Alison are appointed a committee to 
examine the New York Presbytery book. 

Dr. Rodgers and Mr. Robert Smith to examine the Presbytery book of 
New Brunswick. 

Mr. Ewing and Mr. Tate to examine the book of the first Philadelphia 
Presbytery. 

Mr. Joseph Treat and Air. Forster 10 examine the second Philadelphia 
Presbytery book. 

Mr. Cooper and Mr. King to examine the Presbyrery book of New 
Castle. 

The other Presbytery books are not brought in. 

The Synod appoint as their commission for the ensuing year, the Rev. 
Messrs. Richard Treat. Dr. Alison. John Ewincr. Elihu Spencer, William 
Tennent, Dr. Rodgers, Alexander McWhorter, William Mills, John Close. 
Solomon Mead, Ichahod Lewis. Robert Smith. Joseph Montgomery, Mat- 
thew Wilson, John Miller, George Durneld, John Roan, with the moderator; 
and Messrs. William Peartree Smith. John McCalla. Garret Noel, John 
Johnson, James Jackson, and William Clark, elders; thirteen of whom to be 
a quorum, to be called by the moderator; but if the moderator should die, or 
be absent, the first in order in the minute shall have power to call the com- 
mission and preside. 

Inquiry being made at the several Presbyieries, how far they had complied 
with the recommendation of the Synod in raising Money for the education of 
poor pious youth, and it was found the Presbvteries of New Y'ork, New- 
Brunswick, and the members of the second Philadelphia Presbytery, had 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 439 

complied fully, and had several young men at education ; some of the other 
Presbyteries have done something, but have not answered the design of the 
Synod. They are now ordered to prosecute this important plan, as speedily 
as possible, and be ready to make a particular report to the next Synod. 

The committee appointed to dispose of money in the hands of the treasurer 
of the College of New Jersey, for poor and pious youth, report, they met 
according to appointment, and disposed of the money in hand last year. And 
the Synod appoint for a committee to dispose of such money as shall be due 
October next, Dr. Witherspoon, Messrs. Tennent, Guild, Ewing, Spencer, 
Caldwell, Halsey, Richard Treat, Israel Read, McWhorter, any three of 
whom to be a quorum, to attend at New Jersey College the third Wednesday 
of August next. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

Three o'clock, P. M. The Synod met according to adjournment. Post 
preces, sederunt qui supra, 

(With Messrs. Matthew Wilson, William Thorn, Alexander McDowell, 
and Robert Huey, ministers; and Messrs. William Denny, and Anthony Tate, 
elders.) 

Ordered, To read the minutes of the last sederunt. 

Ordered, To proceed in reading the minutes of last Synod. 

The Presbytery of Donegall complied with the appointment of last year, 
to supply Monongahela. The Presbytery of New Castle did the same. 

Mr. McMordie complied with his appointment and went to Carolina. 

The first Presbytery of Philadelphia found it inexpedient to send the can- 
didates ta Carolina, which they mentioned last year. 

Mr. Joshua Hart, of Suffolk Presbytery, did not comply with the appoint- 
ment of the Synod last year to go to Carolina. 

Mr. Schank gave sufficient reasons for leaving the Synod last year without 
leave. 

Mr. Elmer did not comply with the appointment of Synod last year. 

Mr. Simpson complied with the appointment of the last Synod, and sup- 
plied seven months in the southern provinces. 

Mr. Wallace was providentially prevented going according to his appoint- 
ment. 

Mr. John McClean did not attend the Presbytery of New Castle according 
to the appointment of last Synod, to answer the charges exhibited against his 
moral character, but hath gone to Carolina, and is preaching contrary to or- 
der, and under the pretence of being a candidate in regular standing with one 
of our Presbyteries. The Synod is also informed, that Mr. John Beard, who 
was deposed from the work of the ministry, is also preaching in Carolina. 

Mr. Montgomery and Mr. Caldwell are appointed to bring in a draught of 
a letter to the Presbyteries of Hanover, in Virginia, and Orange, in Carolina, 
with respect to these gentlemen. And as we are informed, Mr. McClean 
shows a certificate signed with Mr. Tate's name as clerk to a committee of 
the second Presbytery of Philadelphia, which Mr. Tate says is forged; he is 
therefore desired to write to the Presbytery aforesaid to inform them of the 
imposition. 

Adjourned till to-morrow morning, nine o'clock. Concluded with prayer. 

21 st day. Nine o'clock. The Synod met according to adjournment. 

Post preces sederunt qui supra, 
(With the Rev. Mr. Thomas Read.) 
Ordered, To read the minutes of the last sederunt. 
Mr. Brainerd reports the Indian school under his care has not been con- 



440 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

tinued the last year, he not being able to obtain a proper master, but that he 
had as often as consistent with his other business, attended to the instruction 
of the children. 

And he further reports, that he preaches in seven places, besides the two 
Indian societies under his special care. For these services the Synod allow 
Mr. Brainerd twenty -five pounds. Ordered, that the treasurer pay the same. 

Mr. Brainerd is also allowed the eighteen pounds, interest of money in the 
hands of the trustees of New Jersey College, for an Indian mission. 

Agreed that the treasurer for the Synod, for the future give bond to three 
members, chosen by the Synod, for all the money in his hands, and that he 
allow for it three per cent, per annum interest. 

The Synod then made choice of Dr. Witherspoon for their treasurer, and 
Dr. Alison, Mr. Richard Treat, and Mr. Sproat, are directed to take a proper 
bond from Dr. Witherspoon for the money which shall be in his hands at the 
end of this session of Synod, payable to them in one year for the use of the 
Synod. 

And Mr. Treat, our late treasurer, is ordered to pay to Dr. Witherspoon 
the money now in his hands belonging to the Synod. 

Messrs. Montgomery and Caldwell brought in a draught of a letter to the 
Presbyteries of Hanover and Orange, according to the order of yesterday, 
which was approved of. 

Ordered, That the clerks make out fair copies of said letter, and that the 
moderator sign them, and send one copy to each Presbytery aforesaid, as 
soon as possible. 

The stated clerk is ordered to record this letter in the Appendix. 

The minutes of the last General Convention were brought by Dr. Rodger*, 
their stated register, and read; and as the convention is to meet again at Stan- 
ford, in Connecticut, the first Wednesday in September next, at eleven o'clock, 
we appoint to attend there, and to act as members from the Synod, the Rev. 
Dr. Francis Alison, Dr. John Witherspoon, Dr. JohnRodgers, Andrew Hun- 
ter, Elihu Spencer, John Brainerd, Benjamin Hait, John Ewing. Benjamin 
Chesnutt, Joseph Montgomery, Alexander McWhorter, James Caldwell, 
Joseph Treat, John Carmichael, William Mills. John Close, Jeremiah Hal- 
sey, Samuel Mills, and Ichabod Lewis; and Dr. Witherspoon to open the 
convention with a sermon, but in case he should fail, Mr. McWhorter is ap- 
pointed in his room. 

The committee appointed in behalf of Synod to dispose of money in the 
hands of the corporation of the widows' fund, read their minutes before the 
Synod, which were approved; and we appoint as a committee for the same 
purpose this year, Messrs. Spencer, Sproat, Montgomery. McWhorter, and 
Caldwell, to meet to-morrow morning, at six o'clock, at Mr. Sproat's. and as 
often afterwards as expedient. 

Mr. Samuel Eakin being by last Synod restored to the exercise of his min- 
istry for one year, and put under the particular care of New Casde Presby- 
tery, the Presbytery was now called upon, and report as follows : 

" That immediately after the last session of Synod they received the Rev. 
Samuel Eakin under their care, and since that time he has laboured in the 
work of the ministry, at their direction, and that he has behaved himself in a 
becoming and regular manner as far as is known to them.*' 

The Synod hoping the censures inflicted upon Mr. Eakin have had their 
proper influence, and that from his conduct the year past, his repentance is 
sincere, do therefore now fully restore him to the exercise of the ministry : 
and do earnestly recommend to him the greatest humility, circumspection, 
and meekness, through the remaining part of his life. And as Mr. Eakin has 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 441 

the prospect of labouring at present chiefly in the bounds of the first Philadel- 
phia Presbytery, he is therefore joined to that. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

Three o'clock, P. M. The Synod met according to adjournment. Post 
preces sederunt qui supra, 

(With the Rev. Mr. James Long, who gave sufficient reasons for not com- 
ing sooner.) 

Ordered, To read the minutes of the last sederunt. 

Upon inquiry being made of the several Presbyteries concerning their com- 
pliance with the order of last Synod to collect for the charitable uses then 
mentioned, it was found that some Presbyteries, through mistake or neglect, 
have not complied. Those who have collected are ordered to pay the same 
into the hands of the Synod's treasurer immediately; and those Presbyteries 
who have not collected are ordered to do it speedily ; as also those who have 
done it in part are ordered to complete what is yet unfinished. And they are 
now directed to make those collections in vacancies as well as congregations 
which have settled ministers. And that this may be done more thoroughly, 
we order the several Presbyteries to make this known at their first session, and 
then take proper care to have the collections made in their bounds, and pro- 
vide that a complete list be made out of ministers and congregations, with 
their collections, to be laid before and examined by the respective Presbyte- 
ries, at some session previous to the meeting of the Synod, and prepared for 
printing next year, without taking up the time of the Synod. Those ministers 
who have not read the Pastoral Letter to their congregations are directed to do 
it, and also in the vacancies. 

Dr. Rodgers is appointed to acquaint the Presbytery of Suffolk of this mat- 
ter, and the clerks to send attested copies of this order to the Presbyteries of 
Hanover and Orange, and to send them some of our Pastoral Letters by Mr. 
Wallace, a candidate going to the southward. 

For the purpose of procuring books to bestow on the poor : in Philadelphia, 
Dr. Francis Alison, Mr. Sproat, Mr. Montgomery, Mr. John Bayard, and Mr. 
Jonathan Smith; and in New York, Dr. Rodgers, Mr. Treat, Mr. McWhor- 
ter, Mr. Caldwell, and Mr. Noel, are appointed as committees, and that they do 
not exceed the sum of twenty pounds, proc. to be laid out by each committee, 
and that they draw on the treasurer for this sum. 

The Presbytery of New Y"ork applied to the Synod for the whole or part of 
the money collected by them this year, to be applied towards the rebuilding the 
Presbyterian church in the island of Saba, which was destroyed by the hurricane 
last year. The petition from Saba to the Presbytery was read, and the Pres- 
bytery offered their reasons for appropriating said money. The Synod re- 
mitted to the Presbytery to determine what part of said money should be al- 
lowed to Saba ; and the Presbytery, after consulting, reported that they deter- 
mined fifty pounds should be allowed for that purpose, which is accordingly 
agreed to, and the treasurer is ordered to pay that sum into the hands of Dr. 
Rodgers, to be remitted to Saba. 

The Presbyteries of New York, New Castle, Suffolk, Dutchess, and the 
first Philadelphia Presbytery, which have not complied with the order of last 
Synod to transmit to Mr. Halsey an account of the money subscribed in 
iheir bounds to the college of New Jersey, are ordered to comply as speedily 
as possible. 

Mr. Samuel Kennedy, a candidate, did not comply with the order of last 
Synod, to put himself under the care of Donegall Presbytery, although he 
hath continued to preach in their bounds. Mr. Kennedy gave in a paper to 



442 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

the Synod, assigning the reasons of his conduct. The consideration of this 
affair is deferred. 

Adjourned till to-morrow morning, nine o'clock. Concluded with prayer. 

22d day, nine o'clock, the Synod met according to adjournment. Post 
preces sederunt qui supra, 

Except Mr. Thomas Waters, who is gone home. 

Ordered, To read the minutes of the last sederunt. 

The consideration of Mr. Kennedy's conduct resumed. Mr. Kennedy was 
fully heard, and as he had in offering his reasons blamed the Presbytery, they 
were also heard. After due consideration the question was put, Is Mr. Ken- 
nedy excusable or not; and it was carried, not. 

Adjourned till Monday morning ten o'clock. Concluded with prayer. 

24th day, ten o'clock. The Synod met according to adjournment. Post 
preces sederunt qui supra, 

With Mr. John Golden, an elder. 

Ordered, To read the minutes of the last sederunt. 

It was moved what censure should be inflicted upon Mr. Kennedy in conse- 
quence of the judgment of Saturday last, and after it was considered and de- 
bated, ordered that he be rebuked from the chair for not complying with the 
order of last Synod to put himself under the care of Donegali Presbytery, and 
be remitted to the Presbytery, who are required to give him before the Synod 
break up, a copy of such charges as they have now against him, and cite him 
to appear before them, to take his trial, the last Tuesday in June next, at 
Caughnawaga. 

The Presbytery of Donegali requested that some members of Synod might 
be joined with them on the trial. 

Ordered, That Mr. Robert Smith, Mr. Latta, Mr. Forster, and Mr. Wood- 
hull, be added to them for that purpose. 

And Mr. Cooper is appointed to cite such evidences as the Presbytery may 
judge necessary, and to give Mr. Kennedy citations for such evidences as he 
may require. 

Mr. Kennedy was then called in, submitted to the judgment, and was re- 
buked by the moderator. 

The committee appointed last Synod to consider the answers given by the 
Associate Presbytery to sundry questions which had been proposed by the 
Synod's committee, report, they met, and did read and consider said answers, 
and did not think it necessary to make any remarks upon them, nor to give 
any other answer to the Presbytery than as follows : that as the associate bre- 
thren had not given any answer to the proposal of the committee from the Sy- 
nod the year before, viz. that if any thing was to be done further toward a co- 
alition between the associate brethren and the Synod, the proposal must come 
from the former, which they, the committee, should be ready to receive any 
time before next Synod. But that no such proposal has been made to them. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 



Three o'clock, P. M. The Synod met according to adjournment. Post 
preces sederunt qui supra, 

With Mr. Thomas Bourne, Mr. Richard Treat's elder. 

An overture respecting the regulation of the Presbyteries referred from the 
last Synod, is referred till the next year. 

A petition and complaint from Mr. Alexander Alexander against the second 
Philadelphia Presbytery, was brought in by the committee of overmres and 
read. But it appearing to the Synod the matter oi which he complains had 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 443 

not been decided by the Presbytery, ordered, that it be referred to the Presby- 
tery, who are required to hear it this evening or to-morrow. 

An overture was brought in by Mr. Roan in the following words: 

" Whereas, there have been repeated complaints from serious persons of 
the degeneracy of many of the Presbyterian denomination in Great Britain and 
Ireland, and their falling off from the great doctrines of the Reformation, so 
that it is very possible there may be Presbyteries the majority of which would 
not be unwilling to license, ordain, or recommend ministers unsound in the 
faith ; it seems to be of moment to guard against the admission of strangers 
into this body, before their principles and character are thoroughly ascertained : 
Therefore it is overtured, that no Presbytery be permitted to receive any 
stranger under the character of minister or candidate, or to give him appoint- 
ments in the congregations under our care, until the Synod that shall meet 
next after their arrival, that the whole testimonials and credentials offered by 
such persons be laid before the Synod, to be by them considered and judged 
of, in order to their admission or rejection. 

"John Roan. 

Which after full consideration was voted and admitted by a small majority. 

Several members desired liberty to enter their dissent, with their reasons, 
against the preceding vote, which was granted. 

Their reasons in the following words : 

" The second Presbytery of Philadelphia unanimously dissent from, and 
protest against, the injurious law recorded above. 

"1. Because it takes away from the Presbyteries some of their essential 
rights, restraining them from performing the duties of ordaining and admitting 
ministers agreeably to the Scriptures and the constitution and practice of the 
Presbyterian churches. Christ has vested his ministers with certain powers 
for the edification of his church, which they may not surrender or deliver up 
to the dominion of any man, or any body of men, whatever. If they err in 
the exercise of their powers they are accountable to the higher judicatures of 
the church, but they are not to be deprived of them merely because they may 
err in the exercise of them. 

" 2. Because it insinuates a strong suspicion that Presbyteries are unfaith- 
ful or unsound, and therefore not to be trusted in this matter, which is fixing 
an unjust reproach on their judicatures, and only serves to lessen their credit 
and influence. 

" 3. Because it is highly uncharitable and inconsistent with the love, respect, 
and fellowship which we owe the Protestant churches abroad, as it brings a 
promiscuous charge of unsoundness against, and lays an heavy reproach upon 
all the judicatures of their churches, contrary to all justice and modesty, and 
to the peace and harmony which should be promoted among the churches of 
Christ. 

"4. Because unfriendly, unequal, and offensive treatment of ministers and 
candidates who are strangers, tends to fill them with prejudices against this 
body, as acting in an arbitrary, uncharitable manner, and inconsistent with the 
known rules of Presbyterianism, which will deter them from uniting with the 
Synod, and induce them to erect Presbyteries independent of it, to the great 
dishonour and injury of religion. 

" 5. Because the precedent hereby established is not only wrong in itself, as 
it divests our Presbyteries of their inherent rights, but extremely pernicious in 
its consequences. If the Synod is allowed this power with respect to ministers 
or probationers from Europe, why may it not at any time be pleaded with res- 
pect to those from every other part of the world? Why may not the Synod, 
claiming thus far, extend their authority to the ordination of all our American 
probationers under some plausible pretences, such as, that the Synod is more 



444 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

faithful, or more learned, or fitter to judge of the piety of those who are to be 
received ? 

" 6. Because we have rules of proceeding as a Presbyterian church, res- 
pecting this matter, which from long experience have been found sufficient to 
preserve this Synod pure and free from errors; these rules are agreeable to 
our Presbyterian plan, and consistent with the several rights of our respective 
judicatures, whereas the present one is useless, unwarranted and anti-Pres- 
byterial. 

" 7. As the agreements of 1764 and 1765 were repeatedly alleged to be, and 
evidently are, for the same purpose pretended in the overture now made a re- 
ligious law, in which the northern provinces are expressly named, and as these 
provinces were repeatedly mentioned in the course of the debate, and nothing 
said, or even insinuated, that they were excluded, during the whole time in 
which this matter was argued, nor when the overture was read before it was 
voted, it must appear equivocation to explain the meaning of the law in a sense 
that would except the American Continent, to relieve some dissenting brethren, 
leaving others deeply grieved and afflicted. 

" Against the aforesaid law, therefore, we, the second Presbytery of Phila- 
delphia, do protest in our Presbyterial capacity, and hereby enter our reasons 
upon record, to relieve our consciences, and testify our opposition to what is 
so partial, so uncharitable, so unjust and oppressive. 

Francis Alison, 
John Elder, 
Joseph Tate, 
John Ewing, 
John Simonton, 
Patrick Alison." 
Dissentient: Dr. Rodgers, Joseph Montgomery, Alexander McWhorter, 
John Miller, Alexander McDowell, James Anderson, Thomas Read, James 
Caldwell. 

Reasons of dissent from an overture formed into an act of Synod, ordaining 
that no minister or candidate from foreign parts shall be admitted to member- 
ship by any Presbytery, but by the Synod alone. 

"Dissentient, 1. Because this overture tends to overthrow the essential 
rights of a Presbytery, the radical judicature of our church, warranted in 
Scripture, and from which we derive our name, Presbyterians. The power 
of ordination, of receiving and rejecting members, evidently belongs, accord- 
ing to God's Word, to this judicature only. But this overture takes it away 
from it, and gives its work and power to a Synod, which is only a voluntarv 
association of different Presbyteries, or a council to give advice in difficult 
matters, and to secure peace, orthodoxy, edification, and mutual confidence, 
and has no power to make any arbitrary decisions, to which Presbyteries can 
only submit when their arbitrations are for the good of the whole. 

" 2. Because this overture is very uncharitable and contrary to the dictates 
of the humble and affectionate temper of the gospel, which • esteems others 
better than ourselves,' and ' thinketh no evil.' It strongly implies that our 
Presbyteries are either so ignorant as not to know, or so degenerate as not to 
regard, the qualifications of their own members, and would ' lay hands sud- 
denly on any man,' and admit to the ministry or to the rights of membership, 
without proper testimonials and authentic recommendations. 

" 3. Because it discovers great want of candour in judging of other churches 
of Christ, as if all the reformed churches, solemnly subscribing or assenting u 
the same Confession of Faith, the same Catechisms, and the same directory 
or plan of discipline and government, were wholly corrupted in faith or prac- 
tice, notwithstanding their solemn assent or subscription to the forms ot' sound 
doctrine. 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 445 

" 4. Because this overture is founded on very unjustifiable reasoning, viz. 
that because some individuals, or perhaps some judicatures, in the foreign 
churches have been branded, and perhaps justly, with Socinian and other dan- 
gerous errors, that therefore their whole associations are corrupted; which 
mode of judging would condemn equally every Christian association in the 
world. 

" 5. Because the explanatory clause added, in order to exempt all preachers 
or ministers coming from any part of America, seems to be a mere subterfuge 
and equivocation, and calculated to relieve only a (exv members of the Synod. 
For before the votes confirming this overture, the New England churches 
were more than once mentioned as an objection against it, and it could scarce- 
ly have been forgotten by the voters ; but suppose they had been forgotten, 
whence arises this partiality? May not ministers who are pious and sound 
in the faith come from Great Britain or Ireland? And are not Presbyteries 
by the constitution of our church and the authority of its great Head, the only 
judges of their admission ? 

" 6. Because this overture evidently tends to produce contentions, confu- 
sion, and anarchy in the churches, for if the Synod will assume these high, 
unscriptural powers, it may be expected that some Presbyteries will resign 
their connection with a power they esteem tyrannical, and returning to their 
original state claim the enjoyment of their own inherent privileges. 

"7. Because, finally, this overture evidently tends to stigmatize and throw 
scandal on the British and Irish churches, to the breaking the bonds of peace, 
union, charity, and mutual love between them and us, to represent us to them as 
narrow, factious bigots, and may provoke them to send into America new 
Presbyteries of their own, to erect new judicatures, altar against altar, to the 
great injury of the work of God, and edification of souls, to the grieving the 
Holy Spirit of God, and giving distress of mind to the sincere followers of the 
Prince of Peace. 

Matthew Wilson, 
James Latta, 
John King, 
James Lang." 
With respect to the reasons of protest against and dissent from the judg- 
ment of Synod about the admission of ministers and candidates from some of 
the foreign churches, offered by a number of the members, the Synod judge it 
sufficient briefly to observe, 

That neither in the overture presented to the Synod, nor in our judgment 
consequent upon it, is there any claim of power inconsistent with those rights 
of Presbyteries which the dissenting brethren suppose are radically in them, 
and essential to them. The powers of licensure and ordination are not so much 
as mentioned in the overture, nor in the least infringed upon in the judgment, 
and it would be a difficult task for them to undertake the proof, even upon their 
own principles, that the right of admitting persons already licensed or ordained 
belong to Presbyteries exclusively. The dissenting brethren seem to have 
wholly mistaken the main ground of the overture, which does not at all appear 
to have arisen from a suspicion of unfaithfulness in any of our Presbyteries, or 
that the ministry in Britain and Ireland are wholly corrupted, but only that 
there is so great a degeneracy in those churches as render it peculiarly neces- 
sary that the greatest care be taken in the admission of ministers and candi- 
dates coming from thence, and that the several Presbyteries neither have, nor 
can have, those means of information respecting the characters and orthodoxy 
of those ministers and candidates the Synod has, nor indeed such means as are 
necessary to enable them to judge with any sufficient degree of certainty res- 
pecting them. Nor can the overture by any means be allowed to be mconsist- 
38 



446 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

ent with the charity due to the churches of Britain and Ireland, as it is not so 
severe with respect to foreigners, as the Synods of Scotland are with respect 
to their own candidates, and as the degeneracy of those churches, which was 
one of the principal facts upon which the overture was founded, has not been 
denied by any of the dissentients. And, finally, we observe, that as the over- 
ture only held up to view the churches of Britain and Ireland, it is most unfair 
to infer that the explanatory clause annexed to the judgment "seemed to be a 
mere subterfuge and equivocation, and calculated to relieve only a few mem- 
bers of Synod." 

At the same time it was agreed that it should be put upon record that the 
word strangers in the preceding overture should not be extended to any per- 
sons from any part of the continent of America. 

Adjourned till to-morrow morning, nine o'clock. Concluded with prayer. 

25th day, nine o'clock, A. M. The Synod met according to adjourn- 
ment. Post preccs sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, To read the minutes of the last sederunt. 

It was moved by Dr. Rodgers, and seconded by others, that the operation 
of the above overture should be suspended till next year; which, being op- 
posed, the consideration of the motion is deferred till Thursday morning. 

The second Philadelphia Presbytery referred to the Synod the appeal of 
Mr. Alexander Alexander from a judgment of the session of the third Presby- 
terian congregation in this city, which is agreed shall be considered to-morrow 
afternoon. 

A complaint was brought in by the Rev. Mr. George Duffield against the 
second Philadelphia Presbytery, that they had by one of their members ob- 
structed his entrance into a church in this city under their care, to which he 
had accepted a call, and had also refused to receive him as a member, although 
he was dismissed from, and recommended by, the Presbytery of Donegall, 
which was read. 

The minutes of the second Philadelphia Presbytery with respect to the 
complaint of Mr. Duffield were also read, assigning the reasons of their con- 
duct. 

A petition and remonstrance from the incorporated committee of the Pres- 
byterian churches in Market and Pine streets in this city, was also brought in 
and read, setting forth that Mr. Duffield, by the assistance of a part of the 
congregation of Pine street, had taken forcible possession of their church in 
Pine street, on the twenty-seventh day of September last, and praying we 
would take proper care to afford them such relief as the nature of the case re- 
quired from us. 

The address and representation of the committee of the third Presbyterian 
church in Pine street in this city, was brought in and read, stating their con- 
duct in obtaining and introducing Mr. Duffield into the church. 

After the Presbytery had stated the case and the reason of their conduct, 
Mr. Duffield was fully heard, and the Presbytery replied. The, parties being 
fully heard were ordered to withdraw, and the Synod agreed to proceed to 
judgment in the afternoon. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

Three o'clock, P. 31. The Synod met according to adjournment. Post 
preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, To read the minutes of the last sederunt. 

Ordered, To proceed agreeably to the agreement of the forenoon, to form a 
judgment in the cause depending between Mr. Duffield and the second Phila- 
delphia Presbytery. And after having maturely considered this matter, the 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 447 

Synod judge that Mr. Duffield had just cause of complaint against the conduct 
and judgment of the second Philadelphia Presbytery, who ought to have ad- 
mitted him to membership with them and allowed him a fair trial, wherefore 
we now declare him to be minister of the Pine street or third Presbyterian 
congregation in this city, and order, that he be put upon the list of the afore- 
said Presbytery. 

Mr. Schanck asked leave to go home. 

Adjourned till to-morrow morning nine o'clock. 

Concluded with prayer. 

26th day, nine o'clock, the Synod met according to adjournment. Post 
preces sederunt qui supra, 

(With the Rev. Mr. John Woodhull, who gave sufficient reason for not 
coming sooner; and also the Hon. Richard Stockton, Dr. Witherspoon's 
elder.) 

Ordered, To read the minutes of the last sederunt. 
^ A request from Lewestown Presbytery was presented, that the Rev. Mr. 
Thomas Reed, the Rev. Mr. Josiah Lewis, and Mr. Thomas Smith, a candi- 
date under the care of New Castle Presbytery, should be set off from New 
Castle Presbytery and annexed to them. The Synod, after considering the 
matter, concluded only to set off Mr. Josiah Lewis for the present, who is 
hereby dismissed from the New Castle Presbytery and joined to them. 

A petition and remonstrance from the incorporated committee of the Pres- 
byterian churches of Market and Pine streets in this city, was brought in and 
read, alleging that the Rev. Mr. George Duffield had taken possession of their 
church in Pine street in a violent manner, and praying he might be prohibited 
by this Synod from persisting in his conduct and dismissed from their 
church. 

Mr. George Bryan appeared and informed the Synod, in the name of the 
corporation, that they withdrew their cause from our bar, for reasons which 
he mentioned, and was directed to deliver to us in writing. 

The committee appointed to converse with Mr. Stuart, report, that they had 
done so at considerable length, and were fully satisfied with the testimonials 
produced with respect to his character and morals, and well pleased with the 
modesty and candour of his conversation, but that they did not find his views 
as to the ministry or employment in future life so fixed as that it could be of 
any importance to us or unto himself to join with this Synod under the cha- 
racter of a minister, nor did he himself desire it, so withdrew his request. 

An appeal was brought in by several members of the second Presbyterian 
Congregation in this city, from a judgment of the first Philadelphia Presbytery, 
confirming the judgment of the session of the second Presbyterian church, 
with respect to the introduction of Dr. Watts's imitation of the psalms into 
public worship; and as the moderator was a member of the Presbytery from 
whose judgment they appealed, he left the chair, and Mr. Joseph Treat took 
his place. The case was stated, the minutes of Presbytery read, and the par- 
ties fully heard and withdrew. The Synod, after considering the matter, 
declare that with respect to the judgment of the Presbytery, although it ap- 
pears to be drawn up with great caution and tenderness, yet they do not think 
it proper finally to judge and decide upon it at present, but appoint Dr. 
Witherspoon, Dr. Rodgers, Mr. Strain, and Mr. McWhorter, a committee to 
converse with the parties in the congregation, who differ about psalmody, and 
make report to the Synod to-morrow afternoon. 

Adjourned till three o'clock. Concluded with prayer. 



448 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

Three o'clock, P. M. the Synod met according to adjournment. Post 
preces, sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, To read the minutes of the last sederunt. 

Ordered, To hear the reference by the second Philadelphia Presbytery of 
Mr. Alexander Alexander's appeal from the judgment of the session of the 
third Presbyterian church in this city. 

After stating the cause and reading the judgment of the session and the ap- 
peal, both parties were fully heard. And the Synod finding, that as the ses- 
sion had not a minister of the word to preside through the course of the trial, 
and that a minister was the accuser of the appellant, ii was judged it was at 
least inexpedient to proceed to trial, and upon the whole we think it best and 
do remit the matter back, to the Presbytery to be heard and judged of by them 
de novo. 

Adjourned till to-morrow morning at eight o'clock. Concluded with prayer. 

27th day, eight o'clock, the Synod met according to adjournment. Post 
preces sederunt qui supra, 

Ordered, To read the minutes of the last sederunt. 

The order of the morning being called for, Dr. Rodgers withdrew the mo- 
tion made by him on Tuesday last, and another member moved in the follow- 
ing words: " Whereas many brethren are dissatisfied with the act of Synod 
respecting the non-admission of ministers and candidates info our Presbyteries 
from foreign parts, it is proposed, that the Presbytery to which any such gen- 
tlemen may offer themselves, may be allowed, if they see their way clear, to 
employ them in their vacancies, but that they be not admitted to full member- 
ship until the next Synod, when their testimonials and recommendations shall 
be laid before the Synod." Which being considered was agreed to by the 
Synod, and is to regulate the conduct of the Presbyteries, notwithstanding the 
overture proposed and voted on Monday last. 

A petition from the Presbyterian congregation in Pine street in this city, 
was brought in, praying to be taken from under the care of the second Phila- 
delphia Presbytery and put under some other. Mr. Duffielri, the minister of 
said congregation being present, and requesting foi himself to be annexed to 
the first Philadelphia Presbytery; the Synod do grant their requests, and set 
off Mr. Dufrield, and the congregation aforesaid, from the Presbytery to which 
they now belong and annex him to and put them under the care of the first 
Philadelphia Presbytery. 

The Presbytery books of New Castle, the first and second Philadelphia 
Presbyteries, and of New Brunswick, were brought in and approved. 

Applications were presented for supplies from the Hawfields and Eno in 
North Carolina, and from St. Paul's parish in Georgia; in answer to which 
we appoint Mr. John Simpson and Mr. Caleb Wallace, candidates, to supply 
in the former places as much as they conveniently can before next Synod, 
and Mr. Wallace from thence to visit St. Paul's parish in Georgia, and preach 
there some time, and the remainder of their time in the other vacancies in the 
southern provinces. 

As the Presbytery of New Castle have sundry candidates under their care, 
some of whom probably can take appointments to the southern provinces, the 
Presbytery are desired to consider this matter as soon as possible, and - 
such and as many as they mid expedient. 

The moderator is appointed to give proper recommendations to those who 
go on those missions. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 449 

Three o'clock, P. M. The Synod met according to adjournment. Post 
preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, To read the minutes of the last sederunt. 

The committee appointed to converse with the parties in the second Pres- 
byterian church in this city differing about psalmody, report, that they have 
taken opportunities of conversing with both parties, so far as the time and cir- 
cumstances would permit, and that they do not think the Synod should di- 
rectly judge of the merits of the appeal, so as to affirm or disapprove the 
several distinct propositions laid down by the Presbytery in their judgment; 
but as there is not now time to consider fully the different versions of the 
psalms in question, and there are minutes of Synod formerly which counte- 
nance congregations in determining this matter according to their own choice, 
they cannot make any order to forbid the congregation to continue the prac- 
tice now begun. Which being considered was approved, and the Synod on 
this occasion think proper earnestly to recommend to both parties peace and 
harmony, and to forbear all harsh sentiments and expressions, and in parti- 
cular that neither of them intimate that either of the versions in question is 
unfit to be sung in Christian worship. 

Mr. George Bryan, by the hands of the janitor, delivered into the Synod a 
paper containing the reasons of the corporation's withdrawing their petition 
and remonstrance, which areas follows: 

" The complainants after opening in a general manner the matters they could 
have proved in order to enforce the prayer of their remonstrance before the 
Reverend Synod, do say we purposed to have gone fully into these matters, but 
from what passed here yesterday it appears to us that many of the members 
without having then entered on our complaint, though upon the eve, and in full 
prospect of so doing, have declared themselves very fully as to the irregulari- 
ties and violences imputed to the Rev. Mr. Duffield and some of his adherents, 
and that Mr. Duffield hath been established, as far as the Synod can do it, 
pastor of Pine street church against the very prayer of our supplication. 
Whilst our complaint is thus manifestly prejudged, we cannot but observe 
that ridicule is sot up by some of the members as the test of truth, and cha- 
racters wantonly attacked in a manner unbecoming the gentleman and the 
Christian. What then have we to do but to retire from your bar." 

After much conversation and great deliberation, it is overtured, that as George 
Bryan, Esq. and William Miller, in the name of the incorporated committee, 
presented a petition and remonstrance, charging Mr. Duffield with sundry 
high crimes and misdemeanors, and praying that he might be removed from 
the pulpit and church in Pine street; but some time after those gentlemen 
withdrew their said petition, and assigned their reasons therefor, which are 
ordered to be recorded on our minutes, the Synod therefore finding no accu- 
sers, do acquit him, the said Mr. Duffield, from all charges contained in the 
aforesaid petition and remonstrance. 

Application was made from the two Presbyteries of Hanover and Orange, 
that 'every Presbytery to the eastward, should transmit to them with all 
convenient speed the suspension or deposition of any member or candidate 
from their bodies, to prevent the Presbyteries aforesaid being imposed upon 
by such persons. 

The Synod cheerfully comply with their request, and order the Presbyte- 
ries to regulate themselves accordingly. 

Adjourned to meet at Philadelphia the third Wednesday in May next, at ten 
o'clock, at the second Presbyterian church. 

Concluded with prayer. 
3S* 



450 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

Philadelphia, May l$th, 1774. 

The Synod of New York and Philadelphia met according to adjournment 
Ubi post preces sederunt, 

Of the Presbytery of Lewestown: The Rev. John Miller. 

Of Hanover Presbytery: The Rev. John Todd. 

Of Orange Presbytery: The Rev. David Caldwell and Hezekiah Balch. 

Of Donegall Presbytery: The Rev. Robert Cooper and John Slemmons. 

Of New Castle Presbytery: The Rev. Robert Smith, William McKennan, 
William Forster, John Clark, John Carmichael, Thomas Reed, James Wil- 
son, James Anderson, and John Woodhull. 

Of first Presbytery of Philadelphia: The Rev. Richard Treat, James 
Sproat, Andrew Hunter, James Boyd, George Duffield, Benjamin Chesnutt. 
Alexander Mitchell, and Samuel Eakin. 

Of second Presbytery of Philadelphia: The Rev. Patrick Alison. 

Of New Brunswick Presbytery: The Rev. William Tennent, Israel Reed, 
John Rosborough, and William Schanck. 

Of New York Presbytery : The Rev. Azariah Horton, Alexander Mc- 
Whorter, James Caldwell, Jedidiah Chapman, and Alexander Miller. 

Elders: Messrs. Joseph Cowan, George Curry, James Ewing, Thomas 
Hope, Francis Alexander, John McCalla, Daniel Clark, and John Walker. 

Absent: Of the Lewestown Presbytery: The Rev. Matthew Wilson, 
Jacob Kerr, Alexander Huston, and Josiah Lewis. 

Of Hanover Presbytery: The Rev. James Waddell, Richard Zanchv, 
David Rice, Samuel Leake, William Ervin, John Brown, and Charles Cum- 
mings. 

Of Orange Presbytery : The Rev. Hugh McAden, Henry Palillo, Joseph 
Alexander, Hezekiah James Balch, John Harris, James Creswell, James 
Campbell, John Simpson, Thomas Reese, and James Edmond. 

Of Donegall Presbytery: The Rev. Huirh Vance, John King. John Craig- 
head, John Strain, James Lang, Amos Thompson, Joseph Rhea, Samuel 
Thompson, James Hunt, John Roan, and John Hogg. 

Of New Castle Presbytery: The Rev. Alexander McDowell, James Fin- 
ley, James Latta, Joseph Montgomery, Joseph Smith, John McCreary, and 
Thomas Smith. 

Of Philadelphia first Presbytery: The Rev. Nehemiah Greenman, Enoch 
Green, John Brainerd, James Watt, and William Hollingshead. 

Of Philadelphia second Presbytery : The Rev. Francis Alison, John Ewing, 
John Simonton, Joseph Tate, John Elder, John Steel, Robert McMordie, 
and Robert Davidson. 

Of New Brunswick Presbytery: The Rev. Charles McKnight. Thomas 
Smith, Jacob Van Aertsdelin, Dr. John Witherspoon, John Guild, Elihu 
Spencer, Samuel Kennedy, Jeremiah Halsey, John Hannah, Francis Peppard, 
Job Prudden, and James Lyon. 

Of New York Presbytery: The Rev. John Rodgers, Joseph Treat. Jacob 
Green, Timothy Jones, Thomas Lewis, Jonathan Elmer, Benjamin Hait, 
Aaron Richards, Benjamin Woodruff, Azel Roe, Nathan Kerr, Amzi Lewis, 
Samuel Sacket, John Close, Andrew Bay, Hugh Knox, Simon Horton, John 
MofYat, Abner Brush, and W'illiam Woodhull. 

TfhB whole Presbytery of Suffolk and Dutchess county. 
The Rev. Mr. Sproat, the moderator, opened the Svnod with a sermon 
from 1 Cor. i. 23, 24. 

Mr. Robert Smith was chosen moderator, Mr. Duffield and Mr. Forster 
w r ere chosen clerks. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 451 

Three o'clock, P. M. the Synod met according to adjournment. Post 
preces sederunt qui supra, 

(With the Rev. Messrs. James Latta, David Caldwell, Jacob Vanarsdelen, 
James Finley, Dr. John Rodgers; and Messrs. Anthony Tate and Robert 
Evans, elders.) 

Ordered, To read the minutes of the last Synod. 

The reasons of the Rev. Messrs. Tennent, Clark, Rosborough, Israel Reed, 
and McKennan, for their absence from Synod last year, were sustained ; as 
were also those of the Rev. Messrs. Todd, Hezekiah Balch, and David Cald- 
well, for their absence from several former meetings of Synod. 

Donegall Presbytery report, that they have licensed Mr. John Black, and 
suspended the Rev. Robert Hughey since the last meeting of Synod; and that 
the Rev. William Thorn was removed by death some time in last August. 

New Castle Presbytery report, that they have suspended the Rev. Sampson 
Smith since our last, and ordained Mr. Thomas Smith to the work of the 
ministry. 

The first Presbytery of Philadelphia report, that they have ordained Mr, 
William Hollinshead to the work of the ministry since our last, who being 
present took his seat. 

The second Presbytery of Philadelphia report, that they have ordained Mr, 
Robert Davison to the work of the ministry since our last, who being present 
took his seat accordingly. 

New Brunswick Presbytery report, that they have licensed Messrs. Moses 
Allen, Oliver Reese, and John De Bow, and dismissed Mr. John Simpson, a 
licensed candidate, to Orange Presbytery. 

New York Presbytery report, that they have licensed Messrs. Matthias 
Burnet, Joseph Periam, and Samuel McCorkle; and received the Rev. An- 
drew Bay from New Castle Presbytery, and the Rev. John Close from Suf- 
folk Presbytery, and Mr. Joseph Grover, a licensed candidate, from New 
England; and dismissed the Rev. Jonathan Murdoch to Connecticut, in con- 
sequence of a call to him from a congregation there, and that the Rev. Oliver 
Deeming has been removed by death since our last. We are informed that 
the Rev. William Mills, a member of Suffolk Presbytery, was removed by 
death the 18th of last March. 

Orange Presbytery report, that they have received the Rev. John Harris 
from Lewestown Presbytery, the Rev. James Campbell from the South Pres- 
bytery, and the Rev. James Edmonds ; and have licensed and ordained to the 
work of the ministry, Mr. Thomas Reese, and have also ordained Mr. John 
Simpson. 

Hanover Presbytery report, that they have licensed Messrs. Caleb Wallace, 
and Samuel Edmiston, and suspended the Rev. Alexander Miller; and that 
the Rev. Messrs. Black and Campbell are removed by death, and the Rev, 
Mr. Craig also, in last April. 

The Rev. Messrs. John Miller, Todd, David Caldwell, Cooper, Chesnutt, 
Mitchell, Patrick Alison, Israel Read, Azariah Horton, Alexander Miller, 
Latta, and John Woodhull ; with Messrs. McCalla, Clark, Cowan, Curry, 
and Ewing, elders, are appointed a committee of overtures to meet here to- 
morrow morning, at six o'clock, and by adjournment afterwards as often as 
occau^a may require. 

Messrs. Hunter and Boyd are appointed a committee to examine the Orange 
Presbytery book. 

Messrs. McWhorter and Alexander Miller, to examine Donegall Presbytery- 
book. 

Messrs. John Miller and James Caldwell, to examine New Castle Presby- 
tery book. 



452 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

Messrs. Israel Read and Chapman, to examine the first Philadelphia Pres- 
bytery book. 

Messrs. Cowper and Forster, to examine the New York Presbytery book. 

The Presbyteries of Donegall and New Castle have in some measure com- 
plied with the recommendation of the last Synod, for raising money to assist 
in the education of pious young men for the ministry, who are unable to sup- 
port themselves ; Lewestown, and the first Presbytery of Philadelphia, have 
not; neither have Hanover nor Orange Presbyteries, the two latter not having 
received timely notice of the recommendation. 

The Synod recommend it to those Presbyteries that have been deficient in 
the above, to proceed in that matter as soon as possible, and to the other Pres- 
byteries to continue in prosecuting the pious design. 

The committee appointed to dispose of the money in the hands of the trea- 
surer of the College of New Jersey, for the education of poor and pious youth, 
report, that they met according to appointment, and disposed of the money in 
hand last year. And the Synod appoint as a committee to dispose of such 
money as shall be due October next, the Rev. Dr. Witherspoon, the Rev. 
Messrs. Tennent, Guild, Spencer, James Caldwell, Halsey, Richard Treat, 
Israel Read, and McWhorter, any three of whom to be a quorum, to attend at 
New Jersey College the third Wednesday of August next. 

The committees appointed last Synod to purchase books and distribute 
them among the poor on the frontiers, report, that the}'- have complied with 
the order, and disposed of the whole of the sum allowed at New York, and 
the whole also of the sum allowed at Philadelphia, except one pound seven 
shillings and eight pence, but as the committee at Philadelphia have not yet 
received an account of any distribution made by the persons to whose care 
they have committed them on the frontiers, the Synod direct them to inquire 
as soon as possible into that matter, and use their best endeavours to have said 
distribution made, (if not already done,) and procure what information they 
can, of the success attending said distribution, and make report at next meet- 
ing of Synod. 

Dr. Rodgers has remitted the money ordered for the inhabitants of Saba, 
as appointed. 

The first Philadelphia Presbytery, and that of New Castle, have complied 
with the order of last Synod respecting the collections for New Jersey Col- 
lege. 

Adjourned to nine o'clock, to-morrow morning. Concluded With prayer. 

May \9th, nine o'clock, A. M. The Synod met according to adjourn- 
ment. Post preces sederunt qui supra, 

(Together with the Rev. Messrs. James Finley, Joseph Smith, Thomas 
Smith, Joseph Tate, and Elihu Spencer, who are now come; and also Messrs. 
Valentine Dushane, and Nathaniel McKinley, elders; their reasons for not 
attending sooner, sustained. 

Ordered, To read the minutes of the last sederunt. 

The committee appointed to dispose of money in the hands of the corpora- 
tion of the widows' fund brought in their minutes, which were read and ap- 
proved. And we appoint the Rev. Messrs. Spencer, Sproat. McWhorter, 
James Caldwell, and Montgomery, a committee for the same purpose this 
year, to meet to-morrow morning, at seven o'clock, at Mr. Sproat's, and as 
often afterwards as occasion may require. 

Donegall Presbytery, and the other members appointed to meet with them. 
Mr, Forster excepted, have complied with the order of last Synod respecting 
Mr. Kennedy, and report that they have ordered him to desist from preach- 
ing. 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 453 

Ordered, To proceed in reading the minutes of last Synod. 

Messrs. John Simpson and Caleb Wallace are gone to the southern colo- 
nies, agreeable to an order of last Synod. 

The Presbytery of New Castle have complied with the order of last Synod 
with respect to sending supplies to the southern colonies, as far as their cir- 
cumstances would admit. 

It was moved and seconded, and came to be considered, whether a com- 
mission of Synod should be appointed and their powers denned; or the prac- 
tice of appointing a commission discontinued, and after reasoning thereon, the 
Rev. Messrs. Treat, Dr. Rodgers, McWhorter, Hunter, and John Miller, 
were appointed a committee to prepare an overture to be laid before the Synod 
next Monday morning, ascertaining the powers of the commission in case it 
should be continued. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

Three o'clock, P. M. The Synod met according to adjournment. Post 
preces sederunt qui supra, 

(Together with the Rev. Messrs. John Steel, John Elder, Dr. Witherspoon, 
James Long, and Jeremiah Halsey, who are now come; their reasons for not 
coming sooner, sustained ; as those of the Rev. Messrs. Steel and Elder, for 
their absence last year.) 

Ordered, To read the minutes of last sederunt. 

A letter from the Rev. Stephen Johnson, of Lyme, in Connecticut, was laid 
before the Synod, informing of a sum of money bequeathed by his son, the 
Rev. Diodate Johnson, to be disposed of by this Synod for the purpose of 
propagating the gospel in the southern colonies, and requesting that some per- 
son might be appointed to receive the same. 

The Synod appoint the Rev. Dr. Rodgers to receive the above, and give a 
proper receipt and discharge for the same, and transmit it when obtained into 
the hand of the Synodical treasurer as soon as convenient. 

A letter from the Rev. Mr. Brainerd was brought in and read, informing of 
the Indian school having been kept up in the same manner it was last year, 
and of his labours, and prospects of success, amongst the vacancies in those 
parts; which, being taken into consideration, the Synod allow Mr. Brainerd 
for his services there, the eighteen pounds interest money in the hands of the 
trustees of New Jersey College for an Indian mission, and the additional sum 
of twenty-five pounds, to be paid out of the money in the hand of the Synodi- 
cal treasurer, which sum the treasurer is directed to pay to Mr. Brainerd or 
his order. 

The Synod agree to print an account of the money collected in consequence 
of the Synodical order the year before last, together with a list of the mem- 
bers of Synod, and the congregations and vacancies under our care, and in or- 
der thereto direct the respective Presbyterial treasurers to furnish the Synodi- 
cal treasurer with proper lists of their members, and the congregations and 
vacancies within their bounds. 

Dr. Rodgers laid before the Synod a letter from the Synod of North Hol- 
land, which was read; and Dr. Rodgers, and Mr. McWhorter, are appointed 
a committee to prepare a draught of an answer to the above letter, to be 
brought in next Monday morning. 

The minutes of last General Convention were brought in by Dr. Rodgers, 
heir stated register, and read; and as the next Convention is to meet at Eliza- 
jethtown, the third Wednesday of September, at three o'clock, P. M. we ap- 
point the Rev. Messrs. Dr. Francis Alison, Dr. John Witherspoon, Dr. John 
[lodgers, Richard Treat, William Tennent, James Sproat, Jacob Green, An- 
Irew Hunter, Benjamin Chesnutt, Israel Read, Elihu Spencer, John Miller, 



454 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

Benjamin Hait, Jeremiah Halsey, Alexander McWhorter, James Caldwell, 
John Woodhull, Jedidiah Chapman, and George Duffield, to attend there as 
members of the said convention from this body. 

Adjourned till nine o'clock to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 



20th day, nine o'clock, $.. M. The Synod met according to adjournment. 
Post preces, sederunt qui supra, 

(Together with the Rev. John Hoge, who is now come; his reasons for 
not attending sooner, sustained. 

Ordered, To read the minutes of last sederunt. 

The minutes of the committee of overtures were called for, brought in, and 
read. 

Application was made by the Presbytery of New York requesting assist- 
ance to supply among the many large and growing vacancies on the northern 
frontier of that province. In consequence of which the Synod appoint Dr. 
Rodgers, and Mr. Caldwell, or Mr. McWhorter, as missionaries, to supply 
each of them eight Sabbaths among those vacancies, and endeavour as far as 
their time will admit, to form them into regular congregations. And the Sy- 
nod order the Presbyteries of New York and New Brunswick to supply the 
congregations of those gentlemen who go on this mission, in the following 
manner, yiz. the congregation of New York in Dr. Rodgers' absence to be 
supplied, the third Sabbath in June by Mr. Bay; the fourth, Mr. Roe; the 
first in July, Mr. McWhorter; the second, Mr. Woodruff; the third, Dr. 
Witherspoon; the fourth, Mr. Spencer; the fifth, Mr. Hait; the first in August} 
Mr. Jones; the second Mr. Richards. Elizabethtown to be supplied in the 
absence of Mr. Caldwell, or Newark in the absence of Mr. McWhorter, the 
third Sabbath in June by Mr. Vanarsdelen; the fourth, Mr. Tennent: the first 
in July, Mr. Schenck; the second, Mr. Read; the fourth, Mr. Chapman; the 
fifth, Mr. Azariah Horton; the iirst in August, Mr. Elmer; the second, Mr. 
Green. 

A reference was brought in from the Presbytery of New York, praying: the 
advice of the Synod, whether the congregation of Jamaica, on Long Island, 
whose late minister, the Rev. Mr. Mills, belonged to the Presbytery of Suf- 
folk, may be taken under their care, as they formerly were, and had never 
been dismissed. 

The Synod allow that the above congregation be taken 'under the care of 
the Presbytery of New Y'ork. 

A petition from the Jersey settlement on the Mohawk river, about seventy 
miles above Albany, was brought in and read, praying to be taken under the 
care of the Synod, and to have some ministers sent among them supported by 
the money in the hand of the Synod. 

A petition was brought in and read from the united congregations of Timber 
Ridge and Hall's Meeting-house, in Virginia, representing the destitute condi- 
tion of the church in those parts, and earnestly requesting some supplies to be 
sent them, and especially by candidates who may be likely to settle in those 
parts. 

A petition from Cathey's settlement, in North Carolina, praying for sur>^ 
plies, was brought in and read, together with which, application was made by 
the Rev. Mr. David Caldwell in behalf of many large and growing vacancies 
in the bounds of Orange Presbytery, praying that supplies may be sent them 
from the Synod. 

Application was made by the Rev. Messrs. Robert Cooper and James Fin- 
ley in behalf of the numerous and increasing vacancies on the extensive west- 
ern frontier of Pennsylvania, praying that supplies may be afforded them by 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 455 

the Synod, and that such as may be sent endeavour to form them into congre- 
gations as far as they conveniently can. 

A letter was brought in by the Rev. Dr. Rodgers from the Rev. Mr. Henry 
Patillo, of Orange Presbytery, representing that great numbers of the inhabit- 
ants of the counties of Chowan, Perquimons, Pasquotank, and Currituck, in 
the lower parts of North Carolina, are earnestly desirous of supplies being sent 
them from this Synod, and praying that a minister may be sent to them with 
a view to settlement. 

A petition was brought in and read from the Bald Eagle settlement up the 
west branch of Susquehanna, earnestly praying for supplies to be sent to those 
parts. 

Application was made by the Rev. Mr. John Todd in behalf of the nume- 
rous vacancies within the bounds of Hanover Presbytery, and praying for 
supplies from the Synod. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

Three o'clock, P. M. The Synod met according to adjournment. Post 
preces sederunt qui supra, 

Together with the Rev. Dr. Francis Alison, the Rev. Messrs. John King 
and James Long, their reasons for not attending sooner, sustained. 

Ordered, To read the minutes of the last sederunt. 

The order of this afternoon being called for, an overture was brought in by 
the Rev. Mr. Tate, requesting a review of the act of last year respecting the 
manner of receiving ministers from Europe, and a consideration of the power 
by which the Synod makes such acts to restrain Presbyteries from acting ac- 
cording to the best of their judgment " in things that before these acts were 
allowed to be lawful and not forbidden by the word of God," was taken into 
consideration, and the Synod agree to review the said act, and after much rea- 
soning on the case, it was carried by a considerable majority to reverse said 
act. 

The Rev. Dr. Witherspoon, Messrs. Spencer, Hunter, Slemmons, Mitchell, 
Duflicld, and Balch, dissent from the above judgment, and request liberty 
[0 bring in their reasons and have them entered on record, which is granted. 

Dr. Rodgers and the Rev. Messrs. Treat and McAVhorter are appointed a 
committee to prepare an overture of an act or regulation, to be substituted in 
[he place of the act reversed by the vote now passed, to be brought in to-mor- 
row morning. 

Mr. David Caldwell and Mr. Carmichael had liberty of absence till Monday. 

Adjourned till nine o'clock to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 

21s/ day, nine o'clock, Ji. M. the Synod met according to adjournment. 
Post preces sederunt qui supra, 

Together with the Rev. Messrs. Joseph Montgomery and Matthew Wilson, 
their reasons for not attending sooner, sustained. 

Ordered, To read the minutes of last sederunt. 

A supplication was brought in and read from the congregation of Reedy 
Creek and Upper Creek meeting-houses, on the heads of the Catawba waters, 
^presenting their destitute condition, and requesting a minister to be sent them 
who may be likely to settle among them. 

The committee appointed yesterday to prepare an overture of an act or re- 
gulation respecting the admission of ministers and candidates from foreign 
parts, brought in a draught, which, being read a first and second time, and 
amended, was unanimously approved, and is as follows, viz: 

" Whereas, it is of the highest importance to the interest of the Redeemer's 
kingdom that the greatest care be observed by church judicatures to maintain 



456 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

orthodoxy in doctrine, and purity in practice, in all their members, this Synod, 
in addition to the agreement upon this head of the year 1764, and further ex- 
plained in the year 1765, do most earnestly recommend it to all their Presby- 
teries to be very strict and careful respecting these matters, especially in ex- 
amining the certificates and testimonials of ministers or probationers who come 
from foreign churches; and that they be very cautious about receiving them, 
unless the authenticity of their certificates and testimonials be supported b^* 
private letters, or other credible and sufficient evidence ; and in order more ef- 
fectually to preserve this Synod, our Presbyteries, and congregations from im- 
position and abuse every year, when any Presbytery may report that they 
have received any ministers or probationers from foreign churches, that Pres- 
bytery shall lay before the Synod the testimonials, and all other certificates 
upon which they received such ministers or probationers, for the satisfaction 
of the Synod, before such foreign ministers or probationers shall be enrolled as 
members of our body; and if the Synod shall find the said testimonials false 
or insufficient, the whole proceedings had by the Presbytery in the admission 
shall be held to be void; and the Presbytery shall not from that time receive 
or acknowledge him as a member of this body, or in ministerial communion 
with us. And, on the other hand, whensoever any gentlemen from abroad 
shall come duly recommended, as above, we will gladly receive them as bre- 
thren, and give them every encouragement in our power." 

An appeal from a judgment of New Castle Presbytery respecting a call to 
the Rev. Joseph Smith, was brought in. The consideration of this affair de- 
ferred till next Tuesday morning. 

A representation from the Rev. Dr. Ezra Stiles and the Rev. Samuel 
Hopkins, respecting the sending two natives of Africa on a mission to propa- 
gate Christianity in their native country, and a request that the Synod would 
countenance this undertaking by their approbation of it, was brought in and 
read. The consideration of the above deferred. 

The appeal of a certain Joseph Zury from a judgment of the Presbytery of 
New Castle was brought in and read, as also the minutes of the Presbytery and 
Session respecting that affair, by which it appears that the said Joseph Zury 
had been charged with the crime of fornication; in judging of which matter 
the Presbytery found themselves under some difficulty to determine clearly on 
the one side or the other ; the Synod after duly considering the affair, unani- 
mously agree, that said charge, as circumstanced, ought not to prevent said 
Zury from sealing ordinances, and do therefore declare him acquitted. 

The Synod appoint Mr. Treat, Mr. McWhorter and Mr. Foster a commit- 
tee to prepare the list for printing which was to have been done by Dr. \\ ith- 
erspoon. 

A query was brought in, about Mr, McGill, labouring in the ministry with- 
in the bounds of the second Philadelphia Presbytery, especially in one of the 
congregations under their care, and has assisted one of their members in the 
administration of the Lord's Supper. 

The Synod remit this affair to the second Philadelphia Presbytery, and di- 
rect them to send one of their members to preach on a Sabbath in that congre- 
gation where Mr. McGill has been preaching, as above, and read to them the 
minute of the Synod last year respecting that gentleman, and warn them net' 
to encourage him among them whilst matters remain in their present situa- 
tion. And the Synod further order the said Presbytery to be careful that none 
of their members encourage him in the question of the ministerial office. 

Doctor Witherspoon had liberty of absence till Tuesday afternoon. Mr. 
Spencer till Monday, and Mr. Halsey through the remaining part of die pre- 
sent sessions. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. next Monday. Concluded with prayer. 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 457 

Monday, May 23d, three o'clock, P. M. The Synod met according to 
adjournment. Post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Mr. John Thomson, Mr. Montgomery's elder, and Mr. John McCalmont, 
Mr. McKennan's elder, are now come. 

Ordered, To read the minutes of the last sederunt. 

The representation and request relative to sending negro missionaries to 
Africa, was taken into consideration, in consequence of which the subject of 
negro slavery came to be considered, and after much reasoning on the matter 
Dr. Rodgers, Messrs. John Miller, Caldwell, and Montgomery, were ap- 
pointed a committee to bring in an overture on this subject on Wednesday 
morning. 

The consideration of the overture brought in by Mr. Tate, viz: respecting 
" The power by which the Synod makes such acts to restrain Presbyteries 
from acting to the best of their judgments in things, that before these acts, 
were allowed to be lawful, and not forbidden by the word of God," is deferred 
to next Synod. 

The call for the overture respecting a commission of Synod, is deferred till 
Wednesday morning. 

Adjourned till to-morrow morning nine o'clock. 

Concluded with prayer. 

2ith day, nine o'clock, A. M. The Synod met according to adjourn- 
ment. Post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Mr. Andrew Bryan, Mr. Reed's elder, and William Walker, Mr. Wood- 
hull's elder, are now come. 

Ordered, To read the minutes of the last sederunt. 

David Scott, in his own name, and in the name of the inhabitants of the 
Great Cove, request the Synod to consider their destitute state, as separated so 
far from any neighbouring congregation that they cannot there conveniently 
attend divine worship, and that their number is so small, that they are not 
able sufficiently to pay ministers that supply them, especially young men who 
have no congregations, for their trouble ; he therefore humbly requests the 
Reverend Synod to allow something out of their fund to such ministers as are 
sent to supply them, and that orders be given to some of the neighbouring 
ministers to administer the sacrament of the Lord's Supper among them some 
time convenient before winter. The Synod having considered his request, 
recommend it to the Presbytery of Donegall seasonably to administer the 
sacrament in the Great Cove, and afford them as many supplies as they con- 
veniently can; and the Synod agree to allow a reasonable compensation to 
such ministers or probationers as may be sent on these services. 

The order of the morning being called for, the appeal from the judgment of 
the Presbytery of New Castle respecting a call to the Rev. Joseph Smith, 
was taken into consideration, and after the parties were heard in part, 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

Three o'clock, P. M. the Synod met according to adjournment. Post 
preces sederunt qui supra, 

(With Dr. Witherspoon who is now returned.) 
Ordered, To read the minutes of the last sederunt. 

Ordered, To proceed in the affair of the appeal entered on in the forenoon; 
and after the parties were further heard, 

Adjourned till nine o'clock to-morrow morning. 
Concluded with prayer. 
39 



458 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

25th day, nine o'clock, A. M. The Synod met according to adjournment. 
Post preces, sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, To read the minutes of the last sederunt. 

Ordered, To proceed in the appeal entered upon yesterday. 

The parties being fully heard and ordered to withdraw, the Synod pro- 
ceeded to consider the affair, and after reasoning on the case, Dr. Rodgers, 
Messrs. Spencer, -John Miller, McWhorter, and Patrick Alison, were ap- 
pointed a committe to converse with the commissioners from Wilmington on 
both sides of the question, together with Mr. McKennan, and Mr. Smith; 
and endeavour to accommodate matters in such manner as may be most likely 
to serve the interest of the church in those parts. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

Three o'clock, P. M. the Synod met according to adjournment. Post 
preces, sederunt qui supra, 

(Except Mr. Steel and Mr. Balch, who are gone home without leave; and 
Mr. McCreary, who being taken sick and obliged to go home, sent the reason 
of his departure to the Synod, which is sustained.) 

Ordered, To read the minutes of the last sederunt. 

The committee appointed to examine the Presbytery books of Orange, 
Donegall, and New York, brought in the books approved except a few re- 
marks. 

The remaining minutes of the committee of overtures were called for, 
brought in and read. 

A letter was brought in from the Rev. John William Kahls, respecting the 
study of the Hebrew language and Divinity, which being taken into conside- 
ration the Synod expressed their sentiments on the subject, and desired the 
moderator to transmit the same to Mr. Kahls. 

The committee appointed in the forenoon on the Wilmington affair, report, 
that they have used their best endeavours to accomplish the end of their ap- 
pointment, but have not been so happy as to succeed; wherefore the Synod 
resumed the consideration of the appeal lying before them, and after reasoning 
it was moved, that waving the decision of the merits of the appeal and con- 
duct of the Presbytery, the Synod should resolve upon the whole state of the 
affair laid before them, that Mr. Smith be allowed to accept of the call put into 
his hand by the Presbytery, and that the call be described by the terms of 
the second congregation in Wilmington united with Brandvwine. and that he 
be appointed to preach in Wilmington one half of his time, and the other half 
in such place as the Brandywine congregation have proposed to provide on 
the west side of the creek in the country, with this further instruction, that in 
case the eastern part of Brandywine congregation shall build another house, 
and request a proportion of his time, he be appointed to divide it among the 
three, and that in either case care be taken that the day of preaching in Wil- 
mington do not interfere with the day of preaching at Mr. McKennan's 
church, but that they correspond together so as to promote the common bene- 
fit of all as much as may be; and the Synod do earnestly recommend to all 
the members of that Presbytery to cultivate peace and harmony, and do their 
utmost to strengthen one another's hands in the work of the Lord. 

The above having been several times read was put to the question, agree or 
not, and was carried by a great majority agree, wherefore the Synod did and 
hereby do appoint accordingly; — parties being called in, this was intimatecUo 
them. 

Doctor Rodgers, and his elder, Mr. Kinley, and also Messrs. John Miller. 
James Boyd, Alexander Miller, and Patrick Alison, had liberty to go home. 

Adjourned till nine o'clock to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 459 

26th day, nine o'clock, A. M. The Synod met according to adjourn- 
ment. Post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, To read the minutes of the last sederunt. 

Mr. Valentine Dushane, Mr. Thomas Smith's elder, being taken sick, was 
obliged to go home. Mr. Carmichael having last Friday obtained liberty of 
absence till Monday, has not since returned. 

The committee appointed to prepare an overture on the representation from 
Dr. Stiles and the Rev. Samuel Hopkins, and also on the subject of negro 
slavery, brought in a draught, the first part of which being read and amended, 
was approved and is as follows: 

The consideration of Dr. Stiles's and Mr. Hopkins's representation and re- 
quest resumed. " The Synod is very happy to have an opportunity to ex- 
press their readiness to concur with and assist in a mission to the African 
tribes, and especially where so many circumstances concur as in the present 
case, to intimate that it is the will of God, and to encourage us to hope for 
success. We assure the gentlemen aforesaid, we are ready to do all that is 
proper for us in our station for their encouragement and assistance." 

And it is ordered, that the clerk transmit a copy of this minute to Doctor 
Stiles. 

But some difficulties attending the discussion of the second part of that over- 
ture, the Synod agree to defer the affair to our next meeting. 

A member of the committee appointed to prepare an overture respecting a 
commission of Synod, brought in a draught, which being read and amended, 
was put to vote and carried by a large majority, and is as follows: 

" Whereas, there have arisen doubts in the minds of some members re- 
specting the utility and powers of what is called by us the commission, the 
Synod proceeded to take this matter into consideration, and after due delibe- 
ration, in order to remove any scruples upon this head, and prevent all future 
difficulties in this matter, do determine that the commission shall continue, and 
meet whensoever called by the moderator, at the request of the first nine in 
the roll of the commission, or a major part of the first nine ministers, and 
when met that it shall be invested with all the powers of Synod to sit by their 
own adjournments from time to time, and let it also be duly attended to, that 
there can lie no appeal from the judgment of the commission, as there can be 
none from the judgment of the Synod ; but there may be a review of their pro- 
ceedings and judgments by the Synod, and whensoever this is done, those who 
were members of the commission shall be present and assist in forming all such 
judgments as the Synod may think proper to make upon any such review." 

And we do appoint for a commission the ensuing year, Messrs. John Mil- 
ler, Matthew Wilson, John Todd, David Caldwell, John King, Robert Cooper, 
Joseph Montgomery, James Finley, William Forster, Richard Treat, Andrew 
Hunter, George Duffield, Dr. Francis Alison, Patrick Alison, William Ten- 
nent, Elihu Spencer, Jeremiah Halsey, Alexander McWhorter, Azariah Hor- 
ton, Dr. John Rodgers, James Caldwell, David Rose, Wheeler Case, James 
Sproat, Benjamin Chusnutt, John Simonton, John Brainerd, Israel Reed, 
Thomas Lewis, with the moderator; and elders, John Thompson of New 
Castle, Joseph Cowan of Octorara, John McCalla of Philadelphia, Daniel 
Clark of Greenwich, William McMullen of Philadelphia, William Bresban of 
Pequea, Andrew Bryan of Drawyers, Anthony Tate of New Town; and 
twenty-two, with the moderator, shall be a quorum. 

Ordered, To proceed in appointing supplies. 

Mr. Latta is appointed to supply up the West Branch of Susquehanna five 
Sabbaths in the months of October and November; and Mr. Samuel Dougal, 
a probationer, under the care of New Castle Presbytery, seven Sabbaths in 
July and August, 



460 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

Mr. John Hanna is appointed to supply eight Sabbaths between this and 
next fall, in the vacancies beyond the Allegheny mountains. 

Mr. Samuel Smith, a probationer, under the care of New Castle Presby- 
tery, is appointed to supply four months between this and next meeting of 
Synod, on the frontier parts of Pennsylvania, and in Virginia, if his state of 
health shall admit of it. 

Mr. John Debow, a probationer, under the care of New Brunswick Pres- 
bytery, and Mr. Samuel McCorkle, a probationer, under the care of New 
York Presbytery, are appointed to go to the southward as soon as they con- 
veniently can, and supply under the direction of the Presbyteries of Hanover 
and Orange, each of them one whole year at least. 

Mr. Forster is appointed to supply six Sabbaths in the frontier parts of 
Pennsylvania, in the months of September and October. 

And the Synod recommend it to the several Presbyteries to afford what fur- 
ther assistance they can to the Presbyteries of Hanover and Orange, by pro- 
bationers under their care. 

Messrs. Clark and Thomas Smith had leave to go home. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

Three o'clock, P. M. The Synod met according to adjournment. Post 
preces sederunt r * \supra % 

Ordered, To read the minutes of the last sederunt. 

The Rev. Mr. Samuel Blair, formerly in connexion with this Synod, be- 
ing now present, requested to be enrolled as a member, which request was 
granted, and he accordingly took his seat, and the Synod desire Mr. Blair to 
join himself to some one of our Presbyteries as soon as he conveniently can. 

The Synod taking into their serious consideration the dark and threatening 
aspect of our public affairs, both civil and religious, as loudly calling for deep 
humiliation before God, and earnest application to the throne of grace, do 
agree to observe the third Thursday of June next, as a day of solemn fasting 
and prayer, to implore the Divine compassion, that it may please God in his 
great mercy to avert those calamities which, on account of our manifold pro- 
vocations, we have great reason to fear. 

An overture by the Rev. Mr. Matthew Wilson, proposing a method to se- 
cure the lasting union and credit of the Presbyterian body, was brought in- 
and read, and taken into consideration, and the Synod recommend it to their 
members to make themselves well acquainted with the fundamental principles 
of the Presbyterian constitution. 

A paper from Mr. S. Kennedy was brought in, containing a complaint 
against the conduct of the Presbytery of Donegall, and the members who met 
with them according to appointment of last Synod. As the Synod have not 
time at present to enter upon the consideration of this matter, and if they had 
time, Mr. Kennedy is not prepared with his witnesses for trial, they agree to 
defer it till next Synod, and order Mr. Kennedy in the mean time to submit 
to the judgment of the Presbytery, and that he appear then prepared to sup- 
port his complaint against the said Presbytery, and that the Presbytery be 
careful to prepare for their own vindication, that this matter may then be fully 
heard and issued. 

A letter from the Associate Presbytery, in Pennsylvania, signed by the 
Rev. William Marshal, Presbytery clerk, was brought in and read, represent- 
ing that for reasons which to them appear valid, they are not at present dis- 
posed to unite with this Synod, which letter is ordered to be entered in the 
Appendix. 

The Synod finding by their printed accounts that many members have not 
yet collected, according to the order of Synod, 1772, wherefore they now 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 



461 



again order the Presbyteries to require those who have not collected, as ap- 
pears from the printed lists, that they should collect this year, and bring said 
collections in by their Presbyterial treasurers at next sessions of Synod. 

An address, on a matter apprehended to be of great importance to our gene- 
ral interest, was brought in and read ; the consideration of it deferred till our 
next meeting of Synod. 

An overture for resolving this Synod into three Synods was brought in and 
read; the consideration thereof deferred to next meeting of Synod. 

Adjourned to New York, to meet at ten o'clock, on the third Wednesday 
of next May. Concluded with prayer. 

New Fork, May 17 th, 1775. 

The Synod of New York and Philadelphia met according to adjournment, 
Obi post preces sederunt. 

Of the Presbytery of Dutchess county: The Rev. Messrs. Wheeler Case, 
Samuel Mills, and Ichabod Lewis. 

Of the Presbytery of New Y r ork: The Rev. Dr. Rodgers, the Rev. Messrs. 
Thomas Lewis, Alexander McWhorter, Benjamin Hait, Aaron Richards, Ben- 
jamin Woodruff, Joseph Treat, James Caldwell, Jedidiah Chapman, Nathan 
Kerr, John Close, Azel Roe, and Alexander Miller. 

Of New Brunswick Presbytery: The Rev. Dr. Witherspoon, William 
Tennent, Israel Reed, and Francis Peppard. 

Of the first Philadelphia Presbytery: The Rev. Messrs. Andrew Hunter, 
and James Boyd. 

Of New Castle Presbytery: The Rev. Robert Smith. 

Of Donegall Presbytery : The Rev. Robert Cooper. 

Elders: Messrs. Elisha Beart, Nathaniel Ball, Peter Ryker, Robert Og- 
den, and Garret Noel. 

Absent: Of the Presbytery of Dutchess county: The Rev. Messrs. Elisha 
Kent, Dunlap, Eliphalet Ball, Chancey Graham, Solomon Mead, Blackleech 
Burnett, and David Close. 

The whole of the Presbytery of Suffolk. 

Of New York Presbytery: The Rev. Messrs. Simon Horton, Azariah 
Horton, Jacob Green, Timothy Jones, John Moffett, Abner Brush, Andrew 
Bay, Hugh Knox, Jonathan Elmer, Amzi Lewis, and Jacob Vanarsdelen. 

Of the Presbytery of New Brunswick: The Rev. Messrs. Charles Mc- 
Knight, Elihu Spencer, Samuel Kennedy, John Guild, Jeremiah Halsey, 
John Hanna, Thomas Smith, John Rosborough, and William Schenck. 

Of the first Philadelphia Presbytery : The Rev. Messrs. Richard Treat, 
James Sproat, George Duffield, Alexander Mitchel, Nathaniel Erwin, Daniel 
McCalla, Benjamin Chesnutt, John Brainerd, Nehemiah Greenman, Enoch 
Green, Samuel Eakin, William Hoilinshead, and James Watt. 

The whole of the second Philadelphia Presbytery. 

The whole of the Lewestown Presbytery. 

Of the Presbytery of New Castle: The Rev. Messrs. Alexander McDowell 
James Finley, William McKennan, John Carmichael, Joseph Montgomery, 
John Clark, William Foster, Joseph Smith, John McCreary, John Wood- 
hull, Thomas Reed, James Anderson, and Thomas Smith. 

Of the Presbytery of Donegall: The Rev. Messrs. Samuel Thompson, 
John Roan, John Hoge, Joseph Rhea, James Hunt, Amos Thompson, John 
Slemmons, John Craighead, James Lang, John King, Hezekiah Balch, and 
Hugh Vance. 

Absent, the Presbyteries of Hanover and Orange. 

Mr. Robert Smith, moderator for the last year, opened the Synod with a 
sermon on John xxi. 15, 16, 17. 
39* 



462 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

Mr. Hait was chosen moderator, Messrs. Joseph Treat and Robert Cooper 
clerks. 

The Rev. Dr. Nathaniel Whitaker, of the Presbytery of Boston, and the 
Rev. Levi Frisby being present, were invited and sat as correspondents. 

Ordered, That the minutes of last Synod be read. 

The Presbytery of Dutchess county report, that since our sessions in May, 
1773, they have ordained to the work of the gospel ministry, Messrs. David 
Close and Blackleech Burnet. 

New York Presbytery report, that since our last they have licensed to 
preach the gospel Mr. Ebenezer Bradford; ordained to the work of the gospel 
ministry, Messrs. Mathias Burnet and Joseph Grover; and that they have 
recalled Mr. Periam's license to preach ; and received the Rev. Mr. Vanars- 
dale from the Presbytery of New Brunswick. Mr. Burnet being present, 
takes his seat as a member. 

The Presbytery of New Brunswick report, that since our last they have 
licensed to preach the gospel, Mr. Philip Stockton, and received from the 
Presbytery of Sterling in Scotland, the Rev. Mr. James Gourly. 

The first Philadelphia Presbytery report, that since our last they have 
licensed to preach the gospel, Messrs. Philip Vicars Fithian, Andrew Hun- 
ter, Israel Evans, and Robert Keith ; ordained to the work of the gospel minis- 
try, Messrs. Nathaniel Irwin and Daniel McCalla. 

New Castle Presbytery report, that since our last they have licensed to 
preach the gospel, Messrs. Ebenezer Brooks and John McMillan; and de- 
posed from the gospel ministry Mr. Sampson Smith. 

Donegall Presbytery report, that since our last they have licensed to preach 
the gospel, Messrs. William Adolphus Linn, John McKnight, and James 
McConnell; ordained to the work of the gospel ministry Mr. Thomas Mc- 
Pherrin; received as a correspondent member, the Rev. Collin McFarquhar 
from the Presbytery of Garioch in Scotland, and received the Rev. Hezekiah 
Balch from the Presbytery of Orange; and that on the twenty-iirst of May 
last, the Rev. John Strahn was removed by death. 

The Rev. Mr. Joseph Tate, of the second Philadelphia Presbytery, has, 
since our last, been removed by death. 

The Presbytery of Suffolk have, since our last, ordained to the work of 
the gospel ministry, Mr. John Davenport, who being present takes his seat as 
a member. 

Messrs. Close, Roe, Kerr, Peppard, Ichabod Lewis, Boyd, Davenport, and 
Robert Smith, with Messrs. Ogden, and Ball, elders, are appointed a com- 
mittee of overtures to meet by six o'clock at this place to-morrow morning, 
and by adjournments afterwards as occasion may require. 

Adjourned to meet at nine o'clock, A. M. to-morrow. 

Concluded with prayer. 

May I8//1, nine o'clock, A. M. The Synod met according to adjourn- 
ment. Post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, To read the minutes of last sederunt. 

Mr. Joseph Riggs, Mr. McWhorter's elder, is now come. 

Ordered, To proceed in reading the minutes of last Synod. 

Messrs. Robert Smith and Caldwell are appointed a committee to examine 
the Donegall Presbytery book. As no other Presbytery books are brought, 
ordered, that each Presbytery bring their books to our next Synod, and par- 
ticularly inasmuch as the books of Dutchess, Suffolk, and Hanover, have not 
for some years past been produced, it is ordered that those Presbyteries be 
punctual in bringing them to our next meeting of Synod. 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 



463 



Messrs. Timothy Jones and Jonathan Elmer are now come, their reasons 
for not attending sooner, sustained. 

Dr. Witherspoon, Dr. Rodgers, Messrs. McWhorter and Caldwell, are 
appointed a committee to bring in, as soon as convenient, a draught of a mi- 
nute respecting the congregations sending elders to our judicatures. 

The committee appointed to dispose of the money in the hands of the 
treasurer of the college of New Jersey, for the education of poor and pious 
youth, report, that they met according to appointment and disposed of the 
money in hand last year. 

Dr. Witherspoon, Dr. Rodgers, Messrs. Tennent, Guild, Spencer, Cald- 
well, Halsey, Richard Treat, Israel Reed, Alexander McWhorter, and Roe, 
are appointed a committee, any three of whom to be a quorum, to meet at 
Princeton the third Wednesday of next August, to dispose of said monev for 
the present year. 

Mr. Halsey is now come, his reason for not attending sooner, sustained. 
John Welch, Mr. Case's elder, is now come. 

The committee of Philadelphia for purchasing and distributing books, are 
not present to make any report agreeable to the order of last Synod. 

The Synodical treasurer reports, that he has obtained a bond with sufficient 
security for the payment of the legacy bequeathed by the Rev. Diodate John- 
ston of Connecticut. 

Doctor Rodgers fulfilled the mission on the frontiers as appointed, his pul- 
pit was supplied as ordered. The Doctor's report concerning said mission 
deferred till to-morrow. 

Neither Mr. Caldwell nor Mr. McWhorter fulfilled the mission appointed 
them, their reasons sustained. 

Doctor Rodgers's report respecting his mission, deferred till next sederunt. 

The Presbytery of New Brunswick inform, that on account of the absence 
of their stated clerk, they cannot now produce the certificates on which they 
received Mr. Gourly, agreeable to the order of last Synod respecting such 
cases. 

Ordered, That said certificates be produced at the next Synod. 

The Presbytery of Donegall fulfilled the appointment respecting the admin- 
istration of the Lord's Supper at Great Cove. 

The Synod appoint as a commission for the present year, the Rev. Messrs. 
Richard Treat, John Miller, Matthew Wilson, John Todd, David Caldwell, 
John King, Robert Cooper, Joseph Montgomery, James Finley, William 
Foster, Andrew Hunter, George Duffield, Dr. Alison, Patrick Alison, Wil- 
liam Tennent, Dr. Witherspoon, Elihu Spencer, Jeremiah Halsey, Alexander 
McWhorter, Azariah Horton, Dr. Rodgers, James Caldwell, David Rose, 
Wheeler Case, James Sproat, Benjamin Chesnutt, John Simonton, John 
Brainerd, Israel Reed, and Thomas Lewis, with the moderator; and elders, 
Messrs. Robert Ogden, Garret Noel, Peter Ryker, Elisha Beach, Nathaniel 
Ball, Joseph Riggs, Maskel Evving, Gunning Bedford, McMillan, and George 
Bryan, twenty-two of whom, with the moderator, to be a quorum, and in case 
of the death of the moderator, the first upon the above list to be moderator, 
and to call the commission. 

Mr. Debow has not fulfilled the mission to the southern colonies; the rea- 
sons for the omission were sustained. 

Messrs. Samuel Smith and Samuel Dugal have fulfilled their appoint- 
ments. 

Messrs. Latta, John Hannah, and Forster, have not fulfilled their appoint- 
ments, ordered by the last Synod. 

The Synod are not informed whether the Rev. Samuel Blair has be- 



464 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

come a member of any of our Presbyteries, agreeable to the order of last 
Synod. 

The order of Synod respecting a fast was complied with. 

Adjourned to meet at three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

Three o'clock. P. M. The Synod met according to adjournment. Post 
preces, sederunt qui supra. 

(With Messrs. Vanarsdale and Irwin, as also Mr. Bayley, Mr. Burnet's 
elder, who are now come, their reasons for not attending sooner, sustained.) 

Ordered, To read the minutes of last sederunt. 

Mr. Bay is now come, his reasons for not attending sooner, sustained ; his 
elder is John Albertis, who is also present. 

Dr. Witherspoon, Dr. Rodgers, Messrs. Caldwell, Halsey, Smith, Kerr, 
and Ogden, are appointed a committee to bring in to-morrow in the afternoon, 
a draught of a pastoral letter. 

Ordered, That Mr. Brainerd receive this year the interest of the three hun- 
dred pounds in the hands of the treasurer of New Jersey College for an Indian 
mission. 

Messrs. Hait, Woodruff, Roe, Elmer, Thomas J^ewis, and Chapman, are 
appointed a committee in behalf of the Synod, to inquire into the design of 
the aforesaid fund, and to endeavour to settle with the trustees of the said col- 
lege the day after their public commencement, to what purposes the interest 
of it ought to be applied, and by whom the objects shall be nominated. 

Adjourned till nine o'clock, to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 

May 19th, nine o'clock, A. M. The Synodmet according to adjournment. 
Tost preces, sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, To read the minutes of last sederunt. 

The minutes of the last general convention were brought in by Dr. Rodgers, 
their stated register, and read. 

The Synod appoint as delegates for the next convention, Messrs. Dr. 
Witherspoon, Dr. Alison, Dr. Rodgers, W r heeler Case, Ichabod Lewis. 
Samuel Mills, David Rose, John Davenport, Joseph Treat, Thomas Lewi?, 
Benjamin Woodruff, John Close, Benjamin Hait, Jeremiah Halsey, Elihu 
Spencer, Israel Reed, John Brainerd, James Sproat, Nathaniel Irwin, Robert 
Davison, Joseph Montgomery, and John Woodhull, to meet at Greenfield in 
Connecticut, the first Wednesday of next September. Mr. Joseph Treat to 
open the convention with a sermon, and in case of Mr. Treat's absence. Mr. 
Hait to preach the sermon. 

By the committee of overtures was brought in an application from the Pres- 
byterian congregation in Salem, in the province of Massachusetts Bay, under 
the care of the Rev. Dr. Whitaker, representing that in October last, together 
with many other valuable buildings, their meeting-house had been consumed 
by fire; and earnestly soliciting this Synod to commiserate their case, and 
take such methods for their relief as to them may appear expedient. As also, 
an earnest* address from the Presbytery of Boston to the Synod, in favour of 
said society. 

The Synod considering the distressed condition of said people, agree in 
heartily recommending them as an object of charity, hoping all persons of 
ability will contribute to their relief. 

Mr. John Woodhull is now come, his reasons for not attending sooner, sus- 
tained. 

Doctor Rodgers reports, that in his mission on the frontiers of the province 
of New York, he preached at many different places, met with a very agree- 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 455 

able reception, endeavoured to form the people into religious societies as far 
as circumstances would admit; that those people very gratefully acknow- 
ledged the Synod's care respecting them, and earnestly request the continu- 
ance of it. 

The Synod considering the present alarming state of public affairs, do una- 
nimously judge it their duty to call all the congregations under their care to 
solemn fasting, humiliation, and prayer, and for this purpose appoint the last 
1 nursday of June next to be carefully and religiously observed. But as the 
Continental Congress are now sitting, who may probably appoint a fast for the 
same purpose, the Synod, from respect to that august body and for the greater 
harmony with all other denominations, and for the greater public order, if the 
Congress shall appoint a day not above four weeks distant from the said last 
Thursday of June, order that the congregations belonging to this Synod do 
keep the day appointed by the Congress, in obedience to this resolution; and if 
they appoint a day more distant, the Synod order both to be observed by all 
our communion. The Synod also earnestly recommend it to all the congre- 
gations under their care to spend the afternoon of the last Thursday in every 
month in public solemn prayer to God, during the continuance of our present 
troubles. 

The Synod order, that each Presbytery take care to endeavour to obtain col- 
lections for pious uses in all those congregations who have not yet contributed 
agreeably to our last act for that purpose, and be prepared to make report res- 
pecting this matter at the next meeting of Synod. And that the clerks serve 
the absent Presbyteries with copies of this minute. 

A reference was brought in by the Presbytery of New York respecting the 
propriety of ordaining Mr. Ebenezer Bradford to the gospel ministry sine ti- 
tulo. After deliberation and reasoning on this affair the Synod agree to remit 
it to the Presbytery. 

Adjourned to meet at three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

Three o'clock, P. M. The Synod met according to adjournment. Post 
preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, To read the minutes of last sederunt. 

Application was made to the Synod by the Presbytery of New Castle for 
advice respecting the propriety of Mr. Samuel Smith's being ordained by said 
Presbytery of New Castle, under whose care he is in consequence of his hav- 
ing accepted a call from a congregation within the bounds of the Presbytery of 
Hanover. 

The Synod having heard all the circumstances relative to this case, and de- 
liberated thereon, agree that it is not expedient for the Presbytery of New Cas- 
tle to ordain Mr. Smith as the matter now stands. 

The committee for bringing in the draught of a Pastoral Letter, report that 
they have not yet completed said draught. 

Ordered, That they bring it in to-morrow morning. 

A question was brought into Synod by the New Castle Presbytery respect- 
ing the expediency of receiving young men on trials for the ministry without 
their having obtained a college diploma. 

The consideration of this question deferred till the next meeting of Synod. 

Messrs. Tennent, Thomas Lewis, and Boyd, have leave to go home. 

A petition was brought into Synod by the Rev. Hugh McGill, who appear- 
ed before the Synod in the year 1773, representing that he is now able to lay 
before this Synod further light respecting his character, and earnestly request- 
ing to be received as a member. 

The Synod having read all the papers produced by Mr. McGill, and heard 
such verbal testimony as could be obtained respecting him ; and also heard 



466 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

Mr. McGilPs representation of his own case, proceeded to serious considera- 
tion of this matter. 

After some time spent in reasoning on the affair, agreed to defer the deci- 
sion of it till next sederunt. 

Adjourned till nine o'clock, A. M. to-morrow morning. 

Concluded with prayer. 

May 20th, nine o'clock, A. M. The Synod met according to adjournment. 
Post preces sederunt qui supra, 

Ordered, To read the minutes of last sederunt. 

The affair of Mr. McGill resumed. The Synod having heard all that could 
at present be further offered in respect to Mr. McGill, and again deliberated on 
his case, find that he had been suspended from preaching by the Burgher As- 
sociate Presbytery of Monaghan in Ireland, and afterwards deposed by the 
Burgher Associate Synod of Edinburgh; and do therefore judge, that however 
we have credible testimony in favour of his character, both before the ac- 
cusation was brought against him in his own Presbytery, and since his remo- 
val from Ireland, yet we cannot, at present, receive him as a member. But 
willing to do every thing in our power for his relief, agree in the mean time, to 
take every possible method to obtain information, both from the Presbytery 
which suspended, and the Synod which deposed him. And accordingly we 
appoint Dr. Rodgers to endeavour to obtain all the light he can from the Asso- 
ciate Presbytery of Monaghan, and Dr. Witherspoon to procure such informa- 
tion as he can from the above-mentioned Synod, respecting said Mr. McGill, 
to be laid before the Synod at their next meeting. 

The committee brought in a draught of a Pastoral Letter, which, after a few 
alterations, was approved, ordered to be printed, and is as follows: 

" A Pastoral Letter, $-c. 

" Very dear Brethren — The Synod of New York and Philadelphia being met 
at a time when public affairs wear so threatening an aspect, and when (unless 
God in his sovereign Providence speedily prevent it) all the horrors of a civil 
war throughout this great Continent are to be apprehended, were of opinion, 
that they could not discharge their duty to the numerous congregations under 
their care, without addressing them at this important crisis. As the firm be- 
lief, and habitual recollection of the power and presence of the living God, 
ought at all times to possess the minds of real Christians, so in seasons of pub- 
lic calamity, when the Lord is known by the judgment which he executeth. it 
would be an ignorance or indifference highly criminal not to look up to him 
with reverence, to implore his mercy by humble and fervent prayer, and, if 
possible, to prevent his vengeance by unfeigned repentance. 

' 'We therefore, brethren, beseech you in the most earnest manner, to look 
beyond the immediate authors either of your sufferings or fears, and to ac- 
knowledge the holiness and justice of the Almighty in the present visitation. 
He is righteous in all his ways, and holy in all his works. Affliction spring- 
eth not out of the dust. He doth not afflict willingly, nor grieve the children 
of men; and, therefore, it becomes every person, family, city, and province, 
to humble themselves before his throne, to confess their sins, by which they 
have provoked his indignation, and intreat him to pour out upon all ranks a 
spirit of repentance and of prayer. Fly also for forgiveness to the atoning 
blood of the great Redeemer — the blood of sprinkling, which speaketh better 
things than that of Abel. Remember and confess not only your sins in gene- 
ral, but those prevalent national offences, which may be justly considered as 
the procuring causes of public judgments; particularly profaneuess and con- 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 457 

tempt of God, his name, Sabbaths, and sanctuary; pride, luxury, unclean- 
ness, and neglect of family religion and government, with the deplorable ig- 
norance and security which certainly ought to be imputed to this as their 
principal cause. All these are, among us, highly aggravated by the inestima- 
ble privileges which we have hitherto enjoyed without interruption since the 
first settlement of this country. If, in the present day of distress, we expect 
that God will hear our supplications, and interpose for our protection or de- 
liverance, let us remember, what he himself requires of us is, that our prayers 
should be attended with a sincere purpose, and thorough endeavour after per- 
sonal and family reformation. If thou prepare thine heart, and stretch out 
thine hand towards him, if iniquity be in thine hand, put it far away, and let 
not wickedness dwell in thy tabernacles. Job xi. 13, 14. 

" The Synod cannot help thinking that this is a proper time for pressing 
all of every rank, seriously to consider the things that belong to their eternal 
peace. Hostilities, long feared, have now taken place ; the sword has been 
drawn in one province, and the whole continent, with hardly any exception, 
seem determined to defend their rights by force of arms. If, at the same time, 
the British ministry shall continue to enforce their claims by violence, a last- 
ing and bloody contest must be expected. Surely, then, it becomes those 
who have taken up arms, and profess* a willingness to hazard their lives in the 
cause of liberty, to be prepared for death, which to many must be certain, and 
to every one is a possible or probable event. 

u We have long seen with concern, the circumstances which occasioned, 
and the gradual increase of this unhappy difference. As ministers of the gos- 
pel of peace, we have ardently wished that it could, and often hoped that it 
would have been more early accommodated. It is well known to you, (other- 
wise it would be imprudent indeed thus publicly to profess,) that we have not 
been instrumental in inflaming the minds of the people, or urging them to acts 
of violence and disorder. Perhaps no instance can be given on so interesting 
a subject, in which political sentiments have been so long and so fully kept 
from the pulpit, and even malice itself has not charged us with labouring from 
the press; but things are now come to such a state, that we do not wish to 
conceal our opinions as men and citizens, so the relation we stand in to you 
seemed to make the present improvement of it to your spiritual benefit, an in- 
dispensable duty. 

" Suffer us then to lay hold of your present temper of mind, and to exhort, 
especially the young and vigorous, by assuring them that there is no soldier 
so undaunted as the pious man, no army so formidable as those who are su- 
perior to the fear of death. There is nothing more awful to think of, than 
that those whose trade is war should be despisers of the name of the Lord of 
hosts, and that they should expose themselves to the imminent danger of be- 
ing immediately sent from cursing and cruelty on the earth, to the blasphem- 
ing rage and despairing horror of the infernal pit. Let therefore, every one, 
who from generosity of spirit, or benevolence of heart, offers himself as a 
champion in his country's cause, be persuaded to reverence the name, and 
walk in the fear of the Prince of the kings of the earth, and then he may, 
with the most unshaken firmness, expect the issue either in victory or death. 

" Let it not be forgotten, that though for the wise ends of his Providence 
it may please God, for a season to suffer his people to lie under unmerited 
oppression, yet in general we may expect, that those who fear and serve him 
in sincerity and truth, will be favoured with his countenance and strength. 
It is both the character and the privilege of the children of God, that they call 
upon him in the day of trouble, and he, who keepeth covenant and truth for 
ever, has said, that his ears are always open to their cry. We need not men- 
tion to you in how many instances the event in battles, and success in war, 



468 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

have turned upon circumstances which were inconsiderable in themselves, as 
well as out of the power of human prudence to t foresee or direct, because we 
suppose you firmly believe that after all the counsels of men, and the most 
probable and promising means, the Lord will do that which seemeth him good; 
nor hath his promise ever failed of its fall accomplishment ; the Lord is with 
you while ye be with him, and if ye seek him he will be found of you; but 
if ye forsake him he will forsake you. 2 Chron. xv. 2. 

" After this exhortation, which we thought ourselves called upon to give 
you at this time, on your great interest, the one thing needful, we shall take 
the liberty to offer a few advices to the societies under our charge, as to their 
public and general conduct; and, 

" First. In carrying on this important struggle, let every opportunity be 
taken to express your attachment and respect to our sovereign King George, 
and to the revolution principles by which his august family was seated on the 
British throne. We recommend, indeed, not only allegiance to him from 
duty and principle, as the first magistrate of the empire, but esteem and reve- 
rence for the person of the prince, who has merited well of his subjects on 
many accounts, and who has probably been misled into the late and present 
measures by those about him; neither have we any doubt that they them- 
selves have been in a great degree deceived by false information from in- 
terested persons residing in America. It gives us the greatest pleasure to say, 
from our own certain knowledge of all belonging to our communion, and from 
the best means of information, of the far greatest part of all denominations in 
this country, that the present opposition to the measures of administration 
does not in the least arise from disaffection to the kiny. or a desire of separa- 
tion from the parent state. We are happy in being able with truth to affirm, 
that no part of America would either have approved or permitted such insults 
as have been offered to the sovereign in Great Britain. We exhort you, 
therefore, to continue in the same disposition, and not to suffer oppression, or 
injury itself, easily to provoke you to any thing which may seem to betray 
contrary sentiments: let it ever appear, that you only desire the preservation 
and security of those rights which belong to you as freemen and Britons, and 
that reconciliation upon these terms is your most ardent desire. 

*' Secondly. Be careful to maintain the union which at present subsists 
through all the colonies; nothing can be more manifest than that the success 
of every measure depends on its being inviolably preserved, and therefore, we 
hope that you will leave nothing undone which can promote that end. In 
particular, as the Continental Congress, now sitting at Philadelphia, consists of 
delegates chosen in the most free and unbiassed manner, by the body of the 
people, let them not only be treated with respect, and encouraged in their dif- 
ficult service — not only let your prayers be offered up to God for his direction 
in their proceedings — but adhere firmly to their resolutions; and let it be seen 
that they are able to bring out the whole strength of this vast country to carry 
them into execution. We would also advise for the same purpose, that a 
spirit of candour, charity, and mutual esteem, be preserved and promoted to- 
wards those of different religious denominations. Persons of probity and 
principle of every profession, should be united together as servants of the 
same master, and the experience of our happy concord hitherto in a state oi 
liberty should engage all to unite in support of the common interest: for there 
is no example in history, in which civil liberty was destroyed, and the rights 
of conscience preserved entire. 

" Thirdly. We do earnestly exhort and beseech the societies under our 
care to be strict and vigilant in their private government, and to watch over 
the morals of their several members. It is with the utmost pleasure we re- 
mind you, that the last Continental Congress determined to discourage luxury 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 459 

in living, public diversions, and gaming of all kinds, which have so fatal an 
influence on the morals of the people. If it is undeniable that universal pro- 
fligacy makes a nation ripe for Divine judgments, and is the natural mean of 
bringing them to ruin, reformation of manners is of the utmost necessity in 
our present distress. At the same time, as it has been observed by many 
eminent writers, that the censorial power, which had for its object the man- 
ners of the public in the ancient free states,' was absolutely necessary to their 
continuance, we cannot help being of opinion that the only thing which we 
have now to supply the place of this is, the religious discipline of the several 
sects with respect to their own members; so that the denomination or profes- 
sion which shall take the most effectual care of the instruction of its members, 
and maintain its discipline in the fullest vigour, will do the most essential ser- 
vice to the whole body. For the very same reason the greatest service which 
magistrates, or persons in authority can do, with respect to the religion or 
morals of the people, is to defend and secure the rights of conscience in the 
most equal and impartial manner. 

" Fourthly. We cannot but recommend, and urge in the warmest manner, 
a regard to order and the public peace; and as in many places, during the con- 
fusions that prevail, legal proceedings have become difficult, it is hoped, that 
all persons will conscientiously pay their just debts, and to the utmost of their 
power serve one another, so that the evils inseparable from a civil war may 
not be augmented by wantonness and irregularity. 

" Fifthly. We think it of importance, at this time, to recommend to all of 
every rank, but especially to those who may be called to action, a spirit of 
humanity and mercy. Every battle of the warrior is with confused noise, 
and garments rolled in blood. It is impossible to appeal to the sword without 
being exposed to many scenes of cruelty and slaughter; but it is often ob- 
served, that civil wars are carried on with a rancour and spirit of revenge 
much greater than those between independent states. The injuries received, 
or supposed, in civil wars, wound more deeply than those of foreign enemies, 
it is therefore the more necessary to guard against this abuse, and recom- 
mend that meekness and gentleness of spirit, which is the noblest attendant 
on true valour. That man will fight most bravely, who never fights till it is 
necessary, and who ceases to fight as soon as the necessity is over. 

11 Lastly. We would recommend to all the societies under our care, not to 
content themselves with attending devoutly on general fasts, but to continue 
habitually in the exercise of prayer, and to have frequent occasional voluntary 
meetings for solemn intercession with God on the important trial. Those 
who are immediately exposed to danger need your sympathy; and we learn 
from the Scriptures, that fervency and importunity are the very characters of 
that prayer of the righteous man which availeth much. 

11 We conclude with our most earnest prayer, that the God of heaven may 
bless you in your temporal and spiritual concerns, and that the present unna- 
tural dispute may be speedily terminated by an equitable and lasting settle- 
ment on constitutional principles. 

"Signed in the name, presence, and by appointment of the Synod. 

" Benjamin Hait, Moderator. 
"New York, May 22d, 1775." 

N. B. The stated clerk is to insert the pastoral letter from a printed copy. 
The Synod agree that five hundred copies of said pastoral letter be printed; 
and order the Synodical treasurer to pay the expenses of printing, which is to 
be by the Synod refunded at their next meeting. 

Mr. Halsey dissents from that paragraph of said letter which contains the 
declarations of allegiance. 

Adjourned to meet at three o'clock, P. M. next Monday. 

Concluded with prayer. 
40 



470 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OP 

Monday, May 22, three o'clock, P. M. The Synod met according to 
adjournment. Post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of last sederunt be read. 

The committee appointed to meet with the corporation of the widows' 
fund read the report of their conduct in that matter, which is approved. 

The Synod appoint as a committee for the same purpose, the Rev. Messrs. 
Dr. Witherspoon, Dr. Rodgers, Richards, McWhorter, and Caldwell, to meet 
to-morrow at twelve o'clock. 

Mr. Samuel Kennedy, a candidate from Ireland, who appeared before the 
Synod in the years 1772, 1773, and last year, again appeared and offered a 
paper of complaints against the judicature, w T hich agreeable to order of Synod, 
had sat on his trial in June, 1773, and praying the Synod to give him a 
hearing. 

The Synod finding that said Mr. Kennedy had obeyed their last year's 
order, agreed to hear him. 

Mr. Kennedy having been heard at great length against said judicature, and 
Mr. Cooper having, as far as time would admit, in the name of the Presby- 
tery, replied to Mr. Kennedy's charges, the Synod agreed to defer the further 
hearing of this affair till next sederunt. 

Adjourned till nine o'clock to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 

May 23. The Synod met according to adjournment. Post preces sede- 
runt qui supra, 

Ordered, That the minutes of last sederunt be read. 

Proceeded to hear Mr. Kennedy's complaint against the judicature as men- 
tioned yesterday. Both parties were fully heard, and the Synod unanimously 
agreed that Mr. Kennedy had not supported his complaint, and we do there- 
fore dismiss it as frivolous and groundless. 

Mr. John Woodhull requested leave of absence, which was granted. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

Three o'clock, P. M. The Synod met according to adjournment. Post 
preces, sederunt qui supra, 

Ordered, To read the minutes of last sederunt. 

The Rev. Mr. Samuel Sacket, a member of New York Presbytery, re- 
quests to be disannexed from the Presbytery to which he now belongs and 
restored to the Presbytery of Dutchess county. . His request is granted, and 
he is accordingly to be received and enrolled as a member of the said Pres- 
bytery. 

The Synod proceeded to consider the business of supplies. The Synod 
order the Synodical treasurer to pay to Mr. Irwin nine pounds, nine shillings 
and three pence, on account of his mission on the western frontiers of Penn- 
sylvania and Virginia; to Mr. Jones for supplying, one pound, rive shillings 
and eight pence; to Mr. Richards for ditto, three pounds eleven shillings; to 
Mr. Hait for ditto, two pounds two shillings; to Mr. Elmer for ditto, seven- 
teen shillings; to Mr. Kerr for ditto, one pound six shillings. 

Mr. Ebenezer Brooks is appointed to spend five months in supplying 
amongst the vacancies in the colony of Virginia before our next meeting of 
Synod, under the care of the Hanover Presbytery. 

Mr. Debow to supply nine months amongst the Carolina vacancies before 
the next meeting of Synod, under the care of the Presbytery of Orange. 

Mr. Keith, Mr. Hunter, jun'r. and Mr. Fithian. are appointed each oi 
them to supply three months under the care of the Presbytery of Donegall, 
and each of them three months under the care of the Presbvterv of Hanover 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 47 1 

before our next meeting; and also to spend what time they can in supplying 
under the care of the Presbytery of Orange. 

Ordered, That Mr. Sproat, the stated clerk, furnish each of the above men- 
tioned gentlemen with proper certificates for their mission. 

A supplication from the Presbyterian Congregation in Albany, praying for 
supplies, and that some members of the Synod may be sent to visit the coun- 
try to the northward of the city, and that their congregation may be taken 
from under the care of the Presbytery of Dutchess and put under the care of 
the Presbytery of New York, was brought in and read; the said congregation, 
agreeable to their request, are put under the care of the Presbytery of New York. 

Mr. Ichabod Lewis is appointed to spend six Sabbaths in supplying in Al- 
bany, Charlotte, and Tryon counties, in the province of New York, to set out 
on this mission about the middle of June next ; Mr. Burnet to supply his pul- 
pit the fourth Sabbath in June at the While Plains, Mr. Samuel Sacket the 
first Sabbath of July at the White Plains, Mr. Mead the second Sabbath of 
July at the White Plains, Dr. Rodgers the third Sabbath of July at New Ro- 
chelle, Mr. Mills the fourth Sabbath of July at the White Plains, Mr. Barret 
the last Sabbath of July at the White Plains. 

Mr. Miller is appointed to supply every fifth Sabbath until our next meet- 
ing, at his discretion, in the vacancies in the neighbourhood of Schenectady. 

Mr. Kerr is appointed to set out about the middle of September on a mis- 
sion in the above mentioned counties, and spend six Sabbaths in supplying in 
those parts. 

Mr. John Close to supply Mr. Kerr's pulpit the last Sabbath of September; 
Mr. Amzi Lewis the first Sabbath of October, Mr. Moffat the second, Mr. 
David Close the third, Mr. Case the fourth, and Mr. Grover the fifth. 

Adjourned to meet at the first Presbyterian church in Philadelphia, the third 
Wednesday of next May, at ten o'clock, A. M. Concluded with prayer. 

Philadelphia, May 22d, 1776, ten o'clock, A. M. 

The Synod of New York and Philadelphia met according to adjournment 
at the first Presbyterian church. Vbi post preces sederunt, 

Present: Of the Presbytery of New York: The Rev. Benjamin Hait and 
Jedidiah Chapman. 

Of the Presbytery of New Brunswick: The Rev. William Zanchy. 

Of the first Philadelphia Presbytery: The Rev. Richard Treat, James 
Sproat, George Duffield, Alexander Mitchell, William Hollingshead, and 
Nathaniel Irwin. 

Of the second Philadelphia Presbytery: The Rev. Dr. Alison and Dr. 
Ewing. 

Of the Presbytery of New Castle: The Rev. Robert Smith, William Fors- 
ter, John Woodhull, James Wilson, and James Anderson. 

Of the Presbytery of Donegall: The Rev. John Craighead and Robert 
Cooper. 

Elders present: Messrs. Thomas Bourne, Benjamin Snodgrass, and Wil- 
liam Davidson. 

Absent: Of the New York Presbytery: The Rev. Alexander McWhorter 
James Caldwell, Aaron Richards, Roe, Jones, Elmer, Greer, Vanarsdale 
Woodruff, and Treat. 

Of New Brunswick Presbytery: The Rev. Messrs. McKnight, Smith 
Guild, Reed, Kennedy, Peppard, Hannah, and Lyon. 

Of the first Philadelphia Presbytery : The Rev. Messrs. Greenman, Brain 
erd, Green, McCalla. 

Of the second Philadelphia Presbytery: The Rev. Messrs. Steel and Si 
monton. 



472 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 



Of the New Castle Presbytery: The Rev. Messrs. Clark, Montgomery, 
and Reed. 

Of the Presbytery of Donegall : The Rev. Messrs. Thompson, Rhea, Hogg, 
Hunt, Amos Thompson, Long, King, Vance, Black, Dougal, and McFerran. 

The whole Presbyteries of Lewestown, Hanover, Orange, Dutchess, and 
Suffolk. 

Mr. Benjamin Hait, moderator for the last year, opened the Synod with a 
sermon from 1 Timothy i. 12. 

The Continental Congress having appointed a general fast to be kept on 
the 17th of this instant, several members from different Presbyteries applied 
to the moderator, requesting him to give public notice for the postponing the 
meeting of Synod until the fourth Wednesday of this month, in order that the 
ministers might attend with their congregations on said fast day, with which 
the moderator complied; and accordingly the Synod have now convened, 
and however, the Synod judge and hereby declare, that the Sy nodical mode- 
rator has not authority, either with or without the concurrence of particular 
members, to alter the time of meeting to w T hich the Synod stands adjourned, 
yet in the present extraordinary case they approve of what the moderator has 
done. 

The time being now elapsed, and few members being present, the choice 
of a moderator and clerks for the ensuing sessions, is deferred till the after- 
noon. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

Three o'clock, P. M. The Synod met according to adjournment. Post 
preces sederunt qui supra, 

Mr. James Finley is now come, his reasons for not coming sooner, sus- 
tained; his elder is Mr. Amos Alexander. 

Ordered, To read the minutes of last sederunt. 

The Rev. Messrs. Elder, Rosborough, Latta, and Mitchell, are now come, 
their reasons for not attending sooner, sustained. 

The Synod proceeded to choose a moderator and clerks, accordingly Mr. 
Cooper was chosen moderator, and Mr. Forster and Mr. Chapman clerks. 

Dr. Witherspoon and Mr. Carmichael are now come, their reasons for not 
coming sooner, sustained. Mr. Samuel Holliday, .Mr. Carmichael's elder, 
and Mr. John Whitehill, Mr. Robert Smith's elder, are now come. 

Ordered, To read the minutes of last Synod. 

Those of the members now present, who did not attend at the last meeting 
of Synod, gave reasons for their non-attendance, which are sustained. 

Mr. Rosborough's elder, Mr. John Walker, is now come. 

New Brunswick Presbytery report, that since our last they have ordained 
Mr. Diboa to the work of the gospel ministry, who being present took his 
seat; and that they have licensed Messrs. John Worford and Hugh White. 

The first Philadelphia Presbytery report, that the Rev. Messrs. Andrew 
Hunter and Benjamin Chesnutt were removed by death: Mr. Chesnutt the 
twenty-first day of July, and Mr. Hunter the twenty-eighth day of July, 1775: 
and have ordained Mr. Israel Evans and Mr. William Lynn to qualify them 
to act as chaplains in the army, to which they had been appointed; and have 
licensed Mr. James Greer since our last; Mr. Lynn being present took his 
seat. 

Donegall Presbytery report, that the Rev. Mr, John Roan was removed by 
death the second day of last October; and have ordained Mr. John Black and 
Samuel Dougal to the work of the gospel ministry. 

They also report that they have received the Rev. Mr. MeFarqnhar from 
Scotland, and laid the credentials upon which they received him before the 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 473 

Synod, with which the Synod being satisfied, Mr. McFarquhar being present, 
took his seat. 

New Castle Presbytery report, that they have dismissed Mr. Samuel Stan- 
hope Smith, to join Hanover Presbytery, and Mr. Ebenezer Brooks, to join 
Lewe-stown Presbytery, and Mr. John McMillan, to Donegall Presbytery. 

Mr. Tennent is now come, and his reasons for not coming sooner, sustain- 
ed ; his elder, Peter Firmin, is also come. 

Mr. Halsey is now come, his reasons for not coming sooner, sustained. 

Messrs. Benjamin Hait, Schanck, Mitchell, Finley, Woodhull, McFarqu- 
har, and Craighead, with elders, Messrs. William Davidson, John Whitehill, 
and John Walker, are appointed a committee of overtures, to meet in this 
place to-morrow morning, at six o'clock, and by adjournments from time to 
time. 

The minutes of the last Convention were brought in and read. 

The Synod considering the distracted situation of our public affairs, judge 
that an attendance on the Convention by any of their members the ensuing 
appointment will be impracticable, and order Dr. Rodgers to inform the Gene- 
ral Association as early as possible thereof, together with their design of send- 
ing members to attend at the place appointed, on the third Wednesday of Sep- 
tember, 1777. 

The Synod appoint Dr. Rodgers, Dr. Witherspoon, and Messrs. William 
Tennent, John Guild, Elihu Spencer, Jeremiah Halsey, Richard Treat, Israel 
Read, Alexander McWhorter, and Azel Roe, to be a committee, any three of 
whom to be a quorum, to meet at Princeton, the third Wednesday in August, 
to dispose of the sum appropriated to the education of pious youth, for the pre- 
sent year; and also to inquire into the state of the three hundred pounds hither- 
to appropriated to the Indian mission, and report to the Synod at their next 
meeting. 

The Synod agree to allow Mr. Brainerd the interest of the three hundred 
pounds in the hands of the College of New Jersey for the Indian mission, the 
ensuing year. 

Ordered, That the several Presbyteries present, give in a list of their ab- 
sent members to-morrow morning. 

Mr. Patrick Alison, and Mr. McPherrin, are appointed a committee to ex- 
amine the New York Presbytery book. 

Dr. Witherspoon requested leave to go home, which request is granted. 

Adjourned till to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 

Nine o'clock, A. M. The Synod met according to adjournment. Post 
preces sederunt qui supra, 

(Except Dr. Witherspoon, who had leave of absence.) 

Ordered, To read the minutes of last sederunt. 

Ordered, To proceed in reading the minutes of last Synod. 

The Synod have no account whether Mr. Brooks fulfilled his appointment 
of the last year. 

Messrs. Debow, Kieth, Hunter, Fithian, Ichabod Lewis, Nathan Kerr, and 
Alexander Miller, fulfilled their missions as appointed at our last. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the committee of overtures be brought in and 

read. 

The Synod proceeded to take in supplications for supplies. 

A supplication of the Presbyterian Society of Buffalo Warrior's Run, and 
Penn's Valley, was brought in and read. 

Application was made by Mr. Debow, in behalf of North Carolina, for 
supplies. 

40* 



474 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

Application was made by the moderator, in behalf of the vacancies in the 
western parts of this province. 

The Synod made inquiry of their missionaries, Messrs. Keith and Hunter, 
respecting the support they received during their mission, and find that Mr. 
Keith received for the term of one year, the sum of forty-two pounds; Mr. 
Hunter, for eight months, the sum of nineteen pounds ten shillings. The 
Synod not being able now to ascertain the state of their fund for the supply of 
missionaries, leave the further consideration of this matter until the afternoon. 
The Synod proceeded to appoint supplies. 

The first Philadelphia Presbytery applied to the Synod for their concur- 
rence to ordain Mr. Keith, a licensed candidate under their care, sine titulo, 
in case of his going out to supply at Canetuck, to which the Synod agreed, if 
they shall find their way clear to proceed to his ordination. 

The Synod received the Rev. Mr. Hugh McGill, as a member of the 
second Presbytery of Philadelphia. 

The Synod appoint Mr. McGill to supply in the western parts of this pro- 
vince for the space of eight months, between this time and our next meeting, 
under the direction of the Donegall Presbytery. 

The Synod also appoint Mr. Hugh White, a candidate under the care of 
New Brunswick Presbytery, to supply four months within the bounds of 
Donegall Presbytery, at their direction, and the remaining part of his time, 
until our next, in the southern provinces. 

The Synod also appoint Mr. Carmichael to supply the two months of Oc- 
tober and November, in the northern and western parts of this province. 

Ordered, That the Presbytery of New Castle supply his place four Sab- 
baths during his absence. 

Whereas the Synod cannot, at this time, make sufficient provision for the 
vacancies under their care, they recommend it to the first Philadelphia Pres- 
bytery, and Presbytery of New Castle, as they have a number of candidates 
under their care, to afford what supplies they can until our next, to the 
western and southern parts. 

Ordered, That the missionaries be furnished with proper testimonials by 
the stated Synodical clerk. 

The Presbytery of New Castle applied to the Synod for their concurrence 
in case their way should appear clear, to ordain Mr. Power, a licensed candi-* 
date under their care, as he purposes to remove to the western parts of this 
province. The Synod agree to grant the request. 

The Synod appoint as a commission for the present year, the Rev. Messrs. 
Richard Treat, John Miller, Matthew Wilson, John King, Joseph Montgo- 
mery, David Caldwell, John Todd, James Finley, William Forster, George 
Duffield, Dr. Alison, Patrick Alison, William Tennent, Dr. Witherspoon, 
Elihu Spencer, Jeremiah Halsey, Alexander McWhorter, Azariah Horton, 
Dr. Rodgers, James Caldwell, David Roe, Wheeler Case, James Sproat, 
John Simonton, John Brainerd, Israel Read, Dr. Ewing, and Thomas Lewis, 
with the moderator; and elders, Messrs. Thomas Bourne, John Whitehill, 
Amos Alexander, Benjamin Snodgrass, John Walker. James Ewing, Samuel 
Holliday, William Davidson, and Anthony Tate, twenty of whom shall be a 
quorum, and in case of the death of the moderator, the first on the above list 
shall be moderator, and shall call the commission if necessary. 
Adjourned till three o'clock. Concluded with prayer. 

Three o'clock, P. M. The Synod met according to adjournment. Post 

preces sederunt qui supra. 
Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 
Mr. Alexander Miller informed the Synod that he had supplied for eight 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 475 

Sabbaths in the neighbourhood of Schenectady, for which he received the sum 
of two pounds, nine shillings, and four pence, and further proposes, if any 
moderate compensation should be allowed from the Synod's fund, he would 
still continue to spend a fourth part of his time in those places. 

The Synod appoint the Rev. Messrs. Halsey and Latta a committee, to ad- 
just and lay before them, against to-morrow morning, the sums to be allowed 
the several missionaries appointed at our last. 

An appeal was brought in by Mr. Bay, from a judgment of the Presbytery 
of New York, of June the 20th, 1775, by which the pastoral relation be- 
tween him and his congregation was dissolved, and was read. 

After having fully heard all parties, the Synod defer the consideration 
thereof till to-morrow. 

Adjourned till nine o'clock to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 

Nine o'clock, A. M. the Synod met according to adjournment. Post 
preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. 

The Synod resumed the consideration of Mr. Bay's affair, and after some 
time spent thereon, agreed to defer the final determination of it till next sede- 
runt. 

Messrs. Spencer, Carmichael, and Forster, have leave of absence. 

Adjourned till ten o'clock, Monday morning. Concluded with prayer. 

May 27th, ten o'clock. A. M. The Synod met according to adjournment. 
Post preces sederunt qui supra, 

Ordered, To read the minutes of last sederunt. 

The New Castle Presbytery applied for the opinion of Synod concerning a 
marriage, the circumstances whereof were particularly related, whether it was 
to be held incestuous or not, and the Synod resolved that it was not inces- 
tuous. 

The Synod renewed the consideration of Mr. Bay's appeal, and after ma- 
ture deliberation, confirmed that part of the Presbytery's judgment which 
dissolves the union between Mr. Bay and his congregation, and with respect to 
the latter part of said judgment; the Synod are of opinion that it would have 
been proper to have recommended to the parties, to leave the settlement of all 
matters respecting the glebe and its appurtenances, to arbitrators mutually 
chosen; and they further advise, that if any disagreement should hereafter 
arise between Mr. Bay and the congregation of Newtown, respecting said 
glebe and appurtenances, that they decide them in the same way. 

Adjourned till five o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

Five o'clock, P. M. The Synod met according to adjournment. Post 

preces sederunt qui supra. 
But as a sufficient number to do business did not attend, it was thought 
proper to adjourn till to-morrow morning at nine o'clock. 
Concluded with prayer. 

May 28th, nine o'clock. A. M. The Synod met according to adjournment. 
Post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of last sederunt be read. 

The decision of the Synod on Mr. Bay's appeal was read, both parties 
being present. 

Dr. Rodgers in the behalf of the Presbytery of New York, requested an 
attested copy of the above judgment, which is granted, and the clerk is or- 
dered to give it. 



476 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

Mr. Bay, in a solemn manner, declared his declining the jurisdiction of this 
Synod for the future, and against having any further connection with it. 

The reference from the Presbytery of New Castle, respecting the propriety 
of admitting young men upon trials for the ministry without their having ob- 
tained a college diploma, was taken into consideration, in answer to which the 
Synod observe, that the superior advantages attending an education in public 
seminaries, render it highly expedient to encourage the young men to finish 
their academical studies in such institutions as means of securing 1 a learned 
ministry; and Presbyteries are ordered to promote this end by warmly recom- 
mending it to those who have the ministry in view. Yet as Presbvteries are 
the proper judges to determine concerning the literary and other requisite 
qualifications for the ministerial office, it is not intended to preclude from ad- 
mission to trial, those who have not had the opportunity of obtaining public 
testimonials or degrees from public seminaries. 

The report of the committee appointed last year to meet with the corpora- 
tion of the widows' fund, and dispose of the money in their hands, not yet 
brought in. The Synod appoint for the same purpose this year the Rev. 
Messrs. Richard Treat, Dr. Rodgers, Halsey, Patrick Alison, and Duffield, to 
meet with the corporation as soon as convenient. 

The committee appointed to receive an account of the sums received by the 
missionaries appointed by the Synod, and consider what additional sums may 
be allowed to any of them, recommend that Messrs. Hunter and Fithian be 
allowed each of them ten pounds in addition to what they received in their 
mission, which the Synod approve of, and direct to the stated clerk to furnish 
them, when required, with an order on the Synodical treasurer for that sum. 

A letter from the Presbytery of Orange was brought in and read, informing 
that they have since last Synod licensed Messrs. Robert Archibald, Thomas 
Harris McCalla, and James Hall, to preach the gospel, and request the Synod 
to send as many supplies as they can to the relief of the numerous vacancies 
in those parts. 

The committee formerly appointed at Philadelphia for the purpose of buy- 
ing and distributing among the frontier inhabitants, books of practical religion, 
report that they have executed the trust committed to them. 

The committee appointed to review the New Y'ork Presbytery book make 
no report. 

The committee appointed to review the first Philadelphia and Donegall 
Presbytery books, brought in those books; approved, except a few omissions 
in transcribing. 

Adjourned to the third Wednesday of next May, to meet at ten o'clock, 
A. M. at the second Presbyterian church in this city. 

Concluded with prayer. 

Philadelphia, May 21**, 1777. 

The Synod of New Y r ork and Philadelphia met at the second Presbyterian 
church according to adjournment. Ubi post preces sederunt. 

Present: From the Presbytery of New Y'ork: Rev. Dr. Alexander Mc- 
Whorter, Messrs. James Caldwell, Jacob Yanarsdalen. 

From the Presbytery of New Brunswick: Rev. Dr. John Witherspoon, 
Mr. Elihu Spencer. 

From the first Philadelphia Presbytery: Rev. Dr. Richard Treat, Messrs. 
James Sproat, John Brainerd, Alexander Mitchell, Nathaniel Irwin. Daniel 
McCalla. 

From the second Philadelphia Presbytery: Rev. Dr. Francis Alison, Dr. 
John Ewing, Mr. Robert McMordie. 

From the Presbytery of New Casde: Rev. Messrs. Robert Smidi, Joseph 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 477 

Montgomery, John Carmichael, James Anderson, Thomas Read, Joseph 
Smith, Robert Davidson. 

From the Presbytery of Donegall: Rev. Messrs. Robert Cooper, Collin 
McFarquhar, James Martin. 

From the Presbytery of Lewestown: Rev. Mr. Ebenezer Brooks. 

From the Presbytery of Hanover: Rev Mr. Samuel Stanhope Smith. 

Absent : Of the Presbytery of New York : Rev. Dr. Rodgers, Dr. Knox, 
Messrs. Jones, Green, Horton, Hait, Woodruff, Thomas Lewis, Treat, El- 
mer, Richards, Brush, Roe, Chapman, Kerr, Close, Woodhull, Miller, Bur- 
net, Grover, Bradford, Amzi Lewis, and Moffatt. 

Of the Presbytery of New Brunswick: Rev. Messrs. McKnight, Thomas 
Smith, Schenck, Guild, Israel Reed, Kennedy, Hals§y, Peppard, Prudden, 
Lyon, Debow, Worford, and Gurley. 

Of the first Philadelphia Presbytery: Rev. Messrs. Greenman, Duffield, 
Boyd, Watt, Hollingshead, Keith, and Evans. 

Of the second Philadelphia Presbytery: Rev. Messrs. John Steel, Elder, 
Simonton, Patrick Alison, and McGill. 

Of the Presbytery of New Castle: Rev. Messrs. McDowell, Finley, Me- 
Kennan, Latta, Clark, Forster, McCreary, John Woodhull, James Wilson, 
and Joseph Smith. 

Of the Presbytery of Donegall: Rev. Messrs. Samuel Thompson, Hunt, 
Hogg, Amos Thompson, Rhea, Slemmons, Craighead, King, Lang, Vance, 
McFerran, Black, Dougal, Linn, McMillan, McKnight. 

The whole Presbyteries of Suffolk, Hanover, (except the Rev. Mr. Samuel 
Stanhope Smith,) Orange, and Dutchess. 

The whole Presbytery of Lewes, except Mr. Brooks, ut supra. 

Elders present: The Hon. Peartree Smith, Esq., Messrs. James Thomson, 
William Faulconer, William Ramsey. 

Mr. Robert Cooper, moderator for the last year, opened the Synod with a 
sermon from John v. 35. 

Mr. John Carmichael was chosen moderator, and Dr. Ewing and Mr, 
McCalla clerks. 

Ordered, That the minutes of last Synod be read. 

First Philadelphia Presbytery report, that the Rev. Mr. Enoch Green is 
removed by death since our last, likewise Mr. Philip Fithian, a licensed can- 
didate ; and that they have ordained Mr Robert Keith, to qualify him to act 
as a chaplain in the army, to which he had been appointed. 

New Castle Presbytery report, that they have ordained Mr. James Power 
to the work of the gospel ministry ; and licensed Messrs. William Smith, 
James Armstrong, and George Lucky, to preach the gospel. 

Donegall Presbytery report, that they have ordained to the work of the 
gospel ministry, Messrs. John McMillan and John McKnight; and licensed 
to preach, Messrs. David Bard, Samuel Waugh, and John Linn. 

New Brunswick Presbytery report, that the Rev. Mr. William Tennent 
departed this life March 8th, 1777; and that the Rev. Mr. John Rosborough 
was barbarously murdered by the enemy at Trenton on January second; they 
further report, that they have ordained to the work of the sacred ministry, 
Mr. John Worford; and licensed to preach the gospel Mr. John Zelyne. 

New York Presbytery report, that the Rev. Mr. Azariah Horton was re- 
moved by death since our last Synod. 

Messrs. Robert Smith, Spencer, McFarquhar, with Mr. James Thomson, 
elder, are appointed a committee of overtures, to meet in this place to-morrow 
at eight o'clock, A. M. and by adjournments afterward as occasion may 
require. 

The Synod are of opinion that they cannot send any members to meet the 



478 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

general convention on the third Wednesday of September next, and order Mr. 
Sproat to give notice thereof to the General Association of Connecticut, and 
that the Synod will cheerfully appoint members to attend said convention 
whenever the situation of public affairs will admit of it. 

The Synod appoint as a commission for the present year, the Rev. Dr. 
Richard Treat, Messrs. John Miller, Matthew Wilson, Dr. John Ewing, Jo- 
seph Montgomery, David Caldwell, John Todd, James Finley, William 
Forster, George Dufneld, Dr. Francis Alison, Patrick Alison, Dr. John Wi- 
therspoon, Elihu Spencer, Jeremiah Halsey, Dr. Alexander McWhorter, Dr. 
John Rodgers, James Caldwell, Azel Roe, Wheeler Case, James Sproat, 
John Simonton, John Brainerd, Israel Reed, and Thomas Lewis, with the 
moderator; and elder%, James Thompson and William Faulconer, thirteen of 
whom shall be a quorum; and in case of the death of the moderator, the first 
on the above list shall be moderator, and shall call the commission if neces- 
sary. 

Ordered, That the Presbytery of New Castle bring their minutes respecting 
the case of a marriage referred by them to the last session of Synod, and en- 
tered on the Synod's minutes, page 299, at the next meeting of Synod, that 
they may be enabled to explain or correct the decision then given by them. 

Adjourned till nine o'clock to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 

22d day, nine o'clock, A. M. The Synod met according to adjournment. 
Post preccs sederunt qui supra, 

(Together with the Rev. Messrs. John Brainerd, Joseph Smith, and Alex- 
ander Mitchel, whose reasons for not attending at the opening of Synod, are 
sustained.) 

Ordered, To read the minutes of last sederunt. 

The Rev. Messrs. Dr. McWhorter, Nathaniel Irwin, James Caldwell, and 
Robert Davidson, are now come, their reasons for not attending sooner, deem- 
ed sufficient. Mr. Irwin's elder, Mr. William Ramsay: Mr. Caldwell's 
elder, the Honourable Peartree Smith, Esquire. 

The Rev. Mr. James Martin, a member of the Associate Presbytery of 
Pennsylvania, appeared before us, and signified his desire to converse with 
this Synod, with a view to his being received as a member of our body; and 
the Synod having conversed with him, and heard at considerable length, his 
sentiments on the doctrines of the gospel, and terms of Christian and minis- 
terial communion, and having had sufficient testimonials of his moral cha 
ter, and his good standing in the ministry, in the church of which he has been 
a member, do unanimously agree to receive him as a member of this body, 
and appoint him a member of the Presbytery of Donegall. 

Dr. McWhorter, Messrs. Montgomery, Spencer. James Caldwell, and 
Thomas Read, three of whom to be a quorum, are appointed the Synod's 
committee, to meet the corporation for the widows' fund, to dispose of the 
money in the hands of said corporation for charitable uses, said committee to 
meet to-morrow morning, at six o'clock, at this place. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

Eodem die, three o'clock, P. M. The Synod met according to adjourn- 
ment. Post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, To read the minutes of last sederunt. 

The Synod taking into consideration the Low and declining state of religion 
among us, and the abounding of iniquity, for which an holy and jealous God 
yet continues to visit our country with his righteous judgments, appoint the 
second Thursday of June, to be observed by the churches under their care, 
as a day of public humiliation, fasting, and prayer. And the Synod earn. 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 479 

recommend it to them, to improve a part of the last Thursday in every month 
for public or social prayer, as their circumstances may allow. 

A petition from the second congregation of Wilmington, in conjunction 
with Brandywine congregation, was brought before the Synod through the 
hands of the committee of overtures, requesting the Synod to review a judg- 
ment of theirs in the year 1774, respecting the said second congregation. But 
as the parties are not present the Synod judge that they cannot, at present, 
enter into the consideration of it, but order it to be laid before the Presbytery 
of New Castle, who are desired by this Synod to notify the parties to attend, 
and to issue the whole affair, any thing in the minute of the Synod to the 
contrary notwithstanding. 

Adjourned till nine o'clock to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 

23d day, nine o'clock, A. M. The Synod met according to adjournment. 
Post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, To read the minutes of last sederunt. 

The Synod appoint the interest of three hundred pounds in the hands of 
the corporation of the College of New Jersey, for an Indian mission, to be 
given to Mr. Brainerd for his last year's services. 

The Synod do agree to take the three hundred pounds appointed for an In- 
dian mission, out of the hands of the corporation of the College of New Jer- 
sey, and put it into the hands of Dr. Ewing as their treasurer, who is to put 
it into the continental loan office, and manage the same. 

Mr. Samuel Stanhope Smith is now come, and his reasons for not attend- 
ing sooner are sustained. 

A petition from the congregation of Deep Run, in Bucks county, request- 
ing that they may be set off from the second Presbytery, and put under the 
care of the first Presbytery of Philadelphia, was brought before the Synod 
through the hands of the committee of overtures, and read. The Synod hav- 
ing conversed upon it, do grant the prayer of the said petition, and the first 
Philadelphia Presbytery is ordered to take the care of that congregation for 
the future. 

By the committee of overtures, a supplication from the congregation of 
Allentown, in the forks of Delaware, requesting that they may be set off 
from the Presbytery of New Brunswick, and put under the care of the first 
Presbytery of Philadelphia, to whom they formerly belonged, was brought in 
and read. The Presbytery of New Brunswick freely concurring, the Synod 
grant the supplicants' request, and the first Philadelphia Presbytery is ordered 
to take said congregation under their care. 

A supplication from a society of Highland Scots, at Southerland, was 
brought in by the committee of overtures, and read, requesting that the Synod 
would supply them with books, and appoint Mr. McFarquhar to preach and 
administer gospel ordinances amongst them. This Synod taking their re- 
quest into consideration, do order a collection of books to be made throughout 
their Presbyteries for those people, and appoint Mr. McFarquhar to supply 
them some time, and administer gospel ordinances as he sees proper; and also 
to supply the adjacent vacant congregations, in Northumberland, four Sab- 
baths ; and they order the Presbytery of Donegall to supply Mr. McFarqu- 
har's pulpit in the mean time. 

Dr. Witherspoon reports that there is a balance of fifty-eight pounds, six 
shillings, and nine pence halfpenny, in his hands, due to the Synod. 

Mr. Ebenezer Brooks is now come, and his reasons for non-attendance 
sooner, are sustained. 

Adjourned to meet at Philadelphia the third Wednesday in May next, at 
ten o'clock, A. M., at the first Presbyterian Church. Concluded with prayer. 



480 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

Bedminster, May 20th, 1778. 

The Synod of New York and Philadelphia met at Bedminster, in Somer- 
set county, New Jersey, in consequence of an advertisement in the news- 
papers by the moderator, agreeably to the advice of a number of the members, 
it not being practicable to meet in Philadelphia according to the adjournment 
of last year, as that city is now in the possession of the enemy. Ubi post 
preces sederunt. 

Of New York Presbytery: The Rev. Messrs. Timothy Jones, Dr. Alexan- 
der McWhorter, and Jacob Vanarsdalen. 

Of New Brunswick Presbytery : The Rev. Messrs. Elihu Spencer, Israel 
Read, Samuel Kennedy, Francis Peppard, and Jeremiah Halsey. 

Of the first Philadelphia Presbytery: The Rev. Mr. James Boyd. 

Of the New Castle Presbytery: The Rev. Mr. John Carmichael. 

Elders: Messrs. Jehu Adams, Philip Condict, and William Annan. 

Absent: Of New York Presbytery: The Rev. Messrs. Dr. John Rodders, 
Dr. Hugh Knox, Joseph Treat, James Caldwell, Azel Roe, Benjamin Hait, 
Jonathan Elmer, Benjamin Woodruff, Aaron Richards, Jacob Green, Jedi- 
diah Chapman, Joseph G rover, Simon Horton, William Woodhull, Nathan 

Kerr, Lewis, John MofTatt, Andrew King, John Close, Abner Brush, 

Mathias Burnet, Alexander Miller, and Ebenezer Bradford. 

Of New Brunswick Presbytery: The Rev. Dr. John Witherspoon, and 
the Rev. Messrs. John Guild, Thomas Smith, William Schenck, John Han- 
na, John Warford, and James Lyon. 

Of the first Presbytery of Philadelphia: The Rev. Dr. Richard Treat, and 
the Rev. Messrs. James Sproat, John Brainerd, Nehemiah Greenman, James 
Watt, William Hollingshead, George Duflieid, Alexander Mitchell, Nathaniel 
Irvine, Daniel McCalla, Robert Keith, and Israel Evans. 

Of New Castle Presbytery: The Rev. Messrs. Alexander McDowell, Ro- 
bert Smith, Joseph Smith, Thomas Smith, William Foster, John Woodhull, 
James Latta, John Clark, John McCreary, William McKennan, James Fin- 
ley, James Wilson, Joseph Montgomery, Thomas Reed, and James Ander- 
son. 

And the whole of the Presbyteries of Dutchess, Suffolk, the second Phila- 
delphia, Lewestown, Donegall, Hanover, and Orange. 

The Synod was opened by the Rev. Mr. John Carmichael, moderator last 
year, by a sermon on John iii. 30, first clause. 

The Rev. Mr. Jones was chosen moderator, and the Rev. Mr. Halsev 
clerk. 

Neither the Synod book nor the minutes of last year being present, the 
Synod agreed to proceed on such business as may now come before them. 

The Presbytery of New Y"ork report, that the Rev. Thomas Lewis is de- 
ceased since our last; and that they have ordained to the work of the ministry 
the Rev. Mr. Thaddeus Dod, sine titulo, in consequence of liberty obtained 
from the Synod for that purpose. 

New Castle Presbytery report, that they have licensed Mr. George Luckie 
to preach the gospel, and ordained the Rev. Mr. James Armstrong to the 
work of the ministry, sme titido. As the New Castle Presbytery book is not 
present, the consideration of the propriety of Mr. Armstrong's ordination is 
deferred till next Synod. 

New Brunswick Presbytery report, that the Rev. Mr. Charles McKnight 
departed this life last January; and that they have licensed Mr. George 
Faitout to preach the gospel. 

The first Philadelphia Presbytery report, that they have licensed Mr. Hugh 
Montgomery Brackenridge to preach the gospel. 

The reasons assigned by Messrs. Jones, Read, and Halsey. for their ab- 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 43 1 

sence from last Synod, and by Messrs. Kennedy and Peppard for their ab- 
sence from Synod for several years, were sustained. 

As none of the Presbytery books, except that of New Brunswick, are pre- 
sent, the examination of that book is deferred till next Synod. 

The Synod appoint the Rev. Messrs. Van Arsdalen, Peppard, Boyd, and 
Carmichael, with Messrs. Adams and Annan, a committee of bills and over- 
tures, to meet here to-morrow morning, at eight o'clock. 

Adjourned till nine o'clock to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 

21 st day, nine, A. M. Post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, To read the minutes of last sederunt. 

The Synod appoint as a commission for the ensuing year, the Rev. Dr. 
McWhorter, the Rev. Messrs. James Caldwell, Azel Roe, Elihu Spencer, 
Israel Read, Jeremiah Halsey, Dr. Richard Treat, James Sproat, James Boyd, 
Dr. Alison, Alexander McDowell, Robert Smith, William Foster, John Car- 
michael, Rohert Cowper, John Craighead, and Thomas McFerrin, with the 
moderator; and Messrs. John Adams, William Annan, and Philip Condict, 
elders, thirteen of whom to be a quorum. The commission to be convened 
by the moderator, (as occasion may require,) who is also to preside; and in 
'•:'-<■ of his death or disability, the first surviving member on the roll to call 
the meeting; and the first on the roll of the members, when met, to preside. 

Mr. Warlord is now come, his reasons for non-attendance last year, and 
not sooner now, sustained. 

Mr. Warford informs the Synod, that a certain David Allen, some time ago 
deceased, in the Forks of Delaware, did, as he has been informed, bequeath a 
considerable sum to the Synod, for the education of poor and pious youth for 
the ministry. Mr. Warford is ordered to inquire into this affair, and to receive 
the money, if to be had, and make report to next Synod. 

The committee appointed last year to dispose of the interest of the charita- 
ble fund in the hand of the trustees of the college of New Jersey, for the edu- 
cation of poor and pious youth for the ministry, report, that they met accord- 
ing to appointment, but as no objects offered, no distribution was made of any 
part of it. 

The Synod appoint the Rev. Messrs. Spencer, Read, Halsey, Caldwell, and 
Dr. McWhorter a committee to meet at Princeton, the last Wednesday of next 
September, to dispose of the interest of said fund. 

The committee appointed last year to dispose of the interest of the money 
belonging to the Synod, in the hand of the corporation for the widows' fund, 
report, that they met as appointed, and made disposition. 

The appointment of a committee to dispose of the interest of the above 
money for the past year, was deferred till the meeting of next Synod. 

The committee of bills and overtures report, that they have no business to 
lay before the Synod. 

The Synod, taking into their most serious consideration, that the lamentable 
decay of vital piety, for which we have had so much reason to mourn for sev- 
eral years past, still continues; that gross immoralities are increasing to an 
awful degree ; and that the calamities of war are yet permitted to afflict our 
land, do therefore agree to renew the recommendation of last Synod to all our 
congregations, to spend the last Thursday of every month, or a part of it, in 
fervent prayer to God, that he would be pleased to pour out his Spirit on the 
inhabitants of our land, and prepare us for deliverance from the chastenings he 
hath righteously inflicted upon us for our sins ; that he would graciously smile 
on our arms", and those of our illustrious ally, by land and sea; and grant a 
speedy and happy conclusion to the present war. And it is earnestly recom- 
mended to the several Presbyteries, to take care that this recommendation be 
41 



482 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

complied with. And the clerk is ordered to transmit a copy of this minute to 
the moderator of every Presbytery ; to be communicated. 

The Synod taking into their consideration the non-attendance of many of 
our members upon Synodical sessions for some years past, and especially the 
present, are sincerely affected therewith, as it appears to them there is a crimi- 
nal neglect in this matter, a forgetfulness of their ordination obligation, and a 
want of that public spirit and benevolent care of the church with which min- 
isters of the gospel ought ever to be filled ; and do therefore order the several 
Presbyteries belonging to this body to be reminded of their negligence herein, 
and to endeavour to influence them to a more punctual discharge of this im- 
portant duty of attending the meetings of the judicatures of the church. 

Ordered, that the clerk transmit a copy of this minute to the moderator of 
each Presbytery, to be by him laid before them. 

Adjourned to meet at Philadelphia, on the third Wednesday of next May, 
at 10 o'clock, A. M. — but if that place be in the enemy's hand, then to meet 
here. Concluded with prayer. 

Philadelphia, May \9th, 1779. 

The Synod of New York and Philadelphia met according to adjournment. 
Ubi post preces sederunt, 

Of New Y r ork Presbytery: The Rev. Messrs. Timothy Jones and Joseph 
Treat. 

Of New Brunswick Presbytery: The Rev. Dr. John Witherspoon. 

Of the first Philadelphia Presbytery: The Rev. Messrs. John Brainerd, 
James Sproat, George Duffield, Alexander Mitchell, and Nathaniel Irwin. 

Of the second Philadelphia Presbytery: The Rev. Drs. Francis Alison and 
John Irwin. 

Of New Castle Presbytery: The Rev. Messrs. Alexander McDowell. Robert 
Smith, John Carmichael, William Foster, James Anderson, John McCreary, 
Thomas Read, John Woodhull, and Robert Davdison. 

Of Hanover Presbytery: The Rev. Mr. Samuel Stanhope Smith. 

Elders: Messrs. Jonas Phillips, Gunning Bedford, Lewis Grant, Richard 
Walker, Arthur Park, William Harris, David Forman. 

Absent: Of the New Y"ork Presbytery: The Rev. Messrs. Jacob Green, 
Dr. John Rodgers, Dr. Alexander McWhorter, Benjamin Hait, Benjamin Wood- 
ruff, James Caldwell, Azel Roe, Aaron Richards, Nathan Kerr, Samuel Sacket, 
John MofTett, John Close, Joseph G rover, Dr. Hugh Knox, Jonathan Elmer, 
Abner Brush, and William Woodhull. 

Of the New Brunswick Presbytery: The whole, except the Rev. Dr. John 
Witherspoon. 

Of the first Philadelphia Presbytery : The Rev. Messrs. Nehemiah Green- 
man, James Watt, James Boyd, William Hollinshead. Daniel McCalla, Israel 
Evans, Andrew Hunter, and Robert Keith. 

Of the second Philadelphia Presbytery: The Rev. Messrs. John Steel, John 
Elder, John Simonton, Robert McMordie. and Patrick Alison. 

The whole of Lewestown Presbytery. 

Of the New Castle Presbytery: The Rev. Messrs. James Latta, John 
Clark, William McKennan, James Finley, Thomas Smith, Joseph Mont- 
gomery, James Wilson, Joseph Smith, James Power. Samuel Eakin. and 
James Armstrong. 

Absent, the whole of Donegall Presbytery. 

The whole of Hanover Presbytery, except the Rev. Mr. Samuel Stanhope 
Smith, 

The whole of Orange Presbytery. 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 433 

The Synod was opened by the Rev. Mr. Jones, the last year's moderator, 
with a sermon on Rom. xiii. 14. 

The Rev. Dr. Ewing, chosen moderator, and the Rev. Mr. Duffield, clerk. 

1 he minutes of the Synod of the year 1777 not having been read last year, 
ordered that they now be read. 

Messrs. McDowell, Jones, Treat, and Duffield, their reasons for absence 
from the Synod in 1777, sustained. 

Ordered, That all the Presbyteries bring in their reports to-morrow morning. 

Messrs. Mitchell, Treat, and McCreary, with Messrs. Grant and Park, 
elders, are appointed a committee of overtures, to meet here to-morrow morn- 
ing,^ at eight o'clock, and afterwards by adjournment, as occasion may require. 

The Synod appoint as a commission for the ensuing year, the Rev. Dr. 
McWhorter, Messrs. James Caldwell, Azel Roe, ElihU Spencer, Israel Read, 
Jeremiah Halsey, James Sproat, Alexander Mitchell, James Boyd, John Si- 
monton, Alexander McDowell, Robert Smith, William Foster, John Carmi- 
chael, Robert Cooper, John Craighead, and Thomas McFerrin, with the 
moderator, and the following elders, viz. Messrs. Gunning Bedford, Lewis 
Grant, Richard Walker, and William Harris ; thirteen of whom to be a quo- 
rum, and that the moderator convene the commission as occasion may require, 
and preside in the meeting; or, in case of his death or disability, that the first 
surviving member on the roll call the meeting, and the first on the roll of the 
members convened to preside. 

The Synod appoint the Rev. Messrs. Read, Brainerd, Foster, and Wood- 
hull, a committee to dispose of the money in the hands of the corporation for 
the widows' fund. 

The Synod taking into consideration the great and increasing decay of vital 
piety, the degeneracy of manners, want of public spirit, and prevalence of 
vice and immorality that obtains throughout our land, and that the righteous 
God, by continuing still to afflict us with the sore calamity of a cruel and bar- 
barous war, is loudly calling the inhabitants to repentance and reformation, 
and as a means thereto, to deep humiliation, frequent and fervent prayer, do 
therefore appoint Thursday, the 17th day of August next, to be observed by 
all under our care, as a day of humiliation, fasting, and prayer; and do also 
renew the recommendation of former Synods to all their congregations, to 
spend a part of the last Thursday in every month, in social prayer, as their 
circumstances may admit. 

Adjourned till nine o'clock, A. M. to-morrow. Concluded with prayer. 

20th day, nine o'clock, A. M. Met according to adjournment. Post 
preces sederunt qui supra. 

The Rev. Mr. James Wilson, of New Castle Presbytery, is now come. 

Ordered, To read the minutes of last sederunt. 

The first Philadelphia Presbytery report, that since the meeting of Synod, 
1777, they have ordained to the work of the gospel ministry, Mr. James 
Grier, and Mr. Andrew Hunter; and licensed Mr. Isaac Keith, and Mr. Hugh 
Brackenridge, to preach the gospel ; the latter of whom has since resigned his 
license, which the Presbytery accepted. And the Rev. Dr. Richard Treat 
departed this life the 20th of last November. 

New Castle Presbytery report, that since the meeting of Synod, 1777, 
they have licensed Messrs. Matthew Tate, Nathaniel Semple, and John Fin- 
ley, to preach the gospel; and dismissed the Rev. Mr. Woodhull, in order to 
his joining the Presbytery of New Brunswick, where he had accepted a call. 

Mr. Carmichael's elder, Mr. Samuel Holliday, is now come. 

Dr. Witherspoon informs the Synod that he has lately received a legacy, 
left by the Rev. Mr. Diodate Johnson, of New England, to be deposited with 



484 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

this Synod for their disposal, and that there is now in his hand, three hun- 
dred and thirty-two pounds, twelve shillings, belonging to the Synod. 

The Synod appoint the interest now due on the three hundred pounds in 
the hand of the corporation of the New 7 Jersey College, for an Indian mission, 
to be given to Mr. Brainerd, for his services among the Indians. 

The Synod appoint Dr. Ewing to apply to the corporation of the College 
of New Jersey for the three hundred pounds belonging to this Synod, in their 
hand, and to dispose of it as directed by Synod the year before last. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

The Synod met at three o'clock, P. M. Post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, To read the minutes of last sederunt. 

The committee appointed to dispose of the money in the hand of the cor- 
poration for the widows' fund report, that they have disposed of the same, 
and their minutes being produced and read, the Synod approve of the dispo- 
sition they have made. 

A reference from the Presbytery of New Castle was brought in by the com- 
mittee of overtures, respecting a certain Anthony Duchane, who had married 
the sister of his former wife, and praying the advice of Synod, whether the 
said Duchane may be admitted to enjoy church privileges in his present situa- 
tion, or what ought to be done in such case. 

The Synod proceeded to consider the above case, and after debating to a 
considerable length, agreed to defer it to the meeting of Synod next year. 

The Rev. Mr. James Caldwell is now come; his reasons for not attending 
sooner, sustained. 

Adjourned till nine o'clock to-morrow, A. M. Concluded with prayer. 

21s/ day, Jl. M, Met according to adjournment. Post preces sederunt 
qui supra. 

The Rev. Mr. Samuel Eakin is now come ; his reasons for not attending 
sooner, sustained. 

The minutes of last Synod being now brought in, ordered, that they be 
read. 

By the report now made by the New Castle Presbytery, it appears that 
there was a mistake in the report of last year, respecting Mr. Armstrong*! 
ordination; that he was not ordained, sine titulo, but in consequence of his 
having accepted a chaplaincy in the army. 

The Synod appoint the Rev. Messrs. Spencer, Read, Halsey. Caldwell, and 
Dr. McWhorter, a committee to meet at Princeton, the last Wednesday of next 
September, to dispose of the interest of the charitable fund in the hand of the 
trustees of the College of New Jersey for the education of poor and pious 
youth for the work of the gospel ministry. 

An application by a member of Hanover Presbvtery praying that some 
missionaries might be sent into the state of Virginia to preach the gospel, and 
especially that a few ministers of genius, prudence, and address, might spend 
some considerable time in attempting to form that people into regular congre- 
gations, under the discipline and government of the Presbyterian church. 3nd 
to settle among them, and undertake the education of their youth, representing 
that there appears at present in many parts of that state, a very favourable 
position towards religion in general, and towards the Presbyterian church in 
particular; that it is greatly for the interest of the church to pay a particular 
attention to the southern and western parts of this continent; that oong 
tions which may be formed there will be permanent and fixed, whereas the 
continual migration of the inhabitants of our interior congregation*, dimmish 
their importance and threaten their dissolution. That it is not desirable, nor 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 4§5 

to be expected, that that extensive country should continue long without some 
form of religion. That this Synod has now an opportunity of promoting the 
interest of religion extensively, which in a few years may be utterly lost by 
the prevalency and pre-occupying of many ignorant and irregular sectaries. 
The Synod do, therefore, earnestly recommend it to all their Presbyteries 
to turn their attention to this object, as peculiarly interesting and important. 
And if it is by any means possible, to furnish some missions to the state 
of Virginia, and such especially as shall endeavour to form congregations, and 
to effect a settlement among them, having respect to the popular talents as 
well as piety of such missionaries, and to their capacity for directing the edu- 
cation of youth. 

The Synod being informed, that the Rev. Mr. Josiah Lewis, who was an- 
nexed to the Lewestown Presbytery by the Synodal their meeting, 1773, has 
never yet attended at any of the meetings of that Presbytery, but removed to 
a distant part; and as some reports have arisen to the disadvantage of his 
moral character, the Synod do hereby order the Lewestown Presbytery to 
take cognizance of Mr. Lewis in the premises, and make report at the next 
meeting of Synod. 

Ordered, That the Rev. Mr. Thomas Reed furnish the Presbytery of Lew- 
estown with a copy of this minute. 

Adjourned till the third Wednesday of next May, at ten o'clock, A. M. at 
the first Presbyterian church in this city. Concluded with prayer. 

Philadelphia, May \7th, 1780. 

The Synod of New York and Philadelphia met according to adjournment, 
at the first Presbyterian church. Ubipost preccs sederunt, 

Of New Brunswick Presbytery: The Rev. Messrs. Elihu Spencer and 
John Woodhull. 

Of the first Philadelphia Presbytery: The Rev. Messrs. James Sproat, John 
Brainerd, George Duffield, Alexander Mitchell, William Schenck, and Nathan- 
iel Irwin. 

Of the second Philadelphia Presbytery: The Rev. Dr. John E wing and 
the Rev. Mr. Robert Davidson. 

Of New Castle Presbytery: The Rev. Messrs. John Carmichael, John 
McCreary, Thomas Reed, and Samuel Eakin. 

Of Lewestown Presbytery: The Rev. Mr. John Miller. 

Elders: Capt. Thomas Bourn, Messrs. Robert Porter, Lewis Grant, and 
Dr. Isaac Harris. 

Absent: Of New Brunswick Presbytery : The Rev. Dr. John Witherspoon, 
Messrs. John Guild, Israel Reed, Samuel Kennedy, John Hannah, Thomas 
Smith, Francis Peppard, Philip Stockton, John Warford, Jeremiah Halsey. 

Of the First Philadelphia Presbytery: The Rev. Messrs. James Watt, 
James Grier, William Hollingshead, Daniel McCalla, Andrew Hunter, Israel 
Evans. 

Of the second Philadelphia Presbytery: The Rev. Messrs. John Elder, 
Robert McMordie, John Simonton, and Patrick Alison. 

Of New Castle Presbyterv: The Rev. Messrs. Alexander McDowell, 
William McKennan, William *Forster, Thomas Smith, Joseph Smith, John 
Clark, Joseph Montgomery, James Power, James Armstrong. 

Of Lewestown Presbytery : 'The Rev. Messrs. Matthew Wilson, Jacob 
Kerr, Alexander Huston, John Rankin, Samuel McMasters. 

All the members of New York, Dutchess, Suffolk, and Donegall Presby- 
teries. 

The whole of Hanover Presbytery being absent, the Rev. Samuel Stanhope 
Smith, late a member of that Presbvtery, informed the Synod of their names, 
41* 



486 MINUTES OF THE SYxNOD OF 

viz: the Rev. Messrs. John Todd, John Brown, Richard Zanchy, Charles 
Cummings, James Waddel, David Price, Caleb Wallace, William Irwin, John 
B. Smith, Archibald Scott, Samuel Doak, Edward Crawford. Licensed can- 
didates of said Presbytery: Messrs. William Wilson, Benjamin Irwin, James 
Crawford, Terah Templin. 

Orange Presbytery absent: The Rev. Dr. McWhorter, Henry Patillo, 
Hugh McCaden, James Campbell, David Caldwell, James Frazier, James 
McCorkel, Joseph Alexander, Thomas Beese, John Svmpson, R. Archibold, 
Thomas McCall, Harris, Hall, Edmund, Thomas Craighead, James Tem- 
pleton, Corson. Candidates: Donnel, McEwen, Leak, Barr, Thacher. 

The Synod was opened by the Rev. Dr. Ewing, last year's moderator, with 
a sermon on 1 Cor. iv. 2. 

The Rev. Mr. Miller chosen moderator, and the Rev. Mr. Mitchell, clerk. 
The Rev. Mr. Robert Keith is now come. 
Ordered, To read the minutes of last Synod. 
The Rev. John Debow is now come. 

Messrs. Spencer, Keith, Miller, Eakin, and Debow, who were absent from 
our last, gave their reasons for absence, which weie sustained. 

The Rev. Mr. James Anderson is now come, his reasons for not attending 
sooner, are sustained. 

Ordered, That the Presbyteries bring in their reports tomorrow morning, 
and a list of absent members. 

Messrs. Woodhull, Irwin, and Read, together with Porter and Grant, are 
appointed a committee of overtures, to meet to-morrow morning at six o'clock, 
and afterwards by adjournments, as occasion may require. 

The Rev. Mr. Samuel Blair being present, but not having united himself to 
any Presbytery, being invited, sat as a correspondent. 

The Synod appoint as a commission for the ensuing year, the Rev. Dr. 
Ewing, the Rev. Messrs. James Caldwell, Azel Roe, Elihu Spencer, Israel 
Read, Jeremiah Halsey, James Sproat, Alexander Mitchell. James Boyd. John 
Simonton, Alexander McDowell, Robert Smith, William Foster, John Carmi- 
chael, Robert Cooper, Thomas McFerrin, and John Craighead, with the mo- 
derator and the following elders, viz. Capt. Bourn, Dr. Harris, Dr. Scudder, 
and Messrs. Porter and Grant; thirteen of whom to be a quorum, and the 
moderator to convene the commission as occasion may require, and preside in 
the meeting; or, in case of his death or disability, the first surviving member 
on the roll to call the meeting, and the first on the roll of the members con- 
vened, to preside. 

The Synod appoint the Rev. Messrs. Spencer. Duffield, Woodhull, Mc- 
Creary, and Read, a committee to dispose of the interest of the money in the 
hands of the corporation for the widows' fund. 

Messrs. Boyd and Stanhope Smith are now come, and their reasons for not 
attending sooner, sustained. 

Dr. Ewing reports, that he has not received the £300 lying in the hands of 
the corporation of New Jersey college. 

The Synod agree to let that money remain for the present in the hands of 
said corporation. 

The committee appointed by Synod to dispose of monies for the education of 

poor and pious youth for the gospel ministry, in the hands of the treasurer of Xew 

Jersey college, not meeting according to appointment, no disposition was made. 

New Brunswick Presbytery report, that they have ordained the Rev. Mr. 

George Faitout, and received Mr. Woodhull as a member of that Presbytery. 

First Philadelphia Presbytery report, that the Rev. Mr. Nehemiah Green- 
man is removed by death since our last, viz. July, and that they have received 
the Rev. William Schenck as a member of that Presbytery. 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 487 

Second Philadelphia Presbytery report, that the Rev. Dr. Francis Alison 
departed this life the 28th day of November, 1779, and that they have re- 
ceived the Rev. Robert Davidson as a member of that Presbytery. They fur- 
ther report, that the Rev. Mr. John Steel departed this life the — day of 
August 

New Castle Presbytery report, that they have ordained the Rev. Mr. Wil- 
liam Smith to the work of the gospel ministry, and that they have dismissed 
the Rev. Mr. Robert Davidson to join the second Philadelphia Presbytery. 

Lewestown Presbytery report, that they have ordained Messrs. John Ran- 
kin and Samuel McMasters to the work of the gospel ministry. 

Orange Presbytery report, that they have ordained the Rev. Messrs. Craig- 
head, McCrea, and James Templeton, to the work of the gospel ministry, and 
that they have licensed Messrs. Jacob Leak and McEwen to preach the 
gospel. 

Adjourned till to-morrow morning, to meet at nine o'clock. 

Concluded with prayer. 

ISth day, nine o'clock, A. 31. met according to adjournment. Post pre- 
ces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, To read the minutes of last sederunt. 

Mr. Halsey is now come, and his reasons for not attending sooner, and also 
of his absence last Synod, are sustained. 

Messrs. Latta and Finley are now come, and their reasons of absence last 
Svnod, and not attending sooner, are sustained. 

Messrs. Robert and William Smith are now come, and their reasons for 
not attending sooner, sustained. 

Dr. Nathaniel Scudder, Mr. Woodhull's elder, is now come. 

On reading the minutes of last sederunt, it was on motion, resolved, that 
Mr. Dufneld be appointed to apply to the corporation of the college of New 
Jersev for the three hundred pounds in their hands belonging to the Synod, 
with the interest due at the time of receiving, and put the principal into the 
Continental Loan Office, and give the interest to Mr. Brainerd for his services 
among the Indians. 

The Svnod appoint Messrs. Spencer, Israel Reed, Halsey, Caldwell, and 
Dr. Witherspoon, a committee to dispose of the money in the hands of the 
corporation of New Jersey College, for the education of poor and pious youth 
for the gospel ministry, and to meet for that purpose at Princeton the last 
Wednesday of next September. 

On motion resolved, that iMessrs. Halsey, Dufneld, and Latta, be a com- 
mittee to review the minutes of Synod as far back as the year 1774, whether 
any matters brought before Synod have been omitted, and make report. 

As the Lewestown Presbytery have not yet taken cognizance of Mr. Jo- 
siah Lewis, as ordered last Synod, the Synod renew their order in that matter, 
and direct that Presbytery to proceed in the affair as soon as possible. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

The Synod met three o'clock, P. M. Post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, To read the minutes of last sederunt. 

As the sum of the legacy left by the Rev. Mr. Diodate Johnson, of New 
England, to the disposal of this Synod, and received by Dr. Witherspoon, 
Synod treasurer, is not specified in our minutes; the Synod appoint Mr. 
Spencer to inquire of the doctor, what the sum is and when it was received, 
and make report next Synod, if the doctor should not be then present. " 

The reference from the Presbytery of New Castle respecting a certain mar- 
riage, brought in last year, deferred to next Synod. 



488 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

The committee appointed to review the records of Synod as far back as the 
year 1774, report, that an affair respecting the enslaving of negroes, appears 
to have been before the Synod A. I). 1774, but by some means passed over 
the following Synods, and not since resumed. 

The Synod resumed the consideration of that affair, and after debating the 
same to considerable length, 

Adjourned till nine o'clock to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 

19th day, nine o'clock, Ji. M. The Synod met according to adjourn- 
ment. Post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, The minutes of the last sederunt to be read. 

The committee appointed to review the minutes of Synod as far back as 
1774, report, that there appears to have been before the Synod 1774, a letter 
from the Rev. Mr. William Marshal, clerk of the Associate Presbytery, which 
was ordered to have been recorded in the appendix, and an address, said to be 
an affair of great importance, and that neither of these appear on record. 

The Synod appoint Mr. Sproat, the stated clerk, together with Mr. Duf- 
field, to collect such papers of importance as belong to the Synod, and are not 
on record, and have them entered in an appendix to be kept for such purpose. 

The said committee further report, that an order of Synod 1777, to the 
Presbytery of New Castle, to bring in their minutes of an affair respecting 
marriage, by them referred to Synod, has not been complied with. '1 he Sy- 
nod renew their former order in this matter to that Presbytery. 

The committee of overtures brought in a reference from the first Presby- 
tery of Philadelphia, requesting the advice of Synod, whether Mr. Isaac Keith, 
a probationer under their care, may be ordained sine titulo. 

The Synod, after hearing the above case laid before them by said Presby- 
tery, and considering the circumstances attending it, apprehend there will be 
a propriety in their ordaining Mr. Keith as proposed, and accordingly author- 
ize the Presbytery to proceed. 

The Synod taking into consideration the great and increasing decay of vital 
piety, the degeneracy of manners, want of public spirit, and prevalence of vice 
and immorality, that obtain throughout our land, and that the righteous God 
by continuing still to arrlict us with the sore calamity of a cruel and barbarous 
war, is loudly calling the inhabitants to repentance and reformation, and as a 
means thereto to deep humiliation and frequent fervent prayer; do therefore 
appoint Thursday the 17th day of next August to be observed as a day of humi- 
liation, fasting, and prayer, by all the congregations under our care ; and do also 
renew the recommendation of former Synods to all their congregations, to 
spend a part of the last Thursday of every month in social prayer, as circum- 
stances may admit. 

The Synod agree to pay the janitor for his attendance on the present ses- 
sions, the sum of two hundred dollars. 

Adjourned till the third Wednesday of next May, to meet at ten o'clock, 
A. M., in the second Presbyterian church in this city. 

Concluded with prayer. 

Philadelphia, May \6th, 1731. 

The Synod of New York and Philadelphia met according to adjournment 
at the second Presbyterian church. Ubi post preces sederunt, 

Of the New York Presbytery: The Rev. Mr. Andrew King. 

Of the Presbytery of New Brunswick: The Rev. Dr. Witherspoon. Messrs. 
Elihu Spencer and Samuel S. Smith. 

Of the first Philadelphia Presbytery: The Rev. Dr. James Sproat. Messrs. 
George Duffield, William Schenck, and Nathaniel Irwin. 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 489 

Of the second Philadelphia Presbytery: The Rev. Dr. John Ewing and 
Rev. Mr. Robert Davidson. 

Of the New Castle Presbytery: The Rev. Messrs. Robert Smith, James 
Finley, John McCreary, William Smith, and James Anderson. 

Of the Donegall Presbytery: The Rev. Messrs. Robert Cooper and Isaac 
Keith. 

Of the Lewes Presbytery: The Rev. Mr. John Miller. 

Of the Hanover Presbytery: The Rev. Mr. John Smith. 

Of the Orange Presbytery : The Rev. Dr. Alexander McWhorter. 

Absent: Of the Presbytery of New York: The Rev. Dr's. John Rodgers 
and Hugh Knox, the Rev. Messrs. Timothy Jones, James Caldwell, Aaron 
Richards, Azel Roe, Jonathan Elmer, Benjamin Woodruff, John Joline, Na- 
than Kerr, John Moffatt, Joseph Treat, Simon Horton, John Close, Abner 
Brush, Alexander Miller, Jedidiah Chapman, and Van Arsdelen. 

Of the Presbytery of New Brunswick: The Rev. Messrs. Jonathan Guild, 
Joseph Reed, Samuel Kennedy, John Hannah, Thomas Smith, Francis Pep- 
pard, Philip Stockton, John Warford, and John Woodhull. 

Of the first Presbytery of Philadelphia: The Rev. Messrs. James Watt, 
William Hollingshead, Alexander Mitchell, James Boyd, James Grier, Daniel 
McCalla, Israel Evans, Andrew Hunter, and Robert Keith. 

Of the second Presbytery of Philadelphia: The Rev. Messrs. John Simon- 
ton, John Elder, and Robert McMordie. 

Of the Presbytery of New Castle : The Rev. Messrs. Alexander McDowell, 
William McKennan, Joseph Montgomery, James Latta, Thomas Smith, Jo- 
seph Smith, Thomas Reed, James Francis Armstrong, James Power, Samuel 
Eakin, John Clark, and John Carmichael. 

Of the Presbytery of Donegall: The Rev. Messrs. Samuel Thompson, 
James Hunt, Hugh McGill, John Hogg, James Martin, Colin McFarquar, 
Amos Thompson, John Slemmons, James Lang, John King, John Craig- 
head, Samuel Dougal, John Linn, John McKnight, Hezekiah Balch, William 
Linn, John McMillan, John Black, David Bard, and Samuel Waugh. 

Of the Lewes Presbytery : The Rev. Messrs. Matthew Wilson, Jacob Kerr, 
Alexander Houston, John Ranken, and Samuel McMasters. 

The whole Presbytery of Hanover except Mr. John Smith. 

The whole Presbytery of Orange, except Dr. McWhorter. 

The whole Presbytery of Dutchess. 

Elders present: Messrs. John Williams, Robert Mead, Lewis Grant, Ro- 
bert Porter. 

The Synod was opened by the Rev. Mr. Miller, the moderator last year, 
with a sermon on Acts xx. 28. 

Mr. Duifield chosen moderator, and Messrs. Irwin and Samuel S. Smith 
clerks. 

Ordered, To read the minutes of last Synod. 

The Several Presbyteries are ordered to bring in their reports by to-morrow 
morning. 

The Rev. Messrs. Cooper, Finley, and King, together with Messrs. Porter 
and Grant, elders, are appointed a committee of overtures to meet here to- 
morrow morning at six o'clock, and afterwards upon adjournment, as occasion 
may require. 

The Synod as a commission for the ensuing year, appoint the Rev. Dr's. 
Ewing, and Sproat, the Rev. Messrs. James Caldwell, Azel Roe, Elihu 
Sprucer, Israel Reed, Alexander Mitchell, James Boyd, John Simonton, Ro- 
bert Smith, John Carmichael, Robert Cooper, Thomas McFerrin, and John 
Craighead, with the moderator; together with Messrs. John Williams, Robert 
Mead, Lewis Grant, and Robert Porter, elders; thirteen of whom to be a 



490 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

quorum, and the moderator to convene the commission as occasion may re- 
quire, and preside in the meeting, or in case of his dea'h or disability, the first 
surviving member on the roll to call the meeting, and the first on the roll of 
the members convened, to preside. 

Some members of the committee appointed by Synod last year, to dispose 
of the interest of the money in the hands of the corporation for the widows' 
fund, inform that the committee met and disposed of the money according to 
order; their minutes not being present, they are ordered to bring them at the 
next meeting of Synod. The Rev. Dr. McWhorter, the Rev. Messrs. Duf- 
field, McCreary, Davidson, and Irwin, are appointed a committee to dispose 
of the interest arising from said money this year. 

Mr. Duffield has not fulfilled the order of last Synod respecting the three 
hundred pounds in the hands of the corporation of the college of New Jersey. 
The Synod on consideration, agreed that that money be continued for the 
present in the hands of the corporation. 

The committee appointed by last Synod, to dispose of the money in the 
hands of ihe corporation of the College of New Jersey, for the education of 
poor and pious youth, met, but no proper object offering, the distribution was 
not made. 

Ordered, That the Rev. Drs. McWhorter and Witherspoon, the Rev. 
Messrs. Israel Reed, Elihu Spencer, and James Caldwell, be appointed a com- 
mittee to dispose of said money, and to meet at Princeton the last Wednesday 
of September next, for that purpose. 

No report being made from Lewes Presbytery respecting the Rev. Mr. Lewis. 

Ordered, That they bring in their report at our next meeting. 

The committee appointed to collect and insert in the Synod's book, papers 
of importance belonging to Synod, inform that they have collected said pa- 
pers according to order, but have not yet inserted them. 

On further consideration, instead of inserting them in the Appendix, the Sy- 
nod order, that the stated clerk, file, date, and indorse all such papers, and pre- 
serve them for the use of Synod. 

The Presbytery of New Castle have not brought in their minutes respecting 
a case of marriage, as ordered in our last. 

The Synod renew their orders to that Presbytery. 

Adjourned till to-morrow morning at nine o'clock. Concluded with prayer. 

17th day, nine o'clock, d. 31. Synod met. Post preces, sederunt qui 
supra. 

Ordered, To read the minutes of last sederunt. 

Mr. Alison is now come, his reasons for not attending sooner, sustained. 

The Presbytery of New York report, that they have ordained Mr. John Jo- 
line to the work of the gospel ministry, and licensed Messrs. Fish and Ford- 
ham to preach the gospel; that the Rev. Mr. Hait departed this life the 
of June, 1779; and that Messrs. Green, Lewis, Grover. and Bradford, have 
withdrawn from that Presbytery. 

The Presbytery of New Brunswick report, that they have, since the last 
meeting of Synod, received as a member the Rev. Mr. Samuel Stanhope 
Smith, and licensed Mr. Peter Wilson to preach the gospel, and that the Rev. 
Jeremiah Halsey departed this life the beginning o( October last. 

The first Presbytery of Philadelphia report, that they have ordained Mr. 
Isaac Keith to the work of the gospel ministry, and dismissed him to join the 
Presbytery of Donegall, and that the Rev. John Brainerd departed this life the 
21st day 'o( March last. 

The Presbytery of New Castle report, that the Rev. William Foster 
removed by death in September last. 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 491 

The Donegall Presbytery report, that in the four years past, they have 
licensed Messrs. Samuel Waugh, James Dunlap, David Bard, Stephen Balch, 
Joseph Henderson, and Matthew Woods, to preach the gospel, and that they 
have ordained to the work of the gospel ministry, Messrs. John Linn, David 
Bard, Samuel Waugh, and received from the first Presbytery of Philadelphia, 
the Rev. Isaac Keith. 

Dr. McWhorter reported to the Synod, that the distressed circumstances of 
North Carolina, arising from the war, have rendered the objects of his removal 
thither abortive, and prevented him from obtaining a regular dismission from 
the Orange Presbytery. 

Ordered, That Dr. McWhorter be re-united to the New York Presbytery. 

Mr. Spencer reported, that agreeably to the order of Synod last year, he 
had waited on Dr. Witherspoon, the treasurer of Synod, and received from 
him the following account of monies in his hand: 
1777, May 20th, By balance of this date due to Synod - '£54 9 5J 

good money. 

1779, Feb. 26th, By cash received of Rev. Mr. Johnson's 

legacy, £278 3 4 

Out of which he has paid, by order of 

Synod, 39 

Remains due, £239 3 4 

of the value of money of 26th February, 1779. Together with the £54 9 5| 
good money, above-mentioned. 

The consideration of the reference from the New Castle Presbytery, res- 
pecting the marriage of a certain Anthony Duchane, deferred till next Synod. 

Whereas, the Synod is deeply affeded that the judicatures of the church 
are so exceedingly neglected, both by ministers and elders, especially the lat- 
ter, and taking this matter into serious consideration, and apprehending that 
one reason of this non-attendance, particulaily on the sessions of Synod, arises 
from the congregations making no provision for defraying the expenses of 
ministers and elders, do therefore request the Presbyteries to direct their mem- 
bers to recommend it to their respective congregations to make contributions 
for this purpose; and the Synod do further request, that the Presbyteries take 
every proper measure to excite their members to attend upon this judicature. 

Adjourned till to-morrow morning, nine o'clock. Concluded with prayer. 

18th day, nine o'clock, A. 31. Synod met. Post preces sederunt qui 
sup ret, 

Messrs. Boyd, Clark, and Robert Keith, are now come; their reasons for 
not attending sooner, sustained. 

The Rev. Messrs. Joseph Smith, John McMillan, James Power, and Thad- 
deus Dodd, having requested to be erected into a separate Presbytery, to be 
known by the name of the Presbytery of Redstone, the Synod grant their re- 
quest, and appoint their first meeting to be held at Laurel Hill Church, the 
third Wednesday of September next, at eleven o'clock, A. M. 

The Presbytery of New Castle applied to Synod for liberty to ordain Mr. 
Daniel Jones, sine titulo, to the work of the gospel ministry, which was 
granted. 

The Synod renew the recommendation of some former Synods, to all their 
congregations, to spend a part of the last Thursday of every month in social 
prayer, as their respective circumstances will admit. 

The Synod agree to pay the janitor three dollars specie, for his attendance 
on the present session; and the stated clerk forty shillings specie, for tran- 
scribing the minutes of Synod for two years past. 



492 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

Ordered, That Dr. Sproat draw upon the treasurer of Synod for the above 
sums of money. 

Adjourned to meet at the first Presbyterian Church in Philadelphia, the 
third Wednesday of May next, at ten o'clock, A. M. 

Concluded with prayer. 

Philadelphia, May 15th, 1782. 

The Synod of New York and Philadelphia met, according to adjournment, 
at the first Presbyterian Church. Ubi post preces sederunt, 

Of New York Presbytery: Rev. Alexander Miller. 

Of New Brunswick Presbytery: Rev. Drs. Witherspoon and Spencer, 
Rev. Messrs. John Woodhull, John Warlord, Samuel Stanhope Smith. 
Elder, Kenith Henkinson. 

Of the first Philadelphia Presbytery: Rev. Dr. Sproat, Rev. Messrs. Alex- 
ander Mitchell, James Boyd, Nathaniel Irwin, William Hollinshead, William 
Schenck, Robert Keith. Elders, Messrs. Hugh Hodge, John Barley, John 
Hutton. 

Of the second Philadelphia Presbytery: Rev. Drs. John Ewing. Patrick 
Alison, Rev. Messrs. John Simonton, Robert Davidson. Elders, Robert Por- 
ter, John Boyd. 

Of New Castle Presbytery: Rev. Messrs. Robert Smith, James Finley, 
James Latta, James Anderson, James Armstrong, Daniel Jones, William 
Smith. Elders, Messrs. John Clarke, J. Sharpe, W. Cooke. 

Of Donegall Presbytery: Rev. Messrs. Colin McFarquhar, Robert Cooper, 
John Craighead, John King, I. Black, Isaac Keith. 

Of Lewes Presbytery: Rev. John Miller. 

Of Redstone Presbytery: Rev. James Power. 

Absent: Of New York Presbytery: Rev. Drs. John Rodgers, Hugh Knox, 
Alexander McWhorter, Rev. Messrs. Timothy Jones. Aaron Richards. Simon 
Horton, Abner Brush, Jonathan Elmer, Benjamin Woodruff, Joseph Treat, 
Azel Roe, Nathan Kerr, John Close, Jedidiah Chapman, Jacob Yanarsdalen, 
Andrew King, and John Joline. 

Of the New Brunswick Presbytery: Rev. Messrs. John Guild, Samuel 
Kennedy, Israel Read, John llanna, Thomas Smith, Philip Stockton, and 
Francis Peppard. 

Of the first Philadelphia Presbytery: Rev. Messrs. James Watt, George 
Duffield, James Grier, Daniel McCalla, Israel Evans. Andrew Hunter, and 
George Faitout. 

Of the second Philadelphia Presbytery: Rev. Messrs. John Elder, and 
Robert McMordie. 

Of New Castle Presbytery: Rev. Messrs. William McKennan. John Mc- 
Creary, John Clarke, Thomas Reed, Thomas Smith, Samuel Eakin, Joseph 
Montgomery, John Carmichael, Nathaniel Semple, and John Finley. 

Of Donegall Presbytery: Rev. Messrs. Samuel Thompson, James Hunt, 
Amos Thompson, John Hoge, Hugh McGill, James Lang, Hugh Yance, 
James Martin, John Slemmons, Thomas McFerrin, William Linn, John 
McKnight, John Linn, David Bard, Samuel Waugh, Samuel Dougall. Joseph 
Henderson. 

The whole of Lewes Presbytery absent, except the Rev. John Miller. 

The whole Presbytery of Redstone, except Mr. Power. 

The whole Presbyteries of Hanover, Orange, Suffolk, and Dutchess. 
absent. 

The Rev. Samuel Blair was invited to sit as a correspondent member. 

The moderator of last year being absent, the Synod was opened by Dr. 
Elihu Spencer, with a sermon from Matthew, xxviii. 20. 






NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 493 

The Rev. James Latta, of New Castle Presbytery, was chosen moderator, 
and Messrs. Nathaniel Irwin and Samuel S. Smith, were chosen clerks. 

The Rev. Messrs. A. Miller, W. Hollingshead, John Woodhull, A. 
Mitchell, J. Simonton, James Power, John King, John Craighead, and John 
Black, who were absent last year, being now present, gave reasons for their 
absence, which were sustained. 

Ordered, That the several Presbyteries bring in their reports to-morrow 
morning. 

The Rev. Messrs. John Craighead, John Woodhull, James Boyd, James 
Anderson, Robert Keith, and Messrs. John Clarke and Thomas Sharpe, were 
appointed to be a committee of overtures, to meet here to-morrow morning, at 
six o'clock, and afterwards by adjournments, as occasion may require. 

The Rev. Drs. John Witherspoon, John Ewing, James Sproat, Elihu Spen- 
cer, Alexander McWhorter, and Messrs. Azel Roe, Israel Reed, Alexander 
Mitchell, James Boyd, John Simonton, Robert Smith, JohnCarmichael, Ro- 
bert Cooper, Thomas McFerrin, John Craighead, with the moderator, to- 
gether with Messrs. Hugh Hodge, John Boyd, Robert Porter, John Clarke, 
elders, were appointed to be a commission of Synod for the ensuing year; 
thirteen of whom shall be a quorum. The moderator shall have power to con- 
vene a meeting, and to preside therein, and in case of his death or disability, 
the first surviving member on the list, shall call a meeting, and the first on the 
list present, shall preside. 

The distribution made by the committee for disposing of certain monies in 
the hands of the corporation of the widows' fund, in the year 1780, was re- 
ported to the Synod. 

The committee appointed last year for disposing the said monies met, and 
in consideration of the difficulties under which the corporation labour, through 
the decay of their funds, agree to remit these monies to the corporation, to be 
by them applied to the ends of their institution. 

Adjourned till nine o'clock, to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 

Thursday morning, nine o'clock. The Synod met according to adjourn- 
ment. CJbipost preces, sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last session be read. 

The Presbytery of New York reported, that the Rev. James Caldwell was 
removed by death on the 24th of November, 1781. 

The Presbvtery of New Brunswick reported, that they have dismissed the 
Rev. George Faitout to join the first Philadelphia Presbytery, and licensed Mr. 
Joseph Reed to preach the gospel. 

The first Philadelphia Presbytery reported, that the Rev. William Mackey 
Tennent of Connecticut, and the Rev. George Faitout, had been received by 
them, and that Mr. Faitout had been installed in the congregation of Green- 
wich. 

The Presbytery of New Castle reported, that the Rev. Alexander McDowell, 
was removed by death on the 12th of January, 1782, and that they have or- 
dained the Rev. Messrs. Daniel Jones, John Evans Finley, and James Dun- 
lap, to the work of the gospel ministry, and that since, Mr. Dunlap is removed 
within the bounds of Redstone Presbytery. 

The Presbytery of Donegall reported, that they have ordained and installed 
Mr. Joseph Henderson, as pastor of the church of Great Canawaga, and that 
they have dismissed the Rev. Hezekiah Balch to join the Presbytery of 
Hanover. 

The Presbvtery of Orange reported, by a letter from their moderator, that 
they have ordained Messrs. Robert Archibald, Thomas McCade, Thomas 
42 



494 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

Craighead, James McKee, Daniel Thatcher, Samuel McCorkle, James Tem- 
pleton, John Casson, James Hall, William Hill, to the work of the gospel 
ministry, and licensed Messrs. Thomas Donnell, David Barr, Samuel Lake, 
and Francis Cummings, to preach the gospel. 

The Synod taking up the consideration of the interest of certain money in 
the hands of the corporation of the widows' fund, to be disposed of by them, 
or their committee, in conjunction with said corporation, appoint the Rev. Drs. 
Elihu Spencer, Joseph Montgomery, Patrick Alison, Messrs. Robert Cooper, 
John Black, Nathaniel Irwin, and Samuel S. Smith, for the ensuing year, a 
committee, who are particularly instructed to collect all the papers and vouch- 
ers they can procure for elucidating this matter and exhibiting it in its true 
light, to examine what is now the real state of the money in question, and to 
dispose of whatever there may be subject to their disposal. 

The Rev. Drs. John Witherspoon, Alexander MeWhorter, and Elihu Spen- 
cer, and the Rev. Messrs. Israel Read. John Woodhull, and Samuel S. Smith, 
were appointed to be a committee to dispose of the interest of monies in the 
hands of the corporation of the college of New Jersey, for the educating poor 
and pious youth, to meet at Princeton on the last day of September next. 

The Synod renewed their recommendation to the Presbyteries under their 
care, to take proper measures to engage their members to attend the sessions 
of Synod, and to remind the congregations in their bounds, of their duty to 
make provision for defraying the expenses of ministers and elders in attending 
the judicatures of the church. 

The Presbytery of Redstone reported, that they met and constituted ac- 
cording to the order of the last Synod. 

Ordered, That the Rev. James Finley endeavour to procure the act of Sy- 
nod of the year 1729, adopting the standards of the Church of Scotland, and 
produce it the next sessions. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

Three o'clock, P. 31. The Synod met. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last session be read. 

Ordered, That the several Presbyteries produce their Presbyterial records 
at the next sessions of Synod. 

An appeal from the judgment of the Presbytery of Donegall, on an accusa- 
tion of fornication, was introduced by William DurBeld, junior; after delibera- 
tion, ordered, that the further consideration of it be deferred till to-morrow. 

An appeal from the judgment of the Presbytery of New Castle was brought 
in by the Rev. James Finley, upon the subject of his removal from his con- 
gregation; ordered, that it be deferred till to-morrow. 

Adjourned till to-morrow morning, nine o'clock, A. M. 

Concluded with prayer. 

17th day, nine o'clock, A. 31. The Synod met. 

Messrs. Simonton and Clarke had leave of absence. 

Ordered, That the minutes of last session be read. 

A letter was brought in from the Presbytery of Orange to the Synod, 
questing liberty to ordain Mr. David Barr. sine titulo, to the work of the 
pel ministry. Resolved, that they be permitted to ordain him accordingly. 

The Synod proceeded to consider Mr. Fmley's appeal from the judgment 
of New Castle Presbytery. The parties Mere fully heard, and the Synod 
having deliberated on the matter, are of opinion that the pastoral relation be- 
tween Mr. Finley and his congregation ought to be dissolved, and they do ac- 
cordingly dissolve it. 

Mr. Tennent had leave of absence during the remainder of die session. 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 495 

The subject of Mr. Duffield's appeal was resumed. Ordered, that the 
cause be remitted back to the Presbytery of Donegall. 

As it appears the interest of religion is in danger of suffering greatly at pre- 
sent, from the many discouragements under which the ministers of the gospel 
labour, from the want of a sufficient support and liberal maintenance from ihe 
congregations they serve, the Synod appoint a committee to take this matter 
into consideration, and report thereon to the next Synod. Ordered, that Drs. 
Witherspoon, Ewing, and Spencer, be a committee for this purpose. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

Tliree o'clock, P. M. The Synod met. 

Ordered, That the minutes of the last session be read. 

The Rev. John Blair Smith, of the Presbytery of Hanover, is come; the 
reasons for his not coming sooner are sustained. 

Mr. Smith reports, that the Presbytery of Hanover have ordained Messrs. 
William Wilson, and John Montgomery, and had licensed Messrs. James 
Mitchell, and Samuel Shannon. 

Anthony Dushane, who has married the sister of his former wife, and whose 
case has been before the Synod for two years past, preferred a petition, that 
he might no longer be debarred the privileges of the Church, on the account 
of said marriage. After full and deliberate discussion the question was put, 
Shall Anthony Dushane and his wife be capable of Christian privileges, their 
marriage notwithstanding? which was carried in the affirmative by a consid- 
erable majority. 

The following gentlemen chose to express their dissent from the preceding 
decision, viz. Alexander Miller, John King, John Craighead, Colin McFar- 
quhar, James Power. The Rev. James Finley, and Robert Cooper, chose 
to protest against it, and had the liberty of sending their reasons hereafter. 

Dr. John Witherspoon, Joseph Montgomery, and Dr. Elihu Spencer, were 

appointed to be a committee to prepare an address to the minister of France, 

congratulating him on the birth of a dauphin, son and heir to the crown of his 

royal master, expressing the pleasure the Synod feel on this happy event. 

Adjourned till to-morrow morning, seven o'clock. Concluded with prayer. 

18th day, seven o'clock, A. M. The Synod met. 

After prayer, Ordered, That the minutes of the last session be read. 

The committee appointed to prepare a draught of an address to the minis- 
ter of France, brought in one ; which being read, paragraph by paragraph, 
ordered, that it be signed by the moderator, and that the moderator, Dr. 
Witherspoon, and Mr. Montgomery, be a committee to wait upon the minis- 
ter, and to present the above in the name and behalf of the Synod. 

The Presbytery of New York represented to Synod that one of their mem- 
bers now resided in the bounds of New Brunswick Presbytery, whose moral 
character laboured under some imputations, and requested the advice of Sy- 
nod as to which of the Presbyteries should make the inquiry into that matter, 
whereupon the Svnod judged it to be the duty of the Presbytery of New 
York. 

Notwithstanding the decision of last evening in the particular case of An- 
thony Dushane, the Synod, in consideration that such marriages are of ill re- 
port in many parts of the Church, do recommend it to their people, to abstain 
from them in order to avoid giving offence. 

Agreed, to pay the janitor forty shillings for his attendance on the present 
session. Ordered, that Dr. Sproat draw upon the treasurer of Synod for the 
same. 



496 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

Adjourned to meet in the second Presbyterian Church, in Philadelphia, the 
third Wednesday of May next, at eleven o'clock, ante meridiem. 
Concluded with prayer. 

Philadelphia, May 2lst, 1783. 

The Synod of New York and Philadelphia met according to adjournment, 
at the second Presbyterian church. Ubi post preces sederunt, 

Of New York Presbytery: The Rev. Drs. John Rodgers and Alexander 
McWhorter, the Rev. Messrs. Nathan Kerr, Jonathan Elmer, and Alexander 
Miller. 

Of New Brunswick Presbytery: The Rev. Drs. John Witherspoon and 
Elihu Spencer, the Rev. Messrs. Samuel S. Smith, Samuel Kennedy, and 
Francis Peppard. 

Of the first Philadelphia Presbytery: The Rev. Dr. James Sproat, the Rev. 
Messrs. George Duffield, Alexander Mitchell, William Hollingshead, William 
Tennent, Daniel McCalla, George Faitout, Nathaniel Irwin, and Samuel 
Blair. 

Of the second Philadelphia Presbytery : The Rev. Dr. John Ewing, the 
Rev. Messrs. Robert McMordie, and Robert Davidson. 

Of the Presbytery of New Castle: The Rev. Messrs. James Latta, Robert 
Smith, James Finley, Thomas Reed, William Smith, John Carmichael, John 
McCreary, James Anderson, and Daniel Jones. 

Of the Presbytery of Donegall: The Rev. Messrs. Robert Cooper, James 
Lang, John Craighead, John King, Colin McFarquar, Thomas McFerrin, 
William Linn, and John Black. 

Of the Presbytery of Redstone : The Rev. Mr. John McMillan. 

Of the Presbytery of Lewes : The Rev. Messrs. John Miller and Samuel 
McMasters. 

Of the Presbytery of Orange : The Rev. Mr. James Edmunds. 

Elders: Messrs. William Faulkner, John Pinkerton, William Mclntire, 
John Bergen, Robert Porter, James Porter, William Brizben, Samuel Waugh, 
Lucas Aldridge, and Patrick Scott. 

Absent: Of the Presbytery of New York: The Rev. Dr. Hugh Knox, the 
Rev. Messrs. Timothy Jones, Simon Horton, Aaron Richards, John MorTatt, 
Benjamin Woodruff, Abner Brush, Joseph Treat, Azel Roe, Jedidiah Chap- 
man, Jacob Vanarsdalen, Matthias Burnet, Andrew r King, and John Joline. 

Of the Presbytery of New Brunswick: The Rev. Messrs. John Guild, 
Israel Read, John Hannah, John Woodhull, John Warford, Thomas Smith, 
and Philip Stockton. 

Of the first Presbytery of Philadelphia: The Rev Messrs. James Watt, 
William Schenck, James Greir, Andrew Hunter, Israel Evans, and Robert 
Keith. 

Of the second Presbytery of Philadelphia: The Rev. Messrs. John Elder 
and John Simon ton. 

Of the New Castle Presbytery: The Rev. Messrs. William McKennan, 
Joseph Montgomery, James* Armstrong, John Finley, Thomas Smith, and 
Samuel Eakin. 

Of the Donegall Presbytery: The Rev. Messrs. Samuel Thompson, John 
Hogg, James Martin, Hugh McGill, Amos Thompson, James Hunt. Hugh 
Vance, Samuel Dougal, John McKnight, John Linn, David Bard, Samuel 
Waugh, Joseph Henderson, Matthew Woods, and Stephen Balch. 

Of the Presbytery of Redstone: The Rev. Messrs. John Clark, James 
Power, Thaddeus Dodd, James Dunlap, and Joseph Smith. 

Of the Presbytery of Orange: The Rev. Messrs. John Hill, Joseph Alex- 






NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 497 

ander, John Debeau, Casson, Roe, Archibald, McCall, Barr, Harris, Thacher, 
Caldwell, Patillo, Craighead, McCorkle, Templeton. 

Of the Presbytery of Lewes: The Rev. Messrs. Matthew Wilson, Jacob 
Kerr, Alexander Huston, and John Rankin. 

The Synod was opened by Mr. Latta, the last year's moderator, with a 
sermon from 1 Tim. iv. 16. 

The Rev. John McCreary, of New Castle Presbytery, was chosen mode- 
rator, and the Rev. Messrs. Nathaniel Irwin and John Black were chosen 
clerks. 

Ordered, To read the minutes of last Synod. 

The members who were absent from last Synod, as also from preceding 
Synods, and now present, gave their reasons of absence, which were sus- 
tained. 

Ordered, That the several Presbyteries bring in their reports to-morrow 
morning. 

The Rev. Messrs. Alexander Miller, Peppard, Mitchell, McMordie, Wil- 
liam Smith, Lang, John Miller, McMillan, Edmunds; with the elders, 
Messrs. Brizban, Porter, Faulkner, and Scott, were appointed a committee of 
overtures, to meet here to-morrow morning at six o'clock, and afterwards by 
adjournment, as occasion may require. 

The Synod proceeded to the choice of a commission for the ensuing year, 
when the following gentlemen were appointed, viz. Drs. Witherspoon, Ewing, 
Sproat, Spencer, and McWhorter, Messrs. Roe, Israel Read, Mitchell, Boyd, 
Simonton, Robert Smith, Carmichael, Cooper, McFerrin, John Miller, Mat- 
thew Wilson, and John McCreary, with elders Faulkner, Pinkerton, Mcln- 
tire, Bergen, R. Porter, J. Porter, and Brizban; of these, thirteen shall be a 
quorum. The moderator, with adv'ice of six members, shall have power to 
call a meeting, and to preside therein ; in case of his death or disability, the 
first surviving member on the list shall call the meeting, and the first on the 
list of the members convened, shall preside. 

The committee appointed last Synod to examine into the state of the 
widows' fund with regard to certain monies in the hands of the corporation of 
said fund, which is subject to be disposed of by Synod, or their committee, 
report, that they have not transacted that business. 

The Synod then proceeded to the choice of a new committee for the same 
business, when the following gentlemen were chosen, viz. Rev. Drs. Elihu 
Spencer and Alexander McWhorter, Rev. Messrs. James Boyd, Robert Da- 
vidson, and Nathaniel Irwin, who are instructed to report to Synod before the 
conclusion of the present sessions. 

Adjourned till nine o'clock to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 

Thursday morning, at nine o'clock, the Synod met. Post preces, sede- 
runt qui supra, 

The Rev. John Slemmons is now come, his reasons for not coming sooner, 
as also for being absent from several preceding meetings of Synod, sustained; 
his elder, Mr. William Ross. 

The Rev. Dr. Patrick Alison and Rev. Nathaniel Semple are now come, 
their reasons for not attending sooner, sustained; Mr. Semple's elder is Mr. 
Robert Bayly. 

The Presbytery of New York report, that the Rev. Mr. William Woodhull, 
one of their members, appeared before them at their last meeting, and stated 
to them his situation, as being still incapable of exercising his ministry by his 
continued indisposition, and the little, or rather no probability of his ever be- 
ing able to attempt the exercise of it in future, and that he was at the same time 
engaged in certain secular employments that would seem to render it impro- 
42* 



498 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

per to have his name in their records as a member, while he is incapable of 
attending their meetings, or discharging any of the great duties of his ministry, 
and therefore submits to them the propriety of their continuing and consider- 
ing him as a member from time to time; and that the Presbytery, on consider- 
ing his situation, thought it best to leave his name out of their records in future, 
till he shall be able to return to the exercise of his ministry, an event that would 
give them great pleasure. 

The Synod considered the above report, and are of opinion, that Mr. Wood- 
hull ought to be continued a member of the Presbytery of New York, and 
therefore direct that Presbytery to insert his name in their roll. 

The Rev. Mr. Isaac Keith is now come, his reasons for not attending sooner, 
sustained. 

The Presbytery of New Brunswick reported, that they had licensed since 
our last meeting, Mr. Joseph Clark to preach the gospel. 

The first Presbytery of Philadelphia reported, that they have installed the 
Rev. William Mackey Tennent in the united congregations of Abington, Nor- 
rington, and New Providence, and that they have received the Rev. Samuel 
Blair as a member; and also received under their care Mr. Simeon Hyde, a 
probationer from the eastern churches. 

The Presbytery of Donegall reported, that they have ordained the Rev. 
Matthew Woods, and the Rev. Stephen Batch to the work of the gospel min- 
istry, and licensed Mr. William Boyd and Mr. James Johnston to preach the 
gospel, since our last meeting. 

The Presbytery of New Castle reported, that they have dismissed the Rev. 
Mr. John Clark from them to join the Presbytery of Redstone, since our last 
meeting. 

The Presbytery of Redstone reported, that they have received the Rev. 
Messrs. John Clark and James Dunlap, as members, since our last sessions. 
Ordered, To proceed in reading the minutes of the last session. 
Mr. Finley reports, that he has not been able to procure the act of Synod 
of the year 1729, adopting the standards of the Church of Scotland. 

Ordered, That Mr. Cooper and Mr. Boyd be a committee to examine the 
New York Presbytery book, that Mr. Tennent and Mr. King be a committee 
to examine New Brunswick Presbytery book, that Mr. Elmer and Mr. Kerr 
be a committee to examine the first Philadelphia Presbytery book, and to re- 
port on Friday morning. 

Whereas, the Presbyteries of Donegall, New Castle, Lewes, Orange, and 
Redstone, have not produced their Presbytery books, ordered, that they be 
careful in future to lay the said books before Synod. 

Upon motion, ordered, that the clerk of the Synod write to the Presbyte- 
ries of Hanover, Suffolk, and Dutchess, that they be careful to attend the 
meetings of Synod in future; and that if any circumstances should necessa- 
rily prevent any of those Presbyteries from attending at any particular time, 
they should make the necessary reports to Synod by letter, and send their 
Presbytery books for examination. 

Mr. Francis Gamer, Mr. Carmichael's elder, is now come, his reasons for 
not attending sooner, sustained. 

The Rev. James Grier is now come, his reasons for not attending sooner, 
sustained. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prr.yer. 

At three o'clock, P. M. the Synod met. Post preccs sc.h;-unt qui 

supra. 
Ordered, to read the minutes of last scdcrimt. 

The Rev. Mr. Joseph Smith is now come, his reasons for not attending 
sooner, sustained. 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 499 

Whereas, there was an order of last Synod for the expunging of a minute 
in the proceedings of Synod of 1781, the Synod now taking up the matter, 
agree, that our minutes ought not to be expunged in any instance, and that the 
said minute ought, therefore, to be now revived and inserted in the present 
records ; accordingly it is hereby revived and is as follows, viz: 

" It having been represented to Synod, that the Presbyterian church suffers 
greatly in the opinion of other denominations, from an apprehension that they 
hold intolerant principles, the Synod do solemnly and publicly declare, that 
they ever have, and still do renounce and abhor the principles of intolerance ; 
and we do believe that every peaceable member of civil society ought to be 
protected in the full and free exercise of their religion." 

Remonstrances from sundry congregations were brought in by the com- 
mittee of overtures, requesting a reversing of the decision of last Synod, 
respecting the marriage of a man with his former wife's sister. After much 
deliberation, Synod agree to reconsider the subject to-morrow morning. 

Adjourned till nine o'clock to-morrow morning. 

Concluded with prayer. 

2'Sd day, nine o'clock, A. M. Synod met. Post preces sederunt qui 
supra. 

Ordered, To read the minutes of last sederunt. 

The Rev. Robert Keith is now come, his reasons for not attending sooner, 
sustained. 

Mr. Carmichael hath leave of absence during the remainder of the present 
sessions. 

Agreeably to the order of this day, the Synod proceeded to reconsider the 
case of marriage, and discussed the subject at considerable length ; the further 
consideration thereof deferred till the afternoon. 

The Rev. Dr. McWhorter hath leave of absence during the remainder of 
the present sessions. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

Three o'clock, P. M. Synod met. Post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, To read the minutes of last sederunt. 

Mr. Ross, Mr. Slemmons's elder, hath leave of absence till to-morrow 
morning. 

The Synod resumed the consideration of the case of marriage, and after 
debating the matter at some length, agreed to defer the final decision thereof 
till to-morrow morning. 

Through the committee of overtures, it was requested by the first Presby- 
tery of Philadelphia, that the S'ynod declare to them their sense on this point, 
viz : whether a person without a liberal education may be taken on trials or 
licensed to preach the gospel ? The question being put, it was carried in the 
negative. 

A committee was appointed last sessions of Synod to take into considera- 
tion the difficulties under which gospel ministers labour, for want of a liberal 
maintenance from the congregations they serve, and report to this Synod; 
said committee brought in their report, which was read and considered: 
Whereupon ordered, that Drs. Witherspoon and Spencer, with Mr. S. Smith, 
be a committee to prepare a draught of a pastoral letter to the congregations, 
under the inspection of Synod, as also to prepare some resolves to be past by 
Synod, and accompany said letter; the whole to be brought in to-morrow 
morning. 

Adjourned till to-morrow morning nine o'clock. 

Concluded with prayer. 



500 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

24tk day, nine o'clock, A. M. the Synod met. Post preces sederunt qui 
supra. 

Ordered, To read the minutes of last sederunt. 

The Synod having again resumed the consideration of the judgment which 
they passed last year concerning Anthony Dushane, declare their dissatisfac- 
tion with all such marriages as are inconsistent with the Levitical law, and 
that persons marrying within the degrees of consanguinity prohibited in that 
law, ought to suffer the censures of the church; and they further judge, that 
although the marriage of a man to two sisters successively, viz: to the one 
after the death of the other, may not be a direct violation of the express words 
of that law, yet as it is contrary to the custom of the Protestant churches in 
general, and an evidence of great untenderness towards many serious and well 
disposed Christians, and may, through the prejudices or generally received 
opinions of the members of our church, be productive of very disagreeable 
consequences; the persons contracting such marriages are highly censurable, 
and the practice ought to be disallowed in express terms by the Synod, and 
we do therefore condemn such marriages as imprudent and unseasonable. 
Yet as some things may be done very imprudently and unseasonably, which 
when done ought not to be annulled, we are of opinion, that it is not neces- 
sary for the persons whom this judgment respects to separate from one an- 
other, yet they should not be received into the communion of the church with- 
out a solemn admonition, at the discretion of the session of the congregation 
to which they belong; and the Synod publicly recommend it to all their mem- 
bers to abstain from celebrating such marriages, and to discountenance them 
by all the proper means in their power. 

Mr. Finley dissented from the above judgment, and requested leave to en- 
ter his reasons of dissent in the minutes, which was granted. 

The committee appointed to prepare a draught of a pastoral letter to the 
congregations under the inspection of Synod, reported one, which, after a few 
alterations, was approved of, and Dr. Witherspoon and Mr. Black were direct- 
ed to have it fairly transcribed, signed by the moderator, and printed. 

The consideration of the resolves brought in by the committee which 
draughted the pastoral letter, deferred till next Synod. 

The Synod taking into consideration the situation of many people under 
their care, who, through the indigence of their circumstances are not able to 
purchase Bibles, and are in danger of perishing for lack of knowledge: 

Ordered, That every member of this body shall use his utmost influence in 
the congregation under his inspection, and in the vacancies contiguous to them, 
to raise contributions for the purchasing of Bibles, to be distributed among 
such poor persons; and that Drs. Sproat and Ewing, and Mr. Duffield, be a 
committee to receive such contributions, to purchase Bibles therewith, and 
send them to the several members of this Synod, who, in conjunction with 
their respective sessions, shall distribute them. And as Mr. Aitkin, from 
laudable motives, and with great expense, hath undertaken and executed an 
elegant impression of the Holy Scriptures, which, on account of the importa- 
tion of Bibles from Europe, will be very injurious to his temporal circum- 
stances: Synod further agree, that the above committee shall purchase Bibles 
of the said impression and no other, and earnestly recommend it to all, to pur- 
chase such in preference to any other. 

The committees appointed to examine the Presbytery books reported ac- 
cordingly. 

Agreed to pay the stated clerk forty shillings for transcribing the minul 
two years ; to discharge the bill of one pound, one shilling, and six pence, 
contingent expenses; and to pay the janitor forty shillings for his attendance 
on the present sessions. 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 501 

Ordered, That Dr. Sproat draw upon the treasurer of Synod for the above 
sums. 

Adjourned to meet at the first Presbyterian Church, in Philadelphia, the 
third Wednesday of May next, at eleven o'clock, A. M. 

Concluded with prayer. 

Philadelphia, May 19/A, 1784. 

The Synod of New York and Philadelphia met, according to adjournment, 
at the first Presbyterian Church. 

Present: Of the New York Presbyteiy : The Rev. Messrs. Jonathan El- 
mer, Nathan Kerr, Alexander Miller. 

Of the New Brunswick Presbytery: The Rev. Dr. Elihu Spencer. 

Of the first Philadelphia Presbytery: The Rev. Dr. James Sproat, the 
Rev. Messrs. George Duffield, Alexander Mitchell, James Boyd, James Grier, 
Andrew Hunter, William Schenck, Francis Peppard, Samuel Blair, Israel 
Evans, Nathaniel Irwin. 

Of the second Philadelphia Presbytery: The Rev. Drs. John Ewing, Pa- 
trick Alison, and the Rev. Mr. Robert Davidson. 

Of the New Castle Presbytery: The Rev. Messrs. Robert Smith, William 
McKcnnan, James Anderson, and John McCreary. 

Of the Donegall Presbytery: The Rev. Messrs. John Craighead, William 
Linn, Isaac Keith, Matthew Woods, and Robert Cooper. 

Of the Presbytery of Lewes: The Rev. Mr. John Miller. 

Of the Presbytery of Redstone : The Rev. Mr. James Dunlap. 

Of the Presbytery of Orange : the Rev. James Edmunds. 

Elders present : Mr. Benjamin Gale, Col. John Bayard, Messrs. Hosea 
Lawrence, Robert Porter, Robert Boggs, and Robert Patterson. 

Absent: Of the Presbytery of New York: the Rev. Dr. Timothy Jones, 
the Rev. Drs. John Rodgers and Hugh Knox, the Rev. Messrs. Simon Hor- 
ton, Aaron Richards, John Moffatt, Abner Brush, Benjamin Woodruff, Joseph 
Treat, Azel Roe, Jedidiah Chapman, John Close, Jacob Vanarsdalen, William 
Woodhull, Matthias Burnet, Andrew King, John Joline, and the Rev. Dr. Al- 
exander McWhorter. 

Of the Presbytery of New Brunswick: the Rev. Drs. John Witherspoon 
and Samuel Smith, the Rev. Messrs. John Guild, Israel Read, John Hannah, 
John Woodhull, Samuel Kennedy, John Warford, Thomas Smith, and Philip 
Stockton. 

Of the first Philadelphia Presbytery: the Rev. Messrs. James Watt, Daniel 
McCalla, George Faitout, Robert Keith, and William Tennent. 

Of the second Philadelphia Presbytery: the Rev. Messrs. John Elder, 
John Simonton, and Robert McMordie. 

Of the Presbytery of New Castle: the Rev. Joseph Montgomery, Thomas- 
Reed, Thomas Smith, James Finley, John Finley, Nathaniel Semple, James 
F. Armstrong, William Smith, James Latta. 

Of the Presbytery of Donegall: the Rev. Samuel Thompson, JohnHoge, 
James Hunt, Hugh Magill, James Martin, Colin McFarquar, Amos Thomp- 
son, John Slemmons, James Lang, John King, Hugh Vance, John Black, 
John McKnight, David Beard, John Linn, Samuel Waugh, Joseph Hender- 
son, Stephen Balch, and Samuel Dougall. 

Of the Presbytery of Lewes : the Rev. Matthew Wilson, Jacob Kerr, Alex- 
ander Huston, John Rankin, Samuel McMasters. 

Of the Presbytery of Redstone: the Rev. Messrs, John McMillan, James 
Power, Joseph Smith, Thaddeus Dodd, John Clark. 

Of the Presbytery of Orange : the Rev. Messrs. Joseph Alexander, Robert 
Archibald, David Barr, David Caldwell, John Casson, Francis Cummings» 



502 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

Thomas Craighead, James Frazier, James Hall, John Harris, Thomas Hill, 
Thomas McCall, Samuel McCorkle, James McKee, Henry Pattillo, Thomas 
Rees, John Simpson, James Templeton, Daniel Thatcher. 

The whole Presbyteries of Hanover, Dutchess, and Suffolk. 

The Synod was opened by the Rev. John McCreary, the moderator of last 
year, with a sermon from Jeremiah iii. 22. 

The Rev. Jonathan Elmer was chosen moderator, Messrs. William Linn, 
and Nathaniel Irwin, clerks. 

Ordered, To read the minutes of last session of Synod. 

The members who were absent from last Synod, and are present now, gave 
their reasons of absence, which were satisfactory. 

The Rev. Messrs. Nathan Kerr, James Boyd, Robert Davidson, John Mc- 
Creary, Isaac Keith, James Dunlap, and James Edmunds, with Col. Bayard, 
Messrs. Robert Porter, Benjamin Gale, and Robert Patterson, elders, were 
appointed a committee of overtures, to meet here to-morrow morning, six 
o'clock, and afterwards by adjournment, as occasion may require. 

Ordered, That the Presbyteries bring in their reports to-morrow morning. 

Dr. Alison and Mr. Keith are appointed a committee to examine the Orange 
Presbytery book. 

Mr. Craighead and Mr. Cooper were appointed a committee to examine the 
New Castle Presbytery book. 

Mr. Mitchell and Mr. Duffield to examine the Donegall Presbytery book. 

The Rev. Mr. James Finley sent in his reasons for dissenting from judg- 
ment of last Synod, respecting a certain Anthony Dushane, and Eliza, his 
wife, which were ordered to be inserted. They are as follows : 

" The subscriber begs the following may be inserted as containing his rea- 
sons for protesting against the judgment formed by the Synod, the year 1783, 
upon a review of the judgment or judgments formed the preceding year, 
respecting Anthony Dushane and his supposed wife. The reasons are, 

" 1st. That although this year's judgment differs from the judgment of 
the preceding year in words, yet the substance is nearly the same: the first 
year's judgment allows the above said persons to be admitted to privileges 
notwithstanding their marriage, the second does the same: the former cau- 
tions against such marriages purely because offensive to many, the latter does 
the same, and goes no further than to say that marriages, contrary to the pro- 
hibitions in Leviticus, are imprudent and unseasonable, many in our church 
being offended at them, and they are offended for a reason very different from 
that given by the Synod. The last of the former judgments by implication, 
reproves persons guilty of such marriages, for it blames them as acting impru- 
dently, this year's goes little further; for it only requires them to be rebuked, 
and that at the discretion of the session, which may be done very privately. 
and it neither requires them to confess their fault nor forsake it. 

" 2dly. This year's judgment appears to be worse than that of the last, far 
the former, however unsoundly intended, yet was more safely worded : for 
they say nothing about the persons cohabiting for the future, but only respect 
the marriage, which is a crime, that upon confessing and then forsaking the 
marriage bed, ought to be passed over, and had this been added, the judgment 
would have been very vindicable ; but this year's judgment allows them to 
cohabit, which is the crime directly forbidden by Almighty God: so that 
hereby the Synod allow them to continue in the constant violation of a moral 
negative precept. Therefore, since there is such an agreement, and the last 
judgment worse than the former, I firmly adhere to the reasons given in my first 
protest as applicable here. I would add, that the Synod has treated with dis- 
regard the petitions of many worthy persons, who begged, that if the Synod 
6hould confirm their former judgment, they would let them know their reasons 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 



503 



for so doing, which I think is not done. The only thing like it is their saying 
in the minute that some things may be done very imprudently and unsea- 
sonably, which when done ought not to be annulled, which no body doubts ; 
but the petitioners expected a proof that this was a thing of that nature and< 
to have been instructed in it. Upon the whole, although I desire not to pro- 
mote uneasiness, yet knowing it to be my duty to testify against the declen- 
sions and dangerous innovations in our church, I am obliged by conscience 
to act as I do in this, and may go further, be offended who will. 

" James Finley." 
Adjourned till to-morrow morning nine o'clock. Concluded with prayer. 

20th, nine o'clock, A. M. Synod met. 

Mr. Peppard obtained leave of absence from the remainder of the sessions. 

Ordered, To read the minutes of last session. 

The Rev. John Linn is now come, his reasons for absence from several 
former meetings of Synod, and not attending sooner at this, sustained. 

The Rev. Dr. McWhorter and the Rev. Dr. Rodgers are now come, their 
reasons for not attending sooner, sustained. 

Whereas, the Synod last year recommended it to their members to make 
collections for the purpose of buying Bibles of Mr. Aitken's impression, to be 
distributed among the poor: And as it appears that that recommendation has 
not been fully executed, the Synod now renew the order, and earnestly re- 
commend it to those who have yet done nothing in that business, to do every 
thing in their power to promote so good a design, either by purchases in the 
said impression or any other they may prefer. The Synod further order the 
several Presbyteries to pay a special attention to this matter, and that the clerk 
write to the Presbyteries that are not represented in the Synod, on the same 
subject. 

The Synod proceeded to receive the reports of the several Presbyteries, 
when the Presbytery of New York reported, that they have re-inserted the 
name of the Rev. William Woodhull in their records, agreeably to the order 
of last Synod; and that they have installed the Rev. Alexander Miller to the 
pastoral charge of the congregation of South Hanover since the last Synod. 

The first Presbytery of Philadelphia report, that they have ordained Mr. 
Simeon Hyde to the work of the gospel ministry, and installed him in the con- 
gregation of Deerfield, and that he has been removed by death; they further 
report, that they have received the Rev. Mr. Francis Peppard from the Pres- 
bytery of New Brunswick, and dismissed the Rev. William Hollingshead in 
consequence of his having accepted an invitation from a congregation in 
Cliarlestown, South Carolina, all since the last session of Synod. 

The Presbytery of New Castle reported, that the Rev. Samuel Eakin has 
been removed by death since last Synod. 

The Presbytery of Donegall reported, that they have dismissed Mr. Wil- 
liam Boyd, a licensed candidate under their care, that he may put himself un- 
der the care of New Brunswick Presbytery. 

The Presbytery of Orange reported, that they have since their last report 
to Synod, ordained Mr. David Barr, and installed him in the congregation of 
Sandy river; that they had ordained Mr. Francis Cummings, and installed 
him in the congregation of Bethel; and also ordained Mr. James McKee, and 
installed him in the congregation of Steel Creek; that they have licensed 
Messrs. Robert Finley, Robert Hall, Robert Mecklin, and James Newton, to 
preach the gospel, and that the Rev. Messrs. John Debow and James Camp- 
bell have been removed by death. 



504 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

The Presbyteries of New Brunswick, Redstone, and the second Presbytery 
of Philadelphia, informed Synod that they have nothing to report. 
Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

Three o'clock, P. M. Synod met. 

Ordered, To read the minutes of last session. 

The Rev. Mr. McMordie is now come, his reasons for not coming sooner, 
sustained. 

Dr. Spencer informed Synod that the Rev. David McClure, of New Eng- 
land, proposed a journey to the southward to preach the gospel, and that he 
was desirous of obtaining recommendations from Synod to the vacancies in 
that part of the church. The Synod direct the stated clerk, together with Mr. 
Duffield, to furnish him with such recommendations, provided he produces to 
them sufficient testimonials. 

Mr. Boggs had leave of absence during the remainder of the sessions. 

Adjourned till to-morrow morning, nine o'clock. Concluded with prayer. 

21s/, nine o'clock, d. M. Synod met. 

Ordered, To read the minutes of last session. 

Mr. Walker Smith, Dr. Spencer's elder, is now come. 

The Rev. Dr. Samuel S. Smith is now come, his reasons for not attending 
sooner, sustained. 

The Synod having reason, by information given since their present meet- 
ing, to apprehend the churches under their care in imminent danger from min- 
isters and licensed candidates of unsound principles coming among us, do 
hereby renew their former injunctions to the respective Presbyteries within 
their bounds, relative to this matter, and do also strictly enjoin on every mem- 
ber of this body, under pain of censure, to be particularly careful in this res- 
pect. And the stated clerk of the Synod is hereby directed to furnish each of 
our Presbyteries with an attested copy of the said injunctions, together with a 
copy of this minute. 

The Presbytery of Orange applied to the Synod for their advice respecting 
an irregular member of their body, cited to appearand neglecting to attend, or 
living at so great a distance that he cannot be cited. Ordered, that .Mr. Cooper 
and Mr. Kerr be a committee to prepare and bring in a report on this affair in 
the afternoon. 

The Presbytery of Orange represented to Synod that their numbers are so 
increased, and their bounds so extensive, as to render it very inconvenient for 
them to meet in one place. They, therefore, request the Synod to form a 
number of their members into a distinct Presbytery, to be known by the name 
of the Presbytery of South Carolina. The Synod* grant their request, and or- 
der the Rev. Messrs. Joseph Alexander, Francis Cummings. James Edmunds, 
John Harris, Thomas Rees, and John Simpson, to be set off from the Orange 
Presbytery and formed into a Presbytery as aforesaid, and appoint their first 
meeting to be at the Wexaws, the second Tuesday of April next, at eleven 
o'clock, A. M. and the Rev. James Edmunds to preside in said meeting. The 
Synod further direct that the line that divides North and South Carolina be in 
future the line of separation between the Presbytery of Orange and the Pres- 
bytery of South Carolina. 

Adjourned till half-past three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

Half-past three o'clock, P. M. Synod met. 
Ordered, To read the minutes of last session. 
The committee appointed to bring in a report this afternoon on the ease 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 5Q5 

committed to them, brought in one accordingly, which not being approved, 
the Synod adopted the following, viz: In answer to an application from the 
Orange Presbytery for advice in a particular case, which is expressly provided 
for in the discipline of the Presbyterian Church, advised that they strictly con- 
form themselves to its known rules in such cases provided. 

The Rev. Dutch classis of New Brunswick having expressed an uneasi- 
ness with regard to some members of the Presbyteries of New York and 
New Brunswick, it was moved that a committee of this Synod be appointed, 
conditionally, to meet with a committee expected to be appointed by the 
Dutch Synod, now meeting at New York, at a time and place to be fixed by 
them, in order to compromise, if possible, all subjects of difference existing 
between them, and to determine a line for their future conduct with regard to 
each other, and to enter into an amicable correspondence with the Dutch 
committee upon subjects of general utility, and friendship between the 
churches. 

The Synod upon the motion resolved, that Drs. Rodgers, McWhorter, 
Spencer, and Smith, and Messrs. Alexander Miller, J. Woodhull, and Israel 
Read, be a committee accordingly, to meet a committee of the Dutch Synod, 
for the above mentioned objects, at the time and place the said Synod may 
please to appoint; and that Dr. Rodgers be appointed to give timely notice to 
the above members, of the time and place of the meeting of the committees, 
as appointed by the Dutch Synod. 

Agreed to pay the stated clerk twenty shillings for transcribing the minutes 
of this year; and to pay the janitor thirty shillings for his attendance on the 
present sessions. 

Ordered, That Dr. Sproat draw upon the treasurer of Synod for the above 
sums. 

Adjourned to meet in the second Presbyterian Church, in Philadelphia, on 
the third Wednesday of May, 1785, at eleven o'clock. 

Concluded with prayer. 

Philadelphia, May 18th, 1785. 

The Synod of New York and Philadelphia met, according to adjournment, 
in the second Presbyterian Church. Ubi post preces sederunt, 

Of the Presbytery of New York: The Rev. Drs. John Rodgers, and Alex- 
ander McWhorter, and Rev. Messrs. Alexander Miller, and Jonathan Elmer. 

Of the Presbytery of New Brunswick: The Rev. Dr. John Witherspoon, 
and Rev. Mr. John Woodhull. 

Of the rirst Presbytery of Philadelphia: The Rev. Dr. James Sproat, and 
Rev. Messrs. George Duffield, James Boyd, William Mackay Tennent, Wil- 
liam Schenck, George Faitout, and Nathaniel Irwin. 

Of the second Presbytery of Philadelphia: The Rev. Dr. John Ewing, and 
Rev. Mr. Robert McMordie. 

Of the Presbytery of New Castle : The Rev. Messrs. Robert Smith, John 
McCreary, John Carmichael, Thomas Reed, James Anderson, Daniel Jones, 
and William Smith. 

Of the Presbytery of Donegal!: The Rev. Messrs. Robert Cooper, James 
Martin, John Linn, Isaac Keith, and James Johnston. 

Of the Presbytery of Lewes: The Rev. Messrs. Matthew Wilson, John 
Miller, and William Linn. 

Elders: Messrs. Jacob Wikoff, William Falconer, John Pinkerton, Joseph 
Neely, the Hon. John Whitehill, and David McClure. 

Absent: Of the Presbytery of New York: The Rev. Dr. Hugh Knox, the 
Rev. Messrs. Simon Horton, Timothy Jones, John MofTatt, Abner Brush, 
Benjamin Woodruff, Aaron Richards, Nathan Kerr, Azel Roe, Jedidiah Chap- 
43 



506 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OP 

man, Jacob Vanarsdalen, William Woodhull, Mathias Burnet, John Joline, 
Andrew King, and John Close. 

Of New Brunswick Presbytery: The Rev. Messrs. John Guild, Samuel 
Kennedy, Israel Read, Thomas Smith, John Hanna, Philip Stockton, Joseph 
Rue, Peter Wilson, John Warford, James Armstrong, and the Rev. Dr. 
Samuel Stanhope Smith. 

Of the first Philadelphia Presbytery: The Rev. Messrs. Francis Peppard, 
James Grier, James Watt, Daniel McCalla, Israel Evans, Andrew Hunter, 
and Samuel Blair. 

Of the second Philadelphia Presbytery: The Rev. Messrs. John Elder, 
and John Simonton, and Rev. Dr. Patrick Alison. 

Of New Castle Presbytery: The Rev. Messrs. William McKennan, James 
Latta, Alexander Mitchell, Thomas Smith, Nathaniel Semple, John Evans 
Finley, and George Luckey. 

Of Donegall Presbytery: The Rev. Messrs. Samuel Thomson. John Hoge, 
James Hunt, James Lang, John King, John Craighead, Hugh McGill, Amos 
Thomson, Hugh Vance, Thomas McFerrin, John Black, Colin McFar- 
quhar, John Slemmons, Samuel Dougal, John McKnight, Joseph Henderson, 
Samuel Waugh, Stephen Balch, David Beard, and the Rev. Dr. Robert Da- 
vidson. 

Of Lewestown Presbytery: The Rev. Messrs. Jacob Kerr, John Rankin, 
Samuel McMasters, and Alexander Huston. 

Of Hanover, Orange, Dutchess, Suffolk, Redstone, and the South Caro- 
lina Presbyteries, the whole of their members. 

The Synod was opened by Mr. Elmer, the moderator of last year's meet- 
ing, by a sermon on Daniel xii. 3. 

The Rev. Mr. Matthew Wilson was chosen moderator, and Mr. Dufneld 
and Mr. Tennent clerks. 

Ordered, To read the minutes of last Synod. 

The Rev. Messrs. John Woodhull, George Faitout, William Mackay Ten- 
nent, Thomas Reed, William Smith, and James Martin, gave reasons for ab- 
sence from last Synod, which were sustained. 

The present moderator's reasons for absence from several past meetings of 
Synod, were sustained. 

Ordered, That the clerks prepare against to-morrow morning, a draught of 
a letter, to the Presbyteries of Hanover, Orange, Dutchess, and Suffolk, re- 
specting their neglect of attending Synod, and urging their attendance in fu- 
ture. 

The Rev. Dr. McWhorter, the Rev. Messrs. Woodhull. Boyd, McMordie, 
Thomas Reed, Keith, and W r illiam Linn, with Messrs. Faulkner, and White- 
hill, elders, were appointed a committee of overtures to meet here to-morrow 
morning at six o'clock, and afterwards by adjournment. 

Mr. Elmer and Mr. Tennent, were appointed a committee to examine the 
New Brunswick Presbytery book. Mr. John Miller and Mr. Woodhull, to 
examine the second Philadelphia Presbytery book. Dr. Ewing and Mr. 
William Smith, to examine the Donegall Presbytery book. The books of 
the other Presbyteries have not been brought in. 

Mr. Mitchel is now come, his reasons for not attending sooner were sus- 
tained. 

The Synod observing with great regret, that the recommendation of the 
year before last, and renewed last year, respecting a collection to provide a 
supply of Bibles for the poor, especially those on the frontiers, has. by some 
means, been greatly neglected, do again renew the said recommendation, and 
earnestly request the respective Presbyteries that have not attended thereto, to 
pay a special attention to this matter, and to send die money that may be col- 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 507 

lected to the committee formerly appointed, and to make report at our next 
meeting. 

Mr. Mitchel was appointed a member of the committee to examine Done- 
gall Presbytery book. 

The Presbytery of New York reported, that they have, since our last, dis- 
missed the Rev. Mr. Joseph Treat, in order to his joining the Presbytery of 
New Brunswick ; and that they have taken under their care Messrs. John 
Burton, James Wilson, and John McDonald, candidates for the ministry from 
Scotland ; Mr. Wilson's and Mr. McDonald's credentials were, according to 
the order of Synod respecting ministers and probationers from foreign parts, 
laid before the Synod and approved. 

The Presbytery of New Brunswick reported, that the Rev. Dr. Spencer 
was removed by death the 27th of last December; and that they have, since 
our last, ordained to the work of the ministry, Messrs. Joseph Roe and Joseph 
Clark, sine titulo, agreeably to the liberty obtained last Synod; and have also 
ordained Mr. William Boyd to a charge, and Mr. Peter Wilson, sine titulo, 
in order to go on a mission, of whom Messrs. Clark and Boyd being present 
took their seats as members. 

Adjourned till nine o'clock to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 

Thursday, 1 9th day, nine o'clock, A. M. Post preces sederunt qui 
supra. 
f" Messrs. Slemmons, McFarquhar, Armstrong, Warford, Dr. Alison and 
Dr. Smith are now come, their reasons for not attending sooner, sustained; 
as also Mr. Slemmons's and Mr. McFarquhar's reasons for not attending last 
year, and Mr. Warford's and Mr. Armstrong's for non-attendance for some 
years past. 

Ordered, To read the minutes of last sederunt. 

Mr. Daniel Thatcher, of Orange Presbytery, is now come, his reasons for 
not attending for some years past, nor sooner at this meeting, were sustained. 

The first Presbytery of Philadelphia reported, that Mr. Robert Keith has 
been removed by death since our last; and that they have dismissed Mr. 
Mitchel in order to his joining the Presbytery of New Castle. 

The second Presbytery of Philadelphia reported, that they have, since our 
last, dismissed Dr. Davidson, to take a charge in the bounds of Donegall Pres- 
bytery. 

The Presbytery of New Castle reported, that they have, since our last, 
dismissed Mr. James Finley to join the Presbytery of Redstone; and have 
ordained Mr. George Luckey to the work of the ministry as pastor at Bethel; 
and have received Mr. Mitchel from the first Presbytery of Philadelphia; and 
have employed in their bounds the Rev. Mr. James Munro, an ordained mi- 
nister from Scotland; and have taken under their care, Mr. Samuel Barr, a 
licensed candidate from the Presbytery of Derry in Ireland ; and that in con- 
sequence of Mr. Joseph Montgomery's having informed them, that through 
bodily indisposition he was incapable of officiating in the ministry, and having 
also accepted an office under the civil authority, they have left his name out 
of their records. Mr. Munro's credentials, agreeably to a former order re- 
specting foreign ministers and probationers, were laid before the Synod and 
approved, in consequence whereof, Mr. Munro being present, took his seat in 
Synod as a member of that Presbytery. Mr. Barr's testimonials were also 
produced and approved. 

The Presbytery of Donegall reported, that they have, since our last, or- 
dained Mr. James Johnston to the work of the ministry _as pastor at Kishaco- 
quillas; and dismissed Mr. William Linn to join the Lewestown Presbytery; 
and have received Dr. Robert Davidson from the second Presbytery of Phila- 



508 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

delphia; and licensed Mr. Samuel Wilson to preach the gospel; and have 
also employed in their bounds the Rev. Mr. Matthew Stevens, an ordained 
minister from the Presbytery of Letterkenny in Ireland; and that Mr. Woods, 
one of their members, was removed by death on the thirteenth of last Sep- 
tember; Mr. Stevens's testimonials were produced and approved, and he 
being present, took his seat in Synod as a member of that Presbytery. 

The Presbytery of Lewestown reported, that Mr. Alexander Huston, one of 
their members, departed this life on the third of last January; and that they 
have, since our last, received Mr. William Linn from the Presbytery of Do- 
negall. 

A difficulty having arisen respecting Mr. Montgomery's name being left out 
of the records of New Castle Presbytery, for the reasons assigned in their re- 
port, Dr. Witherspoon, Dr. McWhorter, and Dr. Alison, were appointed a 
committee to consider that part of their report, and to prepare against to- 
morrow morning, a draught of a plan to direct the conduct of Presbyteries in 
such cases. 

A recommendation of last Synod, respecting members of Presbyteries be- 
coming contributors to the widows' fund, having been omitted in transcribing 
the minutes into the Synod book, was ordered now to be entered, and is as 
follows, viz : 

" The corporation of the widows' fund represented to the Synod, that the 
benevolent purposes of their institution were likely to be frustrated through 
the delinquency of some ministers who have been formerly contributors, and 
have not been punctual in paying their annual rates ; and by reason also of 
the young members of Synod, through the distracted state of public affairs, not 
having become contributors." 

The Synod, after seriously considering said representation, agree to recom- 
mend it to all their members, that those who have not become contributors, 
should, as soon as possible, become such, and embrace the privileges offered 
them by the said corporation ; and likewise, that those who arc. or may be 
contributors, should be careful and punctual in their annual payments. It is, 
moreover, enjoined by the Synod on all their Presbyteries, that they be very 
exact in laying before every young minister whom they may settle, all the 
advantages of being a contributor to the said fund. And the Synod agree, 
yearly to inquire of the Presbyteries, when the reports from the same are 
given in, with respect to their diligence in recommending this matter to their 
young members. And it is likewise recommended to all the congregations, 
where they shall settle a minister, to be careful to encourage their minister to 
become a contributor to the said fund. 

Ordered, To proceed in reading the minutes of last Synod. 

The committee appointed by the Synod last year, to meet with the com- 
mittee of the Low Dutch Reformed Synod of New York and New Jersey, 
report, that they were disappointed of meeting by a mistake, and one of the 
members of the committee informing the Synod that some of the brethren of 
the Dutch Synod, and one of the members of the Associate Reformed Synod, 
had expressed a desire of some measures being taken for promoting a friendly 
intercourse between the three Synods, or laying a plan for some kind of union 
among them, whereby they might be enabled to unite their interests and com- 
bine their efforts, for promoting the great cause of truth and vital religion : and 
at the same time giving it as their judgment, that such plan was practicable: 
The Synod were happy in finding such a disposition in the brethren of the 
above Synods, and cheerfully concur with them in thinking that such a mea- 
sure is both desirable and practicable, and therefore appoint Drs. Wither- 
spoon, Jones, Rodgers, McWhorter, Smith. Messrs. Martin, Puiheld. Alex- 
ander Miller, Israel Read, John Woodhull, and Nathan Kerr, a committee to 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 509 

meet with such committees as may be appointed by the Low Dutch Synod 
now sitting in New York, and by the Associate Synod, to meet in that city 
next week, at such time and place as may be agreed upon, to confer with the 
brethren of said Synods on this important subject, and to concert such mea- 
sures with them for the accomplishment of these great ends as they shall 
judge expedient, and report the same to the next meeting of this Synod. 

The above committee are also to do what may be necessary on the business 
for which the committee first mentioned in this minute were' appointed. 

Ordered, That Dr. Rodgers give notice to the above committee of the time 
and place of their meeting. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

19th day, three o'clock, P. M. Post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Mr. Hunter and Mr. Grier are now come, their reasons for not attending 
sooner, sustained. 

The clerks brought in, agreeably to the order of yesterday, a draught of a 
letter to be sent to the Presbyteries of Hanover, Orange, Suffolk, and Dutchess, 
which, after some amendments, was approved, and is as follows, viz: 

"It is with great concern the Synod have observed, that for several years 
past, very few members have attended from some of our distant Presbyteries; 
and that some others have been entirely unrepresented in our meetings. They 
are very sensible that your great distance, and the difficulties of the times have 
rendered an attendance very inconvenient; but they cannot refrain from ex- 
pressing their apprehensions, lest, if such non-attendance continue, the mem- 
bers of the body may become entire strangers to each other, and the general 
interests of the churches under our care sustain damage, through want of pro- 
per information and joint counsel respecting the state of affairs in the various 
parts ; and, therefore, most earnestly request, that, as the difficulties which 
may for some time time past have greatly obstructed are now happily 
removed, you will endeavour to have some of your members at each of our 
meetings, who may afford information of the state of the churches, and report 
to you such measures as may be devised for the general good. The Synod 
wish also to suggest their fears, lest a habit of neglect should be insensibly in- 
troduced, to the weakening of each other's hands, the discouraging the com- 
paratively few that attend, and the great injury, if not entirely mouldering 
away of the body ; events, which they rest assured, you would by no means 
wish to take place, and will, therefore, they persuade themselves, endeavour, 
as far as in your power, to prevent. But should it at any time so happen, 
that it may not be in the power of any of your members to attend, (which it 
is hoped will be but very seldom the case, if due care be taken,) it will give 
the Synod great pleasure to hear from you by letter, of the state of your affairs, 
and the circumstances which shall have rendered it impracticable to attend. 
You will do us the justice to believe, that a sincere desire to promote your 
comfort and ours, and the prosperity of the churches committed to our com- 
mon care, induces us thus earnestly to solicit your careful attention to this 
matter." 

Ordered, that a copy of said letter, signed by the moderator in the name of 
the Synod, be sent to each of those Presbyteries. 

The following question, referred to Synod by the Presbytery of Donegall 
for their decision, was brought in by the committee of overtures, viz: 

" Whether, on full proof of adultery by one party, the Presbytery has a 
right to declare the marriage so far void as that the innocent party may marry 
again without being liable to church censure?" 

And after some time spent in debating the case, it was moved and agreed, 
that each member should speak to the question in the order of the roll. After 
43* 



510 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

which the vote was put, and the question carried in the affirmative, by a small 
majority. 

Adjourned till to-morrow morning, at nine o'clock. 

Concluded with prayer. 

20th day, nine o'clock. A. M. Post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Mr. Samuel Doak, of Hanover Presbytery, is now come, his reasons for 
not attending for several years past, nor sooner now, were sustained. 

No report has been made from Hanover Presbytery. 

Mr. John Burton, who was reported by New York Presbytery to have been 
taken under their care, produced his testimonials, which were approved. 

Ordered, To read the minutes of last sederunt. 

The committee appointed yesterday, on a part of the report of New Castle 
Presbytery, brought in a draught, which was read and approved, and is as 
follows, viz: 

" The Synod disapprove of the conduct of the Presbytery of New Castle, 
in striking the name of Mr. Montgomery off their roll for the reasons given in 
their report, neither of which, nor both together, seem to be sufficient; and in 
future recommend to all Presbyteries, when any ministers under their inspec- 
tion resign their charge, or discontinue the exercise of their office while they 
remain in the same bounds, to pass a regular judgment on the reasons given 
for such conduct; and continue their inspection of those who shall not have 
deserved to be deprived of the ministerial character, though they may be laid 
aside from immediate usefulness." 

An application was made from the corporation of the widows' fund by a de- 
putation from that body, requesting ihe Synod to urge such of their members 
as have become contributors to the said fund, to be punctual in their payments, 
that the benevolent designs of the fund may not be prevented; and to recom- 
mend it to such of their members, and especially those lately ordained, as 
have not become contributors and may yet be admitted, to apply as speedily 
as possible for that purpose, as the corporation have agreed that if the num- 
ber of ministers contributing to the fund do not soon amount to a sufficiency 
for preserving the fund, they will be under the disagreeable necessity of 
admitting as many laymen as may be necessary to complete that number, at 
the same time fixing it as a rule to be invariably observed, to give a preference 
to ministers when any offer; reserving always to young ministers the privi- 
lege of becoming contributors. 

The Synod agree to recommend, and do hereby recommend to all their 
members who have become contributors to the said fund, to observe the 
greatest punctuality in paying their annual rates, that the benevolent designs 
of the institution may not be prevented ; and to such as have not already be- 
come contributors, and have it yet in their power, that they embrace without 
delay so favourable an opportunity of providing for their families after their 
decease. The Synod also earnestly recommend to their Presbyteries to re- 
present to young men that may be under their care, the advantage of becom- 
ing contributors, and to endeavour to engage them thereto. 

Dr. McWhorter obtained leave of absence for the remaining part of the 
sessions. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

20th day, three o'clock. P. M. Post preces sederunt qui supra. 
Ordered, To read the minutes of last sederunt. 

Mr. Doak laid before Synod an application, signed by Messrs. Hezekiah 
Balch, Charles Cummings, and Samuel Doak. members of Hanover Presby- 
tery, requesting that that part of Hanover Presbytery lying south of New 
River, might be erected into a separate Presbytery, by the name of Abington 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 5|j 

Presbytery; to be bounded by New River, on the side next to Hanover Pres- 
bytery, and by the Apalachian Mountains on the side next to Orange Presby- 
tery. A certificate of the concurrence of Hanover Presbytery with the above 
request being produced, 

Resolved, That the Synod grant the request; and they do hereby constitute 
those members of Hanover Presbytery who are settled within the above de- 
scribed bounds to be a distinct Presbytery, to be known by the name of the Pres- 
bytery of Abington, and appoint their first meeting to be held at Salem church, 
the first Tuesday of next August, and that Mr. Doak preside as moderator in 
the said meeting; and that they make report to the Synod at our next session. 

Mr. Clark had leave to go home. 

On motion, ordered, that Dr. Sproat, Mr. Duffield, and Mr. Daniel Jones, 
be a committee to revise the records of Synod from its earliest meeting, and 
point out such inaccuracies and improprieties as may occur, and select the re- 
gulations made by Synod from time to time, that they maybe transcribed into 
a book to be provided for that purpose, and lay the whole before Synod at 
their next meeting. 

Adjourned till nine o'clock, A. M. to-morrow. Concluded with prayer. 

21s/ day, nine o'clock, A. M. Post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, To read the minutes of last sederunt. 

An application was made from the Presbytery of New Castle for leave to 
ordain Mr. Barr, a licensed candidate under their care, in order that he may 
travel through the vacancies in the southern sta es, which was granted. 

Mr. John Hiddleson, an ordained minister from the Presbytery of Belfast, 
in Ireland, produced his credentials to the Synod, and prayed to be received 
into this body as a member of New Castle Presbytery. 

Ordered, That Dr. Witherspoon, Messrs. Robert Smith, John Miller, Mc- 
Farquhar, Cooper, and Woodhull, be a committee to examine into the authenti- 
city of the said credentials, and to enter into free conversation with the young 
gentleman, and to report their opinion upon the whole to the Synod on Mon- 
day morning. 

Ordered, That the Synod books of the old Synods of New York and Phil- 
adelphia, before the union of the said Synods, as well as the Synod book of the 
united Synod of New York and Philadelphia, and all other necessary papers, 
be deposited in the hands of the stated clerk of the Synod, that it may be easy 
to have recourse to them on all occasions. 

Mr. William McKee, an ordained minister from the Presbytery of Belfast, 
in Ireland, who had been received as a member of the first Presbytery of Phil- 
adelphia, produced his credentials to the Synod, agreeably to order, which be- 
ing examined and approved, Mr. McKee took his seat in Synod as a member 
of said Presbytery. 

An overture was brought in, in the following terms, viz: 

44 Whether in the present state of the church in America, and the scarcity 
of ministers to fill our numerous congregations, the Synod, or Presbyteries, 
ought therefore to relax, in any degree, in the literary qualifications required 
of intrants into the ministry ?" And it was carried in the negative by a great 
majority. 

An appeal was brought in by Mr. Francis Hindman, from a judgment of the 
Presbytery of Donegall, expressed in the following words, viz: 

" Mr. Hindman having appealed from a judgment of the session of Hano- 
ver, because he was not regularly cited; because the session did not take be- 
fore them the merits of the cause; because he considered them as his accusers; 
and because he was refused the privilege of introducing witnesses in his de- 
fence. The minutes of the session were read, and Mr. Hindman heard in 



512 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

support of his appeal, and, upon a full view of the whole, the Presbytery are 
of opinion, that the reasons of the appeal are entirely unsupported ; that the pro- 
ceedings of the session were regular, and their judgment well founded; and 
therefore judge, that the said Francis Hindman, before he be admitted to the 
distinguishing privileges of the church, shall publicly acknowledge his fault 
in treating the Rev. Mr. Woods, a member of Presbytery, and Mrs. Woods, 
his wife, in an injurious, abusive, and insulting manner; profess his repent- 
ance for it, and be rebuked and admonished for the same in the presence of 
the congregation of Hanover on a Sabbath day after sermon. — Extract of the 
minutes of the Presbytery of Donegall. 

Joseph Henderson, Presbtyery Clerk." 

Mr. Hindman was called upon to produce to Synod the reasons of his ap- 
peal ; after a iong and full hearing of which, the hearing of the Presbytery in 
justification of their decision, was deferred till Monday morning. 

Adjourned till Monday morning ten o'clock. Concluded with prayer. 

23d day, Monday, ten o'clock, A. M. Post preccs sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, To read the minutes of last sederunt. 

The committee appointed to examine Mr. Hiddleson's credentials, and to 
converse with him, brought in their report in the following terms, viz. " Your 
committee report it as their opinion, that Mr. lliddleson ought not, at present, 
to be annexed as a member, to any Presbytery belonging to your body; but 
that, if he choose, he may be committed to the care of some Presbytery, who 
may proceed with him as they may judge best, and make report to the Sy- 
nod at their next meeting;" which was approved. 

The affair of Mr. Hindman's appeal was resumed; and after the minutes 
of the session of Hanover were read, together with the judgment of the Pres- 
bytery on the affair, and the Presbytery were heard in their defence, as also 
Mr. Hindman's reply, the Synod proceeded to consider the matter, and after 
some time spent in debating on the case, the question was put to affirm or re- 
verse the judgment of the Presbytery, and w T as carried to affirm it, by a very 
great majority. 

Adjourned till four o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

23t7 day, four o'clock, P. M. Post preccs sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, To read the minutes of last sederunt. 

A motion was made and seconded, that no person be admitted on trials as 
a candidate for the ministry, until he shall have employed two years at least 
in the study of Divinity, after his having passed the usual course of a liberal 
education; and after some time spent on the subject, the further consideration 
of it was deferred till our next meeting. 

On motion, Ordered, That it be enjoined, and it is hereby enjoined on 
every Presbytery to subject every candidate on trials for the ministry, to an 
accurate examination on the discipline of the Presbyterian Church. 

On motion, Ordered, That Dr. Witherspoon, Dr. Rodgers. Mr. Robert 
Smith, Dr. Alison, Dr. Smith, Messrs. Woodhull, Cooper, Latta, and Duf- 
field, with the moderator, Mr. Wilson, be a committee to take into considera- 
tion the constitution of the church of Scotland, and other Protestant churches, 
and agreeably to the general principles of Presbyterian government, compile 
a system of general rules for the government of the Synod, and the several 
Presbyteries under their inspection, and the people in their communion, and 
to make report of their proceeding herein at the next meeting of Synod. 

It was moved and seconded, that the Synodical clerk be required to trans- 
mit annually to each Presbytery belonging to the Synod, an attested copy oi 
all general regulations of Synod, as well as of those that more immediately 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 513 

regard any Presbytery in particular, and that each Presbytery be required to 
enjoin on their clerk to furnish each member of the Presbytery with an au- 
thentic copy of the same, that by a general intelligence of the acts of the su- 
preme judicature being thus communicated to all, the whole body may be 
brought to operate with concert and vigour, and that none may have ignorance 
as a plea for the neglect of duty. The consideration of this was deferred till 
our next meeting. 

An overture was brought in, that for the better management of the churches 
under our care, this Synod be divided into three Synods, and that a General 
Synod, or Assembly, be constituted out of the whole. The Synod agree to 
enter on the consideration of this overture, on the first Friday after their next 
meeting, and appoint Dr. Smith to transmit a copy of this overture to such of 
the Presbyteries as are not at present represented in Synod, and earnestly 
urge their attendance at our next meeting. 

The Synod considering the education of youth, and their being early in- 
structed in just principles of religion, as one of the most useful means of pro- 
moting the influence of the gospel in our churches, Resolved, that it be en- 
joined on every Presbytery, in appointing supplies to their vacant congrega- 
tions, to take order that every vacant congregation within their limits be care- 
fully catechised at least once in the year, in the same manner as is required 
by the order of our church, in congregations supplied with regular pastors, 
and that the ministers appointed to this duty be required at the next meeting 
of the Presbytery, to render an account of their fidelity in this respect, and 
that the Presbyteries be required to render an account of their attention to this 
order at the next meeting of Synod. 

Resolved, also, that it be enjoined on all our congregations to pay a special 
regard to the good education of children, as being intimately connected with 
the interests of morality and religion; and that, as schools under bad masters, 
and a careless management, are seminaries of vice rather than of virtue, the 
session, corporation, or committee of every congregation, be required to en- 
deavour to establish one or more schools in such place, or places, as shall be 
most convenient for the people; that they be particularly careful to procure 
able and virtuous teachers; that they make the erection and care of schools a 
part of their congregational business, and endeavour to induce the people to 
support them by contribution, being not only the most effectual, but, eventual- 
ly, the cheapest way of supporting them; that the Presbyteries appoint parti- 
cular members, or if possible, committees, to go into vacant congregations to 
promote similar institutions ; that the corporation, session, or committee of 
the congregation, visit the school, or schools, at least once in three months, to 
inquire into the conduct of the master, and the improvement of the children, 
and to observe particularly his care to instruct them, at least one day in the 
week, in the principles of religion; that the Presbyteries, in appointing minis- 
ters to supply vacant congregations, require it as an indispensable part of their 
duty, to visit at the same time the schools, and require at the next meeting of 
the Presbytery, an account of their fidelity in this respect, and of the state of 
the schools ; and that, in these schools effectual provision be made for the edu- 
cation of the children of the poor; and that, at the visitations of the schools, 
one or two of the most ingenious and virtuous of the poor children be annual- 
ly selected, in order to give them a more perfect education, and thereby qua- 
lify these ingenious charity scholars, to become afterwards useful instructers 
in our congregational schools. 

A motion was made in the following terms, viz. " Whereas the nearest 
uniformity that is practicable in the external modes of Divine worship is to be 
desired, and the using different books of psalmody is matter of offence, not 
only to Presbyterians of different denominations, but also to many congrega- 



514 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

tions under our care; it is queried, if the Synod might not choose out, and or- 
der some of their number to take the assistance of all the versions in our 
power, and compose for us a version more suitable to our circumstances and 
taste than any we yet have;" which, having been read, and seconded, after 
some conversation thereon, the question was put, whether to appoint a com- 
mittee, or defer, and was carried by a small majority to appoint. Whereupon 
Dr. Alison, Dr. Davidson, Dr. Ewing, Mr. Blair, and Mr. Jones, were ap- 
pointed a committee for that purpose, who are to make report of their dili- 
gence herein at our next meeting. 

Adjourned till nine o'clock to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 

24£A day, [Tuesday,) nine o'clock, A. M. Post preces sederunt qui 
supra, 

(Except Messrs. Boyd, Schenck, Mitchell, Irwin, Grier, Jones, Monroe, 
Slemmons, and William Jiynn, who have left the Synod without leave.) 

Ordered, To read the minutes of last sederunt. 

New Brunswick Presbytery book was examined as far as to page 227, and 
approved, except a few inaccuracies of expression, and their appointing an 
exegesis in English. 

The second Philadelphia Presbytery book was examined as far as pajre 
164, and approved, except some inaccuracies, and omitting on their records 
their inquiry into the religious character of a young man taken on trials for 
the work of the ministry. 

Donegall Presbytery book was examined as far as page 325, and approved, 
except a few inaccuracies. 

Dr. Sproat requested that he might be allowed to resign his office as stated 
clerk of the Synod, which was granted, and Mr. Duffield was appointed in his 
stead to take charge of the records of Synod, as their stated clerk. 

Adjourned till the third Wednesday of next May, to meet in the first Pres- 
byterian Church in this city, at eleven of the clock, ante meridiem. 

Concluded with prayer. 

Philadelphia, May 17/*, 1786, 11 o'clock, d. M. 

The Synod of New York and Philadelphia met according to adjournment, 
in the first Presbyterian church. Ubi post preces sederunt, 

Present: Of the Presbytery of New York: The Rev. Dr. Johu Rodgers, 
the Rev. Messrs. Alexander Miller, and William Lynn. 

Of the Presbytery of New Brunswick: The Rev. Messrs. John Woodhull, 
Joseph Rue, James Armstrong, and Joseph Clark. 

Of the first Presbytery of Philadelphia: The Rev. Drs. James Sproat and 
George Duffield, Rev. Messrs. Francis Peppard, Samuel Blair. James Boyd, 
James Grier, William Mackey Tennent, George Faitout, Andrew Hunter, 
and William McKee. 

Of the second Presbytery of Philadelphia: The Rev. Drs. John Ewing 
and Patrick Alison, and Rev. Messrs. John Simonton and Robert McMordie. 

Of the Presbytery of New Castle : The Rev. Messrs. Robert Smith. James 
Latta, Nathaniel \Velshard Semple, William Smith, and John Edwards 
Finley. 

Of the Presbytery of Donegall: The Rev. Messrs. John Hogg. James 
Martin, John Lynn, Samuel Waugh, and James Johnston. 

Of the Presbytery of Lewestown: The Rev. Messrs. Matthew Wilson and 
John Miller. 

Of the Presbytery of Hanover: The Rev. Messrs. William Graham, John 
Blair Smith, Moses Hogg, and Samuel Carrick. 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 515 

Of the Presbytery of Abingdon: The Rev. Mr. Samuel Houston. 

With the following elders: Messrs. William Irwin, Kennet Hankerson, 
Isaac Snovvden, Jacob Mulford, John Burling, Robert Taggart, John White- 
hill, James Biggams, and James Mercer. 

Absent: The whole of the Presbyteries of Dutchess and Suffolk. 

Of New York Presbytery : The 'Rev. Drs. Timothy Jones, Hugh Knox, 
and Alexander McWhorter, and Rev. Messrs. Jonathan Elmer, Nathan Kerr, 
Azel Roe, Benjamin Woodruff, Aaron Richards, Jedidiah Chapman, William 
Woodhull, John xMoffatt, John Close, Abner Brush, Jacob Vanarsdalen, An- 
drew King, John Joline, and John McDonald. 

Of New Brunswick Presbytery: The Rev. Drs. John Witherspoon and 
Samuel Stanhope Smith, and Rev. Messrs. John Guild, Samuel Kennedy, 
Israel Read, John Hannah, Thomas Smith, John Warford, Philip Stockton, 
Peter Wilson, and William Boyd. 

Of the first Philadelphia Presbytery: The Rev. Messrs. James Watt, Wil- 
liam Schenck, Nathaniel Irwin, Daniel McCalla, and Israel Evans. 

Of the second Philadelphia Presbytery: The Rev. Mr. John Elder 

Of New Castle Presbytery: The Rev. Messrs. William McKennan, John 
McCreary, James Anderson, Thomas Smith, Thomas Reed, Alexander 
Mitch el, Daniel Jones, George Luckey, and James Monroe. 

Of Donogall Presbytery : The Rev. Dr. Robert Davidson, and Rev. Messrs. 
Samuel Thomson, John McFarquhar, John Slemmons, Amos Thompson, 
James Lang, James Hunt, John King, Robert Cooper, John Craighead, Hugh 
McGill, Hugh Vance, Thomas McFerren, Samuel Dougal, John Black, John 
McKnight, David Beard, Joseph Henderson, Steven Balch, and Matthew 
Stevens. 

Of Lewestown Presbytery: The Rev. Messrs. Jacob Kerr, John Rankin, 
and Samuel McMasters. 

Of Hanover Presbytery: The Rev. Messrs. Richard Zanchy, John Todd, 
John Brown, James Watldel, William Irwin, Archibald Scott, Edward Craw- 
ford, James McConnel, John Montgomery, William Wilson, Benjamin Irwin, 
John McCue, Samuel Shannon, Andrew McChere, and James Mitchel. 

Of the Presbytery of Orange: The Rev. Messrs. Henry Patillo, David 
Caldwell, Samuel McCorkle, Robert Archibald, Thomas Craighead, John 
Casson, James McKee, David Barr, and Jacob Lake. 

Of Redstone Presbytery: The Rev. Messrs. John Clark, James Power, 
James Finley, Joseph Smith, John McMillan, Thaddeus Dodd, and James 
Dunlap. 

Of Abingdon Presbytery: The Rev. Messrs. David Roe, Charles Cum- 
mings, Hezekiah Balch, Samuel Doak, and Adam Rankin. 

And the whole of the South Carolina Presbytery. 

The Synod was opened by the Rev. Mr. Matthew Wilson, the last year's 
moderator, by a sermon on 1st Corinthians i. 17. 

Mr. Alexander Miller was chosen moderator, and Messrs. William Ten- 
nent and William Lynn clerks. 

Ordered, To read the minutes of last Synod. 

Mr. Roe was excused for not attending our last meeting. 

Messrs. Francis Peppard, John Simonton, James Latta, John E. Finley, 
Moses Hoge, Samuel Waugh, William Graham, John B. Smith, and Samuel 
Carrick, gave reasons for their absence from last Synod, which were sus- 
tained. 

Rev. Messrs. William Lynn, Clark, Blair, Simonton, Latta, Hoge, Wil- 
son, Graham, Houston, with Messrs. Isaac Snowden, Robert Taggart, and 
John Whitehill, elders, were appointed a committee of overtures to meet here 
to-morrow morning at six o'clock, and afterwards by adjournment. 



516 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

The Presbytery of New York reported, that they had, since our last meet- 
ing, licensed Mr. Joseph Lindly to preach the gospel, and ordained Mr. James 
Wilson to the work of the gospel ministry as co-pastor with Dr. Rodgers in 
New York, and Mr. McDonald to the work of the ministry in the city of Al- 
bany; That they had received Mr. William Lynn as a member with them on 
a dismission and testimonial from the Presbytery of Lewestown; that they 
had received Mr. James Glassbrook, lately from England, as a member of 
their Presbytery on proper testimonials ; that they had dismissed Mr. Matthias 
Burnet from their body to join the association of the western district of Fair- 
field county, in the state of Connecticut; and that they had received Mr. 
James Wilson, an ordained minister from Scotland, on testimonials produced 
by him from the Presbytery of Irwine; Mr. Glassbrook's and Mr. Wilson's 
testimonials were laid before Synod and approved, and they being present 
took their seats. 

The Presbytery of New Brunswick reported, that they had, since our last, 
licensed Messrs. Ashbel Green, Ira Condict, and Asa Dunham, to preach the 
gospel ; and have received as a member of their body, the Rev. James Mieur, 
of the Island of Burmudas. 

The first Presbytery of Philadelphia reported, that they had, since our last, 
licensed Mr. James Snodgrass and Mr. Nathan Grier, and had received the 
Rev. Mr. John Johnston from the Presbytery of Belfast in Ireland ; and that 
they had received the Rev. Mr. William Pickles, who had been ordained to 
the work of the ministry by a number of dissenting ministers in England. 

Adjourned till nine o'clock to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 

Thursday, 18th clay, at nine o'clock, A. M. the Synod met. Post preces 
sederunt qui supra, 

Ordered, To read the minutes of last sederunt. 

Messrs. McCreary, Keith, James Finley, and James Hait, being now come, 
gave their reasons for not attending sooner, which were sustained. 

The testimonials of the Rev. Mr. John Johnston, and of the Rev. Mr. Wil- 
liam Pickles, were laid before Synod and approved, they being present took 
their seats as members of this body. 

The Presbytery of New Castle reported, that they had, since our last, or- 
dained to the work of the ministry, Mr. John Burton; that Mr. John Carmi- 
chael had been removed by death upon the 15th of November last; that they 
discontinued Mr. Joseph Montgomery in their roll; and had dismissed Mr. 
James Armstrong to join the Presbytery of New Brunswick; that they had 
in consequence of permission obtained last year, ordained Mr. Barr, sine 
titulo, and no longer considered Mr. Andrew Wilson as being: under their 
care. Mr. Burton and Mr. Barr being present, took their seats. 

The Presbytery of Donegall reported, that they had, since our last, admit- 
ted Mr. Hugh Morrison, a licensed candidate, from the Presbytery o( Root, 
in Ireland, to preach in their bounds, but his testimonials are not here to 
lay before Synod; and had installed Mr. Matthew Stephens as pastor of the 
united congregation of Deny and Wayne, on Juniata. 

The Presbytery of Hanover reported, that the Rev. Mr. James McConnel 
is a member of their Presbytery, though omitted in a report made by the Rev. 
Samuel I. Smith, in 17 SO; that they had ordained Messrs. Moses Hoge, 
John McCue, Samuel Houston, Samuel Carrick, Adam Banhin, Andrew Me- 
Clure, James Mitchell, Samuel Shannon, and John D. Blair, to the work of 
the gospel ministry, to particular charges, since May. 17S2; and that they 
have licensed Mr. William Mahan to preach the gospel. Mr. Hoge, Mr. 
Carrick, Mr. Houston, and Mr. Blair, being present, took their seats. 

The Presbytery of Suffolk reported, by a letter, that since they were last 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 517 

represented in Synod, the Rev. Messrs. Ebenezer Prime, of Huntingdon, 
Sylvanus White, of Southampton, and Benjamin Talmage, of Brook Haven, 
had departed this life; that they had ordained Mr. Joshua Williams to the 
charge of the Church of Christ at Southampton, and Mr. Nathan Woodhull 
to the pastoral charge of the Church of Huntingdon. 

Mr. Woodhull and Mr. Armstrong were appointed to examine the first 
Philadelphia Presbytery books, and Mr. John Lynn and Mr. Waugh to ex- 
amine the Lewestown Presbytery book. 

The testimonials of the Rev. Mr. James Thompson, late of the Presbytery 
of Dundee, in Scotland, were laid before Synod, and approved, whereupon 
he was admitted to join himself to any Presbytery belonging to this body as 
he may see meet, and, being invited, sat as a correspondent. 

Ordered, To proceed in reading the minutes of the sessions of last Synod, 
and after some time spent therein, adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. 

Concluded with prayer. 

IS/A day, three o'clock, P. M. Post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, To read the minutes of last sederunt. 

Ordered, To proceed in reading the minutes of last Synod. 

The Synod finding that Mr. Treat had not joined the Presbytery of New 
Brunswick agreeably to the design of his dismission from the Presbytery of 
New York, ordered, that the Presbytery of New Brunswick call upon Mr. 
Treat to give the reasons of his conduct, and take order accordingly. 

The committee ordered at our last to revise the records of Synod, &c. re- 
ported, that they had not performed that business, the Synod therefore agreed 
that the order be renewed, except that instead of pointing out inaccuracies and 
improprieties, which was enjoined in the former order, an index be made of 
all the principal transactions contained in the records. 

Adjourned till to-morrow morning at nine o'clock. Concluded with prayer. 

Friday, 19th day, nine o'clock, Ji. M. Post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, To read the minutes of the last sederunt. 

Mr. Thomas Read, Dr. Smith, Mr. McKennan, Mr. Nathan Kerr, Mr. 
Warford, Dr. Witherspoon, and Mr. William Boyd, being now come, gave 
reasons for not attending sooner, which were satisfactory. 

Mr. John Pinkerton, Dr. Duffield's elder, is now come. 

Agreeably to the order of the day as stated in the minutes of the last year, 
the Synod proceeded to consider whether •• this Synod shall be divided into 
three Synods, and that a General Synod, or Assembly, be constituted out of 
the whole." 

On motion, Resolved, That instead of the words u into three Synods," the 
words ** into three or more Synods," be adopted. 

Mr. Anderson being now come, gave reasons for not attending sooner, 
which were sustained. 

The following motion was made and seconded, viz. the Synod considering 
the number and extent of the churches under their care, and the inconvenience 
of the present mode of government by one Synod, resolved, that this Synod 
will establish, out of its own body, three or more subordinate Synods, out of 
which shall be composed a General Assembly, Synod, or Council, agreeably 
to a system hereafter to be adopted. 

Upon the question being put, Will the Synod adopt the resolution afore- 
said, or not; it was carried in the affirmative. 

Mr. Pickles obtained leave of absence. 

The following gentlemen were appointed to prepare and report a plan for 
the division of Synod into three or more Synods, viz. Dr. Rodgers, Dr. Smith, 
44 



518 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

Dr. Duffield, Dr. Alison, Mr. Latta, Mr. Martin, Mr. Matthew Wilson, Mr. 
Graham, Mr. Houston, Mr. James Finley, and Mr. Hall. 

Adjourned till three o'clock in the afternoon. Concluded with prayer. 

\9th day, three o'clock, P. M. Post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, To read the minutes of last sederunt. 

The committee appointed by the Synod last year, to meet with the com- 
mittees of the Low Dutch Reformed Synod of New York, and New Jersey, 
and of the Associate Reformed Synod, made report of their proceedings, 
which is as follows, viz. 

" Proceedings of the committees appointed by the Synod of the Low Dutch 
Reformed Church of New York and New Jersey, of the Presbyterian Synod 
of New York and Philadelphia, and of the Associate Reformed Synod, met at 
New York the 5th day of October, 1785. 

11 The meeting was opened with prayer by the Rev. David Telfair. 

"The members present: Of the committee appointed by the Dutch Re- 
formed Synod: Dr. John H. Livingston, the Rev. Messrs. J. K. Harden- 

bergh, Romeyn, Solomon Freligh, and Dr. Westerlo. Elders: Messrs. 

Philip Nagle, Henry Kennedy, and William Schermorhorn. 

44 Of the committee appointed by the Synod of New York and Philadel- 
phia: Drs. John Rodgers, Alexander McWhorter, Samuel Smith, the Rev. 
Messrs. Nathan Kerr, and John Woodhull. 

44 Of the committee of the Associate Reformed Synod: the Rev. Messrs. 
John Smith, David Telfair, John Mason, and Robert Annan. 

44 The Rev. David Telfair was chosen moderator, and Dr. Samuel Smith, 
and Mr. Solomon Freligh, were chosen clerks. 

" A motion was made by Dr. Rodgers, and seconded by Mr. Hardenbergh, 
that the respective committees produce their commissions, which being pro- 
duced and approved, were ordered to lie on the table. 

11 The respective committees communicated to each other in writing, or 
verbally, an explicit detail of the standards, both in regard of the doctrine and 
discipline observed in the respective churches they represent. 

44 On motion, a committee of two from each committee, was appointed to 
meet this evening, to converse on, and digest the several subjects to be laid 
before the Convention. The gentlemen appointed were Messrs. John K. 
Hardenbergh, Dr. Westerlo, Dr. McWhorter, Dr. Samuel Smith, Robert 
Annan, and John Smith. 

" The Convention adjourned till to-morrow at five o'clock, P. If. 

" Thursday. Jive o'clock, P. M. 

44 The Convention met, according to adjournment, and was opened with 
prayer. 

44 The Rev. Dr. Witherspoon appeared and took his seat. 

44 The committee of six made report of what had been digested and deter- 
mined by them, in conformity with the spirit and intention o{ their commis- 
sion, being as follows, viz. 

44 The inquiries proposed by the committee of the Dutch Church were read. 

44 The first contained a request to know what the formulas of doctrine and 
worship are, to which each of the Synods respectively adhere, and the mode 
in which they testify that adherence, and prevent or punish any departure 
from them. The answer, on the part of the Reformed Dutch Synod, was 
contained in the representation given in by their committee in writing to the 
convention. 

44 On the part of the Synod of New York and Philadelphia it is contained in 
the representation given in by their committee, articles first and fifth, viz : 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 51 9 

"Article 1st: The Synod of New York and Philadelphia adopt, according 
to the known and established meaning of the terms, the Westminster Confes- 
sion of Faith as the confession of their faith, save that every candidate for the 
gospel ministry is permitted to except against so much of the twenty-third 
chapter as gives authority to the civil magistrate in matters of religion. The 
Presbyterian Church in America considers the Church of Christ as a spiritual 
society, entirely distinct from the civil government, having a right to regulate 
their own ecclesiastical policy, independently of the interposition of the ma- 
gistrate. 

" The Synod also receives the directory for public worship and the form of 
church government recommended by the' Westminster Assembly as in sub- 
stance agreeable to the institutions of the New Testament. This mode of 
adoption we use, because we believe the general platform of our government 
to be agreeable to the sacred Scriptures ; but we do not believe that God has 
been pleased so to reveal and enjoin every minute circumstance of ecclesiastic 
government and discipline as not to leave room for orthodox churches of 
Christ, in these minutiae, to differ with charity from one another. 

44 Article 5th: The rules of our discipline and the form of process in our 
church judicature, are contained in Pardovan's (alias Stewart's) collections in 
conjunction with the acts of our own Synod, the power of which, in matters 
purely ecclesiastical, we consider as equal to the power of any Synod or Gen- 
eral Assembly in the world. Our church judicatures, like those in the church 
of Scotland, from which we derive our origin, are Church Sessions, Presby- 
teries and Synods, to which it is now in contemplation to add a National and 
General Assembly. 

44 On the part of the Associate Reformed Synod, the answer was given in a 
verbal representation, by the Rev. Mr. Mason, and is, in substance, very an- 
alogous to that made by the Synod of New York and Philadelphia. 

44 Resolved, That the formulas and standards adopted by the respective rep- 
resentations, are mutually satisfactory, and lay a sufficient basis for the frater- 
nal correspondence and concord of the several Synods. 

44 To the second inquiry, whether the corresponding Synods, in order to lay 
the foundation of entire confidence in each other, were willing to give solemn 
and mutual assurances of their vigilance and fidelity in requiring of their eccle- 
siastical officers an explicit and unequivocal assent to their present formulas 
or standards of discipline and faith ; and will take such measures as to them 
respectively shall seem most reasonable and effectual to secure the same fidelity 
and orthodoxy in all time to come; the answer was unanimously given in 
the affirmative. 

44 Resolved, That the nature of these assurances be left to be determined by 
the convention. 

44 The third inquiry was, whether the Synods will agree mutually to watch 
over each other's purity in doctrine and discipline, and whether they will agree 
mutually to receive complaints that may be made by either of the others 
against particular members of their respective bodies, who may be supposed 
to be departing from the faith, or from the exactness of their church discipline. 
Agreed in the affirmative, but that the mode shall be referred to the general 
convention. 

41 The fourth inquiry was, whether the Synods would mutually promise to 
introduce and maintain in their church the most exact discipline, according to 
their several standards, that the circumstances of the country and the spirit of 
the people will bear. 

44 Resolved, That this is an article of the utmost importance; and resolved, 
moreover, that it be recommended to the convention to consider of, and adopt, 
proper means for aiding the exercise of discipline by discouraging fugitives 



520 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

from it out of any of the churches ; and especially by not receiving any per- 
sons to church membership without sufficient credentials of their good moral 
character and orderly behaviour from the church to which they now immedi- 
ately belong, or have lately belonged. 

" The fifth inquiry relates to grievances or causes of complaint that may have 
arisen between the ministers or congregations of the respective Synods. 

" Resolved, That they ought to be candidly heard, and the most speedy and 
effectual measures taken as far as possible to redress them. 

" The sixth and last inquiry or proposition respects some mode of establish- 
ing a visible intercourse and permanent correspondence between the several 
Synods. 

" Resolved, That this subject be referred to the consideration of the conven- 
tion: but that it be recommended to the convention to endeavour to establish 
an annual convention of the three Synods, by their delegates, which may con- 
sist of at least three ministers and three elders from each, and that the general 
objects of this annual convention be, to strengthen each other's hands in the 
great work of the gospel ministry ; to give, and to receive, mutual information 
of the state of religion within their respective churches; to consider of, and 
adopt, the most prudent means to prevent or remedy any causes of dissension 
that may happen to arise between our respective congregations, agreeably to 
the instructions that may be given by the respective Synods; and to concert 
measures for uniting our efforts to defend and promote the principles of the 
gospel, and oppose the progress of infidelity and error; and to adopt plans for 
effectually assisting the exercise of discipline in our churches, and encouraging 
each other in its execution ; and for such other purposes as the convention may 
think proper. 

»' Resolved, To recommend that the first meeting of the above convention 
shall be held on the second Tuesday of October, 1786, at New York, and 
afterwards at such time and place as shall be appointed at the preceding con- 
vention. 

" Which report being read and ordered to a second reading, was thereupon 
ordered to be read by paragraphs. Whereupon resolved, that the report of 
the committee be approved and adopted. 

" W r ith relation, however, to those matters referred by said committee to this 
convention, as being by them left undetermined, 

" Resolved 1st. On the second inquiry, that the manner in which the Synods 
shall give a solemn pledge to each other of the formula of their faith which 
they have here openly professed, and of their strict attachment to the same, 
shall be by an act of each Synod, wherein an accurate recital of such formula 
shall be made, with a positive declaration, that it is their sincere determination 
before God always to abide by the same, for which purpose they honestly 
pledge themselves to the two other Synods; which declaration and promise 
shall be signed by the president or moderator of the Synod, and at the first 
convention to be formed by delegates from the respective Synods, be read and 
entered upon the records of the convention, and copies of all the declarations 
be transmitted to each Synod, and entered upon their respective records; which 
records shall remain a perpetual witness against either party who shall ever 
deviate therefrom. And also, that each Synod shall communicate by their 
respective delegates the form of testimonials or credentials given to their can- 
didates, and of those to ordained ministers, which copies shall also be entered 
on the records of the respective Synods. 

11 '2d. On the third inquiry, that we will mutually watch over each 
other's purity in doctrine and discipline, and be ready to receive complaints 
against any of our ministers upon these subjects, and that the mode in which 
such complaint shall be preferred and prosecuted, shall be either by individu- 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 521 

als, who may prosecute in their own name, cum periculo ; or by a classis, 
Presbytery, or Synod of a sister church, in which case it shall he taken up as 
a famu clamosa, and prosecuted by the classis, Presbytery, or Synod, to 
which the offender or offenders may belong ; and the whole proceedings on 
the subject shall be transmitted, properly authenticated by the moderator, the 
praeses, the scribe, or the clerk, to the informing body, for their satisfaction. 

" 3d. On the fourth inquiry, resolved, that in order to aid the exercise of 
discipline, and discourage fugitives from it, every Classis, Presbytery, or Sy- 
nod, shall officially communicate to its neighbouring Presbytery, Classis, or 
Synod, the name or names of every minister or candidate subject to censure, 
either of a lesser or higher nature, after which such Presbytery, Classis, or 
Synod, shall be held to view, and treat such ministers or candidates as lying 
under ecclesiastical censure, to all intents and purposes as if they belonged to 
their own body, until such person or persons shall be regularly acquitted or 
restored by the judicatory who had inflicted such censure. 

"4th. With reference to the fifth, relating to such grievances as may here- 
after arise in congregations under the jurisdiction of the different correspond- 
ing Synods, it is determined that such differences shall be referred to the con- 
sideration of a future convention. But as it is possible that some contingen- 
cies may arise, which will render a call of the convention before the stated 
time of meeting necessary, so it is resolved, that a power be lodged in the 
moderator of the convention, with the consent of one member of the conven- 
tion at least from each Synod, by circular letters to call an extraordinary con- 
vention, provided such a call be not more than once in one year. 

" 5th. The convention thought proper to amend the resolution of their com- 
mittee, by agreeing to a biennial instead of an annual convention. 

11 On motion to ascertain and limit the powers of the convention in all times 
to come, resolved, that those powers shall be merely of counsel and advice, 
and that it shall on no account possess judiciary or executive authority, and 
every subject that shall come regularly before the convention, shall, after being 
properly digested, be referred to the respective Synods, together with the 
opinion of the convention, and the reasons on which it is founded, for their 
judiciary and ultimate decision. 

4k Agreed, that the convention shall, when met, set apart a certain portion of 
their time for social and fervent prayer to Almighty God, for his blessing on 
their counsels and the churches they represent; and that said convention, 
whenever circumstances appear to them to require public and general humil- 
iation or thanksgiving, shall recommend to the corresponding Synods to set 
apart the same day to be observed throughout all their churches. 

" Resolved, That Dr. Rodgers, Dr. Livingston, and Mr. Mason, be a com- 
mittee to draw out three fair copies of the above minutes, in order that each 
of the corresponding Synods may be furnished with one. 

M Concluded with prayer." 

The consideration of the above report was deferred till to-morrow morning. 

The Svnod took into consideration the motion made last year, respecting 
the time to be employed in the study of divinity by such as design to offer 
themselves for the work of the ministry, previous to their being taken on tri- 
als ; and considering the present circumstances of our churches, determined 
it in the negative. 

Adjourned till nine o'clock tc-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 

20th day, nine o'clock, Ji. M. Synod met. Post preces sederunt qui 

supra. 
Ordered, To read the minutes of last sederunt. 
The consideration of the report of the committee to meet with the commit- 

44* 



522 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

tees of the Low Dutch Reformed Synod of New York and New Jersey, and 
of the Associate Reformed Synod, resumed. It appears by the report of said 
committee, that they have conversed fully and freely with the brethren of the 
above Synods on the subject of an union with them, and the Synod approves 
their diligence and fidelity in this matter, and agree to appoint a committee to 
meet such delegates as may be appointed by the above Synods on this busi- 
ness, in the city of New York on the second Tuesday of October next. 

Dr. Witherspoon, .Mr. Matthew "Wilson, and Mr. YYoodhull, were ap- 
pointed a committee to draw up instructions to regulate the conduct of the 
delegation which maybe appointed to meet the committees of the Low Dutch 
Reformed Synod of New York and New Jersey, and of the Associate Reformed 
Synod. 

The committee appointed to consider of a plan for the division of the Synod, 
reported, that they had met and made some progress in the business, but that 
they were not yet prepared to lay their plan before Synod, and therefore re- 
quested, that they might have leave to meet again, which was granted. 

On motion ordered, that Mr. John Smith be added to the committee ap- 
pointed to consider of a plan for the division of the Synod. 

On motion ordered, that Dr. Witherspoon, Mr. William Linn, and Mr. 
James Wilson, be a committee to select such parts of the proceedings of the 
present sessions of the Synod as they may judge will be of general advantage 
to the church, and report them to the Synod for their concurrence, that they 
may be printed. 

The committee appointed to prepare a selection from the different versions 
of the psalms to be used in our churches, which might give mure general sat- 
isfaction than any one version now used, report that they had paid attention 
to the affair but had not yet completed it. 

Ordered, That the same committee be continued to carry into effect the 
business assigned them, and make report next Synod. 

Adjourned till Monday next, (22d,) nine o'clock in the morning. 

Concluded with prayer. 

Monday, 22d day, at nine o'clock, A. M. the Synod met. Post preces 
sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, To read the minutes of last sederunt. 

Mr. McDonald being now come gave reasons for not attending sooner, 
which were satisfactory. 

The testimonials of Mr. Walter Monteith, a licensed candidate from the 
Presbytery of Dunbarton in Scotland, were laid before Synod by the Presby- 
tery of New York and approved. 

The committee appointed to prepare and report a draught of a plan for the 
division of the Synod into three or more Synods, brought in their report, which 
is as follows, viz : 

" Your committee beg leave to report, that they conceive it proper, previ- 
ously to the division of the Synod, to divide some of the Presbyteries which 
are now too extensive in their limits, and to new-model some others, so as to 
render them more convenient than they are at present; and, therefore, recom- 
mend to Synod to institute the following arrangement, viz: 

" 1st. That Abingdon Presbytery be divided into two Presbyteries, the one 
to be bounded by New River on the north and east, by the Apalaehian Moun- 
tains on the south, and by Cumberland Mountain on the west, consisting of 
the Rev. Charles Cummings, Ilezekiah Baich, John Oassort, Samuel Deck, 
and Samuel Houston, to be known by the name of the Presbytery oi Abing- 
don, and to hold their first meeting agreeably to adjournment of the late Pres- 
bytery of Abingdon. The other to comprehend the district of Kentucky and 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 523 

the settlements on Cumberland River, consisting of the Rev. David Rice, 
Thomas Craighead, Adam Rankin, Andrew McClure, and James Crawford, 
to be known by the name of the Presbytery of Transylvania, and to meet for 
the first time at Danville, in the district of Kentucky, on the third Tuesday of 
next October, the Rev. David Rice to preside, or in case of his absence, the 
senior minister present. 

" 2d. That the Presbytery of Hanover be divided into two Presbyteries, the 
one to be bounded by the Apalachian Mountains on the north west, by the 
Presbytery of Orange on the south, by the Presbytery of Donegall on the 
north and east, and by the Chesapeake and Atlantic on the south-east, con- 
sisting of the Rev. Richard Zanchy, John Todd, James Waddel, William 
Irwin, John Blair Smith, James Mitchel, John D. Blair, and Daniel McCalla, 
to be known by the name of Hanover Presbytery, and to hold their first meet- 
ing at Hampden Sidney, in Prince Edwards county, on the third Tuesday of 
September next, the Rev. Richard Zanchy to preside, or in his absence the 
senior minister present. The other to be bounded by the Presbytery of Red- 
stone and Carlisle on the North, by the south-eastern ridge of the Apalachian 
Mountains on the east and south, and by New River on the west, consisting of 
the Rev. John Brown, William Graham, Archibald Scott, James McConnel, 
Edward Crawford, Benjamin Irwin, John Montgomery, William Wilson, 
Moses Iloge, John McCue, Samuel Carrick, and Samuel Shannon, to be 
known by the name of the Presbytery of Lexington, and to meet for the first 
time at Timber Ridge, in Rock Bridge county, on the last Tuesday of Sep- 
tember next, the Rev. John Brown to preside, or in his absence the senior 
minister present. 

" 3d. That the Presbytery of Donegall be divided into two Presbyteries, 
one of which to consist of the Rev. John Slemmons, James Hunt, Stephen 
Balch, and Isaac Keith, with the Rev. Dr. Patrick Alison from the late second 
Presbytery of Philadelphia, and the Rev. George Luckey from the Presby- 
tery of New Castle, to be known by the name of the Presbytery of Baltimore, 
and to meet for the first time in Baltimore town on the last Tuesday of Octo- 
ber next, the Rev. Dr. Alison to preside, or in his absence the senior minister 
present. The other to consist of the Rev. Samuel Thompson, John Hoge, 
Hugh McCill, Robert Cooper, James Martin, James Lang, John Craighead, 
John King, Hugh Vance, Thomas McFerrin, John McKnight, Dr. Robert 
Davidson, John^ Black, Samuel Dougall, John Lynn, Wavid Beard, Samuel 
Waugh, Joseph Henderson, Matthew Stevens, and James Johnston, with the 
Rev. John Elder and Robert McMordie, from the late second Presbytery of 
Philadelphia, to be known by the name of the Presbytery of Carlisle, and to 
hold their first meeting agreeably to the adjournment of the late Presbytery of 
Donegall. 

" 4th. That the Rev. Colin McFarquhar, late of the Presbytery of Done- 
gall, be annexed to the Presbytery of New Castle. 

» 5th. That the distinction of first Presbytery and second Presbytery of 
Philadelphia, shall henceforth cease, and that the members of these two Pres- 
byteries, except those that are annexed to the Presbyteries of Baltimore and 
Carlisle, be united into one Presbytery to be known by the name of the Pres- 
bytery of Philadelphia, to hold their first meeting on the third Tuesday of 
October next in the city of Philadelphia, and the Rev. Dr. Sproat to preside, 
or in his absence the senior minister present. 

" Your committee beg leave further to report, that they conceive it will be 
most conducive to the interests of religion that this Synod be divided into four 
Synods, and therefore submit to the Synod the following plan for dividing the 
Synod of New York and Philadelphia into four distinct Synods, subordinate 
to a General Assembly to be constituted out of the whole. 



524 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

** 1st. That one of the said Synods shall consist of the Presbyteries of 
Dutchess county, Suffolk, New York, and New Brunswick, to be known by 
the name of the Synod of New York and New Jersey. 

" 2d. That another Synod shall consist of the Presbyteries of Philadelphia, 
Lewestown, New Castle, Baltimore, and Carlisle, to be known by the name 
of the Synod of Philadelphia. 

" 3d. That another Synod shall consist of the Presbyteries of Redstone, 
Hanover, Lexington, and Transylvania, to be known by the name of the 
Synod of Virginia. 

" 4th. That another Synod shall consist of the Presbyteries of Abingdon, 
Orange, and South Carolina, to be known by the name of the Synod of the 
Carolinas. 

" 5th. That out of the body of these Synods a General Assembly shall be 
constituted in the following manner, viz: That every Presbytery shall, at their 
last stated meeting preceding the meeting of the General Assembly, depute to 
the General Assembly commissioners in the following proportion; each Pres- 
bytery consisting of not more than six ministers shall send one minister and 
one elder; each Presbytery consisting of more than six ministers and not more 
than twelve, shall send two ministers and two elders, and so in the same 
proportion for every six ministers. And these commissioners or any fourteen 
of them, whereof seven to be ministers, being met on the day and at the place 
appointed, shall be competent to enter upon business. And the judicatory 
thus constituted, shall bear the style and title of the General Assembly of the 
Presbyterian Church in the United States of America." 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

At three o'clock, P. M. the Synod met. Post prcces sederunt qui supra. 
Ordered, To read the minutes of last sederunt. 

The committee appointed at our last meeting to compile a system of disci- 
pline and church government, brought in their report, part of which was read. 
Adjourned till to-morrow morning at nine o'clock. 
Concluded with prayer. 

23d day, nine o'clock, A. M. Synod met. Post preces sederunt qui 
supra, 

(Except Dr. Rodo^rs and Mr. John Miller, who had leave to go home.) 

Ordered, To read the minutes of last sederunt. 

The committee appointed to draw up instructions to regulate the conduct of 
the delegates, to meet with the delegates of the Low Dutch Reformed Synod 
of New York and New Jersey, and of the Associate Reformed Synod in con- 
vention in the city of New Y r ork in October next, laid them before Synod, 
which with some amendments were approved and are as follows, viz: 

11 The delegates on the part of this Synod are to inform the convention that 
this body is about to divide kself into four Synods, subordinate to a General 
Assembly. That they have now under consideration a plan o( church go- 
vernment and discipline, which it is hoped will, when completed, be sufficient 
to answer every query of the convention upon that head: and that the mutual 
assurances mentioned in the minutes of the last convention, may. as far as 
they respect this Synod, be made with much more propriety after the intended 
system is finished than at present. 

** They are to assure the convention of the readiness and desire of this body 
in the mean time to unite, in a consistent manner, their influence with thai of 
the other Synods, in order to promote the spiritual interest ami best good ol 
the whole. And the delegates from this Synod are to enter into a friendly 
conference with those of the other Synods, and in conjunction with them to 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 



525 



concert such measures as shall appear best calculated to diffuse harmony and 
brotherly love through the several churches and promote the interest of the 
Redeemer's kingdom, and to make report of the whole to this Synod at their 
meeting in May next. On motion resolved, that the Rev. Drs. John Wither- 
spoon, John Rodgers, Alexander McWhorter, Messrs. Israel Read, John 
Woodhull, Nathan Kerr, with the moderator, be appointed, and they are 
hereby appointed delegates on behalf of this Synod for the purposes above 
mentioned. 

" On motion resolved, that the book of discipline and government be recom- 
mended to a committee to meet in the city of Philadelphia on the second 
Tuesday of September next, who shall have powers to digest such a system 
as they shall think to be accommodated to the state of the Presbyterian Church 
in America, that they shall procure three hundred copies to be printed and 
distributed to the several Presbyteries in proportion to the number of their 
members under the engagement of this Synod, to have the expense of printing 
and distribution reimbursed to the committee at their next meeting; and every 
Presbytery is hereby required to report, in writing, to the Synod at their next 
meeting, their observations on the said book of government and discipline." 

The committee appointed to attend to the above business, were Drs. 
Wiherspoon, McWhorter, Rodgers, Sproat, Duffield, Alison, and Ewing; 
Mr. Matthew Wilson, and Dr. Smith, with Isaac Snowden, Esquire, Mr. 
Robert Taggart, and Mr. John Pinkerton, elders. 

The Synod being informed that several disorders and disagreeable circum- 
stances have taken place in some of the churches in the western parts, espe- 
cially within the bounds of the Presbytery of Abingdon, to the great prejudice 
of the interest of religion in those parts, did appoint Mr. McCorkle, Mr. Scott, 
Mr. Moses Hoge, Mr. Francis Cummings, Mr. John Smith, and Mr. Vance, 
or a majority of them, with an elder to accompany each, as a committee, in 
the name of the Synod, to meet at Salem Church, on the waters of Nola 
Chucky, on the second Wednesday of October next, with power to them to 
call before them such persons concerned in these disturbances, as are mem- 
bers of, or under the authority of this Synod, to hear and consider what shall 
be represented to them, and take proof of disputed allegations, if necessary; 
to endeavour, with prudence and meekness, to accommodate differences; 
where this cannot be wholly effected, and matters appear to them to be ripe 
for decision, and they be unanimous, to give judgment; if not unanimous, that 
they cite all whom they think necessary, to appear before the Synod, or Ge- 
neral Assembly, at the next meeting, to have the matter fully judged, only 
taking care in any case where proof is necessary, that it be taken upon the 
spot, that there may be no unnecessary delay of a final and effectual settle- 
ment. They are also empowered, if there appear to them any urgent, or very 
doubtful censures inflicted by any of the parlies upon others, to suspend the 
execution till the meeting of the Synod, or General Assembly. 

The members of the Presbytery of Abingdon are required by Synod to 
read the above appointment publicly in their congregations, at least four weeks 
before the meeting of the committee, and this reading shall be considered as 
a citation to all parties concerned, to appear; and if any fail to appear, the 
committee, however, shall proceed to take evidence as they shall see cause; 
and no evidence pretended to be produced afterwards, shall be admitted to in- 
validate the measures of the committee, or to prevent the decision of Synod. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

Three o'clock, P. M. Synod met. Post preces sederunt qui supra. 
Ordered, To read the minutes of the last sederunt. 
The minutes of the Presbytery of Lewestown were reviewed by the com- 



526 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

mittee appointed for that purpose to page 122, who reported a number of 
omissions and inaccuracies upon their records, which appear to Synod to have 
been occasioned by the tumultuous state of the country during the revolution, 
and the hasty manner in which they were obliged to transact business. 
Whereupon, the Synod gave orders, that that Presbytery in future have their 
minutes carefully revised before they are recorded. 

The minutes of the first Presbytery of Philadelphia were reviewed by the 
committee appointed for that purpose, unto page 13, and were approved. 

In consequence of an overture which was brought in, the Synod earnestly 
recommend to all the vacant congregations under their care, to meet together 
every Lord's day, at one or more places, for the purposes of prayer and 
praises, and reading the Holy Scriptures, together with the works of such ap- 
proved divines as they may be able to procure, and that the elders be the per- 
sons who shall pray, and select the portions of Scripture and other books, to 
be read by any proper person whom they may appoint. 

The Synod considering the education of youth, and their being early in- 
structed in the principles of religion, as the most useful means of promoting 
the influence of the gospel in our churches, resolved, that it be enjoined on 
every Presbytery, in appointing supplies to their vacant congregations, to take 
order that every vacant congregation within their limits, be carefully cate- 
chised at least once in a year, in the same manner as is required by the order 
of our church in congregations supplied with regular pastors, and that the 
ministers appointed to this duty be required, at the next meeting of the Pres- 
bytery, to render an account of their fidelity in this respect, and that the Pres- 
byteries be required to render an account of their attention to this order at the 
next meeting of Synod. 

On motion made and seconded, Ordered, That every Presbytery take effec- 
tual measures to raise from each congregation under their care, whether sup- 
plied with a pastor or vacant, a collection, previous to the next meeting of 
Synod, for defraying the expenses of printing the public acts of Synod, and 
for printing and distributing the book of government and discipline, and for 
such other purposes as to the Synod shall seem proper, and that each Presby- 
tery send said collections with some one of their members who shall attend 
Synod next year, and the Synod agree to render to the people an account of 
the disbursements. 

In consequence of a request from the Presbytery of New York for some 
ministers, or probationers, to be sent to preach the gospel in their vacancies 
above Albany, the Synod appointed Mr. Burton to supply in those parts as 
much as he conveniently can through the ensuing summer, and recommend- 
ed to Mr. Thompson to pay a visit to those vacancies for the same purpose, 
at such time as he may find most convenient. 

The Synod proceeded to consider the report of the committee on a plan for 
dividing the Synod into three or more Synods, and adopted it so far as res- 
pects the arranging of Presbyteries; and the Synod do hereby establish the 
arrangement therein contained. The consideration o( the remaining part of 
the report was deferred till our next stated meeting, at which time the seve- 
ral Presbyteries are desired to attend prepared to determine respecting it. 

Adjourned till nine o'clock to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 

Wednesday, 24//i day, nine o'clock, A. M. Post prcccs sederunt qtri 

supra, 
(Except Messrs. Semple, John Hoge, Latta, Martin, and Barr, who had 
leave to go home.) 

Ordered, To read the minutes of last sederunt. 

On motion, Ordered, That each Presbytery lay before Synod next J 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 527 

an accurate list which may be printed, of the names of their settled ministers, 
according to their seniority in the work of the ministry, with the places of 
their residence; and also of the probationers, and vacant congregations under 
their care. 

And in order to prevent irregularity, uncertainty, and waste of time, order- 
ed, that each Presbytery, at the meeting immediately preceding the meeting 
of Synod, draw up their report in writing, and appoint a member to deliver it. 

The Synod viewing, with serious concern, the decay of vital religion, and 
the prevalence of immorality, do hereby appoint the third Thursday of August 
next, to be observed as a day of solemn fasting, humiliation, and prayer, by 
all the churches under their care. 

The following case of conscience from Donegall Presbytery, wasovertured, 
viz. whether Christian masters, or mistresses, ought, in duty, to have such 
children baptized as are under their care, though born of parents not in the 
communion of any Christian church? Upon this overture Synod are of opi- 
nion, that Christian masters and mistresses, whose religious professions and 
conduct are such as to give them a right to the ordinance of baptism for their 
own children, may and ought to dedicate the children of their household to 
God, in that ordinance, when they have no scruple of conscience to the con- 
trary. 

It was overtured, whether Christian slaves, having children at the entire 
direction of unchristian masters, and not having it in their power to instruct 
them in religion, are bound to have them baptized; and whether a gospel 
minister in this predicament ought to baptize them? and Synod determined 
the question in the affirmative. 

It was moved and agreed, that each member present pay into the hand of 
Isaac Snowden, Esquire, his equal share to defray the expense of the present 
meeting of Synod, and that Mr. Snowden pay to the stated clerk of Synod, 
out of "lie money so deposited, the sum of three pounds, for his trouble in 
transcribing the minutes of this year; and to the janitor, three pounds five 
shillings, for his attendance on the present sessions; and that he also pay the 
primer for printing the acts and proceedings of the Synod, if he shall have 
sufficient in his hand for that purpose; and if the money in his hand shall not 
be sufficient, the Synod engage to make up the remainder at their next 
meeting. 

Messrs. Francis Peppard, John Simonton, James Finley, James Boyd, 
James Anderson, James Grier, Thomas Read, and John Finley, having with- 
drawn from Synod without leave, resolved, that they be recorded as inatten- 
tive to their duty in that instance. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

Three o'clock, P. M. Synod met. Post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, To read the minutes of last sederunt. 

As matters of the greatest importance are expected to come before the Sy- 
nod at their next meeting, it is earnestly requested that all the members of 
Synod would be punctual in their attendance. 

Adjourned till the third Wednesday of next May, to meet in the second 
Presbyterian Church, in Philadelphia, at eleven o'clock, A. M. 

Concluded with prayer. 

May 16th, 1787, 11 o'clock, A. M. 

The Synod of New York and Philadelphia met according to adjournment, 
in the Second Presbyterian Church in the city of Philadelphia. Ubi post 
preces sederunt, 

Of Dutchess County Presbytery: the Rev. Mr. John Davenport. 



528 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

Of New York Presbytery: the Rev. Drs. John Rodgers and Alexander 
McWhorter, and Rev. Messrs. Jedidiah Chapman, Alexander Miller, James 
"Wilson, and John McDonald. 

Of New Brunswick Presbytery: the Rev. Messrs. John Woodhull, James 
F. Armstrong, Joseph Clark, and William Boyd. 

Of Philadelphia Presbytery: the Rev. Drs. James Sproat, George Duffield, 
and John Ewing, and Rev. Messrs. Samuel Blair, James Boyd, William Mac- 
key Tennent, Nathaniel Irwin, Andrew Hunter, George Faitout, and John 
Johnston. 

Of New Castle Presbytery: the Rev. Dr. Robert Smith, and Rev. Messrs. 
Colin McFarquhar, John McCreary, Alexander Mitchell, James Anderson. 
William Smith, James Munro, and John Burton. 

Of Lewes Presbytery: the Rev. Mr. Samuel McMasters. 

Of Carlisle Presbytery: the Rev. Messrs. John Craighead, John King, 
Hugh Vance, John Black, John McKnight, John Lynn, and Samuel Waugh. 

Of Baltimore Presbytery: the Rev. ^lr. Isaac Keith. 

Of Redstone Presbytery: the Rev. Messrs. James Finley, John McMillin, 
James Power, and Samuel Barr. 

Of Lexington Presbytery: the Rev. Messrs. John Montgomery, Moses 
Hoge, and Samuel Carrick. 

Of Hanover Presbytery: the Rev. Mr. John Blair Smith. 

Of South Carolina Presbytery : the Rer. Iff smb. John Simpson, James Tem- 
pleton, and Francis Cummii . 

Of Abington Presbytery: the Rev. Messrs. Hezekiah Balch, John Cosson, 
Samuel Doak, and Samuel Houston. 

Elders: Mr. Abraham Vangelder, Col. John Bayard, Mr. John Pinkerton, 
Mr. Robert Taggart, Mr. Benjamin Snodgrass, Mr. William Boyd, and Dr. 
Thomas Henderson. 

Absent: Of Dutchess County Presbytery; the Rev. Messrs. Solomon Mead, 
Wheeler Case, Ichabod Lewis. Samuel Mills, Blackleach Burrit. 

Of New York Presbytery : the Rev. Messrs. Timothy Jones. D. D.. Aaron 
Richards, Jonathan Elmer. John Moffat, Hugh Knox, D. D., Abner Brush, 
Benjamin Woodruff, Azel Roc. Nathan Kerr, James I o, John Close, 

William Woodhull, Jacob Yanarsdalen, William Schenck, John Joline, An- 
drew King, James Wilson, sen., James Gla-sbrook. 

Of New Brunswick Presbytery: the Rev. Messrs. John Guild. John 
Witherspoon, D. D., Israel Read, Samuel Kennedy. John Hanna, Thomas 
Smith, Samuel Stanhope Smith, D. D., John Warlord, Philip Stockton, Jo- 
seph Rue, Peter Wilson, W alter Monteith, James Muir. 

Of Philadelphia Presbytery: the Rev. Messrs. John Simonton, Francis 
Peppard, James Watt, William Pukels, James Grier, William McKee. 

Of New Castle Presbytery: the Rev. Messrs. William McKennan, James 
Latta, Thomas Reed, James Anderson, Thomas Smith, Daniel Jones, Namaniel 
Semple, John E. Finley. 

Of Lewes Presbytery : the Rev. Messrs. John Miller, Matthew Wilson, D. 
D., Jacob Kerr, John Rankin. 

Of Baltimore Presbvterv: the Rev. Messrs. James Hunt, John Slemmons, 
Patrick Alison, D. D .," Stephen B. Balch. 

Of Carlisle Presbytery : the Rev. Messrs. John Elder, John Hoge. Hugh 
McGill, Charles Nesbit. D. D., James Martin. Robert McMordie, Robert 
Cooper, James Lang, Thomas McFerrin. Robert Davidson. D. D.. Samuel 
Dougal, David Bard, Joseph Henderson. Matthew Stevens. James Johnston. 
Of Redstone Presbytery : the Rev. Messrs. John Clark. Joseph Smith, 
Thaddeus Dod. James Dunlap. 

Of Lexington Presbytery: the Rev. Messrs. John Brown, William Gra- 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 529 

ham, James McConnell, Archibald Scott, Edward Crawford, Benjamin Irwin, 
William Wilson, John McCue. 

Of Hanover Presbytery: the Rev. Messrs. Richard Zanchy, John Todd, 
James Waddel, William Irwin, James Mitchell, John D. Blair, 

Of Abingdon Presbytery: the Rev. Mr. Charles Cummings. 

Of the Presbytery of South Carolina: the Rev. Messrs. James Edmonds, 
John Harris, Joseph Alexander, Thomas Ruse, Thomas H. McCall, Robert 
Finley, Robert Hall, Robert Micklin. 

And the whole of the Presbyteries of Suffolk, Orange, and Transylvania. 

The Synod was opened by the last year's moderator, with a sermon from 
Matthew xviii. 17. 

Mr. Chapman was chosen moderator, and Mr. Armstrong and Mr. James 
Wilson, clerks. 

Ordered, To read the minutes of last sederunt. 

Messrs. Davenport, Chapman, Irwin, Dr. McWhorter, Mr. Mitchell, Mr. 
Munro, Mr. McFarquhar, Mr. King, Mr. Craighead, Mr. Vance, Mr. Black, 
Mr. McKnight, Mr. McMasters, Mr. Montgomery, Mr. Casson, Mr. Power, 
Mr. McMillan, Mr. Balch, and Mr. Simpson, gave their reasons of absence from 
last Synod, which were sustained. 

The following members were appointed a committee of overtures, to meet 
in this church, to-morrow morning, at six o'clock, and afterwards on their own 
adjournments, viz. Messrs. Davenport, McDonald, William Boyd, Irwin, Bur- 
ton, McMasters, McKnight, Keith, Power, Montgomery, J. B. Smith, Simon- 
ton, and Balch, ministers, and Mr. Vangelder, Col. Bayard, Mr. Pinkerton, 
Mr. Taggart, Mr. Snodgrass, and Mr. Boyd, elders. 

Ordered, That the several Presbyteries bring in their respective reports to-mor- 
row morning, in writing; and also a list of their members, according to their'se- 
niority in the ministry, with the names of the congregations in which they are 
settled, and also the names of the probationers and vacant congregations un- 
der their care, that the same may be printed. 

The Presbytery of New Brunswick reported, that they had taken some 
steps in the affair respecting Mr. Treat, but were prevented from proceeding 
by his removal by death. 

Mr. Burton's excuse for not visiting the congregations to the northward and 
westward of Albany, was sustained. 

The fast day appointed by last Synod was observed in all the Presbyteries, 
except Dutchess County, Redstone, and South Carolina, which Presbyteries 
did not hear of the appointment till after the day was past. 

Adjourned to nine o'clock to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 

May \lth, 1787, nine o'clock, A. M. the Synod met according to adjourn- 
ment. Ubi post preces, sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, To read the minutes of last sederunt. 
( JMessrs. Thomas Read, Nathaniel W. Semple, James Latta, Azel Roe, Jo- 
seph Rue, and John Slemmons, and also Col. James Mercer, Mr Semple's 
elder, Dr. Bloomfield, Mr. Roe's elder, Mr. John Smith, Mr. Rue's elder, and 
Samuel Irwin, Mr. Tennent's elder, are now come; their reasons for not at- 
tending sooner, were sustained. 

The testimonials of Mr. Hugh Morrison, a probationer from the Presbytery 
of Root, in the kingdom of Ireland, were presented by Carlisle Presbytery, 
and were sustained by the Synod. 

It was moved and agreed, that each member of Synod do now pay into the 
hand of Col. Bayard, the sum of one quarter of a dollar, towards defraying the 
expense of the present meeting; which was accordingly done, amounting to 
£7 7 s 6d. 
45 



530 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

The Presbytery of Dutchess county reported, that the Rev. Mr. Samuel 
Sacket had been removed by death since the last report was made to Synod; 
that the Rev. Mr. John Davenport had been received as a member of their 
body upon proper testimonials from the Presbytery of Suffolk, and installed 
pastor at Bedford. 

The Presbytery of New York reported, that the Rev. Mr. Simon Horton 
was removed by death on the tenth day of last May ; that they had received as 
a member with them the Rev. Mr. James Thompson, agreeably to the order 
of last Synod, admitting him to join such Presbytery as he might see meet; 
that they had received the Rev. Mr. William Schenck, on proper testimonials 
from the Presbytery of Philadelphia ; and that they had dismissed the Rev. 
Mr. William Lynn, in consequence of his having accepted a call from the Low 
Dutch Reformed Church of New York. 

The Presbytery of New Brunswick reported, that they had ordained Mr. 
Walter Monteith to the work of the gospel ministry, at New Brunswick, on 
the sixth day of December last; and that they had dismissed Mr. Ashbel 
Green, a licensed candidate under their care, in order to put himself under the 
care of the Presbytery of Philadelphia. Mr. Monteith being present took his 
seat as a member. 

The Presbytery of Philadelphia reported, that they had, since last Synod, 
dismissed the Rev. Mr. Israel Evans to take charge of a congregation at Wey- 
mouth, in Massachusetts, and the Rev. Mr. William Schenck to join the Pres- 
bytery of New York, and also Mr. Nathan Grier, a probationer, that he 
might put himself under the care of New Castle Presbytery, in consequence 
of his having accepted a call from Brandywine congregation, within their 
bounds; and that they had received Mr. Ashbel Green, a prohationer from the 
Presbytery of New Brunswick, and ordained him on the 15th instant, as co- 
pastor of the second Presbyterian church in this city, with the Rev. Dr. Sproat. 
Mr. Green being present took his seat as a member, and Isaac Snowden, Esq. 
his elder. 

The Presbytery of New Castle reported, that they had received Mr. Na- 
than Grier from the Presbytery of Philadelphia, as a candidate under their 
care, on proper testimonials from said Presbytery. 

The Presbyteries of Lewes and Baltimore informed the Synod that they had 
no report to make. 

The Presbytery of Carlisle reported, that they had received the Rev. Dr. 
Charles Nesbit upon credentials from the Presbytery of Breehine, in Scot- 
land; and that the Rev. Samuel Thompson was removed by death on the 29th 
day of April last. 

The Presbytery of Redstone reported, that, since the last meeting of Sy- 
nod, they had received the Rev. Samuel Barr, upon proper testimonials from 
New Castle Presbytery. 

The Presbytery of Lexington reported, that they had dismissed Messrs. 
Crawford and Shannon, in consequence of their signifying their intentions to 
remove to Kentucky. 

The Presbytery of Hanover reported, that they had dismissed the Rev. 
Daniel McCalla, in consequence of his having accepted a call from a congre- 
gation near Charleston, South Carolina. 

The Presbytery of South Carolina reported, that pursuant to an order of 
Synod, the Presbytery of South Carolina met for the first time at the Wax- 
haws church on the 12th day of April, 1785, and that the Rev. Thomas H. 
McCaule and James Templeton, having produced regular dismissions from 
Orange Presbytery in order to join them, were accordingly received as mem- 
bers of that Presbytery; Messrs. Robert Finley, Robert Hall, and Robert 
Mecklin, late probationers under the care of Orange Presbytery, having pro- 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 531 

duced regular dismissions from the same, in order to put themselves under the 
care of this Presbytery, were received accordingly; that in June, 1785, they 
had ordained and installed Mr. Robert Finley pastor of the Waxhaws church ; 
that in July they had ordained and installed Mr. Robert Hall pastor of the 
united churches of Upper Longcane and Saluda; that on July 29th, they had 
ordained and installed Mr. Robert Mecklin pastor of the united churches of 
Lower Longcanes and Rocky River; and that at their second meeting, viz: 
on October 12th, 1785, they had cut off the Rev. Thomas Hill from mem- 
bership with the same for contumacy. 

The Presbytery of Abingdon reported, that they had licensed Mr. James 
Balch to preach the gospel. 

Mr. Lucas Alricks, Mr. William Smith's elder, is now come. 

The several Presbyteries gave in a list of their members, &c. agreeably to 
.he order of yesterday. 

Ordered, That the committee for revising the Synod book, procure said 
>ook to be rebound, and to add as much blank paper as they may judge ne- 
cessary, and to call on Col. Bayard for the expenses thereof; and that they 
nsert the index now given in when completely finished, and transcribe the 
ielections when made agreeably to order of Synod. 

Doctor Duffield and Mr. Blair, were appointed a committee to examine the 
*resbytery book of Dutchess county. 

Mr. Latta and Mr. McCreary, were appointed to examine New York Pres- 
>ytery book. 

Doctor McWhorter and Mr. Miller, were appointed to examine Philadel- 
phia Presbytery book. 

Mr. Black and Mr. King, were appointed to examine New Castle Presby- 
.ery book. 

Mr. Woodhull and Mr. William Boyd, were appointed to examine the 
South Carolina Presbytery book. 

Doctors Rodgers and Smith, were appointed to examine Abingdon Pres- 
bytery book. 

Dr. Duffield, Dr. Ewing, Col. Bayard, and Isaac Snowden, Esq'r. were, 
appointed a committee to receive the collections made by the Presbyteries in 
the several congregations within their bounds, for defraying the expenses of 
printing the public acts of Synod, &c. agreeable to their order of last year, 
and to state accurately the monies received from each Presbytery and con- 
gregation, and to inspect and settle the accounts of the treasurer, the Rev. Dr. 
Whherspoon. 

The committee appointed to prepare a draught of a plan of government and 
discipline, reported, that they had, agreeably to order, prepared a draught and 
distributed copies to the respective Presbyteries. Ordered, that the several 
Presbyteries bring in their observations on the said draught in the afternoon. 

Adjourned to three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

May 17//?, three o'clock, P- M. Synod met agreeably to adjournment. 
Post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, to read the minutes of last sederunt. 

The Rev. Mr. Simonton is now come, his reasons for not attending sooner 
were sustained. 

Ordered, That Drs. McWhorter and Duffield, and Mr. Thomas Read, be a 
committee to select such parts of the proceeding of the present sessions of the 
Synod as they may judge will be of general advantage to the church, and re- 
port them to the Synod for their concurrence, that they may be printed, and 
also to prepare for printing and report to Synod a list of the ministers, proba- 



532 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

tioners, and congregations, belonging to the Synod, agreeably to the reports 
of the Presbyteries. 

On inquiry being made whether the several Presbyteries had complied with 
the order of last year, respecting catechizing vacant congregations, it appeared 
that the Presbyteries of New York, New Brunswick, New Castle, Baltimore, 
and Carlisle, had complied therewith; that the Presbytery of Philadelphia had 
complied in part; that the Presbyteries of Lewes and Redstone had not com- 
plied; that Lexington had complied with it as far as their circumstances would 
admit; that Hanover and Abingdon found it impracticable; and that South 
Carolina Presbytery had not received the order in time to take any measures 
in the affair. 

Resolved, That the order of last Synod, respecting the catechizing of all 
vacant congregations under their care, be a standing order of Synod. 

A letter from the Presbytery of Suffolk addressed to the moderator of Sy- 
nod, praying that the union between them and the Synod may be dissolved, 
was read. The Synod appointed Dr. McWhorier to bring in a draught of a 
letter in answer thereto, and that Dr. McWhorter, Dr. Rodgers, Messrs. 
Woodhull, Roe, and Davenport, be a committee to meet the Presbytery of 
Suffolk at Huntingdon, on the first Wednesday of next September at two 
o'clock, P. M., and that the Presbytery of Suffolk be desired, by timely no- 
tice, to meet with the committee, in order to enter into free and full conver- 
sation upon this subject, and the committee to make report at the next ses- 
sions of Synod. 

Adjourned to nine o'clock to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 

May 18th, nine o'clock, A. M. Synod met according to adjournment, Ubi 
post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, To read the minutes of last sederunt. 

Mr. Jacob Vanarsdelen and Dr. Alison are now come, their reasons for not 
coming sooner were sustained. 

Doctor McWhorter, agreeably to order, brought in a draught of a letter to 
the Presbytery of Suffolk, which was approved and ordered to be signed by 
the moderator and sent to that Presbytery, and is as follows: 

44 To the Reverend the Presbytery of Suffolk County: 

44 Reverend and Dear Brethren : — We received a letter from you dated, April 
11th, 1787, which both surprised and grieved us, by informing us ' that you think 
it needful that the union between you and us should be dissolved.' We are sur- 
prised that a matter of so great importance, as breaking the peace and unity of 
the church, should be so suddenly gone into, without our receiving any infor- 
mation of the matter in respect to any previous things leading to such an 
event. We declare that we have done nothing which we know of, that should 
be so much as matter of offence to you, much less a ground of withdrawraent 
or separation. We have always supposed that you, as brethren with us, be- 
lieved in the same general system of doctrine, discipline, worship, and church 
government as the same is contained in the Westminster Confession of Faith, 
Catechisms, and Directory. Y"ou inform us ■ that your local situation renders 
it inconvenient to maintain the union.' This is the same that ever it was, 
when we took sweet counsel together, strengthened each other's hands in the 
advancement of the cause of our dear Redeemer, stood firm in opposition to 
the enemies of our religion, and greatly comforted and encouraged one an- 
other. 

44 You say i that concurrence with the draught oi the form oi government 
and discipline for the Presbyterian Church in North America, is impractica- 
ble.' That is only a draught or overture for consideration and amendment. 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 533 

and we should have rejoiced much to have had your company and aid in 
pointing out those impracticabilities, and in altering, correcting, and complet- 
ing the said draught. We apprehend there are no principles in it different 
irom the Westminster Directory, only the same rendered more explicit in 
some things and more conformable to the state and circumstances of the Pres- 
bytenan Church in America. 

" You likewise add, ■ the churches in your limits will not comply there- 
with. Perhaps those churches, from some cause unknown to us, may have 
nastily imbibed groundless prejudices, which by taking some pains with 
them, arid by giving a proper explanation of the matter, might be readily 
removed. We are fully of opinion that the general principles in said draught 
conjain the plan of church discipline and government revealed in the New 
Testament, and are conformable, (allowances being made for the differences 
in the states of civil society and local circumstances,) to the practices and 
usages of the best reformed churches. 

14 Wherefore, dearly beloved brethren, in the bowels of brotherly love, we 
entreat you to reconsider the resolution expressed in your letter. 

"You well know that it is not a small thing to rend the seamless coat of 
Christ, or to be disjoined parts of that one body his church. We are all mem- 
bers one of another; there should be no schism in the body, but we should 
comfort, encourage, and strengthen one another by the firmest union in our 
common Lord. We are Presbyterians, and we firmly believe the Presbyte- 
rian system of doctrine, discipline, and church government, to be nearer to the 
word of God than that of any other sect or denomination of Christians. Shall 
all other sects and parties be united among themselves for their support and 
increase, and Presbyterians divided and subdivided, so as to be the scorn of 
some and the prey of others? In order to testify to you the high sense we en- 
tertain of the importance of union in the Presbyterian body in America, we 
have appointed a committee, viz : The Rev. Dr. Rodgers, Dr. McWhorter, 
Mr. Roe, Mr. John Woodhull, and Mr. Davenport, to wait upon you to con- 
verse with you, and to endeavour to remove difficulties. 

*• Therefore, we request the moderator of your Presbytery to call the same 
together to meet our committee at Huntingdon on the first Wednesday in Sep- 
tember for these purposes, at which time and place our committee are ap- 
pointed to attend, that you may in a spirit of candour and love reconsider your 
resolution and continue in a state of union with us, and that we may, by our 
united efforts, advance the kingdom of our glorious Redeemer, is the earnest 
prayer of your affectionate and grieved brethren. 

"Signed by order of the Synod, 

" Jedidiah Chapman, Moderator. 

"Philadelphia, May \8th, 1787." 

Messrs. Irwin and Green, were appointed to examine the Baltimore Pres- 
bytery book. 

The Synod resumed the consideration of the draught of a plan of govern- 
ment, &c. The Presbytery of Baltimore gave in their remarks on said 
draught, which were read. The Synod then proceeded to consider the 
draught paragraph by paragraph. 

Doctor Witherspoon is now come, and his reasons for not coming sooner 
were sustained. 

Adjourned to three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

Three o'clock, P. M. Synod met according to adjournment. Ubi post 

preces sederunt qui supra. 
Ordered, To read the minutes of last sederunt. 

45* 



534 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

The consideration of the draught was resumed, and after having gone 
through several sections thereof, 

Adjourned to nine o'clock to-morrow morning. 
Concluded with prayer. 

May 19th, 1787, nine o'clock, A. M. Synod met according to adjourn- 
ment. Ubi post preces sederunt qui supra, 

Except Mr. Irwin's elder, who is gone home through indisposition. 

Ordered, To read the minutes of last sederunt. 

Mr. Watt and Mr. McKee having now come, their reasons for not coming 
sooner were sustained. 

Ordered, to proceed in considering the draught, and after having gone 
through several sections, 

Adjourned to nine o'clock on Monday morning. Concluded with prayer. 

May 2\st, 1787, nine o'clock, A. M. Synod met according to adjourn- 
ment. Ubi post preces sederunt qui supra, 
Except Dr. Henderson, who had leave to go home. 

Mr. John Warford and Mr. John Rankin having now come, their reasons 
for not coming sooner, were sustained. 

Ordered, to read the minutes of last sederunt. 

Ordered, to proceed in considering the draught, and made some progress. 

Adjourned to three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

Three o'clock. P. M. Synod met agreeable to adjournment. Ubi post 
preces, sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, To read the minutes of last sederunt. 

Ordered, To resume the consideration of the draught, and made some pro- 
gress therein. 

As the minds of the members appeared to be considerably divided respect- 
ing the proposed representation from vacant congregations, it was agreed to 
defer the consideration of that paragraph until the other parts of the draught 
shall have been considered. 

Adjourned till nine o'clock to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 

22d May, 1787, Synod met according to adjournment. Ubi post preces 
sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, To read the minutes of last sederunt. 

Mr. Longstreet, Dr. Witherspoon's elder, having come, took his seat. 

Ordered, To proceed in considering the draught. 

Dr. Witherspoon, Dr. Rodgers, Dr. Smith, and Mr. Latta, were appointed 
a committee to prepare an overture respecting the setting apart of ruling elders 
and deacons to their respective offices. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

Three o'clock, P. M. Synod met according to adjournment. Ubi post 
preces, sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, To read the minutes of last sederunt. 

Ordered, To proceed in considering the draught, and made some progress. 

The testimonials of .Mr. John Young, a probationer from the Presbytery of Ir- 
vine, in Scotland, accompanied with corroborating evidential letters, were laid 
before Synod, and approved, and he has leave to put himself under the care 
of the Presbytery of New Y r ork. 

Vdjourned till nine o'clock to-morrow morning. 

Concluded with prayer. 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 535 

23d May, 1787. Synod met according to adjournment. Ubi post preces 
sederunt qui supra. 

Dr. Samuel Smith and Mr. James Muir having now come, their reasons for 
not coming sooner were sustained. 

Mr. Roe and Mr. Bloomfield had leave to go home. 

Ordered, To read the minutes of last sederunt. 

Ordered, To proceed in considering the draught, and made considerable 
progress. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

Three o'clock, P. M. Synod met according to adjournment. Ubi post 
preces sederunt qui supra, 

Ordered, To read the minutes of last sederunt. 

Mr. James Finley has gone home without leave. 

An address from the corporation of the widows' fund was brought in and 
read, particularly stating the deficiency of a number of contributors to the fund 
in their annual payment, which prevents the corporation from paying the an- 
nuities to their widows; requesting the interposition of Synod with them, to 
procure a greater punctuality in their contributors, or the proposal of some 
plan, whereby the fund may be secured in receiving the annual rates stipulated 
by them; and also stating the distress which the want of this punctuality in 
the cases of the Rev. Mr. Huston and the Rev. Mr. Carmichael hath occa- 
sioned, whereby they were reduced to the disagreeable necessity of withhold- 
ing the annuity from their families. The corporation were also heard in ex- 
plaining at large for the satisfaction of the members of Synod, the funda- 
mental principles of their institution, upon which they have proceeded in their 
determination in the case of the family of Mr. Carmichael. At the same time 
a petition from Mrs. Carmichael was brought in, requesting the interposition of 
the Synod with the corporation to procure for her the annuity which has been 
held from her by them. 

Ordered, That these papers lie on the table. 

It was moved and carried, that the form of process in Stewart of Pardovan's 
Collection be read and considered as a basis of deliberation, along with the 
draught. 

Adjourned till nine o'clock to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 

24th May, 1787, Synod met according to adjournment. Ubi post preces 

sederunt qui supra. 
Ordered, To read the minutes of last sederunt. 
Mr. Woodhull obtained leave of absence from Synod. 
The Synod re-considered the vote of yesterday respecting Pardovan's Col- 
lection, when the former vote was agreed to. 

Ordered, to proceed in considering the draught, &c. and made some progress. 
Adjourned till three o'clock P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

Three o'clock, P. M. Synod met agreeably to adjournment. Ubi post 
preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, To read the minutes of last sederunt. 

Mr. Longstreet obtained leave to go home. 

The Synod did allow, and do hereby allow, that Dr. Watt's imitation of 
David's Psalms, as revised by Mr. Barlow, be sung in the churches and 
families under their care. 

Ordered, to proceed in considering the draught, and concluded reading pa- 
ragraph by paragraph. 

Adjourned till nine o'clock to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 



536 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

25th May, 1787, Synod met according to adjournment. Ubi post preces 
sederunt qui supra, 

Except Messrs. Vanarsdalen, Farquhar, Black, Lynn, Waugh, and Dr. 
Alison. 

Mr. Barr had leave to go home. 

Ordered, To read the minutes of last sederunt. 

Ordered, To put off till the afternoon the further consideration of the 
draught of a plan of government and discipline, in order to inquire into certain 
disturbances which have taken place in the western parts of the church, and 
especially within the bounds of the Presbytery of Abingdon ; for the settlement 
of which a committee was appointed at the sessions of Synod, in 1786, to 
meet at Salem, in Nola Chuckey, last October. 

Mr. Hoge, one of the committee, informed the Synod, that he was the only 
member who attended; the reasons given by the other members of that com- 
mittee present in Synod for their not attending, were sustained. 

The committee of overtures also reported a petition from several elders and 
members of the Presbyterian Church in Nola Chuckey, setting forth that they 
were in distressed circumstances, principally on account of some irregular pro- 
ceedings of the Presbytery of Abingdon, and requesting the interposition of 
the Synod in the premises. Upon inquiring into the nature of the uneasiness 
subsisting in the churches there, as referred to in the petition, and confirmed 
by the minutes of last Synod, it appeared that the Presbytery of Abingdon 
was charged with having taken upon trial, and licensed, Mr. James Balch, 
under improper circumstances, and particularly while under suspension by 
Orange Presbytery; that some members of Abingdon Presbytery were also 
charged with having countenanced certain violent proceedings of a tumultuous 
mob, contrary to the ministerial and Christian character, and that several other 
irregularities in that district occasioned an interruption of the peace of the 
churches. 

The Synod, upon a full and careful investigation of the subject, resolved, 
that the said James Balch, having been restored to the communion of the 
church by the Presbytery of Hanover, after a period of several years, upon a 
certificate exhibited to them from the Presbytery of Orange, became a proper 
candidate for Presbyterial trials, and at his licensure, the Presbytery, then met 
according to adjournment, was competent to that business, and that, therefore, 
the proceedings of the Presbytery be sustained. With regard to the other 
subjects of difference existing within these bounds, inasmuch as several of the 
parties concerned were present, it was resolved, that Drs. Witherspoon, Rod- 
gers, Sproat, Ewing, Duffield, McWhorter, and Messrs. Yangelder, Snowden, 
and Taggart, elders, should be a committee to meet in the afternoon, to en- 
deavour to bring the aforesaid parties to an amicable compromise, and to lay 
the foundation, if possible, to prevent all disputes on the subjects alleged in 
future; and that the said committee make report to Synod on the result of 
their endeavours. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 



Three o'clock, P. M. Synod met according to adjournment. Ubi post 
preces sederunt qui supra. 

The committee appointed to review the Presbytery book of New York 
made report, and the book was approved to the one hundred and sixteenth 
page. 

Adjourned till nine o'clock to-morrow morning. 

Concluded with prayer. 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 



537 



26 May, 1787. Synod met according to adjournment. Ubi post preces 
sederunt qui supra, 

(Except Messrs. Latta, Watt, Semple, and Mitchell.) 

Ordered, To read the minutes of last sederunt. 

The committee appointed yesterday to converse with the brethren of Abing- 
don Presbytery, who were present, and to endeavour to accommodate the 
matters of uneasiness among them, met agreeably to order, and report as fol- 
lows : r 

" That they heard the Abingdon brethren more fully than they had been 
heard before Synod, and find one source- of uneasiness in addition to what 
had been mentioned in their county, and among themselves, was about 
psalmody; and the committee, after hearing them fully, recommended to those 
brethren, in a spirit of Christian love, to forgive one another, and bury in ob- 
livion all that had passed; and they readily and cheerfully complied with the 
recommendation, and in evidence of their peace and amity took each other by 
the right hand ; and they promised forbearance towards each other in those 
matters wherein they had differed in judgment, and to encourage, strengthen, 
and support each other, in advancing the common cause of their Divine Re- 
deemer. It gave your committee the highest pleasure to see these differences 
and dissensions terminated in so happy an issue, and they doubt not it will 
have a salutary influence upon the peace of the Church in those parts ; and 
in order to accomplish this desirable end, that there may be peace and bro- 
therly love among the people as well as the ministers, your committee pro- 
pose the following resolutions, which the Synod adopted, and resolved ac- 
cordingly : 

" 1st. That in respect to political differences in that part of the country 
which occasioned a mob or riot, the Synod highly disapprove of, and con- 
demn all such tumultuous and riotous proceedings; but as it appears by a pa- 
per signed by a number who acknowledge themselves the authors of the 
tumult, and also from the testimony of Colonel Cook, that Mr. Balch had no 
hand in that affair, and that he did take some pains to restrain those unhappy 
proceedings from going so far as they did, therefore, all things considered, 
we do not think him blameable in that matter. 

" 2d. In respect to the psalmody; the Synod have allowed the use of the 
imitation of the Psalms of David for many years, to such congregations as 
choose them, and still allow of the same, but they are far from disapproving 
of Rouse's version, commonly called the Old Psalms, in those who were in 
the use of them and chose them, but are of opinion that either may be used 
by the churches, as each congregation may judge most for their peace and 
edification, and therefore highly disapprove of public, severe, and unchristian 
censures being passed upon either of the systems of psalmody, and recom- 
mend it to all ministers in those parts of the Church, to be more tender and 
charitable on these heads. 

" 3d. In regard to the Presbytery's excluding two elders from sitting in 
the judicature at a certain time, the Synod are of opinion, that the Presbytery 
had some support for so doing from common custom and usuage, but that 
there was too scrupulous an exactness attended to in that matter, and hope 
that such events will be guarded against in future. 

11 4th. In respect to the letter addressed to Mr. Balch, through the medium 
of the press, and supposed to be written by the Rev. William Graham, of 
Rockbridge county, Virginia, the Synod look upon the same as very unchris- 
tian, and unwarrantable treatment of a brother; and the Synod do order the 
Presbytery of Lexington to cite Mr. Graham before them, and make due in- 
quiry whether he be the author, and into the reasons of his conduct in that 



538 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OP 

matter, and censure or acquit him as the nature of the case may appear; and 
report their proceedings herein to the next Synod. 

" Ordered, That the whole of the proceedings had upon the affairs of 
Abingdon Presbytery, both at last Synod and at the present sessions, be in- 
serted in the Presbytery book of Abingdon, and that the ministers of that 
Presbytery read them from their pulpits." 

Agreed to postpone the further consideration of the draught until Monday 
morning. 

The committee appointed to review the Presbytery book of South Caro- 
lina made report, and the book was approved to the thirtieth page. 

The committee appointed to examine the Presbytery book of Abingdon 
made report, and the book was approved to the session held March 27th, 
1787, inclusive. 

The committee appointed to examine the Presbytery book of New Castle 
made report, and the book was approved from the session held April 23d, 
1782, to the session held August 13th, 1782, inclusive. 

The committee appointed to examine the Baltimore Presbytery book made 
report, and the book was approved to the eighty-first page. 

The committee appointed to examine the Presbytery book of Philadelphia 
made report, and the book was approved to page fiftieth. 

Mr. Doak obtained leave to go home. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

Three o'clock, P. M. Synod met according to adjournment. Cbi post 

preces, sederunt qui supra. 
The account of Mr. Robert Aitken for Bibles was given in to the Synod, 
and it appearing that there was a balance due to him of eight pounds, ten 
shillings, and seven pence, Synod ordered their treasurer, the Rev. Dr. John 
Witherspoon, to pay said balance. 

The committee appointed to examine the Presbytery book of Dutchess 
county reported, and the book was approved to the one hundred and tenth 
page. 

The committee appointed to receive the collections made by Presbyteries 
made report, that they received — 

From Dutchess county Presbytery, 

" New York 

" New Brunswick 

" Philadelphia 

" New Castle 

11 Lewes 

" Carlisle 

*' Baltimore 

" Redstone 

" Lexington 

" Hanover 

" South Carolina 

" Orange 

" Abingdon 

Total sum, £173 9 8 
The Synod ordered a list of all the congregations to be printed, which have 

made collections, specifying the collections made by each o\ them. 

The Synod considering that it will be necessary to print several pieces for 

the consideration of the churches, which are of the highest importance to 



£0 19 


7 


24 14 


2 


27 6 


6 


21 4 


3 


14 6 


6 


3 10 





20 15 


1 


16 16 


JO 


1 19 


6 


15 6 


7 


18 19 


3 








7 10 


11 









NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 539 

them, agreed to appoint a collection to be made in all the congregations under 
their care, and do hereby order the respective Presbyteries to take order that 
this be put duly in execution, and to bring up their collections to next Synod. 

Mr. Armstrong was added to the committee for preparing selections from 
the minutes, to be printed. 

The following was brought in by the committee of overtures: 

" The Creator of the world having made of one flesh all the children of 
men, it becomes them as members of the same family, to consult and promote 
each other's happiness. It is more especially the duty of those who main- 
tain the rights of humanity, and who acknowledge and teach the obligations 
of Christianity, to use such means as are in their power to extend the bless- 
ings of equal freedom to every part of the human race. 

44 From a full conviction of these truths, and sensible that the rights of hu- 
man nature are too well understood to admit of debate, Overtured, that the 
Synod of New York and Philadelphia recommend, in the warmest terms, to 
every member of their body, and to all the churches and families under their 
care, to do every thing in their power consistent with the rights of civil society, 
to promote the abolition of slavery, and the instruction of negroes, whether 
bond or free." 

The consideration of the above overture was postponed until Monday, the 
28th, at eleven o'clock, A. M. 

The committee appointed to settle the accounts of Dr. Witherspoon, the 
treasurer of the Synod, made report, that Dr. Witherspoon has not his 
vouchers on the spot, but is ready at any time to settle his accounts. The 
Synod finding it will be more convenient to have a treasurer living where Sy- 
nod usually meets, appointed Isaac Snowden, Esquire, treasurer; and appoint- 
ed him to settle with their late treasurer. 

Drs. Smith, McWhorter, and Duffield, Messrs. Powers, Casson, Kerr, 
Simpson, John B. Smith, Templeton, and Balch, were appointed a committee 
to make arrangements to divide this Synod into three. 

Adjourned till nine o'clock on Monday morning. Concluded with prayer. 

28th May, 1787. Synod met according to adjournment. Ubi -post 
preces sederunt qui supra, 

(Except Messrs. Read, Smith, King, and McKnight.) 

Ordered, To read the minutes of last sederunt. 

Agreeably to the order of the day, the Synod proceeded to the further con- 
sideration of the draught of a plan of government and discipline. 

The affair of representation from vacant congregations was now resumed, 
and after considerable time spent thereon, the question was put, Shall it stand 
as in the draught? and was carried in the affirmative. 

The Synod having gone through the consideration of the draught of a plan 
of government and discipline, Dr. Rodgers, Dr. McWhorter, Mr. Miller, and 
Mr. Wilson, junior, were appointed a committee to have a thousand copies 
thereof printed as now amended, and to distribute them among the Presby- 
teries for their consideration, and the consideration of the churches under 

their care. ;'"■/, • u u 

The Synod took into consideration the last paragraph of the twentieth chap- 
ter of the Westminster Confession of Faith; the third paragraph of the twen- 
tv-third chapter; and the first paragraph of the thirty-first chapter; and having 
made some alterations, agreed that the said paragraphs, as now altered, be 
printed for consideration, together with the draught of a plan of government 
and discipline. The Synod also appointed the above named committee to 
revise the Westminster Directory for public worship, and to have it when 
thus revised, printed, together with the draught, for consideration. And the 



540 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

Synod agreed, that when the above proposed alterations in the Confession of 
Faith shall have been finally determined on by the body, and the Directory 
shall have been revised as above directed, and adopted by the Synod, the said 
Confession thus altered, and Directory thus revised and adopted, shall be 
styled, " The Confession of Faith, and Directory for public worship, of the 
Presbyterian Church in the United States of America." 
- It was agreed to reconsider the two votes passed last Saturday afternoon, 
the one ordering the list of the congregations which have made collections to 
be printed, and the other ordering new collections to be raised this year, and 
they were both reversed. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

Three o'clock, P. M. Synod met according to adjournment. Ubi post 
preces sederunt qui supra, 

(Except Messrs. Balch and Irwin.) 

Ordered, To read the minutes of last sederunt. 

Mr. Matthew Tate, a probationer, under the care of New Castle Presby- 
tery, having an intention to take a journey through the southern states, and to 
be a considerable time absent, requested, that if it be consistent with the rules 
of this Synod, he may be allowed to be taken upon trials for ordination in the 
Presbytery to which he belongs, and ordained before he sets out. Tli 
nod remitted the affair to the Presbytery of New Castle, with liberty to said 
Presbytery to do therein as they shall see cause. 

The Synod taking into consideration the overture concerning slavery, trans- 
mitted by the committee of overtures last Saturday, came to the following 
judgment: 

" The Synod of New York and Philadelphia do highly approve of the 
general principles in favour of universal liberty, that prevail in America, and 
the interest which many of the states have taken in promoting the abolition of 
slavery ; yet, inasmuch as men introduced from a servile state to a participa- 
tion of all the privileges of civil society, without a proper education, and with- 
out previous habits of industry, may be, in many respects, dangerous to the 
community, therefore they earnestly recommend it to all the members belong- 
ing to their communion, to give those persons who are at present held in servi- 
tude, such good education as to prepare them for the better enjoyment of free- 
dom; and they moreover recommend that masters, wherever they rind ser- 
vants disposed to make a just improvement of the privilege, would give them 
a peculium, or grant them sufficient time and sufficient means of procuring 
their own liberty at a moderate rate, that thereby, they may be brought into 
society with those habits of industry that may render them useful citizens: 
and, finally, they recommend it to all their people to use the mcst prudent 
measures, consistent with the interest and the state of civil society, in the 
counties where they live, to procure eventually the final abolition of slavery 
in America." 

Whereas, the doctrine of universal salvation and of the finite duration of 
hell torments, has been propagated by sundry persons who live in the United 
States of America, and the people under our care may possibly, from their 
occasional conversation with the propagators of such a dangerous opinion, be 
infected by the doctrine, the Synod take diis opportunity to declare their utter 
abhorrence of such doctrines as they apprehend to be subversive of the funda- 
mental principles of religion and morality, and therefore earnestly recommend 
it to all their Presbyteries and members to be watchful upon this subject, and 
to guard against the introduction of such tenets amongst our people. 

The committee appointed to arrange this Synod into three, made report, 
and after considering their report, the Synod agreed that the arrangement of 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 5 41 

the Presbyteries under four Synods should, for the present, remain as deter- 
mined last year. 

Upon application from the Presbytery of New York, Mr. Warford and Mr. 
Condict, were appointed by Synod to visit the vacancies in the bounds of that 
Presbytery. 

Resolved, that the division of the Synod be postponed until next year, and 
that the Synod be then divided. 

The committee appointed to meet committees from the Reformed Dutch 
Synod and the Associate Synod made report, and delivered the minutes of the 
convention of the committees of the three Synods which met in New York 
last fall, which were read. 

Ordered, That the treasurer pay the Sexton six pounds and two pence, for 
his attendance and other expenses. 

Synod was sorry to observe that so many members had withdrawn without 
leave. 

Adjourned till the third Wednesday of next May, to meet in the first Pres- 
byterian church in this city at eleven o'clock, A. M. Concluded with prayer. 

Philadelphia, May 21s/, 1788. Eleven o'clock, A. M. 

The Synod of New York and Philadelphia met, according to adjournment, 
in llio first Presbyterian Church. Ubi post preces sederunt, 

Of Suffolk Presbytery: The Rev. Mr. Nathan Woodhull. 

Of New York Presbytery : The Rev. Dr. John Rodgers, and Rev. Messrs. 
Jedidiah Chapman, and John McDonald. 

Of New Brunswick Presbytery: The Rev. Messrs. John Woodhull, James 
F. Armstrong, William Boyd, and Walter Monteith. 

Of Philadelphia Presbytery: The Rev. Drs. James Sproat, George Duffield, 
and John Ewing, and Rev. Messrs. Francis Peppard, Samuel Blair, James 
Boyd, William Mackey Tennent, Nathaniel Irwin, Andrew Hunter, and Ash- 
bel Green. 

Of New Castle Presbytery: The Rev. Messrs. James Anderson, John 
Burton, and Nathan Grier. 

Of Lewes Presbytery: The Rev. Mr. William McKee. 

Of Carlisle Presbytery: The Rev. Dr. Charles Nesbit, and Rev. Messrs. 
James Martin, Robert Cooper, John Craighead, and John McKnight. 

Of South Carolina Presbytery: The Rev. Mr. Robert Finley. 

Elders: Mr. Eliphalet Chichester, Mr. Peter Ricker, Mr. David Foreman, 
Isaac Snowden, Esquire, Mr. Ferguson Mcllvaine, Mr. Joseph McClane, Mr. 
Hugh McCulloch, Mr. Alexander Fullerton, and Mr. Hugh Barclay. 

Absent— Of Suffolk Presbytery: The Rev. Messrs. Samuel Buel, Noah 
Westmore, Samson Occum, Benjamin Goldsmith, David Rose, Elam Potter, 
Joshua Hart, and Joshua Williams. 

Of Dutchess County Presbytery: The whole, viz. The Rev. Messrs. So- 
lomon Mead, Wheeler Case, Ichabod Lewis, Samuel Mills, Blackleach Bur- 
et, John Davenport. 

Of New York Presbytery: The Rev. Dr. Timothy Jones, and Rev. 
Messrs. Aaron Richards, Jonathan Elmer, Hugh Knox, D. D., Abner Brush, 
Benjamin Woodruff, Alexander McWhorter, D. D., Azel Roe, Nathan Kerr, 
John Close, Alexander Miller, William Woodhull, Jacob Vanarsdalen, Wil- 
liam Schenck, John Warford, John Joline, Andrew King, and James Glass- 
brook. 

Of New Brunswick Presbytery : The Rev. Dr. John Witherspoon, and Rev. 
Messrs. Israel Read, John Hanna, Thomas Smith, Samuel S. Smith, D.D-, 
Philip Stockton, Joseph Rue, Joseph Clark, Peter Wilson, and James Muir. 

Of Philadelphia Presbytery: The Rev. Messrs. John Snnonton, James 
Watt, and George Faitout. 
46 



542 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

Of New Castle Presbytery : The Rev. Dr. Robert Smith, and Rev. Messrs. 
William McKennan, Colin McFarquhar, James Latta, John McCreary, Alex- 
ander Mitchel, Thomas Read, Thomas Smith, Daniel Jones, William R. 
Smith, Nathaniel W. Semple, James Munroe, and John E. Finley. 

Of Lewes Presbytery: The Rev. Mr. John Miller, Rev. Dr. Matthew Wil- 
son, and Rev. Messrs. Jacob Kerr, John Rankin, and Samuel McMasters. 

Of Baltimore Presbytery: The whole, viz. The Rev. Messrs. James Hunt, 
John Slemmons, Patrick Alison, D. D., Isaac S. Keith, Stephen Balch, and 
George Luckey. 

Of Carlisle Presbytery: The Rev. Messrs. John Elder, John Hoge, Hugh 
McGill, Robert McMordie, James Lang, John King, Hugh Vance, Thomas 
McFerrin, Robert Davidson, D. D., John Black, Samuel Dougal, John Lynn, 
Samuel Waugh, David Beard, Joseph Henderson, Matthew Stephen, James 
Johnston, and John Johnston. 

Of Redstone Presbytery: The whole, viz. The Rev. Messrs. James Fin- 
ley, John Clarke, Joseph Smith, John McMillen, James Power, Thaddeus 
Dodd, James Dunlap, and Samuel Barn 

Of Lexington Presbytery: The whole, viz. The Rev. Messrs. John Brown, 
William Graham, James McConnel, Archibald Scott, Edward Crawford, John 
Montgomery, Benjamin Erwin, William Wilson, Moses Hoge, and John 
McCue. 

Of Hanover Presbytery: The Rev. Messrs. Richard Zanchy, John Todd, 
James Waddel, William Irvine, John Blair Smith, James Mitchel, and John 
D. Blair. 

Of Orange Presbytery: The whole, viz. The Rev. M Bars. Henry Patillo, 
David Caldwell, Samuel MeCorkle, James Hall, Robert Archibald, James 
McKee, David Barr, Jacob Leake, and Daniel Thatcher. 

Of Abingdon Presbytery: The whole, viz. The Rev. Messrs. Charles Cum- 
mings, Hezekiah Balch, John Cosson. Samuel Doake, and Samuel Huston. 

Of South Carolina Presbytery: The Rev. Messrs. J mea Edmonds, John 
Harris, Joseph Alexander, John Simpson, Thomas Reese, Thomas H. Mc- 
Call, James Templeton, Francis Commings, Robert Hall, and Robert Mecklin. 

Of Transylvania Presbytery: The whole, viz. The Rev. Messrs. David 
Rice, Thomas Craighead, Adam Rankin, Andrew McClure, and James Craw- 
ford. 

The Synod was opened by the Rev. Mr. Chapman, the last year's mode- 
rator, with a sermon from Ephesians iv. 3. 4. 

Mr. John Woodhull was chosen moderator, Mr. Armstrong was chosen 
clerk, and Mr. McDonald assistant clerk. 

Ordered, To read the minutes of last Synod. 

Messrs. Nathan Woodhull, Chapman, Monteith. Greene, Burton, McKee, 
Craighead, and Robert Finley, ministers, with Messrs. Reikhart, Snowden, 
Fullerton, Mellvaine, and MeCulloch, elders, were appointed a committee oi 
overtures, to meet here to-morrow morning, at six o'clock, and afterwards on 
their own adjournments. 

Ordered, That the several Presbyteries bring in their reports to-morrow 
morning in writing; and also a list of their members and oi the probationers 
and congregations under their care, agreeably to the order of last year. 

Mr. Mitchell is now come : his reasons for not attending sooner. Mere sus- 
tained. 

The committee formerly appointed to revise the Synod book, and have it 
bound new, and to insert the index and selections, not having yet accomplished 
that business, were continued, and ordered to carry ii into execution. 

Testimonials of Mr. Marcus George, a probationer from the Presbytery oi 
Londonderry, in Ireland, accompanied with such corroborating evidence 
in such cases required by Synod, were laid before the Synod and appro 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 543 

and leave was given to Mr. George to put himself under the care of any Pres- 
bytery he may choose in the bounds of the Synod. 
Adjourned till to-morrow morning, at nine o'clock. Concluded with prayer. 

Thursday, May 22d. Post preces, sederunt qui supra. 
Ordered, To read the minutes of last sederunt. 

Mr. Rue and Dr McWhorter were now come; their reasons for not attend- 
ing sooner, were sustained. 

Suffolk Presbytery reported, that they have ordained Mr. Thomas Russel to 
the work of the gospel ministry, and to the pastoral charge of Westhampton ; 
that they have ordained Mr. Wait Cornwell, sine titulo; have licensed Mr. Asa 
Hillycr to preach the gospel; and received the Rev. Mr. Aaron Woolworth, 
ordained by a council; that they have dismissed the Rev. Joshua Hart from 
the pastoral charge of Smithtown; and that the Rev. Mr. James Brown was 
removed by death, May 9th, 1788. 

New York Presbytery reported, that they have, since our last, ordained Mr. 
Lemuel Fordham to the work of the gospel ministry, in a regular charge; that 
they have dismissed Mr. James Wilson, sen., in order to his settlement at Wil- 
ton, in South Carolina; and also Mr. James Wilson, jun., in consequence of 
his having accepted a call from a congregation in Charleston, South Carolina; 
that they have received Mr. John Warford from the New Brunswick Presby- 
tery; and that Mr. James Thompson has withdrawn himself from them, and 
returned to Britain ; and that Mr. John Moffat departed this life on the 22d of 
last April. 

New Brunswick Presbytery reported, that they have, since our last, ordain- 
ed Mr. Ira Condict to the work of the gospel ministry, and in the pastoral 
charge of the congregations of Newton and Hardwick; and have also ordained 
Mr. Asa Dunham to the work of the gospel ministry, in the pastoral charge of 
the congregations of Oxford and Mount Bethel; that they have dismissed Mr. 
John Warford to join the Presbytery of New York; and that Mr. John Guild 
and Mr. Samuel Kennedy have departed this life since our last; the former on 
the tenth of last July. Mr. Condict being present took his seat in Synod. 

Philadelphia Presbytery reported, that they have, since our last, dismissed 
Mr. John Johnson, to join Carlisle Presbytery, and Mr. William McKee to 
join Lewes Presbytery; and also Mr. James Snodgrass, a probationer under 
their care, to put himself under the care of Carlisle Presbytery, in consequence 
of his having accepted a call to a congregation within their bounds; and that 
they have deposed Mr. William Pickels from the ministerial office. 

New Castle Presbytery reported, that they have, since our last, ordained 
Mr. Nathan Grier to the work of the gospel ministry, in Brandywine congre- 
gation, and have dismissed Mr. Matthew Tate, a probationer to join such Pres- 
byter)' as he may choose. Mr. Grier being present took his seat in Synod. 
' Carlisle Presbytery reported, that they have, since our last, ordained to the 
work of the gospel 'ministry, Mr. Samuel Wilson, in the pastoral charge of 
Big Spring congregation, and Mr. Hugh Morrison, in the pastoral charge of 
Sunbury, Northumberland-town and Buffalo Valley; and have received Mr. 
James Snodgrass, from Philadelphia Presbytery, and ordained him to the work 
of the gospel ministry, in the pastoral charge of Hanover congregation, and 
that they have to lay 'before Synod the testimonials of Mr. Joseph Caldwell, a 
probationer from the Presbytery of Root, in the kingdom of Ireland. 

Mr. John D. Blair and Mr. Warford are now come, their reasons for not 
attending sooner, were sustained. 

Mr. Cooper and Mr. Craighead were appointed a committee to examine the 
Presbytery book of New Brunswick, and Dr. Rodgers and Mr. William Boyd 
to examine Philadelphia Presbytery book. 

Ordered, To proceed in reading the minutes of last Synod. 



544 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

Ordered, That Dr. McWhorter, Dr. Duffield, Mr. Armstrong, Mr. Mc- 
Knight, Mr. Finley, and Isaac Snowden, Esq. be a committee to select such 
parts of the minutes of the last and present sessions of Synod, as they may 
judge will be of general advantage to the church, and also to prepare a list of 
the ministers, probationers, and congregations belonging to the Synod ; distin- 
guishing those congregations that have made collections, and specifying the 
sum raised by each, for the purpose of printing the draught of the form of 
government. &c, and for defraying other synodical expenses, and to report 
the whole, prepared for printing, to the Synod, for their concurrence, on Satur- 
day morning. 

The committee appointed to meet the Presbytery of Suffolk, on the subject 
of their letter, signifying a desire to withdraw from the Synod, reported that 
they met the Presbytery at the time and place fixed on by the Synod, and con- 
versed the subject over with them, with the greatest freedom, candour, and 
amity, and that in consequence of said free and amicable conference, the Pres- 
bytery agreed to withdraw their request, as may more fully appear by the fol- 
lowing minute of said Presbytery, viz : 

" The Presbytery of Suffolk met at Brook Haven, April 8th, 1788, accord- 
ing to appointment; entered upon the consideration of the petition sent to the 
Reverend Synod of New York and Philadelphia, at their last sessions, request- 
ing a dismission from their body ; and, after deliberating on it, came to the 
following conclusion, viz. to withdraw the petition. And appointed the Rev. 
Messrs. Noah Wetmore and Nathan Woodhull to attend the Reverend Synod 
at their next meeting at Philadelphia, and present this minute to the moderator 
of Synod, and transact any other business as may be found necessary by them 
as the representatives of this Presbytery. A true copy of the minute of 
Presbytery. Attested by David Rose, Clerk." 

Ordered, That the appointment of the present treasurer to settle the accounts 
of the late treasurer be continued, and that lie make report to Synod. 

Mr. Warford has not complied with the order of last Synod, appointing him, 
at the request of New Y^ork Presbytery, to supply the vacancies within their 
bounds. Mr. Condict was prevented by want of health. 

A petition from the Rev. Dr. Wilson, detained from Synod through bodily 
indisposition, respecting the draught of the form of government, <fcc. was pre- 
sented and read. 

Ordered, That it lie on the table. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

22d day, three o'clock, P. 31. Post preccs sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, To read the minutes of last sederunt. 

The Presbytery of Carlisle laid before Synod the testimonials of Mr. Jo- 
seph Caldwell, a probationer from the Presbytery of Root, in the kingdom of 
Ireland, accompanied with the corroborating evidence required by Synod, 
which were approved, and the Presbytery Mere allowed to take him under 
their care. 

Mr. Glassbrook is now come ; his reasons for not attending sooner, were 
sustained. 

Memorials from some members of Orangedale congregation, o( New Y'ork 
Presbytery; from the united congregations of Slate Ridge, and Chaneeford 
congregations, of Baltimore Presbytery; and from New Providence congrega- 
tion, of Orange Presbytery, respecting the draught o( the form of government, 
&c. were brought in and read, and ordered to lie on the table. 

Testimonials of Mr. Edward Conn, a probationer from the Presbytery of 
Temple Patrick, in Ireland, accompanied by such corroborating evidence as is 
required by Synod, were laid before Synod, by the Presbytery of Baltimore, 
and were deemed satisfactory, but as Mr. Conn was not present, the Synod 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 545 

refer him to that Presbytery, and allow them to receive him, as a probationer, 
under their care, if, after free conversation with him, they shall find their way 
clear. 

Adjourned tillmne o'clock to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 

23d day, (Friday,) nine o'clock, A. M. Post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, To read the minutes of last sederunt. 

Dr. Witherspoon, Dr. Samuel Stanhope Smith, Mr. Thomas Reed, Mr. Ja- 
cob Kerr, Mr. Templeton, and Dr. Scott, Mr. Monteith's elder, are now come ; 
their reasons for not attending sooner were sustained. 

Agreeably to the order of the day, Synod proceeded to the consideration of 
a draught of the form of government and discipline of the Presbyterian Church 
in the United States of America, and having made considerable progress 
therein, 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

23d day, three o'clock, P. M. Post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, To read the minutes of last sederunt. 

Mr. Templeton was added to the committee appointed to select and prepare 
for printing, Sic. 

Ordered, To proceed in considering the draught of the form of government, 
&c, and went through several sections. 

Mr. Nathan Grier and his elder had leave to go home. 

Adjourned till nine o'clock to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 

24th day, (Saturday,) nine o'clock, A. M. Post preces sederunt qui 

supra. 
Ordered, To read the minutes of last sederunt. 

Ordered, To proceed in considering the draught, and made considerable 
progress. 

Adjourned till nine o'clock on Monday. Concluded with prayer. 

20>th day, nine o'clock. A. M. Post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, To read the minutes of last sederunt. 

A petition from the inhabitants of Norfolk in Virginia, of the Presbyterian 
persuasion, was presented and read, praying the Synod to take them under 
their care, and to appoint a minister of their body to supply them for one year, 
for which they promise to pay him one hundred and thirty pounds, specie, 
Virginia currency, to defray the necessary expenses of his journey, and to 
make every thing as agreeable to him as their circumstances will admit. In 
answer to which the Synod order Dr. Witherspoon, to recommend to Mr. 
JMuir, a member of New Brunswick Presbytery, to repair to Norfolk as soon 
as convenient, and to supply that people agreeably to their request. 

Ordered, To proceed in considering the draught; and made considerable 
progress. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

2Qth day, three o'clock. P. M. Post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, To read the minutes of last sederunt. 

An appeal from a judgment of Philadelphia Presbytery, by Mr. Samuel 
Blair, was brought in. Ordered, that it be taken into consideration at nine 
o'clock to-morrow morning. 

Ordered, To proceed in the consideration of the draught; and also of the 
proposed amendments of the Confession of Faith, and having finished the 
same, 

Adjourned till nine o'clock, A. M. to-morrow. Concluded with prayer. 



546 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 

27th day, Tuesday, nine o'clock, A. M. Post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, To read the minutes of last sederunt. 

Mr. Martin obtained leave to go home. 

Agreeably to the order for the day, the Synod proceeded to consider Mr. 
Blair's appeal from a judgment of Philadelphia Presbytery, by which he con- 
ceives himself aggrieved, and prays that it may be rescinded or erased from 
the records, and after some debate on the subject, 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

27th day, three o'clock, P. M. Post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, To read the minutes of last sederunt. 

The Synod resumed the consideration of Mr. Blair's appeal and request, 
and after a full and free deliberation on the subject, the question was put, 
" erase or not," and was carried in the negative by a large majority. And on 
further consideration of the subject, it was moved and seconded, and on the 
question being put was carried in the affirmative, and ordered, that the follow- 
ing resolution be entered on the register of the Presbytery of Philadelphia, 
viz: 

" Though the Synod highly commend the zeal discovered by the Pi 
tery of Philadelphia for the preservation of the truth ; vet, on considering the 
whole affair, they cannot approve of the form of their proceedings, which are 
irregular, both in making inquiry by private conversation in their Prcsbvterial 
capacity, and also in putting proceedings of that nature on record, and there- 
fore remit to the Presbytery to commence a regular process if they shall find 
ground for it, and recommend it to Mr. Blair to give every reasonable - 
faction to his brethren, and not to injure his character by unnecessary re- 
serve." 

Doctor Scott obtained leave to go home. 

Adjourned till nine o'clock to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 

28th day, TTcdncsday, nine o'clock, .1. M. Post preces sederunt qui 
supra. 

Ordered, To read the minutes of last sederunt. 

Mr. Peppard obtained leave to go home. 

The Synod having fully considered the draught of the form of government 
and discipline, did, on a review of the whole, and hereby do ratify and adopt 
the same, as now altered and amended, as the Constitution of the Presbyterian 
Church in America, and order the same to be considered and strictly observed 
as the rule of their proceedings, by all the inferior judicatories belong; 
the body. And they order that a correct copy be printed, and that the V. 
minster Confession of Faith, as now altered, be printed in full along with it, 
as making a part of the constitution. 

Resolved, That the true intent and meaning of the above ratification by the 
Synod, is, that the Form of Government and Discipline and the Confession of 
Faith, as now ratified, is to continue to be our constitution and the confession 
of our faith and practice unalterable, unless two thirds of the Presbyteries uu- 
der the care of the General Assembly shall propose alterations or amend- 
ments, and such alterations or amendments shall be agreed to and enacted by 
the General Assembly. 

Mr. Nathan Woodhull and his elder obtained leave to go home. 

Ordered, To enter on the consideration of the draught of a directory for the 
worship of God, reported by the committee appointed for that purpose die 
last year, and made some progress. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 



NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 547 

28th day, three o'clock, P. M. Post preces sederunt qui supra. 
Ordered to read the minutes of last sederunt. 

Ordered, To proceed in considering the draught of a directory, and made 
considerable progress. 

Adjourned till nine o'clock to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 

29th day, Thursday, nine o'clock, A. M. Post preces, sederunt qui 
supra, 

(Except Mr. Monteith who has gone home without leave.) 

Ordered, To read the minutes of last sederunt. 

Ordered, to proceed in considering the draught of the directory, and made 
considerable progress. 

Dr. Witherspoon, Dr. Smith, and the moderator, were appointed a com- 
mittee to revise the chapter of the draught of the Directory, respecting the 
mode of inflicting church censures, and to lay it, as by them revised, before 
the General Assembly at their first meeting, to be by them considered and 
finally enacted. 

Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 

20th day, three o'clock. P. M. Post preces sederunt qui supra. 

Ordered, To read the minutes of last sederunt. 

Ordered, To proceed to the further consideration of the draught of the 
directory. 

The Synod appointed Dr. Witherspoon, Dr. Smith, and the moderator, a 
committee to revise that part of the draught which respects public praver, 
and prayers to be used on other occasions, and to prepare it for printing with 
the constitution. 

The Synod having now revised and corrected the draught of a directory for 
worship, did approve and ratify the same, and do hereby appoint the said 
directory, as now amended, to be the directory for the worship of God in the 
Presbyterian Church in the United States of America. They also took into 
consideration the Westminster Larger and Shorter Catechisms, and having 
made a small amendment of the larger, did approve, and do hereby approve 
and ratify the said Catechisms, as now agreed on, as the Catechisms of the 
Presbyterian Church in the said United States. And the Synod order, that 
the said Directory and Catechisms be printed and bound up in the same 
volume with the Confession of Faith and the Form of Government and Disci- 
pline, and that the whole be considered as the standard of our doctrine, go- 
vernment, discipline, and worship, agreeably to the resolutions of the Synod 
at their present sessions. 

Ordered, That Dr. Duffield, Mr. Armstrong, and Mr. Green, be a com- 
mittee to superintend the printing and publishing the above said Confession of 
Faith and Catechisms, with the Form of Government and Discipline, and the 
Directory for the Worship of God, as now adopted and ratified by the Synod, 
as the Constitution of the Presbyterian Church in the United States of Ame- 
rica, and that they divide the several parts into chapters and sections properly- 
numbered. 

On motion resolved, that Dr. Witherspoon, Dr. Smith, Messrs. John Wood- 
hull, Armstrong, and Monteith, be appointed, and they are hereby appointed 
delegates on behalf of this Synod, to meet in convention with delegates from 
the Low Dutch Reformed Synod, and the Associate Reformed Synod, in the 
city of New York on the first Thursday of next October. 

The treasurer reported, that he has received from the members of Synod 
at their present meeting, the sum of four pounds, two shillings and sixpence. 

Ordered, That the treasurer pay to the stated clerk the sum of six pounds 
for transcribing the minutes of the last year and of this, and to the janitor for 



548 MINUTES OP THE SYNOD, &c. 

his service in attending on Synod, and other expenses, three pounds fourteen 
shillings. 

Ordered, That the corporation of the widows' fund, have leave to publish 
at the back of the Constitution and Directory, the rules necessary for the infor- 
mation of young ministers who may become contributors to that institution. 

Resolved unanimously, That this Synod be divided, and it is hereby divi- 
ded into four Synods, agreeably to an act made and provided for that purpose 
in the sessions of Synod in the year one thousand seven hundred and eighty- 
six; and that this division shall commence on the dissolution of the present 
Synod. 

Resolved, That the first meeting of the General Assembly, to be constitu- 
ted out of the above said four Synods, be held, and it is hereby appointed to 
be held on the third Thursday of May, one thousand seven hundred and 
eighty-nine, in the second Presbyterian church in the city of Philadelphia, at 
eleven o'clock, A. M., and that Dr. Witherspoon, or in his absence, Dr. 
Rodgers, open the General Assembly with a sermon, and preside till a mode- 
rator be chosen. 

Resolved, That the Synod of New York and New Jersey meet on Wed- 
nesday the twenty-ninth day of next October, in the first Presbyterian church 
in the city of New York, at threp. o'clock, P. M. and that the present mode- 
rator, or in his absence the senior minister present, open the Synod with a 
sermon, and preside till a moderator be chosen. 

Resolved, That the Synod of Philadelphia meet on the third Wednesday of 
October next, in the first Presbyterian church in the city of Philadelphia, at 
eleven o'clock, A. M., and that Dr. Ewing, or in his absence the senior min- 
ister present, open the Synod with a sermon, and preside till a moderator be 
chosen. 

Resolved, That the Synod of Yirginia meet on the fourth Wednesday of 
October next, at eleven o'clock, A. M. at New Providence church, and that 
Mr. Zanchy, or in his absence, the senior minister present open the Synod 
with a sermon, and preside till a moderator be chosen. 

Resolved, That the Synod of the Carolinas meet on the first Wednesday of 
November next, at eleven o'clock, A. M. at Centre Church, in Roan county. 
and that Mr. Patillo, or in his absence, the senior minister present, open the 
Synod with a sermon, and preside till a moderator be chosen. 

The Synod was then dissolved. Concluded with prayer. 



POSTSCRIPT. 

The editor feels it to be a matter of justice to himself to remark, that with 
all the care he could exercise, an entire uniformity in the spelling of proper 
names could not be preserved. The minutes were written by various hands, 
and contain a much greater variation in this respect than is observable in the 
copy here presented. The manuscript was oftentimes very difficult to be de- 
cyphered, and yet it is to be hoped that no material error has occurred in 
ing the work through the press. 



THE END. 









DeackJified using the Bookkeeperpron 

Neutral.: ;nesium Oxide 



